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Copyright of Journal of South-Central Minzu University (Natural Science Edition) is the property of Journal of South-Central Minzu University (Natural Science Edition) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: Land subsidence caused by long-term over-exploitation of groundwater is one of major problems in Beijing. Since the opening of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, the problem of water shortage in Beijing has been greatly alleviated, and the pressure of land subsidence has been reduced to a certain extent. Methods: In order to analyze the development of land subsidence after the start of the South-to-North Water Transfer in Beijing, ascending and descending time-series interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technique is used to monitor land subsidence in Beijing. First, the mean deformation velocity and cumulative deformation in line of sight in Beijing from January 2015 to December 2020 is obtained by the small baseline subset InSAR. Second, the robust least square fitting method is used to fuse the deformation results of the lifting rail, after that the global positioning system monitoring data are compared with the fusion results of lifting rail. Finally, the variation trend between the deformation results obtained by the robust least quadratic fitting and groundwater data is analyzed. Results: The deformation results show that the center of Beijing is basically stable and the deformation distribution is not uniform. The maximum ascending annual deformation velocity and the maximum ascending cumulative deformation amount reach −134 mm/a and −697 mm respectively. The maximum descending annual deformation velocity and the maximum descending cumulative deformation amount reach −135 mm/a and −734 mm respectively. And the fusion results obtained by the least square fitting method has reliability and accuracy. Conclusions: The subsidence rate in Beijing shows a decreasing trend with the gradual increase of groundwater level. In general, the middle route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project has alleviated the expansion trend of land subsidence in Beijing to a certain extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial communities play a crucial role in the processes of material cycling, energy conversion, and information transfer in river water. Analyzing the distribution characteristics of microbial community structure is crucial for preserving the long-term stability of river water ecosystems. In order to investigate the structure characteristics of the microbial communities and the relationships between microbial communities and hydrochemical compositions in agricultural region and urban region of Qingshui River, a total of 20 river water samples, including 13 samples from the agricultural region and 7 samples from the urban region, were collected from the River. The hydrogeochemical methods, high-throughput sequencing technology, and bioinformatics analysis were used to determine the relationships between microbial communities and hydrochemical compositions in the different functional regions of the River. The results showed that river water is generally weakly alkaline water (8.35≤pH≤9.44). The chemical type of river water is mainly HCO3-Ca•Mg water (80%), followed by Cl-Ca•Mg water (20%). Hydrochemical compositions in agricultural region were mainly controlled by the carbonate dissolution and agricultural fertilization inputs, while these in the unban region were primarily affected by the upstream hydrochemical characteristics and unban discharges. The hardening of river bottoms and its banks resulted in lower level of microbial diversity in the urban region than that in the agricultural region, and further caused the differences in microbial community structure. Limnohabitans, Rhodobacter and Flavobacterium were identified as the main genus in the agricultural region, and Cyanobium_PCC-6307, Limnohabitans and norank_f_norank_o_Chloroplast were the primary genus in the urban region. The order of the influence of hydrochemical factors on microbial community structure was NO3- (P=0.001)>SO42- (P=0.003)>DO(P=0.071)>pH(P=0.222), and among these NO3- emitted from agricultural fertilization has the most significant impact on the microbial community structure in the River. NO3- concentrition in river water was increased by the microbial nitrification process in the agricultural region, whereas it was decreased by microbial denitrification process between the agricultural region and the urban region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: As an important grain-producing area and the most populous plain area in China, the groundwater resources in the North China Plain are seriously exploited for agricultural irrigation and domestic water use, and it is of great ecological significance and socio-economic value to accurately monitor the changes of groundwater storage in the region and continuously recharge and restore the groundwater. Methods: The gravity satellite data were used to invert the groundwater storage changes in the North China Plain, and compared and analyzed with the hydrological model, precipitation information, South-North water transfer project and groundwater well information, and proposed a method to integrate shallow groundwater storage changes and deep groundwater changes to obtain the contribution of total groundwater. Re⁃ sults: The results show that: (1) Both gravity satellite and global land data assimilation system model estimated water storage changes in the North China Plain exhibit obvious seasonal characteristics. (2) The correlation coefficients between the gravity satellite inversions and the shallow groundwater well estimations are consistent in terms of interannual variability, multi-year trend variability and seasonal variability, with correlation coefficient greater than 0.8. (3) Considering the contribution of deep groundwater, the estimated results of integrating shallow and deep groundwater well information and the gravity satellite inversions are in better agreement than those using only shallow groundwater, and indicate that shallow groundwater is the main variation of groundwater storage change. (4) From 2003 to 2017, groundwater in the North China Plain is in a long-term deficit state, with a gravity satellite estimated groundwater deficit rate of-1.3± 0.6 cm/a. From 2018 to 2020, the gravity satellite estimated groundwater deficit rate is −1.9±0.7 cm/a, which is almost consistent with the total groundwater deficit rate of -1.8±0.8 cm/a during the same period taking into account the deep groundwater; the groundwater trend in 2021 is increasing, and the growth rate of gravity satellite inversion is 12.7±1.8 cm/a, which is more consistent with the total ground-water well estimation in the same period. The correlation coefficient is 0.98, and the weighted fused total groundwater storage change is more consistent than that estimated by using only shallow groundwater. (5) Precipitation and North-South water transfer project have a direct impact on water storage changes in the North China Plain, making a significant contribution to the mitigation of groundwater storage deficits and groundwater restoration. Conclusions: The research method in this paper provides a new way to accurately observe groundwater storage changes in the North China Plain, and provides reliable verification of gravity satellite monitoring results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Ecology & Rural Environment is the property of Journal of Ecology & Rural Environment Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to meet the downstream water demand in the open channel water transfer project, this paper considers it necessary to formulate the control scheme in advance. The design of feed forward control scheme is often complicated, and there are many influencing factors, which make it difficult for dispatchers to make decisions quickly. Based on the storage compensation method, this paper applies feed forward control to the section from Diaohe control gate to Jialihe control gate of the middle route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project. Based on the calculation results of storage compensation, the relationship between the initial flow, water diversion flow and feed forward control time is analyzed, and a fast calculation formula of feed forward control time with single and double variables is established. The influence of different factors on the downstream water level deviation of storage compensation control is explored, and the functional relationship between the initial flow, water diversion flow and the maximum deviation of the downstream water level is obtained. In order to solve the problem that the deviation of the downstream water level under the original storage compensation control is too large in the extreme working condition of engineering operation, the feed forward control of the channel pool is carried out by using the secondary storage compensation rule, which effectively reduces the downstream water level deviation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A segmented estimation method of roughness based on the variation of hydraulic radius and estimation accuracy is proposed in order to realize the real- time and high- fidelity roughness estimation of hydrodynamic digital twin (DT) models. This method considers the spatial variability of the roughness value in the longitudinal direction of canals. Based on canal segmentation, two different estimation frameworks, the independent estimation method and joint estimation method, are proposed. The ensemble Kalman filter algorithm is applied to estimate the roughness of each canal segment online based on the limited observed water levels. The results show that the two estimation methods can improve the accuracy of the model by 20% —50% . In addition, the independent estimation method is suitable for a complex canal system with a small error accumulation, while the joint estimation method is suitable for simple canals with unavailable observations. The proposed method can be used for parameter estimation and variable updating of hydrodynamic DT models, and provide a reference for the construction of DT water networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is not easy to obtain hydrate samples from actual marine reservoirs, and a large number of basic experiments in laboratory are still needed to support their resource exploitation. In order to accurately prepare representative hydrate reservoir samples, the laboratory developed a set of three-dimensional experimental device for natural gas hydrates. By multiple-times water injections, the saturation of gas, water and hydrates in target samples and the temperature and pressure conditions of the generated system were controlled, and the parameter characteristics of pressure, temperature and resistivity in system during the formation of methane hydrates were analyzed. The results show that multiple-times water injections can effectively control the saturation of each phase in the sample. It is difficult to observe the induction period of hydrate formation when the driving pressure and the degree of supercooling are large enough. Under the good heat transfer of the surrounding water bath, the temperature rise caused by the exothermic formation of hydrates could be eliminated. The resistivity change shows that there may be "wall climbing effect" in the formation of hydrates in porous media, but there are many factors affecting the resistivity change, which is difficult to accurately judge the formation of hydrates in porous media. In addition, the increase of the initial gas-liquid ratio can promote the increase of the hydrate formation rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Plateau Meteorology is the property of Plateau Meteorology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To further enhance the overall operational efficiency of the Jiangsu Province section of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, an operational mode of mutual transfer and diversion among lakes (hereinafter referred to as "the mutual transfer and diversion mode") is proposed based on the existing unidirectional flow mode of lakes. With the optimization objectives of minimizing the comprehensive water shortage rate in the receiving area and the total energy consumption of pump stations, a joint scheduling optimization model of lakes and groups of sluice-pump stations is constructed under the unidirectional flow mode and the mutual transfer and diversion mode. In addition, the effectiveness of the mutual transfer and diversion mode is analyzed comprehensively, considering nine different scenarios of lake inflow. The results indicate that compared to the unidirectional flow mode of lakes, when the comprehensive water shortage rate in the receiving area is the same, the mutual transfer and diversion mode effectively reduces the total energy consumption of pump stations. Moreover, this mode enhances the water resource allocation capability and efficiency of water resource utilization in Luoma Lake. In scenarios where Luoma Lake experiences water-abundant years while the Hongze Lake goes through abundant, average, or dry years, the water utilization in Luoma Lake increases by 28.6%, 36.1%, and 30.0%, respectively. In comparison, the water abandonment decreases by 47.2%, 42.4%, and 65.9%, respectively. Furthermore, the mutual transfer and diversion mode effectively reduces the water pumping from pump stations between the Hongze Lake and Luoma Lake. By fully utilizing the regulation and storage capacity of lakes along the route, this mode ensures the safe and rational operation of water levels in both lakes. The research findings can serve as a valuable reference for decision-making in the scientific scheduling and operation of the Jiangsu Province section of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the large-flow water transmission of the middle line of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, some aqueducts experienced varying degrees of water level fluctuations, which had a certain impact on safety scheduling, especially the shorter the aqueduct body, the more obvious the phenomenon. In this paper, the RNG k-ε model and Tru-VOF method are used to establish several sets of full three-dimensional numerical models with different tank lengths for typical aqueducts, and explore the influence of tank length parameters on water level fluctuations. The results show that the Carmen vortex street formed at the exit of the tail pier downstream of the aqueduct is the source of fluctuations, and the vortex causes local water blockage, which in turn generates fluctuations to be transmitted upstream. With the increase in the length of the tank, the fluctuation transfer energy is gradually dissipated, the maximum flow velocity and the amplitude of water level fluctuation continue to decrease, and when the length exceeds 800 m, the water level fluctuation energy is basically dissipated. The results can provide a reference for the smooth scheduling and safe operation of the project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arid Zone Research / Ganhanqu Yanjiu is the property of Arid Zone Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on the ecological footprint model, the per capita water resources ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of Fuzhou City from 2012 to 2020 were calculated. The sustainable utilization of water resources in Fuzhou City was analyzed by using the sustainable index of water resources, the water resources ecological footprint per ten-thousand-yuan GDP and the load index of water resources. The results showed that the per capita water resources ecological footprint of Fuzhou City did not change significantly from 2012 to 2020. In 2020, it increased by 1. 5% compared with 2012. Agricultural water resources ecological footprint and industrial water resources ecological footprint were the main types of water resources ecological footprint. In 2020, the per capita ecological carrying capacity of water resources decreased by 80. 0% compared with 2012. The ecological surplus of water resources always existed, but it was obviously decreasing. The water resources ecological footprint per ten-thousand-yuan GDP decreased, the utilization rate of water resources in Fuzhou City was increasing. The increase of water resource load index indicates that the water resource utilization potential of Fuzhou City was decreasing, and in some years, it was even necessary to transfer water from other basins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Machine Tool & Hydraulics is the property of Guangzhou Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (GMERI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Forest Products Industry is the property of China Forest Products Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Dalian University of Technology / Dalian Ligong Daxue Xuebao is the property of Journal of Dalian University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Volume of fluid（VOF） model and user-defined function were applied to simulate the flow boiling of water in microchannel with V-shaped, trapezoidal, square and dovetail-shaped cavities on the heating wall. The effects of cavity shape on the bubble behaviors of bubble nucleation, growth, detachment and coalescence were analyzed. The results show that when the heat flux on the wall is 300 kW· m-2, all cavities are activated as boiling nucleation sites. Compared with the other cavities with V, trapezoidal and square shapes, the onset of boiling time in microchannel with dovetailed cavities is relatively earlier when flow boiling occurs. In the nucleate boiling stage, compared with the trapezoidal cavity, the growth and detachment times of the bubble in the microchannel with dovetailed cavity are decreased by 7.50 ms and 6.70 ms, respectively, while the detachment frequency of the bubble is increased from 33.8 s-1 to 66.7 s-1, which is helpful to enhance the flow boiling heat transfer of water in microchannel. The coalescence and elongation of the detached bubbles in microchannel can increase the evaporation area of liquid film near the heating wall and improve the disturbance of the liquid phase simultaneously. However, it can cause local drying on the heating wall and reduce the stability and reliability of flow boiling heat transfer in microchannel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Harbin University of Science & Technology is the property of Journal of Harbin University of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: Machine learning classifier‑based water body extraction methods for polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) images have high reliability but typically require a great number of training samples. Consequently, it is very difficult and time‑consuming to manually collect enough training samples when extracting water body from multi‑temporal PolSAR images. To this problem, transfer learning is used to reduce the labor cost of querying new samples and improve the timeliness of water body extraction of multi‑temporal PolSAR images. Methods: Firstly, an optimal source domain image from multi‑temporal images is automatically selected according to the distribution difference between images, and the other images are taken as target domain images. Secondly, a group of training samples are queried in the source domain image as source sample set, and the same number of unlabeled samples are randomly sampled from each target domain image as their target domain sample set. And the knowledge of source domain samples is transferred to target domain samples via the transfer learning method. Finally, a random forest classifier‑based water body extraction model is trained using the target domain sample set, and is used for the water body extraction of target domain images. Results: We have conducted experiments using six PolSAR images and two kinds of transfer learning methods, the results show that:(1) The label transfer accuracy and the water body extraction accuracy are positively correlated. (2) Inductive transfer learning methods achieve higher label transfer accuracy and lower standard deviation. (3) A smaller distribution difference between source and target domain images indicate a greater transferability, and thus a better water body extraction accuracy. (4) The water body extraction results of inductive transfer learning methods have a higher rate of missing detection, while the results of transductive transfer learning methods have a higher rate of false detection. Conclusions: In the water body extraction of multi‑temporal PolSAR images, the use of transfer learning methods can significantly reduce the number of manually labeled samples needed to construct high‑performance classifiers, while maintaining the water body extraction accuracy at a high level. It has great application potentiality in the emergency response of flood disaster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Advanced Engineering Science / Gongcheng Kexue Yu Jishu is the property of Advanced Engineering Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Zhejiang University (Science Edition) is the property of Journal of Zhejiang University (Science Edition) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The water supply of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project (SNWTP) has changed the present situation and allocation pattern of water resources in the water receiving area, but its promotion effect on the intensive utilization efficiency of water resources in the water receiving area remains to be proved. Based on the perspectives of 'opening source' and 'reducing expenditure,' this research analyzed the impact mechanism of the water supply of the SNWTP on the intensive utilization efficiency of water resources in the water receiving area. Based on the regression model of general panel data and the mediating effect model, the municipal panel data of the Henan segment of the middle route from 2015 to 2019 was selected to analyze the impact of the water supply of the middle route of SN. WTP on the intensive utilization efficiency of water resources. Then, taking technological progress and industrial structure as intermedi. ary variables, this research tested the mechanism of water resource intensive utilization efficiency affected by the water supply of the SNWTP in the Henan segment of the receiving area. The results showed that: . The water transfer project had a significant positive ef. fect on the intensive utilization efficiency of water resources in the Henan segment of the water receiving area, and the intensive utiliza. tion efficiency of water resources in this segment would be improved with the increase in water supply intensity and cost of the water transfer project. . Technological progress had a significant mediating effect in the process of improving the efficiency of intensive use of water resources, and industrial structure had a complete mediating effect in the process of improving the efficiency of intensive use of water resources in the Henan segment. . The positive impact of technological progress and industrial structure on the intensive utiliza. tion efficiency of water resources in the Henan segment of the water receiving area decreased slightly with the expansion of the water supply scale of the SNWTP. The impact of the government' s role on the intensive utilization efficiency of water resources in the Henan segment became significant when technological progress and industrial structure were included. Finally, based on water resources sup. ply management, corresponding strategies are put forward from the aspects of ensuring the water supply volume of water transfer proj. ects, improving the water pricing mechanism, promoting the technological progress and innovation ability of water receiving areas, and realizing the upgrading of the industrial structure, in order to give full play to the positive role of SNWTP in improving the efficiency of intensive utilization of water resources in water receiving areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology / Shuiwendizhi Gongchengdizhi is the property of Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Exports have promoted the rapid growth of China's economy, but they have also been accompanied by massive consumption of natural resources. Previous studies on China's exports mainly placed China in the global supply chain and studied China's virtual water consumption and value-added benefits in global trade. However, there are few studies on the unfair exchange between regional value-added benefits and virtual water consumption caused by China's exports. Based on the multi-regional input-output model (MRIO), this article estimated the export-driven inter-regional virtual water consumption and value-added benefits in China by using the water consumption data of various sectors and the multi-regional input-output table. The results showed that from 2002 to 2017, the value-added benefits from direct and indirect exports in the developed regions, such as the coastal regions, accounted for 74.25% of China' s total value-added benefits driven by exports, while the direct and indirect virtual water consumption due to exports only accounted for 55% of China's total virtual water consumption. The value-added benefits of all regions promoted by the direct exports of northwest and other underdeveloped regions accounted for 18.25% of China's export-driven value-added benefits, while the virtual water of all regions consumed by direct exports accounted for 28.5% of the virtual water consumed by China's exports. In the developed regions, such as the coastal regions, the consumption of virtual water per unit added value driven by exports was only 3~35 kg, while in the undeveloped regions, the consumption of virtual water per unit added value driven by exports was about 2.3 times that of developed regions, such as the coastal regions. In 2017, Zhejiang, one of the coastal provinces, benefited the most from added value and virtual water exchange in its export trade, outsourcing only 38% of its export-related value-added benefits to other regions, but transferring 62% of its export-related virtual water to other regions. In 2017, in the export of communication equipment, Guangdong obtained 81% of the export-related value-added benefits but consumed only 45% of the export-related virtual water. The northeastern and eastern coastal regions, as well as the southwestern and northwestern regions, consumed up to 43% of the export-related virtual water consumption and gained only 11% of the export-related value-added benefits. Therefore, the underdeveloped regions should accelerate the transformation of regional industrial structures, coordinate their development with the developed regions such as the coastal regions, and actively connect with China's opening-up strategy to promote the development of export trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the change of land use in the Ganjiang River Basin from 1990 to 2019 is analyzed, and the effect of land use change on water production in recent 30 years is studied by using the InVEST model. According to the results, the water production in the Ganjiang River Basin presents an m-type variation year by year, with more water production in the north and east, and less water production in the west and south, the results of scenario simulation show that the transfer of arable land and forestland as well as the transfer of construction land in Ganjiang Basin will promote the increase in water production, and the transfer of water area will promote the increase in water production. Rainfall is the main factor affecting water production, but it is not controllable, so it is practical to study the controllable land use change and to explore the change and influence of land use change on water production, it is of great significance to regional land use planing and water resources management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology / Zhongguo Shipin Xuebao is the property of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology Periodical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Definition of interconnected water systems determines its level of science and engineering technology. How to summarize existing research and engineering practice scientifically, the research on the definition and classification of interconnected water systems is of great value in theoretical and applications. In response to this problem, this article discusses the meaning and important role of defining the term based on formal logic methods and norms combined with an analysis of the main problems associated with the current term definitions used in the water conservancy industry. Then, we systematically demonstrated the necessity and scientificity of applying an interconnected water system instead of a river and lake water system connection and analysed the various problems that exist in association with the current definition of an interconnected water system. On this basis, the following definition of an interconnected water system is given: “science and technology that study the formation of connected water system channels, the evolution of water systems, and the impact of water body transfers”; interconnected water system engineering is herein defined as “a project that constitutes water transfer channels among water systems through water engineering techniques, rivers and lakes”. Then, the connotations and classifications of these two definitions are discussed. These definitions are more scientific, concise and reasonable than the currently used definitions, and more importantly, each definition can scientifically handle the relationship between the adaptability of the concept definition and the completeness of the classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Taiwan Agricultural Research is the property of Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Clean Coal Technology is the property of Clean Coal Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Frozen dough technology has widely been used beyond family bread production at present. The procedures of dough making and baking have therefore been separated to effectively extend the shelf life of bread, while free of starch aging to ensure the freshness for the convenience of transport and consumption of dough products. Therefore, the technology has been rapidly developed to promote the chain operation of the baking industry in the world. Meanwhile, it is necessary to explore the efficient improvement in response to the frozen dough being easy to deteriorate, due to the formation of ice crystals under freezing storage. This study aims to systematically review the degradation mechanism of frozen dough from the following aspects: the yeast activity and gas production, the changes of key components (such as gluten protein, water distribution, and damaged starch), the microstructure of gluten protein, as well as the rheological properties of frozen dough. The improvement of frozen dough was covered ranging from the freezing technology, the screening of antifreeze yeast, together with the addition of enzyme preparation, antifreeze agents, and emulsifiers. In freezing, the yeast activity and gas production decreased, resulting from the changes in the cell membrane of yeast. The screening of antifreeze yeast effectively strengthened the activity of yeast for a higher quality of frozen dough. Nevertheless, the structure of gluten protein was deteriorated, due to the formation of ice crystals. Specifically, the content of gluten in macromolecular polymer was significantly reduced, and the content of soluble protein increased. The elasticity and hardness of dough relied mainly on the depolymerization of gluten in macromolecular polymer, further on the break of the disulfide bond. Non-covalent bond was also involved in the polymerization of gluten protein. The surface hydrophobicity of gluten protein increased during the frozen storage, where the aggregation state of gluten protein molecular was destroyed to rearrange the gluten protein structure with the exposure of hydrophobic sites. In frozen storage, the secondary structure in gluten protein also changed significantly to damage the whole structure, where there were some changes in the content of α-helix and β-sheet orderly structure, while an increase in the anti-parallel β-sheet, and β-turns disorderly structure. As such, the enzyme preparations were used to enhance the structure of gluten protein. The water in the frozen dough was redistributed due to the recrystallization of ice crystals, where the spatial conformation rearrangement of gluten protein was caused by the change of disulfide and non-covalent bond. Thus, the interaction between tightly bound water and gluten protein was weakened, and the water holding capacity of gluten protein decreased. Correspondingly, food gums and antifreeze agents were added to prevent the formation of large ice crystals caused by water migration. Damaged starch transferred the water in gluten protein, and further weakened the interaction between starch granules and gluten protein, indicating an adverse influence on the gluten structure and processing characteristics of dough. The modified starch was generally added to enhance the water holding of dough for the better quality of frozen dough. These approaches contributed to preventing the deterioration of gluten structure, while reducing the viscoelastic properties of frozen dough. The emulsifier was used to reduce water migration resistance to starch aging. The improvement of freezing technology was a benefit to the antifreeze effect of dough and the less sensitivity of yeast. This review can provide a promising theoretical basis and practical reference to inhibit the quality deterioration of frozen dough. The efficient improvement technology was also evaluated from three key factors, including the fermentation characteristics, the structure of gluten, and the state of water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Mechanical Engineering is the property of Editorial Board of China Mechanical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to established the water resource carrying capacity of the Yellow River basin ( YRB ), China in respect to water quantity and quality to facilitate accurate prediction of changes in regional water resources carrying capacity and to formulate an optimal control plan based on the "economic society-water resources- ecological environment" mutual feedback mechanism. Various methods, including element diagnosis, identifying indicators of key drivers, integrating support vector machines and system dynamics were applied to establish a quantitative dynamic water resources carrying capacity simulation model for the YRB by formulating control objectives and analyzing the dif ficulty and cost of managing drivers of carrying capacity. The orthogonal test method was applied to improve the capacity and reduce load within the YRB. The six indicators of key drivers chosen were: CD unconventional water utiliza tion; 1 seawater intake; 2 average irrigation water consumption; 3 irrigation area; 4 industrial value-added water consumption; 5 10, 000 yuan industrial value-added water consumption. The simulation results showed that the upstream, middle and downstream areas of the YRB are currently in an overloaded or severely overloaded state at all planned levels before water transfer projects such as the West Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project become efiecti ve. The study identified the optimal control plan to avoid overloading of the annual water carrying capacity of the YRB at all levels and provides scientific guidance for water resources management of the YRB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]