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The natural vegetable oil known as Korean pine seed oil is well-known for its high content of being various unsaturated fatty acids, including oleic, linoleic and pinopuric acid. It has been proved that Korean pine seed oil has several physiological benefits such as lowering blood lipids, enhanceing immunity, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, enhancing insulin sensitivity, and anti-tumor. This review summarized the extraction methods and pharmacological effects of Korean pine seed oil in recent years, and put forward good suggestions for its application in edible oil and industrial production.

Pain is one of the most common symptoms in cancer patients. Apart from causing patients to suffer from unpleasant feelings and negative emotional experiences, uncontrolled pain may also influence patients' function and quality of life, and may be associated with poorer prognosis. Poor management of chronic cancer-related pain may be related to its complicated mechanisms, limitations of current clinical treatment and clinicians' and patients' insufficient understanding of the symptom. Therefore, this review summarizes the definitions, classifications, evaluation and treatment principles of chronic cancer-related pain, and emphasises the importance of multidisciplinary management and patient education in cancer pain management to provide clinicians with the overall idea of pain management in adult cancer patients.

Immobilized microorganism technology has been widely used in the field of heavy metal wastewater treatment due to its advantages of high treatment efficiency and low input cost. However，the related mechanism of heavy metal removal is still unclear. In this paper，a strain of acid-resistant Aspergillus sp. MF1 screened from acid mine drainage was used as the research object for immobilization treatment. Subcellular separation technology and five-step extraction method were used to preliminarily reveal the mechanism of Pb2+ removal from immobilized Aspergillus sp. MF1 through SEM and FTIR characterization. The results showed that under the condition of pH 3.5 and initial Pb2+ mass concentration 10 mg/L，the removal rate of Pb2+ could reach 78.26%. The removal mechanism of Pb2+ from immobilized Aspergillus sp. MF1 could be summarized into two aspects. On the one hand，it was attributed to high specific surface area of carrier and adsorption of Pb2+ by surface active groups of polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate. On the other hand，it was attributed the chelation，adsorption and ion exchange from cell wall，and the compartmentalization of vacuole and other organelles. In addition，immobilized Aspergillus sp. MF1 could be used continuously for 5 cycles，and the removal rate of Pb2+ could reach more than 30%，and no rupture or cell leakage occurred during the removal process.

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672‑6731.2024.03.014

Fusarium infection of wheat can lead to scab, mycotoxin contamination and yield reduction. Fusarium is a serious threat to food security. In this study, the Fusarium strains in wheat were isolated and identified. The three strains N1, N2 and N3 belonged to Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium asiaticum and Fusarium culmatum, respectively. The production of zearalenone, vomitoxin and fumonisin by the three strains was analyzed by toxin-producing gene detection and mycotoxin detection. The results showed that N1 and N3 could produce zearalenone and vomitoxin, but did not produce fumonisin, while N2 did not produce these three toxins. In this study, ozone and chlorine dioxide were further used for gas fumigation to explore the effect of gas fumigation on the three strains isolated. By observing the spore morphology, mycelium length and mycelium morphology, the results showed that chlorine dioxide fumigation could effectively inhibit the growth of mycelium and spore germination, while ozone could only inhibit spore germination and had no obvious inhibitory effect on the growth of mycelium.

Objective To mine the adverse drug events (ADE) signal of avatrombopag, an effective drug for thrombocytopenia treatment, based on real world data in order to provide reference for its clinical safety application. Methods The OpenVigil2.1 pharmacovigilance platform was used to obtain the ADE report data of avatrombopag from May 2018 to March 2023 in the database of FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS).The ADE signals were classified and described by the system organ class (SOC) and preferred term (PT) of the ADE terminology set in the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA), and reporting odds ratio (ROR) and UK Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) comprehensive standard were used to detect the positive ADE signals. Results A total of 1 879 ADE reports related to avatrombopag were obtained, 24 SOCs were involved, and 28 positive ADE signals were detected at PT level.Among these signals, the strongest ones were renal vein thrombosis, portal vein thrombosis and graft versus host disease, while the reports accounting for the largest numbers were headache, fatigue and asthenia.There were 8 ADE signals discovered newly, that is, seasonal allergy, back disorder, musculoskeletal discomfort, flatulence, hypersomnia, rash macular, emotional disorder, and rhinorrhoea. Conclusion For clinical use of avatrombopag, clinicians should not only concern the risk of thrombosis, but also pay close attention to ADE signals such as seasonal allergy, back disorder, musculoskeletal discomfort, flatulence, hypersomnia, rash macular, emotional disorder, and rhinorrhoea that are not documented in the instructions.

Objective To investigate the current status and training requirements of pain medicine among non-anesthetic residents rotating in the Department of Anesthesiology at a tertiary hospital in Beijing. Methods A self-designed questionnaire of “pain medicine education requirements of rotating residents” was administered to each resident on their first day of rotation, and voluntary responses were collected. Results A total of 108 questionnaires were collected (87.1% response rate), comprising 45 from surgical residents, 42 from internal medicine residents, and 21 from emergency and intensive care residents. The results showed that surgical residents encountered a higher prevalence of surgery-related pain as compared to internal medicine residents or emergency and intensive care residents(P＜0.001). Internal medicine residents experienced a greater incidence of inflammatory pain than surgical residents(P＜0.05) or emergency and intensive care residents(P＜0.01). All residents expressed continuing education requirements on pain management. Regarding training modalities, surgical residents favored medical course (86.7%); internal medicine residents preferred outpatient clinic rotation (88.1%); and emergency and intensive care residents preferred interventional treatment rotations (90.5%). Conclusions There are a wide need for continuing medical education on pain management. The training should be tailored diversely based on the specific clinical needs of each department to improve the overall quality of continuing medical education and accelerate the development of integrative pain management.

Objective: A new technical idea was provided for the study of biogenic amine formation mechanism and food safety risk assessment. Methods: An analytical method was established for determination of tyramine, phenylethylamine, tryptamine, octopamine and cadaverine in cheeses with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Biogenic amines were extracted by ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction from cheeses, and were separated by HILIC column, determined by positive electrospray ionization (ESI) with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, quantified by the internal standard method. The effect of extraction solvent type, ultrasonic time and matrix effect on the peak area was studied, and the performance of the method was validated and evaluated. Results: Using 0.1% formic acid (acetonitrile/water) as the extraction solvent, the samples were extracted by ultrasound for 15 min. Ammonium acetate of 5 mmol/L (pH value was adjusted to 4 by formic acid) and acetonitrile were used as the mobile phase，biogenic amines without derivatization were detected by HPLC-MS/MS. The recoveries of 5 biogenic amines were 78.6%~113.8% and relative standard deviations were 2.41%~7.12% at three spiked levels. The limit of detection of tryptamine, phenylethylamine, tyramine and octopamine was 0.75 μg/kg and the limit of quantification was 2.5 μg/kg; The limit of detection of cadaverine was 1.50 μg/kg and the limit of quantification was 5.0 μg/kg. The linear relationship was good in the respective linear ranges, and the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.99. The method was used for the determination of commercially available cheese samples. The contents of different biogenic amines in different samples varied greatly, ranging from 4.45 to 2 863.00 μg/kg, which was within the safe range. Conclusion: The proposed method was suitable for fast determination of 5 kinds of biogenic amines in cheese.

Functional movement disorder (FMD) is a common type of conversion/dissociative disorder. In recent years, the continuous development of imaging techniques such as fMRI, DTI and PET, as well as analytical methods such as morphological analysis and fiber tract tracking, not only provides technical support for the study of neurobiological mechanisms of FMD, but also has important value for its differential diagnosis, efficacy evaluation and prognosis prediction. This article reviews the progress of imaging research on FMD, so as to provide basis for diagnosis, treatment and pathophysiological mechanism of the disease.

Objective To explore changes of brain structure in patients with functional movement disorder (FMD) and their correlation with disease severity. Methods Nine patients with FMD (FMD group) as well as 10 gender⁃ and age⁃matched healthy volunteers (control group) were recruited in Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, from May to October 2023, and then they underwent MRI. Simplified Functional Movement Disorder Rating Scale (S ⁃FMDRS) was used to assess movement disorder symptoms and severity. Clinical Global Impression ⁃ Severity (CGI ⁃ S) was used to evaluate disease severity. Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire ⁃ 20 (SDQ ⁃20) was used to assess body dissociation. Chinese version of Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure (MACE) was used to assess childhood abuse situation. 36⁃Item Short Form of Health Survey (SF⁃36) was used to assess health status. Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 17 (HAMD⁃17) were used to evaluate anxiety and depression. Results Compared with the control group, the FMD group exhibited higher scores on SDQ⁃20 (Z = 2.259, P = 0.028) and Chinese version of MACE (t = ⁃ 3.570, P = 0.002) as well as HAMA (t = ⁃ 3.999, P = 0.001), while SF⁃36 scores for vitality (t = 3.091, P = 0.009) and social functioning (t = 2.275, P = 0.046) were lower in the FMD group. Cortical thickness was greater in the FMD group in the right inferior occipital gyrus and sulcus cortex (t = ⁃ 2.924, P = 0.009), right anterior cingulate gyrus and sulcus cortex (t = ⁃ 3.286, P = 0.004), right orbitofrontal cortex (t = ⁃ 2.381, P = 0.029), while thickness in the left subcallosal area (t = 2.492, P = 0.023) and left paracentral lobule gyrus and sulcus (t = 2.139, P = 0.047), as well as volume of the right cerebellar white matter (t = 2.685, P = 0.016), left cerebellar white matter (t = 2.121, P = 0.049), and the middle posterior region of the corpus callosum (t = 2.550, P = 0.021) were smaller than those of the control group. Correlation analysis revealed left cerebellar white matter were positively correlated with disease duration (r = 0.837, P = 0.038), while cortical thickness in the left subcallosal area were negatively correlated with disease duration (r = ⁃ 0.831, P = 0.040). Conclusions There are structural changes in the limbic system, sensorimotor area, visual cortex, and certain white matter regions in the brains of FMD patients, and several regions were correlated with the disease duration.

Objective To preliminarily summarize the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of functional movement disorder (FMD) based on movement disorders clinic in China. Methods and Results A total of 593 patients with movement disorders newly diagnosed in movement disorders clinic of 22 clinical medical centers from August to September in 2023 were included, including 37 patients (6.24%) with FMD and 556 patients (93.76%) with organic movement disorder. Comparison of the epidemiological characteristics of the 2 groups, the proportions of corona virus disease (COVID⁃19) infection (χ2 = 4.217, P = 0.040) and psychopsychological symptoms (χ2 = 18.694, P = 0.000) in the FMD group were higher than those in the organic movement disorder group, while age (t = 3.757, P = 0.000), age of onset (t = 3.720, P = 0.000) and proportion of hypertension (χ2 = 4.736, P = 0.030) were lower than those in the organic movement disorder group. Comparison of the clinical characteristics of the 2 groups, the FMD group had higher proportions of tremor (χ2 = 3.955, P = 0.047) and myoclonus (Fisher′s exact probability: P = 0.011) than the organic movement disorder group, and the proportions of parkinsonism (χ2 = 8.491, P = 0.004) and gait disorder (χ2 = 5.028, P = 0.025) were lower than those in the organic movement disorder group. Conclusions The age and age of onset, as well as the proportions of COVID⁃19 infection, hypertension, psychopsychological symptoms, tremor, myoclonus, parkinsonism and gait disorder with FMD were different from those with organic movement disorder in China.

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of avian influenza viruses in the external environment of poultry in Anqing City， Anhui Province， and provide scientific evidence for prevention and control of animal-derived influenza in humans.MethodsA total of 28 farmers’ markets/farms in 10 counties （cities， districts） of Anqing City， Anhui Province， were selected as surveillance sites by simple random sampling strategy. Poultry faeces and other related samples were collected for 6 consecutive weeks. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to examine the nucleic acids of influenza A virus. Subtypes H5， H7， and H9 of avian influenza virus were further tested in the positive samples.ResultsA total of 426 specimens were collected， among which 113 tested positive with a positive rate of 26.53%. Among the positive specimens， 104 were determined to be subtype H9， accounting for 92.04%. It did not significantly differ in the positive rate between the main and non-main urban areas （χ20.05） or among the specimens collected in different weeks （χ2=7.57， P>0.05）. However， it significantly differed in the positive rate among the specimens collected in the third week and other weeks （χ2=6.89， P

Objective: In order to improve the energy efficiency of the transcritical two stage CO2 refrigeration system, the conventional exergy analysis and advanced exergy analysis of the system were conducted. Methods: Advanced exergy analysis provides more valuable information on the interaction between system components and the potential for component improvement by splitting the exergy destruction into endogenous/exogenous and unavoidable/avoidable parts. Results: The results indicated that the transcritical two stage CO2 refrigeration system had significant potential for efficiency improvement. The priority of the optimized components from conventional and advanced exergy analysis was different. The advanced exergy analysis showed that performance optimization of the high-pressure stage compressor, low-pressure stage compressor and evaporator were the focus of improving system energy efficiency. Conclusion: The endogenous avoidable exergy destruction of the high-pressure stage compressor, low-pressure stage compressor and evaporator accounted for 20.9%, 15.2% and 36.5% of the endogenous avoidable exergy destruction of the system, respectively. The improvement of the high-pressure stage compressor, low-pressure stage compressor and evaporator are able to reduce their exergy destruction by 58.8%, 49.3% and 90.2%, respectively. The conventional exergy analysis cannot provide such recommendations.

Objective·To investigate the status of early mobilization and influencing factors of the patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods·The convenience sampling method was used to select patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection of CRC in the Department of Colorectal Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January to December, 2022. The patients′ general information, disease-, surgery- and postoperation-related information, and the situation of postoperative early mobilization were collected by bedside interview and electronic medical record system at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after surgery. The influencing factors were analyzed by univariate analyses and binary Logistic regression.Results·A total of 277 patients were included. Within 24 h after surgery, 47 patients got out of bed with the early mobilization rate of 16.97%. The walking distance of these patients was 55.46 (18.28, 145.60) m within 24 h after surgery, with a minimum of 2.60 m and a maximum of 803.68 m. The average scores of Brown rating of mobility within 24 h, >24－48 h, and >48－72 h after surgery were 2 (0, 4) points, 8 (0, 10) points, and 8 (8, 10) points, which respectively belonged to the low level, moderate level, and moderate level. There were statistical differences in age, preoperative hemoglobin level, anesthesia duration, and the number of indwelling catheters between the early mobilization group and the non-early mobilization group (all P

This paper summarized the practice of integrated medical and nursing ward rounds for a case of severe pneumonia. An integrated ward rounds team was set up to determine key issues of nursing based on the prognosis, clinical lab examination and symptoms diagnosis. Targeted nursing interventions were carried out to reduce the risk of complications and improve the recovery of the patient. (本文总结1例重症肺炎患者进行医护一体化护理查房经验。由护理部组织建立医护一体化查房小组, 各专科学组就患者疾病转归、化验指标以及临床症状提出护理要点, 针对性实施护理措施, 以降低患者并发症风险, 促进早日康复。)

ObjectiveTo understand the internet media information of COVID-19 in Shanghai in 2022， to provide evidence for health administration departments to respond to public health emergencies， and to establish a comprehensive public health media surveillance system.MethodsData on internet media information and the local COVID-19 epidemic data in Shanghai from January 1 to June 30， 2022 were collected and analyzed.ResultsA total of 90.197 3 million pieces of internet media information were monitored. The top four sources of the information were Weibo （36.84%）， short videos （26.19%）， internet media （14.47%）， and forums （13.31%）. The variation trend of daily internet media surveillance information was identified with the number of newly reported cases per day， and a correlation was found （r＝0.770. After the seven-day moving average，r＝0.796）. Frequent keywords included Shanghai， cheer up， nucleic acid， new cases， local， asymptomatic， prevention and control， gratitude， isolation， epidemic prevention， supplies， pandemic response， patient， seeking help， and clearing the cases. Within the information on Weibo， in addition to netizens in Shanghai （7 823 100） who were highly concerned about the pandemic， netizens from Beijing （2 749 100）， Guangdong Province （2 352 300）， Jiangsu Province （2 189 100） and Zhejiang Province （1 532 100） also posted a relatively high amount of information related to COVID-19 in Shanghai.ConclusionThe outbreak of major infectious diseases triggers significant online activity， and platforms such as Weibo and short video platforms play crucial roles in disseminating internet media information. Weibo， short videos etc. are important platforms for current internet media information. Strengthening media information monitoring and analysis， paying close attention to hot events， taking timely response measures and actively engaging in risk communication contribute to the response and management of public health emergencies.

Objective To investigate the role and mechanism of bone formation caused by the ratio of advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) in rabbit femur defect model, which provides a new idea for clinical treatment of bone defect. Methods Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were divided into model group, 1∶1 complex group (A-PRF∶β-TCP=1∶1), 2∶1 complex group (A-PRF∶β- TCP=2∶1) and 4∶1 complex group (A-PRF∶β- TCP=4∶1）, with 6 rabbits in each group. Femoral defect models were constructed in each group. In the composite group, the bone defect was filled with composite material, while in the model group, no material was filled. After 8 weeks, the animals were euthanized and specimens were collected. Bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular separation (Tb.SP) and trabecular number (Tb.N) in femoral defect tissue were measured by micro-CT and photographed. Hematoxylin - eosin staining was used to detect the pathological changes of new bone tissue. The morphological changes of the new bone tissue were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Determination of phospho-mitogen activated protein kinase p38 (p-p38MAPK), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and phospho-cysteine aspartic protease-3 (p-Caspase3) in newborn femur by ELISA. The mRNA expressions of osteoprotegerin (OPG), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and p38MAPK were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The expression of OPG, BMP-2, RANKL, p-p38MAPK and p-Caspase3 protein in the new bone tissue was observed by immunohistochemistry. Results In the model group, bone formation in the femoral defect area was slow and osteogenic quality was poor. Compared with the model group, the bone formation and neocapillaries of femoral defect area in the complex group was good, BMD, BV.TV, Tb.Th, Tb.N were increased, and Tb.Sp were decreased, the expressions of p-p38MAPK, CHOP and p-Caspase3 were decreased, and the mRNA and protein expressions of OPG and BMP-2 were increased. The mRNA expression of RANKL and p38MAPK was decreased. Apoptosis in new bone tissue of each group showed the lowest apoptosis rate in samples of the 2∶1 complex group (P

Congential biliary dilitation (CBD) is rare biliary tract disease in clinic. Clinical classification and disease characteristics of CBD is the key of accurate treatment. Surgical treatment was regarded as the first choice for adult patients with CBD including traditional surgery. There is still a controversy in the strategy of reconstruction of bile duct during operation. In this article the progress in diagnosis and treatment of CBD was reviewed.

In order to rapidly determine aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEN) and deoxynivalenol (DON) in maize, a AFB1-ZEN-DON three-in-one combined detection method has been established. This quantitative immunofluorescence assay based on superconductor coating was used to detect multiple maize samples. Combined with the recovery rate, stability, detection limit, precision and other indexes, the applicability of the method were evaluated and compared with the results of liquid chromatography. The results showed that the AFB1-ZEN-DON three-in-one combined detection method had the good linearity in the range of 0.5~30 µg/mL for AFB1, 5~200 µg/kg for ZEN and 100~2 500 µg/mL for DON, respectively. The relative deviation of AFB1, ZEN and DON detected by this method was –2.84%~11.91%, –3.43%~18.12% and 1.83%~12.91%, respectively, which were within the allowable deviation of 20%, 15% and 23%. The detection limit of AFB1 was 0.41 μg/kg and the corresponding limit of quantification was 1.12 μg/kg. The limit of detection of ZEN was 3.22 μg/kg and the corresponding limit of quantitation was 9.15 μg/kg. The detection limit of DON was 35.42 μg/kg and the corresponding limit of quantitation was 100.84 μg/kg. Compared with the results of liquid chromatography, the superconductor coated immunofluorescence test strip method is an effective, practical, rapid and quantitative analysis method within the allowable deviation range, suggesting that it could meet the requirements of simultaneous detection of AFB1, ZEN and DON in maize.

Objective To explore the biological effects of electromagnetic pulse (EMP) with different high intensities on condylar cartilage in rats. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into a sham group (Sham) and an irradiation group (EMP1: 500 kV/m, 10 Hz; EMP2: 270 kV/m, 10 Hz). Then, they were sacrificed at 1 h, 3 h, 12 h, 24 h and 3 d after irradiation. The degree of cartilage degeneration was evaluated by HE, safranine O-fast green, type Ⅱ collagen immunohistochemistry and TUNEL staining. Immunohistochemistry and western blot were performed to detect the expression of the matrix degradation factors: matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS-5) and the apoptosis key factor cleaved-cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase (cleaved-Caspase3) in condylar cartilage. Results HE staining showed that, compared with the Sham group, a small amount of exfoliation was found on the fibrous surface layer of the cartilage after irradiation in the EMP1 and EMP2 groups. Compared with the Sham group, the percentage of safranine O-fast green-positive area decreased significantly at 12 h and 24 h (both P

Objective: This study aimed to control the degree of crosslinking and etherification in the preparation process of crosslinked hydroxypropyl starch and improve the product performance. Methods: Waxy corn starch was used as a raw material to prepare the composite modified starch （hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate, HDP） under alkaline conditions, during which process sodium trimetaphosphate （STMP） and propylene oxide （PO） was used as the cross-linker and etherifying agent, respectively. The effects of the addition level of STMP and PO on the properties of the Brabender viscosity behavior, transparency and freeze-thaw stability of waxy corn starch were investigated. Results: Combined with the preliminary laboratory exploration and the optimization of this study, a HDP with improved thermal stability, transparency and freeze-thaw stability and lowered gelatinization temperature was obtained. The preparation conditions of HDP were as follows: in the case that the amount of sodium trimetaphosphate was 0.30 g/100 g and cross-linking reaction time was 45 minutes, and the amount of propylene oxide added was 6 mL/100 g and the etherification time was 90 minutes. Conclusion: Compared to raw waxy corn starch, the cross-linked and etherified starches with decreased gelatinization temperature and improved freeze-thaw stability, thermal stability and gelling properties are observed.

Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a disorder of the autonomic motor or sensory system with well⁃defined symptoms, which covers functional movement disorder, psychogenic non⁃epileptic seizures, functional sensory disorder, functional cognitive disorder, persistent postural perceptual dizziness and so on. Its complex and diverse characteristics make the diagnosis and treatment of the disease and research difficult, so FND has long been a "gray area", but its high incidence, disability rate and high consumption of medical resources remind us that FND cannot be ignored. This paper reviews the current clinical classification of FND and the diagnostic criteria in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment by domestic colleagues.

In order to rapidly determine deoxynivalenol (DON) and Zearalenone (ZEN) in maize, a rapid quantitative immunofluorescence assay based on superconductor coating was used to detect multiple maize samples. Combined with the recovery rate, stability, detection limit, precision and other indexes, the applicability of the method was evaluated and compared with the results of liquid chromatography. The results showed that the superconductor coated immunofluorescence diaper method had the good linearity in the range of 100 ng/mL~2 500 ng/mL for DON and 5~200 µg/kg for ZEN. The recoveries of DON were 103.72%~108.17% in the range of 500~2 000 µg/kg, and 97.81%~111.27% in the range of ZEN 50~150 µg/kg. Compared with the results of liquid chromatography, the superconductor coated immunofluorescence diaper method is an effective, practical, rapid and quantitative analysis method within the allowable deviation range, which can meet the requirements of simultaneous detection of DON and ZEN in maize.

Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a kind of autonomic motor or sensory system disease with well⁃defined clinical symptoms. It has attracted the attention of many scientists due to its high incidence and heavy social burden, and many studies have promoted the development of FND. However, due to the late start of related research in China, clinicians, patients and their families have relatively weak understanding of the concept of FND and related knowledge. This article analyzes the current status of FND diagnosis and treatment in China, proposed the suggestions to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment for FND in details and enhance related study.

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic significance of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission computed tomography(18F-FDG PET/CT) detection in extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type(ENKTL). Methods: Forty-one pathologically confirmed ENKTL patients (from October, 2014 to June, 2021) received methotrexate, etoposide, dexamethasone and pegaspargase(MESA) regimen and pre-, mid-, and end-treatment 18F-FDG PET/CT scans were retrospectively analyzed. Deauville score (DS), maximal standardized uptake values (SUVmax) and the change of SUVmax (ΔSUVmax) were recorded for response assessment. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to assess the effects on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results: The median follow-up period was 45 months (range, 3-64 months). The rates of 2-year OS and PFS were 83.0%±6.0% and 76.0%±7.0%, respectively. The rates of 5-year OS and PFS were 61.0%±12.0% and 53.0%±10.0%,respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that pre-treatment Ann Arbor stage (P=0.002), mid-treatment DS (P=0.021), mid-SUVmax (P

BACKGROUND Multi-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) has been widely applied to accurate and precise measurements of isotope ratios due to its high sample throughput, strong ionization ability of ICP sources and high mass resolution. For decades, the standard-sample bracketing (SSB) method has been used to correct for instrumental mass bias during the measurement to achieve accurate results. When the content of the target isotope in samples is low, the measurement results are easily influenced by the background signals. "On Peak Zero" correction deducts the background signal from the total signal, which is an effective method to eliminate the background interference and has been widely used, but no research has been conducted to systematically explore the mathematical principles behind this correction. OBJECTIVES To establish a mathematical model for the "On Peak Zero" correction, and verify its confidence by applying it to isotope measurements of different concentrations of Li, S, Fe, Sr, Nd and Pb standard solutions. METHODS In this study, a mathematical model of the influence by the background signal on isotopic composition was established by mathematical reasoning and approximate substitution. Standard solutions of different concentrations of Li, S, Fe, Sr, Nd and Pb were prepared for the application of the "On Peak Zero" method through experimental analysis. Two types of blank signals were subtracted separately from the aggregate signals to simulate isotope measurements without and with "On Peak Zero" correction. RESULTS The results indicate that the lower the concentration of the target element, the greater is the blank solution signal influence on the accuracy of the sample to be tested, and the "On Peak Zero" method can better eliminate the influence of the blank solution on the sample measurements. The simulation results based on this model were consistent with the real experimental results in this study. CONCLUSIONS The mathematical model and the data explain well the effect of background concentration on the experimental isotope values, and are useful for understanding the application of the "On Peak Zero" method in MC-ICP-MS isotope analysis.

Objective: In order to efficiently extract resveratrol and to maintain the good antioxidant capacity. Methods: Resveratrol was extracted from grape skin residue using intermittent ultrasonic assisted enzymatic extraction. The response surface method （RSM） was utilized to optimize the extraction process, and the antioxidant capacity of resveratrol were analyzed. Results: The experiment results indicated that under the condition of buffer solution pH of 5.0, cellulase dosage of 1.3% and enzymolysis temperature of 57 ℃, the resveratrol obtained better extraction effect after intermittent assisted treatment with 300 W ultrasonic waves for accumulatively 43 min, and the average yield could reach 0.293%. The antioxidant analysis found that the resveratrol had obvious scavenging effect on DPPH·, ·OH and ABTS·, as well the total antioxidant capacity was better. Conclusion: The resveratrol extracted by intermittent ultrasonic assisted cellulase method, both the yield and antioxidant capacity have been greatly improved comparing with the single enzymatic method or continuous ultrasonic extraction.

Objective To investigate the effect of cognitive⁃motor dual⁃task on gait automaticity in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods A total of 45 patients with primary PD in Tianjin Huanhu Hospital were selected from June 2020 to December 2021. Cognitive single task, motor single task and cognitive⁃motor dual⁃task in the "off" and "on" states of dopaminergic medication were performed. The correct number of subtractions was recorded to measure cognitive performance. A three⁃dimensional gait analyzer was used to extract the parameters of stride length and gait velocity, and the dual⁃task cost (DTC) was calculated to measure gait automaticity. Results Compared with single task, patients with PD showed slower gait velocity (t=11.909, P=0.000; t=11.621, P=0.000), shortened stride length (t=9.027, P=0.000; t=9.991, P=0.000), while there was no significant difference in the correct number of subtraction (t=0.651, P=0.519; t=1.205, P=0.234) during both "off" and "on" states. In patients with PD, the DTC of gait velocity (Z=⁃4.148, P=0.000) and stride length (Z=⁃4.114, P=0.000) in the "off" state was higher than that in the "on" state, while the DTC for subtraction had no significant difference (Z=⁃1.005, P=0.315). The DTC of gait velocity in the "off" and "on" states of patients with PD was negatively correlated with the Mini⁃Mental State Examination (MMSE) score (rs=⁃0.474, P=0.000; rs=⁃0.461, P=0.000), but positively correlated with Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Ⅲ (UPDRS Ⅲ) score (rs=0.446, P=0.002; rs=0.428, P=0.003). Conclusions Patients with PD have a significant decrease in stride length and gait velocity, and higher risk of falling when performing dual⁃task. Dopaminergic medication can improve the gait automaticity of patients, and cognitive decline may lead to gait automaticity disorder in patients with PD.

The construction of market power regulation is one of the critical elements of the current market construction and supervision system construction in China. Firstly， this paper summarizes the detection methods， mitigation measures， and evaluation indicators of overseas electricity market power and compares and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of structural processes and behavior-influence methods. Then， the problems and challenges faced by China are summarized from the perspective of power supply distribution， power supply mix， network frame power flow， and bidding strategy. The paper analyzes the problems and challenges faced by China’s market power control construction. Furthermore， it points out that China’s market power regulation on the power generation side should take power plants as the primary control object. A regulation system that combines events before and after with emphasis on the behavior-influence method is established. Finally， from the market design and construction perspective， measures to mitigate market power are proposed， and an evaluation index system for market power is given to provide a reference for the construction of market power regulation in China.

Large sparse linear equations often appear in scientific computation and engineering.There are many iterative methods and preconditioning techniques for solving these linear equations.Diagonal-based incomplete LU (DILU) is a preconditioning technique similar to incomplete LU (ILU) factorization.DILU is applied in OpenFOAM,an open source computational fluid dynamics software,and is a very important preconditioning technique in OpenFOAM.DILU has not received extensive attention outside OpenFOAM,and there is no complete GPU-based implementation so far.This paper compares DILU preconditioned BiCGStab with ILU preconditioned BiCGStab,and the time elapses in preconditioner constructions.The numeric experiments suggest that DILU may be more efficient and stable than ILU.As for GPU-based parallel implementations,this paper discusses two parallel schemes,that are level-set scheme and synchronization-free scheme,and gives related algorithms and some codes under these two parallel schemes.It compares the performances of DILU preconditioning technique under two parallel schemes.The numeric results show that each scheme has its own advantages and disadvantages in different equations,and we can select one according to their performances in practice.This paper compares the performance of DILU preconditioning on GPU and CPU,and the results show that GPU is more competitive.The applications that have performance bottlenecks on linear systems solutions can be improved by moving to GPU platforms.

Objective To investigate the effects of targeted silence/overexpression of PGC-1α in the hippocampus on depression-like behaviors in mice and on the number of glial fibrillary acidic protein positive (GFAP+) astrocytes in the subregions of the hippocampus. Methods After adaptive feeding and sucrose preference baseline adjustment, 32 male C57BL/6 mice aged 6~8 weeks were randomly divided into empty virus group (n=14), PGC-1α silencing group (n=11) and PGC-1α overexpression group (n=7). The latter 2 groups were injected with adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated genes silencing or overexpressing PGC-1α in the hippocampus, respectively, with aid of stereotactic injection technique. Sucrose preference test (SPT) and forced swimming test (FST) were performed to assess the depression-like behaviors, and the number of GFAP+ astrocytes in each hippocampal subregion was accurately quantified in 3 dimensions by immunohistochemistry and stereology. Results As compared with the empty virus group, the PGC-1α silencing group had significantly decreased percentage of sucrose preference (P < 0.01), prolonged immobility time in FST (P < 0.05), and larger number of GFAP+ astrocytes in both CA1 and DG subregions(P < 0.05). However, the immobility time in FST was remarkably shortened in the PGC-1α overexpression group (P < 0.01), with the number of GFAP+ astrocytes in CA1 and DG subregions diminished (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the percentage of sucrose preference between the empty virus group and PGC-1α overexpression group, and silencing or overexpressing PGC-1α showed no obvious impact on the number of astrocytes in CA3 subregion. Conclusion PGC-1α is closely associated with the depression-like behaviors and participates in regulating the number of GFAP+ astrocytes in CA1 and DG subregions in mice.

In order to solve the problem of asymmetric large deformation control of steep coal seam roadway, taking steep coal-rock interbedded roadway in Zhaojiaba Mine as the engineering background, the asymmetric deformation mechanism of steep coal seam roadway was discussed by using the research methods of field observation, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, and the cross-border bolt-grouting differential support technology was proposed based on the cross-border support principle. The occurrence of steep coal strata leads to the unsymmetrical stress distribution in surrounding rock of roadway, which leads to the shear slip deformation of coal and rock at the top of arc, while the deformation at the top of straight inclined coal is relatively small. Different anchorage lengths and bolting-grouting methods are used to establish the differentiated cross-border support forms on both sides, and the equivalent thick anchor bearing structure of surrounding rock of roadway is constructed. The simulation shows that the surrounding rock stress is optimized, the deformation of roadway is significantly reduced, the settlement of arc roofis reduced by 39.0%, and the convergence of the side wall is reduced by 41.6%. Field industrial verification shows that the maximum crack depth of arc roof is generally reduced from 3.88 m to 1.50 m, which is 61.3% lower, the crack development depth of straight inclined roof is reduced by 47.6%, and the surrounding rock control effect is improved.

The friction and wear of mechanical parts mainly occurs on the surface of the material, and about 80% of the failures of parts are caused by surface wear.Friction and wear increase the loss of material and energy, and reduce the reliability and safety.Using laser cladding technology to prepare a high entropy alloy coating on the surface of the substrate can achieve a good metallurgical combination between the coating and the substrate, so as to achieve the purpose of improving surface wear resistance.The main factors affecting the wear resistance of the high entropy alloy coating are the mechanical and physical properties of the coating material (such as hardness, plasticity and toughness), defects generated during the cladding process (such as surface roughness, pores and cracks), friction conditions (such as high temperature environment and corrosive environment).In this paper, the influencing factors and strengthening mechanism of laser cladding high entropy alloy coatings were reviewed and summarized.First of all, the influence of laser process parameters (such as laser power, laser scanning speed, spot diameter) and post-treatment processes (such as heat treatment and rolling) on the quality and performance of the coating were explained.Secondly, the influence of component element selection, high temperature environment and corrosive environment on the wear resistance of the coating was described.Finally, the problems existing in the preparation of high entropy alloy coatings by laser cladding technology were analyzed, and the future development trends were forecasted, such as developing new materials based on far-equilibrium material design theory, using electric field-magnetic field synergy or laser-ultrasonic vibration composite technology to improve the wear resistance of coatings, etc.

Objective: An analytical method was established for determination of 13 kinds of bisphenols and alkylphenol compounds in liquid dairy products by salting-out-assisted liquid-liquid extraction coupled with HPLC-MS/MS. Methods: The salting-out-assisted liquid-liquid extraction pre-treatment method was adopted, and the detection was performed in the mode of negative ion source multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） by triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, and quantitative analysis was performed by matrix external standard method. Besides, the effect of extraction solvent type, selection and the usage of salting-out agents on the recoveries were studied and the performance of the method was evaluated. Results: The liquid dairy products were liquid-liquid extracted with acetonitrile as extraction solvent and 0.4 g sodium chloride as salting-out agents. The 13 kinds of phenols had a good linear relationship, and the correlation coefficients were all ＞ 0.99. The standard recovery rates of milk and yoghurt were 81.5% to 118.1% and 80.8% to 107.6%, respectively, and the relative standard deviations were 1.89% to 12.3% and 1.12% to 11.9%. The detection limits were 0.15 to 0.75 μg/kg, and the quantification limits were 0.5 to 2.5 μg/kg. One of the commercially available liquid dairy product was found to contain 4-NP, and the concentrations was 9.28 μg/kg. Conclusion: The established method is suitable for the rapid detection of 13 kinds of bisphenols and alkylphenol compounds in liquid dairy products.

The approved health food products in China were analyzed from the following five aspects: the number of approved products, the use of raw materials, the claim of health function, the distribution of dosage forms, and the index of signature ingredients. It was found that almost all Spirulina powder was the primary processed product, and the homogeneity was serious. Moreover, the characteristic components were different from those of β-carotene and phycocyanin specified in the record. Based on these problems, the healthy development of health food industry should be promoted by broadening the idea of product research and development, and then improve the synergistic effect of registration and filing.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the best thawing method of squid in storage and processing. Methods: Three kinds of squid were thawed by four thawing methods: low temperature thawing, ultrasonic thawing, flowing water thawing and hydrostatic thawing. The changes of sensory quality, texture characteristics, thawing loss rate, cooking loss rate, volatile base total nitrogen (TVB-N value), thiobarbituric acid value (TBARS value) and salt-soluble protein content (SSP value) of different squid were investigated during the thawing process. Results: Ultrasonic thawing took the shortest time, but thawing loss rate was high and the juice loss was serious; The low temperature thawing time was too long, with high TBARS value but poor quality; The loss rates of hydrostatic thawing and cooking were high, and the phenomena of protein degradation and fat oxidation were serious; The mastication of squid was better under flowing water thawing, and the loss rate of thawing was relatively low, and the characteristics of muscle structure were maintained well. Conclusion: Flow water thawing is the most suitable thawing method for squid.

The extraction technologies of plant essential oils were briefly summarized, and the functional characteristics of plant essential oils and the different application forms of plant essential oils in the preservation of fruits and vegetables were emphatically reviewed, including the essential oils nanocrystallization, the essential oils microencapsulation, and the essential oils combining with physical technologies and so on. This review could provide a theoretical basis for the further application of plant essential oils in the preservation of fruits and vegetables in the future.

After a major nuclear accident, emergency rescue can be carried out in a timely, scientific and reasonable manner with a quick grasp of the information on the distribution of emergency rescue forces, rescue supplies, and the population. In this study, a fundamental database system for nuclear accident emergency rescue was constructed based on a geographic information system platform. The system is used for the analysis and management of basic data on nuclear emergencies, geographic environment, emergency forces, emergency plans, resource safeguards, support forces around nuclear facilities, the construction of nuclear accident emergency reference documents, regulations, and standards, case analysis document. With the comprehensive application of advanced technologies such as visualization, digital maps, and human computer interaction, nuclear emergency data and maps are visually displayed, which can aid in nuclear accident emergency decision-making and technical support.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic progressive degenerative disease with gradually decreasing cognition. Because of the high prevalence, heavy social burden and wide interaction with others, the ethical issues are increasingly prominent. This article focuses on the details, such as disclosing diagnosis, breaking bad news, advance directives, hospice care and palliative care, and driving. From these issues, as a medical staff, we should know and respect our patients and their families sufficiently. We should make a reasonable treatment with patients and their families for a better outcome. At the same time, more propaganda about advance directives and hospice care should be taken for a healthier perception. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2021.04.005

In order to study the influence of scanning strategy on the printing quality and properties of the formed parts,unidirectional scanning along one axis (X-scan),unidirectional scanning with 90° rotation in each layer (XY-scan),strip partition scanning strategy with direction changes in each layer (S-scan), checkerboard partition scanning strategy with direction changes in each layer (C-scan) were chosen to print 18Ni300 maraging steel by selective laser melting (SLM) process.The effects of different scanning strategies on the surface morphology, relative density,microstructure and mechanical properties of printed parts were studied systematically. The anisotropy of tensile properties of different scanning strategies in different forming directions was analyzed. The results show that the print quality and properties of the partition scanning strategies are better than that of X scanning strategy and XY scanning strategy. The reason is that during the printing process, the partition scanning strategy can divide each layer of laser scanning into multiple areas for printing, which improves the condensing rate for each layer. Compared with X scanning strategy and XY scanning strategy, the scanning direction of the partition scanning strategy changes periodically, which not only helps to fill the bulge and lap gap of the upper layer, but also reduces the heat accumulation and improves the performance of the sample.

In order to solve the problem that the laser satellite terminal can realize the ranging function while completing the communication function, this paper designs a method based on the Delta-Sigma modulation to realize the laser phase ranging, which can integrate the functions of communication and ranging. Multi-frequency point phase ranging is used to balance ranging range and ranging accuracy. Multi-frequency modulation signals are generated using high-speed digital Input and Output (I/O) ports based on Delta-Sigma modulation without any Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC). Based on the Delta-Sigma modulation method, multiple frequency points for multi-frequency phase ranging can be generated at the same time, which is better than the traditional method of generating each single frequency point separately. Selecting the high frequency of 187.50 MHz and the low frequency of 1.50 MHz, the ranging accuracy can achieve 1 mm in the range of less than 100 m.

The decolorization of Qinghai flaxseed oil was carried out by the method of adsorption decolorization.The decolorization rate at wavelength of 665 nm was selected as the experiment indicator，and the effects of 3 single-factors (decolorization temperature，decolorization time and addition amount of adsorbent) on the decolorization process were studied.On the basis of single - factors experiment，3-variable 3-level response surface methodology were conducted to optimize the decolorization process.The results showed that the optimum conditions of the decolorization process were as follows: the decolorization temperature was 71 ℃，the decolorization time was 23 minutes，the amount of adsorbent was 4.3%，and the decolorization rate was 77.59%.

The T700/HT280 composites were subjected to vacuum thermal cycling (-140-180℃,10-3 Pa). The mass loss rate, dynamic mechanical properties and low-speed impact of composites were tested before and after vacuum thermal cycling respectively. The visual observation, ultrasonic C-scan and finite element (FE) analysis were used to analyze, characterize and simulate the low-speed impact damage. The results show that the mass loss rates of T700/HT280 composites and matrix resin are increased rapidly and then level off with the increase of the number of vacuum thermal cycles, which is due to the gassing effect. After the vacuum thermal cycle treatment, T700/HT280 composites show some degree of post-cure, thermal aging and partial interface debonding. The main damage mode at low impact energy is that the matrix resin is compressed. However, matrix cracking and delamination are deemed as the damage mode at high impact energy. The FE simulation results are consistent with the experimental results. As the impact energy increases, the absorption energy of the composites is increased. Under the condition of 30-40 J impact energy, the absorption energy can effectively characterize the environmental damage effects of vacuum thermal cycle on composites.

As a biodegradable material,magnesium alloys has been attracted by more researchers, recently. Due to good biocompatibility, mechanical properties and biodegradable absorption charac-teristics, it has been honored as revolutionary biological materials. However, current bio-magnesium alloy still could not meet the requirements of clinical application, due to its shortcomings of rapid corrosion rate and local corrosion. In this paper, the progress of bio-magnesium alloy in improving the corrosion performance was reviewed from the aspects of high purity, alloying, heat treatment process and surface modification. The paper makes a prospect on how to develop the biodegradable materials with better corrosion performance in terms of adding non-toxic alloying elements, proper surface coating, advanced preparation technology and heat treatment process.

BACKGROUND Akoya pearl is a biomineralized organic gemstone. The mineral composition and microtextural analysis, and the identification method of color formation of this type of pearl are still lacking. OBJECTIVES To identify natural gray pearls from treated-color gray pearls. METHODS The spectroscopic and textural characteristics of two kinds of seawater cultured gray pearls with white or gray nucleus were comparatively investigated by optical microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. RESULTS The gray pearls with white or gray nucleus had diameters from 5mm to 9mm, the thickness of 300-500μm. The nacreous layer and its corresponding nucleus of the two kinds of gray pearls were composed mainly of biological aragonite, and their corresponding nacreous layers were rich in Sr and poor in Mn. The pearl with the gray nucleus was rich in Mn. The valence state of Mn was increased due to irradiation, resulting in gray of the pearl core and the whole pearl. In general, the pearls with a white nucleus had an obvious reflection band from 300nm to 400nm in the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra. On the contrary, those pearls with a light or heavy gray nucleus had a reflection band from 400nm to 500nm. CONCLUSIONS The two types of gray pearls are all marine cultured pearls. The difference of ultraviolet absorption spectra of the two types of pearls can be used as a basis for judging whether the gray pearls are irradiatedly colored.

BLADE is the commercial name of a spin-echo imaging technique that uses periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction (PROPELLER) k-space trajectory. In this study, the efficiency of using BLADE to improve hippocampal imaging in mental patients was assessed. The hippocampi of 47 mental patients were imaged on a 3.0 T scanner along the oblique coronal orientation using the T2WI TSE and T2WI FLAIR sequences with or without the use of BLADE. The same four sequences were also used to scan a standard American College of Radiology (ACR) phantom according to the ACR standards. The hippocampal images were scored by two radiologists using a 5-point scale, in terms of motion artifact, pulsation artifact, perceptive coarseness and image quality. The outcomes were compared between the sequences by two-sample Wilcoxon tests. The images of the phantom were evaluated semi-quantitatively for high contrast spatial resolution (HCSR) and low contrast object detection detectability (LCD) by counting the number of hole arrays and spokes that could be detected. The results showed that, compared to the conventional sequences, the sequences combined with BLADE technique showed significantly reduced motion and pulsation artifacts (p

Different from the general recommendation system, the children′s picture book recommendation system suffers from a special cold start problem because children cannot accurately express their reading interests. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes a personalized recommendation technology of implicit inquiry. By implicitly asking children about their daily behavior preferences that they can answer more easily, the study then can infer children′s potential reading preferences and improve the accuracy of the recommendation system. Firstly, the expert information was used to design the implicit inquiry questions that are consistent with children′s daily behaviors. Then an implicit inquiry children interest model was designed and the children′s reading interest was predicted. Finally, a picture book recommendation list was generated. A comparative experiment was performed on the data set provided by the chain stores of picture books, the old John Picture Book Museum, across the country. The experimental results show that the implicit inquiry recommendation technology has higher accuracy and can effectively alleviate the user′s cold start problem in children′s picture book recommendations.

Graphene, as a rising star in materials science, is intensively studied in Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors, owing to its unique structure and excellent properties. The research status of the application of graphene in energy storage field was disscussed and the future development trend was predicted, and therefore to enhance the understanding of the structure-performance relationship of graphene and also the application of graphene in this field. Firstly, the application of graphene in cathode and anode of Li-ion battery, and the application of graphene in electrical double-layer capacitor and pseudo-capacitor were introduced. Secondly, the challenges of graphene in electrical double-layer capacitor were discussed and the ideal structure of graphene applied to electrical double-layer capacitor was proposed. Finally, the "three steps" to realize the commercial application of graphene-based electrical double-layer capacitor were put forward.