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In order to assist doctors in making the diagnosis of mammographic masses, a method is proposed in this paper. Twenty-two features are extracted from each queried region of interest (ROI). A k-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm is used to retrieve similar images from database, and further calculate the mutual information (MI) between the queried image and the images which are in the retrieval results, so as to improve the retrieval performance. Finally, the scheme takes the first nine images with the highest MI scores as the final retrieval results. With the purpose of providing available decision-making information of diagnostic aids, we compare and analyze three calculating methods of decision index. The experiment results show that this method is better than the method using KNN only, and this method improves the accuracy of diagnosis effectively.

Objective: Willow Yellow is a plant disease caused by phytoplasma. We identified the taxonomic status of Willow Yellow phytoplasma (WY)., Methods: We used specific conservative primers amplified 16S rDNA and ribosomal proteins gene (rp) gene. Obtained sequences were then analyzed and homology trees were constructed. The nested-PCR products were also analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)., Results: We obtained 16S rDNA of 1246 bp and rp gene of 1212 bp, and sequence analysis showed a high identity with members of the 16SrI-C group phytoplasmas, all above 99.0%, and had the highest identity with Wheat Blue Dwarf phytoplasmas, 99.8% (16S rDNA) and 99.6% (rp) respectively, RFLP pattern are also the same as 16S rI-C phytoplsama., Conclusion: Willow yellow phytoplasma is a member of 16S rI-C.

A new transformation method for follow-up coordinate system is used and a matrix equation for transforming spatial transporting coordinate of scattering photons is given. The equation has recursion form and only relates to multiplication and will not lead to overflow in calculation. The equation is applied to Monte Carlo simulation in the light propagation in bio-tissues. The results show it can effectively save CPU time and improve simulation efficiency. The results are also in good agreement with the results from the traditional method.

The frequency domain of single channel currents is analyzed by the power distribution function (PDF) constructed by the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and power spectral density (PSD). The result shows that the power distribution function based on DWT is an effective frequency-domain analysis method for single channel currents.

The required time of conventional magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging technique is too long to be applied to clinic. It is necessary to develop the fast methods for magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. Nowadays there are 7 kinds of methods presented, which come from MRI techniques. In this contribution the conventional spectroscopic imaging and 7 sorts of fast spectroscopic imaging are elaborated. It is envisaged that more rapid imaging techniques will be designed, if these arbitrary trajectory reconstruction methods in MRI are applied to spectroscopic imaging.

Experiments were carried out on laboratory-scale pulverized coal combustion with different adsorbents. Three solid adsorbents (calcium sulfate, limestone and bauxite) were used to control the emission of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Co, Ni) during coal combustion. Sequential extraction procedure was developed for partitioning of metals species in coal ash into five fractions: absorbable metals, exchangeable metals, metals bound to carbonate, metals bound to sulfate, residual metals. The adsorbents showed a certain adsorptive ability to heavy metals, and different adsorbent had different ability. It can be proved from the distribution of heavy metals between coarse ash residues and fine particles and also from the increment of stable speciation of heavy metals in fine particles. Calcium sulfate was effective sorbent for removal of Pb, Cd and Cu, limestone for removal of Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, and bauxite for removal of these five heavy metals. Fine adsorbents have higher adsorptive ability than coarse adsorbents.

To reuse dilute domestic wastewater in power plant region as the makeup of recirculating cooling water, a renovate reactor--zeolite media biological aerated filter (ZBAF) was developed. A pilot scale ZBAF of 0.2 m in diameter and 3 m in media height was tested to treat dilute domestic wastewater. The results showed that turbidity, BOD5, CODcr and NH4(+)-N in effluent was 3.2 NTU, 3.2 mg/L, 14.5 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L when the corresponding influent concentration was 59 NTU, 30 mg/L, 81 mg/L and 16 mg/L, respectively, under the conditions of t = 12 degrees C-17 degrees C, HRT = 1.4 h and gas/liquid = 4:1. The effluent quality met the water quality standards of the treated water reused for cooling water makeup. The removal rate of BOD5, COD and turbidity did not change much with the change of HRT and the ratio of gas to liquid, but NH4(+)-N removal rate changed greatly. The parameters along the depth of ZBAF showed that the biofilm phase was abundant in carbon-oxidation/nitrification(C/N) zone and simplex in nitrification (N) zone. Ciliate was plentiful in C/N zone. Biofilm in N zone was mainly consists of nitrifiers. The point that the number of ciliate decreased apparently was the boundary of the two zones.

The history and current situation of cell membrane ion-channel gating mechanism study were reviewed, with an emphasis on the application and the latest developments of kinetic model in gating mechanism study; the problems in present study and ion-channel gating mechanism kinetics model for future investigations were finally discussed.

TiO2 photocatalytic film(CB-TiO2) modified by doping carbon black was prepared, and the some structural properties, such as specific surface area, phase, crystal grain size and excitation wavelength were gave, through liquid nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction(XRD) and diffuse reflection spectrum(DRS). The results indicated that adsorbability of CB-TiO2 was greatly improved, BET specific surface area of which enhanced 50%-80% than that of TiO2, baked under 300 degrees C-500 degrees C. And CB modification reduced the crystal grain size, so the temperature of phase transformation was decreased. Corresponding, the photocatalytic activity of CB-TiO2 also was greatly improved, the reaction rate of which was 1.5 times of that of TiO2.

Aim: To study the calcium buffer in SH-SY5Y cells., Methods: By using patch clamp technique, measure voltage-gated calcium currents in undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cell line. Then, by using microfluorometric technique, detect the intracellular [Ca2+]i and the dynamic recovery course after high-K+ induced [Ca2+]i elevation., Results: There are voltage-gated calcium currents in undifferentiated SH-SYSY cell line. When the time intervals between the stimulus are < 150s, the recovery course will be much more deferred because of the saturation of the intracellular calcium buffer; and when the intervals between the stimulus are > 150 s, the buffer will recruit so as to lead to the steadiness state of the recover course., Conclusion: Calcium buffer proteins have an important effect in the course of cellular calcium signal transduction.

Staged combustion was carried out on laboratory-scale pulverized coal combustion with different absorbents. The experiment indicated staged combustion increased emission of submicron particles, which went against the control of trace elements, especially for those of high volatile elements, such as Cu, Ni. The thermodynamics calculation also indicate the transformation of trace metal was different with different atmosphere, suboxidized and reduced species were more easily formed under reduced condition. In both conditions, absorbents show a certain absorptive ability to trace metal, and different absorbent had different ability. For unstaged combustion, kaolinite was the best for Co, Cr and Ni; dolomite for Be, and CaO for Cu. But for under staged condition, HZ- dolomite was the best for Be, Cr and Ni; Kaolinite for Co and Cu.

Objective: The relation of four species of medicinal plants from family Euphorbiaceae and their endophytic fungi was studied to find the source of active substances for developing new pharmaceutical resources., Method: The main fatty acids contained in Sapium sebiferum, Euphorbia pekinensis, Euphorbia helioscopia, Bischofia polycarpam and their 28 strains of endophytic fungi were compared and analysed by GC., Result: The main fatty acids of the plants are: alpha-linolenic acid, palmitic acid, linolenic acid and oleic acid. Linolenic acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid are the main fatty acids of the endophytic fungi., Conclusion: The fatty acids could be produced by the endophytic fungi, which could be used as a factor for identification. There are great differences at the contents of alpha-linolenic acid between the plants and their endophytic fungi, which were suggested to be related with the nutrition absorption and the relationship between the endophytes and the host plant.

The removal of arsenic from drinking water with copolymer coagulant was investigated. The effect of the component, additive substance of the coagulant and filtration were tested by employing a orthogonal analysis. The results showed that the arsenic removal with ferric sulfate was better than that with ferric-aluminum copolymer and polysilicon metal salt. Adding active carbon powder or kaoline could not enhance the efficacy of arsenic removal. However, the removal rate was improved by filtration after using coagulates, and sand filtration was feasible. The efficacy of arsenic removal could be affected by the column height filled with sand and the diameter of sand. After arsenic adsorption model fitted, the Lang-muire isotherm was matched. The main mechanism of arsenic removal by coagulation should be adsorption.

This paper investigate the effect of the different operating conditions on the aerobic sludge granulation and biological P removal characteristics in SBR by using synthetic domestic wastewater as feed. Different ratios of COD/TN (11.79, 18.85, 20.72, 24.66), COD/TP (27.85, 44.53, 48.93, 58.25), TN/TP (4.00, 2.36, 1.54), temperature(22 degrees C, 15 degrees C, 8 degrees C) and sludge retention time(16d, 10d, 5d) are tested in this process. It is found that the high ratios of COD/TN (24.66), COD/TP (58.25), temperature (22 degrees C) and low SRT (10d) are beneficial to the phosphorus removal and the cultivation of the aerobic granular sludge. The proper TN/TP rate (2.36), dissolved oxygen and selection of anaerobic seed sludge are basic requirement and most important factors to guarantee such aerobic granules in the process.

The excitation-relaxation processes of the solid Tb(III) complexes (Tb(AA)3.2H2O, Tb(AA)3 bpy and Tb(AA)3 phen) have been studied by photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) with the conjunction of fluorescence spectroscopy. The relaxation processes are studied from two aspects: nonradiative process and radiative process. The photoacoustic amplitude spectra and luminescence spectra of the complexes have been measured. Combined with the luminescence spectra, the PA amplitude spectra reflect the variation of the luminescence efficiency. According to the variation of the luminescence efficiency, the intramolecular energy transfer and relaxation processes of the complexes were studied. The suitability of the energy gap between the lowest triplet level of ligand and resonance energy level of rare earth ion is critical for efficient energy transfer.

An Inspection and maintenance(I/M) programme aims to ensure that motor vehicle emission control systems are functioning properly throughout the two stage idle test. Based on three factors including data from inspection, standard for inspection and failure rate, the effectiveness of the current I/M program was studied through the cumulative distributions. The disadvantages of the cutpoints, institution settings, management, and supervision was also analyzed. The fundamental law of emission limits was proposed.

The theory of the photoacoustic (PA) phase has been studied. The PA phase spectra of rare earth complexes with dibenzoylmethide have been explained basing on the theory. The phase shifts of Tb complexes at the ligand absorption peak have been calculated. The phase shifts and their intramolecular relaxation processes have been studied also.

In this study the effects of the extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields on intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) of rat chromaffinoma PC-12 cells were examined by using a digital fluorescence image microscopy system. A 50 Hz, 100 microT sinusoidal ELF magnetic field increased [Ca2+]i to a marked level, whereas a static field or a field of higher frequency (2000 Hz) did not cause a [Ca2+]i increase. The magnetic field-induced [Ca2+]i rise was partly due to an influx of extracellular Ca2+ and partly due to the release of intracellular Ca2+ pool. It seemed likely that the Ca2+ transport ability of the cell membranes was increased by the 50 Hz magnetic field.

The complex crystals of Eu(III) with AA, HFA and TTA have been synthesized. The absorption intensities of Eu-AA, Eu-HFA and Eu-TTA are different while the photoacoustic (PA) signals of the corresponding solid complexes are almost the same, which shows that the probabilities for nonradiative transition of these chelates are different. The results of the fluorescence spectra are identical. The PA signal was obtained by detecting the heat generated through the nonradiative processes after absorption, and the intramolecular energy transfer processes of Eu-beta-diketones were studied from a new point of view.

In this paper, a method for determination of benzidine in cotton cloth by HPLC was studied. First, cotton cloth was treated by sodium dithionite at the temperature of (70 +/- 2) degrees C. On this condition, azo dyes in cotton cloth were reduced to benzidine. Then benzidine was extracted by diethyl ether in sodium hydroxide solution. Benzidine originating from cotton cloth was analysed by HPLC with a column of Hypersil ODS (5 microns, 15 cm x 4.6 mm i.d.), mobile phase of V (MeOH):V(H2O) = 75:25, flow rate of 0.6 mL/min, pressure of 17.7 MPa and detection at 254 nm. By comparison with the standard sample, the retention time of benzidine was about 2.5 min. Benzidine in three samples was determined through parallel experiment. The mass ratio of benzidine in cotton cloth was 94.01, 86.9 and 120.8 micrograms/g, and the average was 100.57 micrograms/g. The average recovery was 84.7%. The experiment expressed that benzidine originating from cotton cloth could be qualitatively and quantitatively determined by HPLC. The accuracy of the results of parallel experiments was related to the reducing process. When the reducing conditions were completely consistent, the result would be more accurate.

The effects of testicular nerves on regulation of androgen secretion were examined by determining testicular blood flow and testosterone in testicular vein at 10 minute interval before, during, and 10, 20, 30 min after stimulation (Pre. Est. Post. 10. Post 20. Post 30 respectively) of superior or inferior spermatic nerves (SSN or ISN) with 25 Hz high (50-70 V) or low (20-25 V) currency. Blood flow and blood samples of the testicular vein were obtained through a cannula in left side under anesthesia of pentobarbital sodium. Under the stimulation of SSN, blood flow in testicular vein decreased by 44.87% in Est with high voltage whereas with low voltage no change appeared in Est but decreased by 27.25% in the period of poststimulation; although with high voltage of stimulation of SSN a transient fall of testosterone (42.01%) was observed in Est, 2.5 times increase of testosterone occurred in the period of poststimulation, meanwhile the testosterone rose by 87.33% in Est of SSN stimulation with low voltage and was further elevated up to 4 times in post-stimulated period. Unlike the stimulation of SSN, there was no influence of stimulating ISN on testosterone with either high or low voltage whereas there was significant increase of blood flow (12.31%) in the period of Est with high voltage then it tended to decrease after stimulation. The present work supported the hypothesis that testicular nerves involve in regulation of androgen secretion in testis and provided a strong evidence for further investigation of nervous regulation of endocrine in testis.

Xijian Tongshuan pill (XJTS), consisted of Siegesbeckia orientalis, Moschus moschiferus, Hirudo nipponica, Prunus Persicae, Carthamus tinctoruis, Ligusticum wallichi, Panax notoginseng, Angelica Sinensis, Borneolum, etc, were used in treating 70 patients with cerebral thrombosis. The marked effective rate was 82.9%, total effective rate was 96.7%. In control group A, Dextranum and Venoruton were used, in control group B cyclandelate capsule were used. The marked effective rate was 61.7% and 61.1% respectively, the total effective rate was 81.7% and 83.3%. The differences were significant (P < 0.01). The improvement of blood rheology and CT of brain were also significant (P < 0.01). The experiment proved that XJTS pill could inhibit and delay the thrombosis of rabbit, inhibit the platelet aggregation. Acute and subacute toxicity tests proved that XJTS pill was safe and effective.