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In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) technology has gradually penetrated into many medical specialties, bringing unprecedented changes to the medical field. At present, with the application of AI technology in the field of ophthalmology developing rapidly, AI diagnosis is rapid, highly accurate and objective, which can optimise the diagnosis and treatment mode of ophthalmology patients and greatly improve the efficiency of clinical diagnosis. Some AI ophthalmic imaging research has been translated into products, and therefore both domestic and international AI retinal imaging products are now available. However, due to various factors such as training data, R&D capability, clinical validation and market adaptation, many research outcomes still wait to to be translated. Therefore, we propose new therapeutic regimens of retinal diseases and analyze the underlying constraints to technology translation in AI research, with the hope of improving the use of AI technology in the diagnosis and treatment of fundus diseases.

The morbidity and mortality of gastric cancer are high, while the overall therapeutic effect is poor without satisfactory. Clinical obstacles, such as low early-diagnosis rate, tumor heterogeneity, lack of accurate classification and precise treatment, therapeutic resistance, recurrence and metastasis, are the key point issues to the lower efficacy in treatment of gastric cancer. In order to solve these clinical problems, it is necessary to devote more energy to the basic research of gastric cancer, including tumor genomics; gene editing; tumor microenvironment; inflammation, aging and tumor; cell differentiation disorders; autophagy and cell death; metabolic disorders; immunotherapy and drug development. This paper will summarize the clinical obstacles in the treatment of gastric cancer, and describe the directions of basic research on these clinical problems in future, so as to provide notions for the translational research of gastric cancer.

With the introduction of precision medicine, the individualized treatment of cancer has raised increasing interest in the field. Recently, the utilization of organoids as a powerful tool for precision medicine has achieved great breakthroughs for basic research and potential clinical usage. Organoids usually derived from stem/progenitor cells are organ-specific multi-cell clusters organized in a manner like the cell differentiation patterns of their original in vivo counterpart. While keeping the basic pathological/genetic/biological phenotypes of their parental primary cells/tissues, tumor organoids still have a certain potential for proliferative immortalization, which makes organoid-based research/clinical models hopeful tools for precision medicine, especially in predicting drug sensitivity for clinical patients or conducting high-throughput screening of new compounds/drugs for pharmaceutical development. However, obstacles still exist to the clinical application of organoid-based tools, such as the lack of in vivo tumor microenvironment. Currently, with the development of co-culture, microfluidic and bioprinting techniques, breakthroughs have been made for the practical clinical/industrial utilization of organoids. In the current review, we compared the characteristics of common ex vivo tumor models with organoid-based models, summarized the protocols for tumor organoid culturing, reviewed the clinical/industrial application of tumor organoids, and finally look forward to the new outlooks of tumor organoid-based tools in the future.

More and more scholars have paid attention to traditional Chinese medicine since the concept of translational medicine was introduced into this field. Most scholars believe that it is of great benefit to the inheritance and development of traditional Chinese medicine by the integration of translational medicine concepts and traditional Chinese medicine research. By reviewing the connotation and development of translational medicine, this paper explained the similarities between translational medicine and the basic theories of traditional Chinese medicine, and further described the content and practice of translational research on traditional Chinese medicine. It points out that the research foundation of traditional Chinese medicine was weak, the evidence was scattered, and the overall evaluation of efficacy needed to be strengthened. Finally, the viewpoints and strategies of strengthening the transformation research of TCM were put forward, such as strengthening the integration of resources, focusing on the areas of advantage and improving the overall evaluation, so as to provide new ideas for the future research of TCM transformation.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is the treasure of Chinese civilization. Its advantage lies in clinical practice. It takes the concept of holism and treatment based on syndrome differentiation as the guiding ideology, emphasizes the people-oriented concept, and has the dual attributes of science and humanity. The clinical efficacy reflects the vitality of TCM. In recent years, the researchers focus on the TCM clinical regnant diseases and therapies, master the evidence-based medicine method, establish new methods and technologies for clinical efficacy evaluation in line with the characteristics of TCM, integrate with the international clinical research mode so as to gain consensus and recognition.Using the ideas and methods of translational medicine, starting from the needs and efficacy, to build a clinical and basic transformation platform, improve the quality of clinical services, and promote the development of new drugs and new technologies. In general, the development of TCM clinical research should adhere to the principles of Chinese Learning, carry forward original thinking, be fully inclusive and equitable, learn mutually, collaborate with each other, and cooperate in multi-disciplinarity, so as to welcome a new era of high concepts, big data, integration of information and intelligence under the background of big science and health, grasp the hard-won development trend of TCM from integration of TCM and western medicine to placing equal emphasis on TCM and western medicine, and realize the inheritance and innovation of TCM led by us.

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Copyright of China Oncology is the property of Editorial Board of China Oncology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Acupuncture anesthesia is an innovative anesthesia technique which combines acupuncture therapy of traditional Chinese medicine with western anesthesia and surgery. Modern acupuncture anesthesia technology involves comprehensive preoperative evaluation and application, intraoperative assistance in anesthesia, and enhanced recovery after surgery, forming a set of perioperative management models with Chinese characteristics. In the present paper, we comprehensively summarized the application scenarios (including craniocerebral operations, neck surgery, cardiac and thoracic surgery, abdominal operation, obstetrical and gynecological operations, anorectal operation, and orthopedic operation) and values (such as analgesia, reduction in nausea and vomiting, accelerating recovery of gastrointestinal function, regulating immune function, etc.) of modern acupuncture anesthesia technology in the perioperative period, and also analyzed its advantages ［(1) fewer physiological interference to the patient, reducing operation-induced organ damage, and accelerating postoperative recovery； (2) no obvious adverse reactions and high safety； (3) significant social and economic benefits］, current challenges and opportunities of modern acupuncture anesthesia techniques. We think that it is urgent to formulate a set of consensus guidelines and reference for modern acupuncture anesthesia for each type of relevant operations based on evidence-based medicine, actively draw on, absorb and introduce the latest evidence-based concepts and research methodologies and technologies, strive to create new theories, new methods and new technologies, carry out standardized sustainable research, enrich and improve its own system and to expand its application scope through exchanges and mutual learning with cutting-edge technologies of modern medicine.

Translational medicine is an innovative research model that connects basic research and clinicalapplication. The development of translational medicine and the promotion of the transformation of results can provide advanced concepts and methods for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of clinical diseases. This articlereviews the development and practice of translational medicine.

Copyright of China Medical Education Technology is the property of China Medical Education Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The translational medicine has improved the development of basic medicine such as molecularbiology and has changed the medical model. The aim of translational medicine is to translate the basic researchachievement of medical biology into technologies and drugs for application quickly and effectively. With theresearch progress of molecular biology of lung cancer, more molecular biomarkers have been found and used fortumor diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and curative effect surveillance. The research and application of lung cancermolecular markers are summarized as follows.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP), characterized by dysfunction and loss of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors and then retinal degeneration, are major causes of blindness. Currently, there is still no curable treatment available. Recent clinical trials showed that stem cell therapy provided a safe and promising efficiency for these retinal diseases. Transplantation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have obtained safe outcomes for RPE replacement and achieved certain efficacy in treatment of AMD. Fetal retinal progenitor cells for photoreceptor replacement have also confirmed long-term safety and feasibility in vision repair for RP patients. However, there still exist some challenges in this field, including developing novo transplantation technique, ensuring long-term cellular survival and promoting the integration of transplanted cells into the retina. This article provided an analysis of ongoing studies and challenges ahead in this aspect.

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technology,which has gradually become a hot spot in the research of assisting the diagnosis and evaluation of the efficacy of mental diseases.Our design-discovery-explained translational medicine research path,by using multiple cognitive task stimulation models,found that multiple channels of the relative concentration curve of forehead oxygenation and deoxyhemoglobin will show different waveforms.We summarized the correlation of waveform phase characteristic map with typical symptoms and hypothesized that unipolar depression may related to the decline in prefrontal regulation emotional function,and bipolar depression may be related to the dysfunction of prefrontal regulation emotional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The induction of immune tolerance is an essential component and the utmost goal in the ?eld of organ transplantation immunity, which depends upon the recognition and presentation of transplantation antigens, the activation and response of the immune system and other immune essence. However, before successfully inducing immune tolerance, how to carry out individualized induction of immune tolerance in organ transplant recipients to optimize the combination of immunosuppressive agents and individualized treatment and achieve the ideal state of optimal prevention and treatment of immune rejection and minimal adverse reactions, remains to be further resolved by the organ transplantation practitioners. Based on the reports of international core journals, the individualized induction strategy of immune tolerance and the future prospects were reviewed in this article from the following aspects including the mechanism underlying induction of immune tolerance, realization of operational immune tolerance, novel strategy of individualized induction of immune tolerance and application of regulatory T cell in individualized immune tolerance in combination with clinical and laboratory research results of regulatory T cell in our center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human Phenome Project is a major theoretical innovation and breakthrough in the field of scientific research, and a new national science and technology strategy. Oral and Maxillofacial Phenome Project also provides a scientific theoretical basis and a new starting point for the sustainable development of stomatology. In this paper, the leading role of the Oral and Maxillofacial Phenome Project in stomatology is described, and the bridge effect between the clinical research and translational medicine on stomatology is illustrated with examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular imaging technology is one of the keys for the realization of translational medicine. The training and management of molecular imaging instruments are very essential for researchers working on the development of translational medicine. Here we summarize basics and training methods of molecular imaging instruments for small animals, user regulation and instrument management are presented and focus on various imaging systems, such as optical and X-ray small animal imaging system, high resolution pre-clinical photoacoustic imaging system and high resolution in Vivo Micro-CT imaging system. Trainee operators are expected to achieve rapid imaging skill for basic experimental results through practical instrument training. Our suggestion on molecular imaging systems may offer basic reference and experience of management and training for other similar instruments applied in translational medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to summarize the main and common paradigms of medical research, and to understand the current situation, existing problems and future development direction of psychiatry in a larger framework. The medical research paradigms can be divided into basic research, clinical research, translational medicine and implementation science, etc., with the ultimate goal of improving the level of clinical practice. Most of the psychiatric researches in China focused on the basic fields. Research paradigms other than basic research are also critical to the development of medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For more than half a century，the modern bioresearch in acupuncture has made remarkable advancements, proving scientific basis underlying the traditional, intuitive treatment, as well as leading to some new discoveries with the potential to enhance the effectiveness of acupuncture as we know it. Meanwhile, the clinical researches have started to shift its paradigm from traditional individual observation to modern evidence-based medicine. However, there is little interaction between basic and clinic researches, which are like two separate worlds, not benefiting each other. Also the education and training of acupuncture are still traditional style, little combining with modern studies. To bridging the large gap, we need translational science involving in. In this article, with a critical reviews of the limitations of the traditional methods of acupuncture, the challenges faced by clinic practices and placebo-control studies, and the advantages and disadvantages of basic research, we propose a methodological paradigm of the translational research, Translational Acupuncture Research Spectrum, that meets the current situation of acupuncture researches, hoping to give insights into this field and to promote modern acupuncture to move towards a new stage.

The idea of translational medicine from "laboratory to bedside" has become more and more popular. The main purpose of translational medicine is to promote basic research to solve practical clinical problems and improve the level of clinical treatment. It is thus a whole new medical paradigm. However, the principle of "bench to bedside" still has some obvious deficiencies in the "bench" ring, whereas the subject of acupuncture and moxibustion is carried out in the "bench" ring relatively more systematic, but also does not achieve bench to bedside regression well. Nevertheless, as a bridge between basic research and clinical practice of acupuncture and moxibustion, translational medicine has constructed a data fusion channel between them. Our basic researchers should cooperate closely with clinical experts, exchange ideas, collide sparks of wisdom, and promote the leap-forward development of acupuncture and moxibustion.

The development of translational medicine is on the rise, and its advocated relationship between preclinical research and clinical application and two-way translational research mode inspire and promote us to think about solving the corresponding problems faced by acupuncture and moxibustion medicine. The theoretical research of basic research should be closely connected with the practice and application due to the characteristics of the subject, but seems to be seriously disjointed at pre-sent. Therefore, four aspects as "the relationship between acupuncture theory and clinical practice" "correctly interpreting the connotation of traditional theory of acupuncture and moxibustion" "distinguishing which is based on the practice and which is the influence of cultural concepts" and "distinguishing what are the ancient medical discoveries and inventions and what are the theoretical explanations of such discoveries and inventions" should be grasped. In addition, the importance of concept consciousness and two research levels (uncovering unrecognized or buried medical discoveries and techniques and expounding valuable medical ideas) in the transformation research should be emphasized, and the evaluation mechanism for the transformation of research achievements should be established.

It has become one of the major strategic directions to develop translational medicine and realize the stride leap from basic research to clinical application in the national biomedical field. In recent years, both basic and clinical researches of acupuncture and moxibustion have made landmark progress. However, the transformation of acupuncture and moxibustion techniques still faced with many difficulties, such as low conversion rate and high difficulty of transformation. In this article, we mainly made a preliminary discussion on the current situations of acupuncture and moxibustion transformation from the aspects of basic research content, evidence-based medicine and clinical trials, evaluation criteria for the conclusion of scientific research projects and transformation mode, put forward some existing problems in the transformation process, and proposed some corresponding countermeasures to the problems.

Neuroimmunological anti-inflammation is one of the most successful areas of translational medicine in the past 50 years, leading directly to the success of anti-TNF biologics and vagal nerve stimulation therapy for anti-inflammation. The latter has many similarities with traditional acupuncture therapy and further research may reveal more intertwining and enlightenment to acupuncture. This paper briefly reviews the discovery and translational process of Cachectin/TNF, anti-TNF therapy, neural inflammatory reflex arc, vagus nerve stimulation therapy, and Stimulating Peripheral Activity to Relieve Condition (SPARC) project, and also summarizes the experience and lessons learned from the path of translational medicine in this field. The two key steps in the translational process are discussed in details. The purpose is to provide reference for the development of translational medicine in acupuncture. "Minimal injury with significant healing" should be considered as the principal hypothesis to further study the biological mechanism of acupuncture and it may result in more clinical translation in the future.

The basic biological research of acupuncture originates from clinical practice and serves clinical application. It is the fundamental idea of "acupuncture translational medicine". The animal experiment is indispensable in acupuncture translational medicine, which contributes to simplifying the complex factors affecting the clinical efficacy of acupuncture, observing the effect of the nociceptive stimuli and obtaining the invasive and off-body biomarkers. Focusing on animal experiment, the basic biological research can objectively reveal the structure and function of acupoints, obtain the parameters required by different stimulation methods and clarify the material basis which acupuncture works, so as to provide the references and evidences for acupoint combination and the selection of appropriate stimulation in clinical practice, as well as the development of medical instruments and new drugs.

The common development of multi-disciplinary intersection is a hot spot in the research of acupuncture- moxibustion translational medicine. This article analyzes the current situation and reasons for slow development of acupuncture-moxibustion translational medicine, takes acupuncture-moxibustion for depressive disorder as an example, takes acupuncture and moxibustion literature, clinical evidence-based, biological mechanism and medical equipment research and development as the main line, expounds potential strategies to promote the development of acupuncture-moxibustion translational medicine under the background of multi-disciplinary intersection innovation, and discusses the future research direction of acupuncture-moxibustion translational medicine.

To expound the basic strategies of translational medicine research based on clinical effect and scientific problems of acupuncture and moxibustion, and discuss the specific research ideas and methods of acupuncture translational medicine by taking acupuncture prevention and treatment of asthma as an example. The overall strategy of acupuncture translational medicine is to determine the effect of acupuncture first, then clarify the mechanism of acupuncture and transform the results into clinical practice. On the one hand, it is necessary to improve the objectivity and recognition of acupoints in experimental animals, and to realize the limitations and possible bias of animal experimental results; on the other hand, we should adhere to help and promote multidisciplinary research on the role of acupuncture.

To explore the common questions of acupuncture translational medicine study and the development strategy of its translational application. It is believed that the research on the individual and common mechanisms of acupuncture effects, and the common molecule of acupoint and parameter research for the effect onset of acupuncture may promote clinical translation and instrument research and development. The study of meridian theory should be fully applied to clinical practice to build a meridian diagnostic system with clinical significance. Using evidence-based medicine, the clinical research of acupuncture can be transformed into clinical guidelines to provide the effective regimens for clinical practice. The communication and cooperation should be enhanced between the basic research and clinical application in the field of acupuncture. It is suggested that the promotion of acupuncture translational medicine research is contribute to the overall development of acupuncture discipline, and to better service for the human health engineering.

Over the last decade, as tremendous innovations have been achieved in scientific technology, translational medicine has come into the focus of academic medicine, and significant intellectual and financial efforts have been made to initiate a multitude of bench-to-bedside projects. The concept of translational medicine is described as the transfer of new understandings of disease mechanisms gained in the laboratory into the development of new methods for diagnosis, therapy, and prevention and their first testing in humans, meanwhile, translational medicine also is described as a patient- oriented population research and the translation of results from clinical studies into everyday clinical practice and health decision making. Translational medicine is a hot spot in recent academic field, and it is crucial for improving the living standard of population and renewing the research idea and technology. It has, however, significant obstacles during the approach of translational medicine. We here review the background, concept, current situation of translational dental medicine, key components and obstacles of translational medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective preclinical evaluation of the efficacy and safety of antitumor drugs is largely limited by the experimental use of cell line-derived tumor xenografts(CDX) which are deficient in the characteristics of tumor heterogeneity and genetic diversity as compared to primary tumors. As such, the overuse of drugs often fails to treat diseases and the development of clinical drugs is significantly impeded. Patient-derived tumor xenografts(PDTX) inherit intact molecular, genetic and pathologic features from primary tumors, which are sustainable through serial passaging in mice, and thus provide a better alternative model than CDX for developing personalized antitumor therapy. In this review, the characteristics of PDTX model and its applications in cancer research will be summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Translational medicine is an important medical concepts of international medical circles in recent years, it is increasingly become a focus of attention in the research of life science and medicine. Translational medicine has not only emphasizes the combination of clinical medicine and basic medicine, and relates to digest between multiple disciplines. Therefore, the main power of hospital scientific research management support and attention degree of translational medicine and feasibility of implementation,innovation, scientific research project is a key determinant of translational medicine research project. Our hospital has since its establishment in 2010, research center for translational medicine, have a number of achievements transformation and application in clinical practice, and provides the reference for the development of human health plan in the field of life science. In this paper, combined wit. In this paper, combined with the practice in our college, analysis of translational medicine achievements of scientific research management to promote the implementation of the role, provides the reference for the scientific research management personnel in medical institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective There is the serious disconnection between basic medicine and clinical medicine in current medical postgraduate education system. We have searched the postgraduate training mode utilizing the teaching method of clinical pathway combined with translational medicine. Methods By using the method of questionnaire, the postgraduates and teachers were investigated, then the results were tabulated and analyzed. Results Clinical skill and research ability of postgraduates have improved. Moreover, teachers and postgraduates have given high evaluation to the training mode. Conclusion This teaching method of clinical pathway combined with translational medicine was based on the requirement of the clinical center and standardized the teaching process and content, which provided a new path for educating high-quality and innovative tumor specialized talents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, acupuncture and moxibustion widely spread around the world, and its development is closely rela-ted to multidisciplinary integration. Interdisciplinary approaches are of great concern to the innovation and promotion of acupuncture-moxibustion therapy. Acupuncture and moxibustion, combined with optics, electrics, magnetics, infrared ray, microwave and other technologies, create the advanced and practical instrument for diagnosis and treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion and have made important contribution to clinical and teaching work. In the paper, focusing on the unique advantages of the science of acupuncture and moxibustion, the application of interdisciplinary approaches was explored to the promotion of acupuncture-moxibustion technology in its innovation and development, while the existing problems and countermeasures are further considered in the translational process of acupuncture-moxibustion technology to clinical application.

Translational medicine refers to translating basic research achievements into the clinical application for diagnosis and treatment. There are still many issues of gastric cancer to be solved in clinical diagnosis and treatment. We need to focus on clinical questions, by means of basic research and multidisciplinary intersection approach, to further improve the overall efficacy of gastric cancer. Based on Ruijin Hospital's translational research experiences, in this paper, the authors describe the future direction in the field of translational research, such as the etiology and pathogenesis of gastric cancer, tumor markers for early diagnosis, prediction of recurrence and metastasis, classification criteria, evaluation of chemotherapy, tumor heterogeneity, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and research platform establishment. In addition, here we share our perspective of the research on serum biomarkers, specific antibodies and improvement of drug delivery for gastric cancer.

The era of medical big data, translational medicine and precision medicine brings new opportunities for the study of etiology of chronic complex diseases. How to implement evidence-based medicine, translational medicine and precision medicine are the challenges we are facing. Systems epidemiology, a new field of epidemiology, combines medical big data with system biology and examines the statistical model of disease risk, the future risk simulation and prediction using the data at molecular, cellular, population, social and ecological levels. Due to the diversity and complexity of big data sources, the development of study design and analytic methods of systems epidemiology face new challenges and opportunities. This paper summarizes the theoretical basis, concept, objectives, significances, research design and analytic methods of systems epidemiology and its application in the field of public health.

The moderation-integrated-balance presupposition (MIBP) of Chinese medicine compound was first proposed in this paper based on the review of function characteristics and action principles of Chinese medicine compound. Furthermore, the pharmacological problems of traditional Chinese drug research were discussed in details. The results were of important value in accelerating the transformation of traditional Chinese medicine compound, and constructing the new drug innovation and review system for traditional Chinese medicine., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)