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The consumption of whole grain foods has positive significance for reducing grain loss and enhancing national health, which is a crucial direction for future developments in the food industry. However, current whole grain consumption in China falls far below recommended levels. This study analyzes the overall quantity, structure, and policy environment of whole grain food consumption in major countries across North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa. It analyzes key factors influencing whole grain food consumption from the aspects of products, consumers, market and policy. In conclusion, great efforts should be made to raise consumer awareness regarding whole grain consumption, advance the processing technology of whole grain foods, and foster nutrition-oriented agriculture through policy initiatives. In this way, the way toward increased whole grain food consumption can be paved and the growth of the whole grain food industry can be promoted.

In the process of vegetable fermentation, the variety and quantity of microorganisms are complex and changeable. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), as the main power in the process of vegetable fermentation, participate in the regulation of various metabolic pathways and affect the formation of flavor. In this review, the changes of major flavor metabolites during vegetable fermentation and their internal relationship with the community structure and abundance of LAB were summarized, then the potential mechanism of LAB fermentation to produce flavor substances was discussed. Moreover, the application of LAB in vegetable fermentation was prospected.

Chinese prepared dishes industry has developed rapidly in recent years. The industry of prepared Hunan cuisine started early. Till now, a complete standard system of Hunan cuisine industrialization has been constructed. The theory of shared Hunan cuisine has taken shape and is becoming a guideline for the development of chain Hunan cuisine. Home-style Hunan cuisine and chain Hunan cuisine have been regarded as the two main developmental directions. But the overall scale of prepared Hunan cuisine is not large. Based on the development history of Hunan cuisine, specially prepared Hunan cuisines, and related sharing of Hunan cuisine theories, experience and practices, this paper expounded the definition of prepared cuisine and cognitive differences among different cuisines. Eight core problems of the industry were analyzed, and corresponding countermeasures were put forward.

In recent years, omics has received a lot of attention from researchers in the field of food and nutrition because of its prominent role in revealing the mechanisms of complex biochemical actions and macro-regulatory dynamic network systems in living organisms and has been applied to research in the field of food. This paper focuses on the application of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics in the food field from the basic concept of histology, which is expected to provide a theoretical basis and scientific guidance for the further use of histological tools for food ingredient control, quality improvement and safety mechanism analysis.

The main active ingredients in lotus leaves were introduced in this review, including flavonoids, alkaloids, volatile oils, terpenoids, polysaccharides, and organic acids. The pharmacological functions of lotus leaves, such as lipid-lowering and anti-obesity activities, anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, and blood-lowering activities, protective effects of the cardiovascular system, nervous system, and liver, and anti-tumor activity were also summarized. The relative research and application were prospected in order to provide references for the comprehensive utilization of lotus leaf resources.

At present, most hydrogels used in the food industry are natural polymers, with poor mechanical properties and high moisture content, which is easy to be contaminated by microorganisms, making it difficult to meet the use needs. In recent years, new composite hydrogels loaded with active substances prepared from natural and synthetic polymers or modified natural polymers have been increasingly used in the food field.. Starting from the preparation method of composite hydrogels, this paper introduces its application status in food packaging materials, fat and starch substitution, bioactive molecule delivery, rapid detection of microorganisms, and prospects the development trend of composite hydrogels in the food industry.

Objective： To establish a rapid qualitative and quantitative method for the adulteration of Camellia seed oil. Methods： The electronic nose technology combined with chemometrics was used to screen the difference variables based on one-way ANOVA. The qualitative model for identification of adulteration types of camellia seed oil was established through principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (DA). A quantitative model for identifying the types and degrees of camellia seed oil adulteration was established using orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS). Results： The R2 of the model was over 0.98, the RMSEE was lower than 0.005, and the RMSECV was lower than 0.01, which had the high performance indicators. Through external verification, the qualitative identification rate of DA model for camellia seed oil samples of different adulteration types was as high as 100%, and OPLS model had good accuracy. Conclusion： The electronic nose technology combined with chemometrics could realize the rapid and nondestructive identification of camellia seed oil adulteration.

In December 2022, the American Academy of Pediatrics released a clinical guideline for point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The guideline outlined the development and current status of POCUS in the NICU, and summarized the key elements and implementation guidelines for successful implementation of POCUS in the NICU. This article provides an overview of the key points of the clinical guideline and analyzes the current status of POCUS in China, providing a reference for the implementation of POCUS in neonatal care in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several important relations between the cycle structure on the Tanner graph and the parity-check matrix H of LDPC codes were proved.A new algorithm for constructing LDPC codes was proposed that introduced quasi-cyclic ex-tension method to PEG algorithm.After a basic matrix was constructed with PEG algorithm,circulant permutation ma-trices would replace the "1"s in the basic matrix.The new method could eliminate effectively the short cycles in the basic matrix without changing the degree distribution fraction of the basic matrix.Simulations show that the quasi-cyclic extended codes based on PEG algorithm have as good error correcting performance as the LDPC codes generated by PEG algorithm in the same conditions of code length,rate,degree distribution and decoding algorithm.The conclusion of contrastive analysis is that well-chosen cycle structures can improve the decoding performance obviously under the given degree distribution.The proposed algorithm can offer a good performance and low encoding complexity synchronously by taking advantage of the quasi-cyclic code’s characteristic that its parity-check matrix H has less superposition within the cycles.

To solve the issue that the traditional BP neural network predicts the amount of agricultural irrigation water, fall into the local minimum and select the appropriate learning rate with difficulty, this paper proposes an agricultural irrigation amount prediction model based on the genetic algorithm and the Adam algorithm to optimize the BP neural network in parallel. This model uses the global search characteristics of genetic algorithm to prescreen the BP neural network with initial weights and thresholds, and then uses Adam algorithm to realize the learning rate adaptation to the constant update of the parameter gradient. The meteorological data of 7 typical irrigation areas in the Long- zhong Area of the Yellow River Basin and the measured irrigation data of corn are collected to train the model. At the same time, it is compared with the network model under the traditional GD method, GA method, and Adam method. The results show that the GA-Adam model reaches the preset accuracy only when the training times are 67 times and the training duration is 0.403 s; and the RMSE and MAE of the predicted value and expected value of the GA-Adam model are the smallest: 54.73 and 47.76 respectively. The coefficient of determination R is 0.81. In a word, the overall prediction effect of GA-Adam model is the best. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the endemic fluorosis in drinking water type in Liaoning Province and the control effect of endemic fluorosis area, and we evaluate the implementation of prevention and control measures and the control effect of dental fluorosis according to the division of endemic fluorosis areas (GB17018-2011). Methods The fluoride content in drinking water, dental fluorosis in 8-12 years old children were investigated in all fluorosis areas of drinking water in Liaoning Province in 2019. One peripheral water sample was collected from the village of the improved water disease area for water fluoride content detection. Each one water sample was collected from the drinking water source of the villages in the decentralized water improvement and no water improvement areas according to the five directions of east, west, south, north and central. If there were less than 5 drinking water sources, all of them will be collected. Then the fluorine content of the samples was determined. The prevalence of dental fluorosis in 8-12 years old children born and living in the village were investigated. The inspection rate should not be less than 90%. Results A total of 2 496 villages were monitored, including 2 279 villages with water improvement, accounting for 91.3% of the monitored villages, and 217 villages without water improvement, accounting for 8.7% of the monitored villages. Among the villages in the water improvement area, there were 2 011 normal operation projects, accounting for 88.2% of the water improvement villages, 64 intermittent operation projects, accounting for 2.8% of the water improvement villages, and 204 abandoned water improvement projects, accounting for 9.0% of the water improvement villages. The qualified rate of fluoride in the water improvement area was 91.8%. A total of 36 542 children aged 8 to 12 years old were examined in the province, and 1 713 dental fluorosis patients were detected. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was 4.7%. Conclusions According to the census results, taking counties (cities and districts) as the unit of statistics, 40 sick districts and counties (cities and districts) in the province have achieved fluorosis control, and 15 counties (cities and districts) have not been controlled. Compared with 28 counties (cities and districts) in the self-assessment at the end of the 12th Five Year Plan in 2016, the implementation of water improvement measures has been significantly improved, and the dental fluorosis of children in sick areas has been effectively controlled. However, there are still some problems in some areas that have not been improved and water fluoride in water improvement projects exceeds the standard, which should be paid attention to. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data is the core foundation of intelligent operation and maintenance, but currently, there is generally insufficient data for wastewater treatment plants, and the status of wastewater treatment systems dynamically evolves with the changes in the internal and external environment. The intelligent operation and maintenance of wastewater plants face difficulties in modeling and model drift caused by system evolution. In response to this issue, the summer and winter seasons with significant differences in wastewater temperature, wastewater quality, and microbial status were selected as typical comparison scenarios. The mechanism model was combined with neural networks to establish a wastewater treatment model drift correction method based on cross-time scale transfer learning. Firstly, in response to the problem of insufficient data, an activated sludge model （ASM） was established and calibrated. Summer operating data was used as input to simulate and calculate operating parameters and effluent data, generating a simulated operating dataset to achieve data augmentation and quality improvement. This was used to train a multi-layer perceptron neural network （MLP） model. The results showed that the average simulation accuracy of the MLP model for summer effluent COD, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, etc., was all over 95%. This indicates the feasibility of training MLP models based on ASM-generated data. Then, the MLP model was used to guide the operation of the pilot A 2 O project. Experimental data analysis showed that the model drift phenomenon was significant in the field of wastewater treatment. During the operation of the pilot plant guided by the summer model, the accuracy of the predicted values gradually decreased, and the average prediction accuracy of the model for effluent COD gradually decreased from 98.14% to 75.18%. The phenomenon of model drift required effective correction to maximize the effectiveness of the model. In response to the problem of model drift caused by a significant decrease in simulation accuracy in winter operating conditions, a transfer learning approach was introduced. The winter measured data was used as the target domain dataset, and the MLP model was used as the pre-trained model for transfer learning. The experimental results showed that transfer learning methods can significantly improve model performance. After transfer learning, the average simulation accuracy of the MLP model for effluent COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus was relatively improved by 28.58%, 184.44%, 207.56%, and 100.51%, with absolute improvement values of 21.49%, 60.79%, 58.14%, and 46.74%, respectively. This indicates that the cross-time scale transfer learning method proposed in this study can significantly improve model performance, effectively solve model drift problems, and achieve a model-following response to the dynamic evolution of wastewater treatment systems. This study indicates that transfer learning based on pre-trained models only requires a small amount of engineering data and computational complexity to achieve model updating and correction. Compared to model retraining, this method reduces computational complexity and reduces the dependence on engineering data during data-driven model updates.

In December 2022, the American Academy of Pediatrics released a clinical guideline for point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The guideline outlined the development and current status of POCUS in the NICU, and summarized the key elements and implementation guidelines for successful implementation of POCUS in the NICU. This article provides an overview of the key points of the clinical guideline and analyzes the current status of POCUS in China, providing a reference for the implementation of POCUS in neonatal care in China.

The American Academy of Pediatrics updated the guidelines for the management of hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn infants with a gestational age of ≥35 weeks in September 2022. Based on the evidence over the past 18 years, the guidelines are updated from the aspects of the prevention, risk assessment, intervention, and follow-up of hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn infants with a gestational age of ≥35 weeks. This article gives an interpretation of the key points in the guidelines, so as to safely reduce the risk of bilirubin encephalopathy and unnecessary intervention.

Membrane fouling is the biggest challenge of membrane bioreactor industrialization. In this study, a bio-electrochemical system (BES)-anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) system was constructed, and the effect of nano-zero-valent iron (nZVI) on membrane anti-fouling ability and methane production was investigated. The results showed that the BES-AnMBR system was stable and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate was maintained at approximately 95%. The optimum condition was observed to be nZVI 0.1 g·g -1 (VS). Under this condition, transmembrane pressure (TMP) was reduced by 28.1%, the membrane flux had a slight improvement, and methane production was up to 81.3 mL·g -1 (COD removed ). This was 12.1% higher than that of the control. In addition, a further analysis of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) fraction and membrane resistance showed that nZVI enhanced EPS decomposition, promoted the formation of an iron-rich layer of inorganic and organic matters on the membrane surface, and changed the distribution of organics and inorganics, thereby significantly alleviating membrane fouling. This study will enrich basic theory of conventional AnMBR and provide a new solution for efficient sludge treatment and resource utilization.

Objective: It is known that hypertension may be implicated the development of memory dysfunction. Our study tests the hypothesis that prevalence of memory dysfunction is closely linked with the level of SBP (systolic blood pressure) and DBP (diastolic blood pressure) in hypertension patients., Methods: Non-stroke hypertension patients aged 18-75 years (n = 196, age 54 ± 10, 101 male) with diagnosed hypertension for more than one year were included. Memory function was measured by the Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test Second Edition (RBMTII, 2003). The general information was obtained through questionnaire., Results: RBMTII total score, the ability of recall name, remember storing article, recall faces, delayed route memory and orientation score were significantly decreased in proportion with increasing blood pressure (P < 0.05: hypertension III vs. II and I). RBMTII total score, the ability of recall name, and recall faces were significantly lower in hypertension II group compared to hypertension I group (P < 0.05). The age, male gender, years of hypertension, level of SBP and BMI were risk factors of memory dysfunction while the years of education was protective factor of memory dysfunction. The morbidity of memory dysfunction in patients with hypertension was higher and more serious with increasing blood pressure level (χ(2) = 10.389, P < 0.01)., Conclusions: Our results suggest that blood pressure is positively related to increased risk of memory dysfunction. The age, male gender, years of hypertension, level of SBP and BMI are risk factors of memory dysfunction while the years of education is protective factor of memory dysfunction.

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents of Kalopanax septemlobus., Methods: Chromatographic techniques including silica gel, gel, semi-preparative HPLC and PTLC as well as recrystallization were employed in the isolation and purification, and the structures were elucidated by spectral analysis and physical and chemical properties., Results: 6 compounds were identified as liriodendrin (1), (-) -syringarenol (2), trans-coniferyl aldehyde (3), trans-caffeic acid (4), beta-daucosterol (5), beta-sitosterol (6)., Conclusion: Compounds 2 -5 are obtained from this genus for the first time.

Objective: To summarize the anesthesia managements on 63 CAD patients undergoing 1-stop hybrid revascularization from July 2007 to June 2009 in Fuwai Hospital., Methods: ECG, direct BP, SpO2, P(ET)CO2, CVP and body temperature were monitored during anesthesia. The management of intraoperative anesthesia should preferably use a small dosage of opioids with inhalation or intravenous anesthesia. At the same time, specific anticoagulation management was administered., Results: The hemodynamics were stabilized. the time of tracheal intubation were shorter. 6 patients were immediate extubated in the operating room with application of fast-track technology. No patient died., Conclusions: Such minimally invasive surgery has little effect on the circulation. The difficulty of anesthetic management is smaller. Specific anticoagulation management is administered. Implementation of the Fast-track technology can demonstrate the further advantages in such surgery.

Objective: To determine the influence of normal pulmonary artery pressure, and mild to moderate and severe pulmonary hypertension on the early hemodynamics, morbidity, and mortality after orthotopic heart transplantations., Methods: Sixty-seven heart disease patients, 54 males and 13 females, aged (46.4 +/- 14.6), including ischemic heart diseases (n = 16), myocardiopathy (n = 43), and other heart diseases (n = 8), underwent orthotopic heart transplantation. Before and after transplantation routine right heart catheterization was conducted. According to the preoperative pulmonary arterial pressure the patients were divided into 3 groups: Group I (n = 15) without pulmonary hypertension (PH) with the pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) < or = 2.5 Wood's units; Group II (n = 42) with mild to moderate PH with the PVR between 2.5 and 5.0 Wood's units; and Group III (n = 10) with severe PH with the PVR > or = 5.0 Wood's units. Heart rate (HR), mean artery pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP), pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP), PVR, cardiac output index (CI), and mixed venous oxygen saturation (S(V)O(2)) were measured preoperatively, immediately and 12, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively. 1, 3, and 7 days, and 1 and 3 months post-operatively echocardiography was conducted to measure the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), mitral valvular regurgitation (MVR), and tricuspid valvular regurgitation (TVR). Postoperative complications and mortality were recorded., Results: The 30-day mortality was zero in all 3 groups. The cardiovascular support used for weaning CPB and postoperative period included dopamine, ephedrine and isoproterenol. In addition, nitroglycerin, NO and iloprost were administered for pulmonary artery vasodilation if the pulmonary artery pressure was higher than 45 mm Hg. The EF value of Group III was significantly lower compared with group (P < 0.05). Before the heart transplantation, 52 patients (86%) had mild to severe PH, of which 10 patients (27%) had severe PH. The patients of Group III had longer CPB time and tracheal intubation time in comparison with the patients of Group I (P < 0.05). Postoperatively 6 patients, 1 in Group I, 2 in Group II, and 3 in Group III, had acute right ventricular failure and 3 patients, 1 in Group II and 2 in Group III, had renal failure. Basiliximab, cyclosporine A, mycophenolate mofetil, and methylprednisolone were administered for immunosuppressive treatment perioperatively., Conclusion: The patients with severe PH pre-operatively have significantly lower pulmonary resistance and pressure, and have more complications, such as acute right heart failure, post-operatively. Active treatment with cardiac stimulant and diuretics is helpful. Smooth anesthetic induction and maintenance, peri-operative stable hemodynamic managements, especially the protection of right ventricle function for the first 2 weeks after the transplantation, myocardial protection of donor heart, and immunosuppressive regimen all play important roles for successive heart transplantation.

Through nitrogen shock loading and organic shock loading experiments, we studied the changing rule and activity status of biological activity of activated sludge in organic matter biodegradation, nitrification and denitrification course in SBR process by the determination of INT-ETS activity. The experimental results show that INT-ETS activity could provide a good indication of the ongoing biological reactions of SBR process. Biological activity of organic matter biodegradation, nitrification and denitrification course in SBR process reduced orderly. INT-ETS activity reduced from 232.59 mg/(gxh) to 190.65 mg/(gxh) and resultly to 113.88 mg/(gxh) when the effluent concentration of COD and NH4(+)-N were 300 mg/L and 40 mg/L. Nitrogen shock loading (14.5 mg/L and 42.0 mg/L) and organic shock loading (COD are 293 mg/L and 685 mg/L) experiments cure verify that the operational conditions could not influence the changing rule of INT-ETS activity, but the time of the appearance of break points marking different reaction course in profile was influenced.