Search

Detecting and removing pesticide and veterinary drug residues in agricultural products are important for ensuring food safety. Current methods for detecting pesticide residues are mainly relied on sophisticated instruments, which require long detection time and skilled operators, limiting their accessibility. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are a hybrid material composed of metal ions/clusters and organic ligands. MOFs possess multiple functions such as adsorption enrichment, catalytic degradation, and fluorescent and electrochemical signal generation. Therefore, MOFs have great potential in rapidly detecting and removing pesticide and veterinary drug residues. This review introduces functionalities of MOFs: Enrichment and removal, catalytic degradation, fluorescence sensing, and electrochemical sensing, and then summarizes their applications for rapid detecting and removing pesticide and veterinary drug residues. Additionally, this article comprehensively analyzes the advantages and disadvantages about combining RGB analysis and portable monitoring devices with MOFs. Also, the challenges of applying MOFs to detecting and removing pesticide and veterinary drug residue are discussed. Overall, this paper provides a reference for developing techniques to rapidly detect and remove containments in agricultural products.

To improve the solubility and stability of lutein (LUT), this study utilized the electrostatic self-assembly method to encapsulate LUT within food-grade protein nanoparticles and composite nanoparticles derived from soybean protein isolates (SPI) and fucoidin (FUD). The impact of the SPI/FUD mass ratio on the formation of ternary composite nanoparticles, known as lutein-soybean protein isolate-fucoidin nanoparticles (LUT-SPI-FUD NPs), was examined. The preparation process underwent optimization through single-factor experiments and the Box-Behnken response surface methodology. Various characterization techniques, including ultraviolet spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction were employed to delve into the mechanisms governing the formation of these two types of nanoparticles to compare with their solubility, stability, and antioxidant properties. The results showed that LUT-SPI-FUD NPs with SPI/FUD mass ratio of 4:1 had an absolute value of zeta potential greater than 30 mV, a polydispersity index, and a smaller particle size. Under these conditions, the most favorable formulation and process parameters were as follows: A LUT/SPI mass ratio of 1:7.587, SPI mass concentration of 0.83 mg/mL, and a stirring time of 1.493 hours. Characterization analysis verified the ideal particle size and more concentrated distribution of both LUT-SPI NPs and LUT-SPI-FUD NPs, and the binding forces were the interplay of hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and electrostatic forces. Solubility, stability, and antioxidant assessments indicated that the conversion of LUT into LUT-SPI NPs and LUT-SPI-FUD NPs substantially increased its solubility in purified water by 350.74 and 432.42 times, respectively. Moreover, both formulations very significant (P

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a prevalent and aggressive global malignancy. Conventional surgical treatments, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies often fall short in halting disease progression due to inherent limitations, resulting in suboptimal prognosis. Despite the advent of immunotherapy drugs offering new hope for NSCLC treatment, current efficacy remains insufficient to meet all patient needs. Therefore, actively exploring novel immunotherapeutic approaches to further reduce mortality rates in NSCLC patients has become a crucial focus of NSCLC research. This article aims to systematically review the anti-tumor effects of interleukin-21 and follicular helper T cells in NSCLC immunotherapy by summarizing and analyzing relevant literatures from both domestic and international sources, as well as exploring the potential for enhancing NSCLC treatment prospects through immune checkpoint regulation via immunotherapeutic means.

Objective: To investigate the beneficial effects of phenolic extracts of Rosa roxburghii Tratt. on obese mice induced by a high-fat diet. Methods: The intervention involved administering polyphenol extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight per day to mice on a high-fat diet. The mice were orally gavaged continuously for 4 weeks, and various parameters such as body weight, liver index, histomorphological changes in white fat and liver tissues, serum biochemical markers, organ antioxidant capacity, and intestinal barrier function were examined. Results: In comparison to control group (CON), the MODEL group (MODEL) exhibited significantly (P

Aiming at the problem that the crack extension law of deep high-gas coal seams is not clear during blasting and permeability enhancement under the action of ground stress, firstly, according to the propagation and superposition of blasting stress wave, the stress distribution law around the blast hole under the coupling effect of ground stress and blasting was theoretically analyzed. Then, the crack extension characteristics of single-hole blasting under different ground stress conditions were investigated through laboratory tests, on the basis, the numerical simulation was carried out to investigate the crack extension mechanism and the penetration process of double-hole blasting under different lateral stress coefficients, and combined with the ImageJ image recognition software and LS-PrePost software, the effect of ground stress on the degree of crack development was characterized using crack density and extension length as a quantitative index. Finally, based on the results of laboratory test and numerical simulation, the layout scheme of coal seam blasting holes for cracking and permeability enhancement considering the influence of ground stress was proposed. The results of single-hole blasting laboratory test shown that, the ground stress can reduce the tensile stress induced by the blasting load and thus inhibit crack extension. Under the condition of non-hydrostatic ground stress, the tensile stresses orthogonal to the direction of the larger principal stresses were weakened, resulting in the inhibition of crack extension in this direction, causing the cracks to preferentially extend in the direction of higher stresses. The numerical simulation results of double-hole blasting shown that, when the lateral stress coefficient was not 1, the blasting crack expansion was directionality, and the main crack tended to expand in the direction of higher ground stress, resulting in an elliptical shape of the blast crack area, and the direction of the long axis and the larger in-situ stress were consistent. According to the results of laboratory tests and numerical calculations, it was advisable to drill holes along the direction of large ground stress to improve the effect of fracturing and permeability when blasting in deep coal seams. The research results are of great significance for understanding the crack expansion mechanism and optimizing the blast hole layout scheme when blasting for permeability enhancement in deep high-gas coal seams.

Binocular image stereo matching is a key technology to realize autonomous obstacle avoidance and visual reconnaissance of unmanned auxiliary transport vehicles in coal mines. However, factors such as high dust and unstable lighting conditions in coal mines can lead to Salt-and-pepper noise in the images collected by the visual sensor, resulting in a high stereo matching error rate. Therefore, a Census stereo matching algorithm based on the combination of threshold and weight is proposed to reduce the impact of Salt-and-pepper noise on stereo matching. The main contributions include: ① threshold processing is carried out on the gray values of all pixels in the support window to remove the pixels with maximum and minimum gray values in the support window and solve the impact of outlier on the weighted fusion; ② the four diagonal pixels corresponding to the center point are weighted and fused to replace the center point pixel. Select pixel points along the four diagonal lines intersecting at the center pixel, with step sizes ranging from 1 to 3. According to the corresponding steps, weights of 0.7, 0.2, and 0.1 are assigned. Multiply the valid pixel points among these 12 points by their respective weights, then divide by the sum of the valid weights. This process yields the reference value of the center pixel point after weighted processing, addressing the issue of traditional algorithms' dependency on the center pixel of the Census transform window. Consequently, this approach enhances matching precision. The experimental results show that the average error rate calculated by the proposed algorithm is reduced by 5.64% compared to traditional Census algorithms, and reduced by 1.71% compared to the mean-based Census algorithm. What's more, the average error rate under different noise levels calculated by the proposed algorithm is reduced by 15.93% compared to the traditional Census algorithm, and reduced by 16.62% compared to the mean-based one. In non-occluded areas, the error matching rate of our algorithm is reduced by 17.19% compared to the traditional Census algorithm and 18.11% compared to the mean-based Census algorithm. The proposed Census stereo matching algorithm, which combines threshold and weight, effectively enhances the robustness against noise, reduces the error rate, and improves matching accuracy.

In this paper, the radial basis function (RBF) neural network was modified by data assimilation method to improve the modeling accuracy of high-dimensional aerodynamics. A correction factor γ was introduced into the kernel function of the traditional RBF neural network. The correction factor was corrected by using the EnKF data assimilation algorithm, and it was applied to the high-dimensional aerodynamic modeling prediction of the CRA309 rotor airfoil. The data assimilation method adopts a non-intrusive method to correct only the correction factor of the kernel function without destroying the overall architecture of the neural network, which greatly reduces the optimization parameters and variables, and significantly improves the modeling accuracy and efficiency of the RBF neural network. The modified RBF neural network model was then applied to high-dimensional aerodynamic modeling, and the aerodynamic parameters were predicted by simulation data instead. The design results verify the feasibility of the prediction model. In the case of less wind tunnel test data, it has certain engineering practical value to improve the utilization efficiency of test data.

This study aims to understand and enhance the indicative significance of convective initiation (CI) products from Fengyun-4A (FY-4A) satellite for summer precipitation over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Using the convective initiation (CI) products of FY-4A and precipitation data from the Global Precipitation Measurement Program (GPM), and based on the correspondence between the CI samples identified by the FY-4A CI product and the actual observed precipitation one hour after identifying the CI in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region from June to August 2022, three categories of the CI samples, including no precipitation CI, weak precipitation CI, and strong precipitation CI, were divided. Then a CI class recognition model was established and the model performance testing was conducted by combining atmospheric convective parameters and geographic location information, two machine learning methods, decision tree and random forest. The results show that there are significant regional differences in the precipitation situation within one hour after the occurrence of CI in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau region, with a higher proportion of no precipitation in the northwest region and a higher proportion of precipitation in the southeast region. By utilizing atmospheric convective parameters such as lift index, total cloud water, wind shear, middle and low level humidity, cloud bottom height, zero degree layer height and so on, it is possible to better distinguish whether there is precipitation and the strength of precipitation after the appearance of CI in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The random forests identify model have better performance for CI classification than decision tree, and the use of random forests identify model can more effectively classify summer CI on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau according to precipitation intensity.

Objective Most existing studies on catenary system dynamics simulation are based on the assumption that the pantograph base has only longitudinal degrees of freedom, neglecting the influence of carbody vertical vibration induced by wheel-rail excitation on PC (pantograph-catenary) current collection performance. It is necessary to study the vehicle-pantograph-catenary system (hereinafter referred to as VPC) as a whole. Method Models of PC coupling dynamics and VPC multi-body dynamics are established for both rigid and flexible catenary types. Dynamic PC current collection tests are conducted on a case track, and the feasibility of the calculated results of rigid catenary VPC multi-body dynamics model is verified. Based on train speeds of 80 km/h, 90 km/h, 100 km/h, 110 km/h, and 120 km/h, two speed conditions are selected for the analysis of the vertical dynamic responses at the base of rigid catenary pantograph insulator. Comparative analysis of various dynamic response parameters of the pantograph models and VPC models for both catenary types are conducted under the above five speed conditions. Result & Conclusion The simulation calculation results of the established VPC multi-body dynamics model are reasonable. Carbody vibration has a certain influence on the pantograph current collection performance. Under flexible catenary, carbody vertical vibration has little impact on PC current collection performance, thus may be disregarded. Under rigid catenary, compared to the pantograph model without considering carbody vertical vibration, the PC statistically minimum contact pressure and the pantograph-head maximum lifting displacement calculated by the VPC model considering carbody vertical vibration increase with the increase of train operating speed. The maximum change rate of the PC statistically minimum contact pressure is 24.7%, and the maximum change rate of pantograph-head maximum lifting displacement is 4.2%.

In this paper, Cinnamomum cassia polysaccharide (CCP) was extracted and purified, and its physicochemical properties, antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities were investigated. The polysaccharide yield was optimized by the response surface test with three conditions: Temperature, time and liquid-solid ratio. Then the physicochemical properties of purified CCP were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis and other methods, meanwhile, its antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities were tested in vitro. Results indicated that the optimum extraction conditions as follow: Extraction temperature 90 ℃, extraction time 2.5 h, liquid-solid ratio 20:1 (mL/g), extraction twice, under these conditions, the average yield was 3.22%. The relative molecular weight of CCP was 1.95×106 Da, the total sugar content was 90.11%±1.24%, and it was stable within 230 ℃. Both Fourier-transform infrared and nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectra showed that CCP had α, β-glycosidic bonds and other structures, in addition, Congo red staining showed that it might not have triple helix structure. Activity assays showed that CCP had good scavenging effect on DPPH·, ABTS+∙, ·OH, with IC50 values of 0.191, 2.835 and 3.221 mg/mL, respectively, and the total reducing power value of the polysaccharide at 6 mg/mL was 1.18. In addition, CCP also had inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, with IC50 values of 0.189 and 0.340 mg/mL. In this study, a high molecular weight Cinnamomum cassia polysaccharide was extracted and purified, which had good antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities, which may provide a basis for the functional development and utilization of Cinnamomum cassia.

In order to improve the antioxidant activity of Zizania latifolia polysaccharides, sulfate it and explore the optimum modification conditions. Polysaccharides was extracted by water extraction and alcohol precipitation method from Zizania latifolia, then it was separated and purified to obtain a new type of water-soluble polysaccharide. Using formamide as solvent, polysaccharides were sulfated by sulfur trioxide-pyridine method. The degree of substitution (DS) was set as the examination index, the optimal sulfonation conditions were selected by response surface method. Through the free radical scavenging rate trial in vitro, compared with natural polysaccharides, to explore the changes of antioxidant activity of sulfated polysaccharides in vitro. The results showed that the optimum reaction conditions obtained as polysaccharide 100 mg, time 4 h, temperature 70 ℃, sulfur trioxide-pyridine complex 2.6 g. The optimum DS was 1.79. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the fastest weight loss rate of Zizania latifolia polysaccharides was 16.48% at 46.38 ℃, and the sulfated polysaccharides was 2.92% at 65.04 ℃. In the antioxidant test in vitro, the IC50 of free radical scavenging ability of Zizania latifolia polysaccharides to DPPH·, ·OH and ABTS+· were 3.49, 3.28 and 12.70 mg/mL respectively. The sulfated polysaccharides of Zizania latifolia polysaccharides were 0.39, 1.00 and 1.82 mg/mL respectively, and the positive control (VC) was 0.069, 0.17 and 0.077 mg/mL respectively. In summary, sulfation modification can enhance the thermal stability of Zizania latifolia polysaccharides and enhance its free radical scavenging ability to some extent.

To ensure the stability of broken surrounding rock under the influence of advance abutment pressure and the reliability of support system, the 21104 working face of Hulusu Coal Mine is taken as the research background. By means of theoretical calculation, numerical simulation and field measurement, a mechanical model of the elastic foundation beam for the deformation of the super front roof is established, the influencing factors of the bending deformation of the roof, the leading bearing pressure and the main controlling factors of the concentration coefficient are determined, and the advance grouting anchor cable reinforcement technology for broken surrounding rock is proposed. The results show that the roof elastic modulus only affects the roof deflection above the roadway, and the side elastic modulus controls the overall bending deformation of the roof. The advanced support pressure and concentration coefficient show a rapid increase followed by a slow increase trend with the advancement of the working face, and finally tend to stabilize. There is a 35 m high stress area in the grouting anchor cable reinforcement test face, the anchor cable has a high abundance coefficient, the surrounding rock deformation is low (

In order to solve the problem of poor permeability enhancement effect caused by disorderly expansion of coal cracks in traditional presplitting blasting, the influence of different opening angles of shaped charge blasting cartridge on permeability enhancement effect of coal seam was studied. By establishing the theoretical model of micro element closure of shaped charge hood, the velocity and mass changes of shaped charge jet were analyzed when the angle of shaped charge hood decreased; On this basis, the mechanism of penetration enhancement by shaped charge blasting is analyzed. A two-way loading gas-solid coupling blasting similar simulation experiment system was built in the laboratory, which can analyze the experimental model from multiple angles of coal macro crack and strain data. The common blasting and different shaped energy opening angle blasting simulation experiments were carried out on the test block of coal containing gas. The results show that the use of shaped charge can effectively guide the directional development of cracks in the opening direction of shaped charge compared with ordinary blasting; With the decrease of the angle of the shaped charge hood, the crack formed after shaped charge blasting is smoother in the direction of energy accumulation, the crack width also increases, and the section of the test block is smoother; According to the inversion results of the super dynamic strain gauge, the peak compressive stress of 60°, 80° and 100° shaped charge blasting at No. 1 measuring point is 1.52 times, 1.26 times and 1.08 times that of ordinary blasting, respectively, and the time to reach the peak stress of 60° shaped charge blasting is the shortest, indicating that with the reduction of the opening of the shaped charge cover, the upward energy concentration phenomenon is more obvious. Four different angles of shaped charge blasting were compared and analyzed by ANSYS/LS-DYNA software. The simulation results show that the effective stress of the shaped charge jet formed initially by 60° shaped charge blasting is the largest, and the crack generated in the direction of shaped charge blasting is the longest. The test and simulation results show that better blasting effect can be obtained by using 60° shaped charge. The research results have certain reference significance for the permeability enhancement of shaped charge blasting in soft and high gas coal seam.

[Objective] The structural reliability of the transmission shaft of guideway rubber-tyred train is crucial to the safety of train operation. During the ice and snow test on a certain urban rail transit line, the guideway rubber-tyred train failed several times resulting from the fracture of the transmission shaft. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the fracture causes of the transmission shaft and optimize its design. [Method] The causes of the fracture of the transmission shaft are analyzed from two aspects: macroscopic detection of the failure shaft section, physical and chemical detection of the failure material. A wireless torque test system is used to test the real-time load of the transmission shaft between stations 5-6 and stations 5-7 on the line. The test results are analyzed, and the structure of the transmission shaft is optimized. The strength test on the optimized transmission shaft bench and the fatigue test on the optimized transmission shaft are carried out respectively. [Result & Conclusion] The causes of transmission shaft fracture are identified as the overload brittle fracture of cross shaft and fatigue fracture of double coupling bushing. The test results from the above two line sections show that all the maximum torques of the shaft occur when the vehicle is slipping. Though the actual torque of transmission shaft is less than the designed maximum working torque, the impact energy on the shaft is much larger than the torque change value under normal working conditions because the torque changes within a very short time. The measures that are taken to optimize the transmission shaft structure are as follows: increasing the shaft diameter of the cross shaft, increasing the chamfer angle of the cross shaft arc transition, and further reducing the stress concentration. The strength of the shaft shoulder of the double coupling bushing is increased by adding the reinforcing rib on it. The strength test on the optimized transmission shaft bench shows that it meets the design requirements and passes its fatigue test.

In order to explore the corrosion mechanism of dual-phase X80 pipeline steel in the coastal soil simulation solution environment, the stress corrosion and electrochemical corrosion behavior of dual-phase X80 pipeline steel under different applied potentials (-750,-900 and -1 050 mV vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE)) were studied by using polarization curve, slow strain rate tensile test (SSRT) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that dual-phase X80 pipeline steel is the most sensitive to stress corrosion (SCC) under -1 050 mV potential. SSRT exhibits brittle fracture, with circular or elliptical pits visible on the fracture at the ferrite region. This is due to the diffusion of hydrogen atoms generated by excessive cathodic reaction into the steel and aggregation at the boundaries of ferrite grains. When the hydrogen pressure generated by hydrogen gas precipitation exceeds the material strength, circular pits are generated and become elliptical under tensile stress. Meanwhile, EIS of sample, under-1 050 mV has the smallest simulated resistance, indicatingits worst corrosion resistance. The external potential of-750 mV can provide some electrochemical protection, yet it is not enough to reduce the stress corrosion of dual-phase X80 pipeline steel. The external potential of-900 mV can effectively inhibit the anodic dissolution of X80 pipeline steel. The strength and ductility of X80 pipeline steel after SSRT under-900 mV are both higher than those without external potential, exhibiting ductile fracture characteristics . Its EIS simulationresistances are the highest.Therefore, the optimal cathodic protection potential of dual-phase X80 pipeline steel in simulated coastal soil environment is about -900 mV vs. SCE. The study on the stress corrosion behavior of the dual-phase X80 pipeline steel in the simulated coastal soil environment can provide a theoretical basis for its safe service and provide a reference for corrosion suppression and protection in practical application.

Objective The Fuxingtun deposit is a recently discovered large Ag-Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit in Horqin Right Wing Front area, Inner Mongolia. However, the researches on the deposit are very scarce. The study investigates occurrence characteristics of ore-forming elements, precipitation mechanism and genetic type of the deposit, in order to provide theoretical basis for the genesis of the deposit. Methods This study focused on sphalerite in different stages of the Fuxingtun Ag-Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit, and obtained metallography, major and trace elemental compositions of sphalerite, in order to discuss the precipitation mechanism of ore-forming elements and the genetic types of this deposit. Results Combined with field investigation and metallography observations, the metallogenic process of the Fuxingtun deposit can be divided into three stages: Cu-Zn sulfide stage (Stage Ⅰ), Pb-Zn sulfide stage (Stage Ⅱ) and Pb-Zn sulfide stage (Stage Ⅲ). The results of electron probe microanalysis show that the content of Fe in sphalerite varies greatly, and there is an obvious negative correlation between Fe and Zn. The results of LA-ICP-MS analysis showed that, the contents of Fe, Mn and In in sphalerite decreased gradually from Stage Ⅰ to Ⅲ, whereas those of Ga, Ge and Sb increased slightly. Based on the diagrams of laser ablation signal curve and the correlation among different elements, this study constrained that Fe, Mn, Cd, Cu In, and Ag in sphalerite are present as the form of isomorphism. On the other hand, Pb exists in the form of micro-inclusions, while Bi and Sb mainly occur as galena micro-inclusions in sphalerite. The trace element compositions of sphalerite grains also show that the periodic pressure fluctuation in the ore-forming process is responsible for the formation of oscillatory zone in sphalerite. We proposed that the multiple decompression and cooling of ore-forming fluids are the main mechanism of mineral precipitation in the Fuxingtun deposit. Conclusion Combined with the geological characteristics of the deposit and the trace element characteristics of sphalerite, it is proposed that the Fuxingtun Ag-Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit is a medium-sized, epithermal sulfide deposit.

With the increase of mining depth and intensity, the dynamic disaster of coal and gas outburst was frequent. The disaster-causing mechanism of impact force has become the main direction of current research. In order to further reveal the impact force evolution law and failure mechanism of coal and gas outburst under high ground stress. The self-developed simulation roadway system in the whole process of coal and gas outburst was adopted, and the monitoring technology of impact force and acoustic emission were introduced. The gas pressure in coal seam was simulated by mixture pressure of 45% CO2 and 55% N2. The stress of overlying strata and surrounding rock was simulated by axial and confining stress, respectively. Taking the outburst coal seam of Pingding shan No.11 mine as the research object to conduct the simulation test of coal and gas outburst. The ground stress with buried depths of 600 m, 800 m, 1 000 m, 1 200 m, 1 400 m and 1 600 m were considered. The migration process of coal-gas two-phase flow, distribution of pulverized coal and evolution characteristics of impact force were analyzed. The influence between impact force and gas pressure, critical gas pressure, effective stress of test, acoustic emission signal were obtained, respectively. Transformation characteristics of gas internal energy to impact kinetic energy, i.e., gas pressure to impact force, was analyzed from the viewpoint of energy conversion of coal and gas outburst. The results shown that, (1) The force condition and damage degree in embryonic stage of outburst affected the propagation characteristics of impact force in the roadway after outburst. As the simulated buried depth increased, the impact force evolution became more complex, accompanied by obvious pulse characteristics, and the impact force value increased with the pulse characteristics. (2) The pulse characteristics was divided into the stage of high and low frequency. Coal-gas two-phase flow in high frequency stage had the characteristics of rapid speed, high strength and strong outburst hazard. The outburst hazard in low frequency stage gradually weakened with the development of outburst. (3) The two-phase flow energy of outburst was mainly from gas internal energy. Part of gas pressure was converted into impact force. The strength of impact force was mainly determined by gas pressure. Deep coal, with high ground stress, was more prone to coal and gas outburst than shallow one. (4) At the beginning of outburst, the peak point of acoustic emission ringing count preceded that of impact force, i.e., the acoustic emission signal detected outburst hazard earlier. But the impact force was more specific to coal fracture. A steep increase in acoustic emission ringing count was accompanied by pulse characteristics. However, the appearance of the pulse characteristic did not necessarily correspond to a steep increase in acoustic emission ringing count.

A variety of phenolic and non-phenolic substrates can be oxidized by laccase using molecular oxygen as an auxiliary substrate. Due to the fact that laccase produces only water as a by-product, laccase is considered a "green tool enzyme" because it is environmentally friendly. Among the many industries in which laccase is used are sewage treatment, paper making, textiles, food, organic synthesis, biopharmaceuticals, detection, and ecological restoration. Compared to fungal laccase, prokaryotic laccase tends to have the following advantages: higher thermal stability and higher optimum reaction temperature, better suited to catalyse reactions under alkaline conditions, less sensitive and less dependent on inhibitors and metal ions, and more amenable to heterologous expression and protein engineering transformation. As a result, prokaryotic laccase has gained increasing attention in recent years. It describes in detail the origins, structure, catalytic process and physicochemical properties of prokaryotic laccase, its applications, and the recent research progress in this area over the past few years.

Central-Asian cyclone is one of the major synoptic systems that causes disastrous weather such as heavy rain, snowstorm, strong wind, and sand dust in Xinjiang. In order to deeply explore the structure and the formation of Central-Asian cyclones, taking a Central-Asian cyclone with typical northward path from August 11 to 12 in 2017 as an example, we analyze its activity characteristics and circulation situation, using conventional meteorological observations, FY satellite water vapor images, and NCEP reanalysis data. We reveal its vertical thermodynamic structural characteristics, with the focus on its mechanism of occurrence and development based on the quasi-geostrophic theory and the potential vorticity conservation. The main results are as follow. (1) The Central-Asian cyclone in front of the high trough at 500 hPa is due to the low vortex and shear line at 850 hPa and the divergence in upper atmosphere. Such condition and background is favorable to the occurrence of Central-Asian cyclone. (2) It can be seen from the water vaper images that the Central-Asian cyclone is in various stages from initial, development, and weakening, and the corresponding cloud systems in the three stages experience a transition from a baroclinic leafy shaped to a comma shaped, and then to a spiral shaped. (3) Vertical cross sections of physical fields in the center of surface cyclone show that there is an obvious cold front and a positive relative vorticity column at the beginning of the cyclone, and the upward motion is only located above the frontal zone. During the development of cyclone, the front intensified and steepened with strong upward motion both above and below. The positive relative vorticity at the lower level above the cyclone center increases, and the high positive relative vorticity at the upper level on the west side moves eastward towards the cyclone center. At the weakening stage of the cyclone, the front zone on its west side and the upward motion over and below the cyclone weakens, with the positive relative vorticity at lower level decreasing and the whole positive relative vorticity column becoming steeper. (4) The warm advection at 700 hPa increases significantly, the difference of vorticity advection between high and low levels increases, and the divergence at the high level strengthens, which leads to the occurrence and development of the cyclone. In addition, the subsidence of the high potential vorticity zone of dry air at the high level and the eastward moving of positive gradient center of potential vorticity contribute to the development of cyclone.

In order to study the evolution of the microstructure characteristics of coal with increasing axial stress, this paper used NanoVoxel-3502E X-ray three-dimensional microscope and Deben in-situ loading test rig to carry out uniaxial compression tests of coal to obtain CT data under different strain conditions, Combined with the three-dimensional visualization software AVIZO, extracted the pores and fractures of the coal sample, studyed the pore and fracture distribution characteristics of the coal sample, and statistically analyzed the microscopic parameters of the number of pores, sphericity, and coordination number, curvature, thickness and other meso-structure parameters. It revealed the spatial distribution characteristics of the mesostructure of the coal sample under uniaxial compression and its distribution law over time, and the evolution law of the mesostructure with the axial stress. Studies have shown that small fractures appear in large numbers from 20 N to 732 N, and the number of pores increases. During the process from 431 N to 732 N, the concentrated distribution range of pore sphericity became narrower. Some pores and fractures gradually merged into the fracture network, and some pores and fractures were compressed. Part of the pores were compacted at 732 N, resulted in a reduction of 90,000 pores. The curvature of the fractures gradually increased, the fractures gradually became thicker, and the coordination number concentration ratio was higher. It also showed that the coal sample was internally connected. 732 N was the pinnacle of fracture network development. When the axial force reached 1100 N (peak), a complex fracture network was formed. With the advancement of the uniaxial compression process, although some pores and fractures were compacted at 732 N, due to the increase in axial force and residual load, the increase of pores and fractures was an inevitable trend, and there were still small pores and fractures after the peak, but the post-peak fractures were thinner, and the sphericity was more concentrated in 1.5-2.0. The curvature of the interconnected fractures was generally higher at the edges of the fracture network, the edges of the fracture network were fracture development zones. This paper provided a feasible technical means for studying the temporal and spatial evolution of coal samples, and has practical significance for interpreting the temporal and spatial evolution of the meso-structure of coal.

Liquid culture method and mycelial growth rate method were performed to explore the antifungal activity of Bacillus sp. CmRh1 fermentation broth induced by Agar buffered Pachyman (ABP) medium against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in this study. The endoglucanase gene was cloned by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, heterologously expressed in Escheria coli and functionally analyzed. Physicochemical properties, signal peptide, transmembrane region, conserved domain, secondary and tertiary structure, and subcellular location of endoglucanase from Bacillus sp. CmRh1 were predicted by the online bioinformatics tools. The results showed that Bacillus sp. CmRh1 possessed the ability to produce β-1,3 glucanase and β-1,4 glucanase, and the fermentation broth containing glucanase displayed a certain antifungal activity against C. gloeosporioides mycelial growth. Besides, an endoglucanase gene (Glu4) from Bacillus sp. CmRh1 was cloned, and its open reading frame (ORF) was 1500 bp encoding a protein of 499 amino acid residues. Bioinformatics predicted that Glu4 was a stable hydrophilic protein containing a signal peptide and a transmembrane domain. The relative molecular weight of Glu4 was 55 kDa, and its theoretical isoelectric point was 7.14. Glu4 belonged to the glycoside hydrolase family (GH5) containing the carbohydrate-binding module (CBM_3). The secondary structural elements mainly include α helix, β turn, extended strand, and random coil. The tertiary structure was a typical β-sandwich structure, which was consistent with the structural characteristics of endoglucanase. It was predicted that Glu4 was located outside the cell. The results of combined SDS-PAGE with western blot showed that Glu4 was successfully expressed in E. coli, and its molecular weight was consistent with the prediction. In conclusion, E. coli BL21(DE3)/pEB-Glu4 had the ability to secrete endoglucanase, which would be beneficial to purifying, analyzing characterization of endoglucanase, and exploring antifungal activity of endoglucanase against C. gloeosporioides.

This study aimed to optimize the process parameters and hot-air drying characteristics of the cowpea under different drying conditions. Cowpea was tested under different conditions of hot air temperature, hot air velocity and number of layers of spreading material, and the best kinetic model was obtained by mathematical modeling of the test data using a conventional mathematical model. Response surface tests were conducted based on single-factor tests, and the cowpea rehydration ratio, color difference value and unit energy consumption were used as evaluation indexes, and the entropy weight method was used to determine the weights for comprehensive optimization of process parameters. The results showed that the hot air temperature and the number of layers of material spread had a greater effect on the hot air drying rate and total drying time of cowpea, while the hot air velocity had a smaller effect on the drying rate and total drying time. The Avhad and Marchetti model was the optimal prediction model, which could more accurately predict the changes of moisture content during the hot air drying of cowpea. The optimal process parameters for cowpea based on entropy weighting method were: hot air temperature 51 °C, hot air wind speed 1.2 m/s, and number of layers of 3 layers of spreading material, and the energy consumption per unit for the validation test under this process condition was 34.52 kJ/kg, the color difference value was 23.87, and the rehydration ratio was 1.49. This study could provide reliable theoretical data for improving the quality of cowpea drying and the design of drying equipment.

Objective To analyze the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection data of blood donors from 18 domestic blood stations, so as to investigate the HBV infection situation of blood donors. Methods The positive rate of HBV and its distribution characteristics of regions, the percentage of HBsAg+ ELISA in first-time vs repeated blood donors, and the percentage of HBsAg-/HBV DNA+ blood donors of 18 domestic blood stations during 2017 to 2020 were collected from the Working Platform for Practice Comparison of Blood Centers, and the HBV infection among blood donors were statistically analyzed. Results From 2017 to 2020, the positive rate of HBV in blood donors among 18 domestic blood stations was 13.48/10 000-144.02/10 000, with the average HBV positive rate in eastern, central and western region at 26.14/10 000, 51.98/10 000 and 41.00/10 000, respectively. The HBsAg+ rate by ELISA among first-time and repeated blood donors was 14.55/10 000-305.39/10 000 vs 1.04/10 000-87.43/10 000 The HBsAg-/HBV DNA+ yield was 1.80/10 000-35.31/10 000. Conclusion The distribution of HBV infection in blood donors has regional characteristics, and HBV prevalence was low in repeated blood donors. HBsAg ELISA combined with HBV DNA detection can better ensure blood safety.

In this study, cellulase-assisted steam distillation was used to extract essential oil from bergamot peel. Based on the single factor analysis of enzymatic hydrolysis pH, enzymatic addition amount, enzymatic hydrolysis temperature and enzymatic hydrolysis time, the extraction process was optimized by using Box-Behnken response surface design method. Moreover, the chemical compositions of the extracted essential oil were analyzed by Gas chromatography-mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Finally, the antioxidant activities of the essential oil was evaluated by the scavenging rates of ABTS+· and DPPH·. According to the research results, 3.11% yield of essential oil was achieved under the optimal extraction conditions: enzymatic hydrolysis of pH5.2, enzymatic dosage of 0.7%, enzymatic hydrolysis temperature of 52 ℃, and enzymatic hydrolysis time of 2.1 h. A total of 42 compounds were identified from the extracted peel essential oils. Among them, linalool acetate had the highest (14.72%) relative content, followed by d-limonene (14.58%) and linalool (8.89%). Besides, according to the results of antioxidant activity study, the essential oil extracted by this method presented good antioxidant activity in the experimental concentration range, and showed an obvious dose-effect relationship. The scavenging rate of ABTS+· reached 91.20% when the concentration of essential oil was 40 mg/mL; and the scavenging rate of DPPH· reached 93.19% when the concentration of essential oil was 70 mg/mL. Therefore, this optimized process has high yield of essential oil and can be developed as a natural antioxidant.

[Introduction] The present, design and construction technology of suction bucket foundation is not mature, and there is lack of the normative guidance documents, the special research on the key technology of the construction process control of the suction bucket was implemented. [Method] Taking an offshore wind farm project as the background, based on the measured data of orientation platform foundations, statistical analysis, data mining, process back in the inversion method and technology was used. [Result] The constitution and function of the complete set of installation equipment of suction bucket foundation and the intelligent and digital control system are described in detail. The control parameters and control standards in the construction process of suction bucket foundation of guide frame platform are discussed. The feasibility analysis and calculation method and parameter value method of suction bucket penetration/jacking are summarized. The key points and control methods of each link in the whole process of suction bucket from penetration to jacking and recovery are put forward. [Conclusion] Finally, according to the measured construction data of seven four-pile guide frame platform suction bucket foundation, the variation characteristics of control parameters and the control effect during the construction of suction bucket foundation are illustrated. It can be used for reference in the design and construction of similar suction bucket platform foundation.

To improve the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) performance of 316L stainless steel, the effect and its mechanism of complexing agent types on the CMP process of 316L stainless steel were studied. The influence of complexing agent types, including glycine, oxalic acid and citric acid, and their concentrations on polishing performance of 316L stainless steel were investigated with material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness Ra as indexes. Electrochemical workstation, contact angle measuring instrument and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were performed to analyze the affecting mechanism of complexing agents on 316L stainless steel CMP processing. The results indicated that only when the mass fraction of glycine was 0.2%, both higher MRR of 210 nm/min and lower Ra of 1.613 nm could be obtained. The inhibition effect of complexing agent with high concentration on 316L stainless steel MRR was because the complexing agent enhanced the corrosion resistance and reduced the oxidation rate of 316L stainless steel surface. The XPS results showed that part of glycine complex would be attached on the surface of 316L stainless steel to produce corrosion inhibition.

In recent years, with the large-scale and high-intensity mining of coal resources, the problem of water accumulation in mining areas with high groundwater levels has become particularly prominent, which has had a serious impact on the surrounding ecological environment. In order to provide scientific basis for the restoration of the ecological environment, the study on the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics and influencing factors of the coal mining subsidence area with high groundwater level were carried out. Taking the whole mining area of Anhui Province as the research subject, based on Landsat TM/OLI remote sensing data, the NDWI and visual interpretation method were used to conduct surveys on the water accumulation area in the subsidence area from 1995 to 2020 (22 periods ) and 12 months in 2020 (12 periods) and the spatial information of waterlogging in the coal mining subsidence area in Anhui Province in recent 25 years was obtained. Combined with hydrological and rainfall data, the factors affecting the spatio-temporal evolution of waterlogging in the subsidence area were analyzed and discussed. The results show that: ① In the past 25 years, the area of accumulated water in the coal mining subsidence area in Anhui Province has been growing in three stages: slow, fast and stable. During the study period, the average stagnant area increased by about 6 times, from 18.95 km2 to 118.09 km2, with an average annual increase of 3.97 km2. ② From the time scale, the evolution of accumulation area in the subsidence area can be divided into three stages: the first stage (1995—2005), due to the fact that most of the accumulation water has not yet stabilized initially, the growth rate is relatively slow, with an average annual growth rate of 4.65%; In the second stage (2005—2013), based on the rapid growth of coal mining, the area of accumulation water has also entered a period of rapid growth, with an average annual growth rate of 6.64%; In the third stage (2013—2020), the growth rate has begun to decrease, and the accumulation water has gradually stabilized, with an average annual growth rate of 3.42%. From the spatial scale, the accumulation water is mainly concentrated in Huainan and Huaibei cities, accounting for about 70% of the total accumulated water area. ③The long-term factor for the change of the water accumulation is coal mining volume, while the main influencing factor in short time scale is atmospheric rainfall. ④The logistic regression curve was used to establish a prediction model for the water accumulation area of coal mining subsidence in Anhui Province. It is predicted that the coal mining subsidence water area in Anhui Province will still be in a low-speed growth stage in the future. By 2030, the accumulation area in the dry season will reach about 130 km2. The high-precision water accumulation information in the subsidence area was obtained, and its temporal and spatial evolution laws and influencing factors were analyzed, which can provide a scientific basis for the treatment of water accumulation in the coal mining subsidence area with high groundwater level and the ecological restoration of the subsidence area.

Magnetoencephalography is a non-invasive technology for brain function imaging, which is of enormous value to brain science research and clinical application due to its ultra-high temporal and spatial trace resolution. In this paper, we introduce a self-built and atomic magnetometer based wearable magnetoencephalography system. By designing bi-planar coils system and combining with reference sensor array, the residual magnetic field in the subject's head movement area is controlled to be within ±1 nT, which ensures the sensors are maintained within their dynamic range during the moving measurement. At the same time, a virtual gradiometer-based noise reduction method is proposed to suppress the common-mode magnetic-field noise. Finally, the alpha rhythm and auditory evoked magnetic field signals with high signal-to-noise ratio are successfully detected under the subject's natural head movement and the effectiveness of the system is confirmed. This study could provide more possibilities for the application and promotion of moving wearable magnetoencephalography.

Hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction is closely related to cognitive deficits in vascular dementia. We reviewed the latest developments in the internal associations of hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction with cognitive deficits in vascular dementia, which mainly encompass seven aspects: abnormal mitochondrial autophagy, abnormal apoptotic pathway, oxidative damage, abnormal biosynthetic function, dynamic imbalance, imbalance of calcium homeostasis and abnormal respiratory function. According to the evidence, hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction may be a major cause of cognitive impairment in vascular dementia, which provides insights into the development of new ideas and effective ways for clinical prevention and improvement of cognitive function in vascular dementia.

In order to enrich the variety of space structure materials,expand the application range of Zr alloy.Zr-Al binary alloys with Al content of 2%,3% and 4% were melted in a non-consumable arc furnace and annealed at 750 ℃ and 800 ℃ for 4 h,respectively.The microstructure and fracture morphology of the alloy were analyzed by means of optical microscope,X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope,and hardness and tensile tests were carried out.The results show that the as-cast microstructure of Zr-4Al alloy changes from α-Zr and Zr2Al to α-Zr and Zr3Al phases with better plasticity after annealing at 750 ℃ for 4 h.Under the same heat treatment conditions,the hardness and tensile strength of alloy increase with the increase of Al content,but the elongation decreases.With the same Al content in the alloy,the hardness,tensile strength and elongation of alloy decrease with the increase of heat treatment temperature.A new Zr-Al alloy was prepared by adding Al to Zr and heat treatment,which provided a new idea for the development of new spatial structure materials.

Objective To observe the effect of retroauricular pedicle flap on repairing skin defect after auricle skin tumor resection. Methods From June 2019 to June 2021, a total of 8 patients with auricle skin tumor were admitted to our hospital. The skin defect left after intraoperative expanded resection of the tumor was repaired with retroauricular pedicle flap. Results All the wounds healed after operation with slight scar along with good color and texture. The auricle shape was satisfactory after more than 6 months of follow-up. Conclusion The auricle skin defect can be repaired with retroauricular pedicle flap after auricle skin tumor resection. The operation is simple, effective and worthy of clinical application.

Objective: As the most popular honey newly developed in the market, blueberry honey has attracted extensive attention in recent years. However, the quality difference of blueberry honey was large on the market because of the limitation of yield, in order to make people better understand blueberry honey, we studied the basic quality characteristics, antioxidant and volatile components of blueberry honey. Methods: The volatile components of blueberry honey were analyzed by GC-MS. The basic physical and chemical indexes of blueberry honey were determined according to the national standard method, the contents of total phenols, total flavonoids, proline, DPPH radical scavenging capacity and total antioxidant capacity in four blueberry honey were determined by spectrophotometry. Results: The test results of physical and chemical properties show that the blueberry honey LM17 collected from Changbai Mountain bee farm was a first-class product (high-quality honey). It did not contain BFF enzyme, SMR, SMB, BS, SMX, macrolides and mannose. It was a pure natural honey without adulteration. The total number of colonies, coliform group, mold count, osmotic yeast count were lower than those of the national standard of honey. The contents of cadmium, lead, coumaphos, fluvalinate and amitraz were far lower than the national standard index of honey or had not been detected. The total antioxidant activity of four blueberry honey samples from strong to weak were LM17>LM-MJ18ZH>LM-MJ18ZZ>LM18TH，there were significant differences in the contents of total phenols, total flavonoids and proline. A total of 60 volatile components were detected in the blueberry honey samples. Among them, 3-methyl-valeric acid, heptanoic acid, cis-linalool, and benzaldehyde belong to the aroma components, and the number of aroma components was more obvious than other scents. Honey (such as Elsholtzia rugulosa Hems L. honey and Linden honey) contained the same amount of aroma substances. It could also be inferred that the fragrance and flavor of blueberry honey should mainly come from these ingredients, among them, the volatile components shared by blueberry and blueberry honey were ethanol，benzaldehyde and octane. The 10 substances included 1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)-benzene, 1,2,4-trimethyl-5-(1-methylethyl)-benzene, (S)-(+)-3-methyl-1-pentanol, cis-5-vinyltetrahydro-α,5-trimethyl-2-furanmethanol, 5,5-dimethyl-3-oxo 1-cyclohexene-1-carbaldehyde, 3-(2,2,6-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-1-yl)-2-propenal, (E)-1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadien-1-yl)-2-buten-1-one，1-{2-[3-methyl-3-(5-methyl-furan-2-yl)-butyl]-oxiran-2-yl}-ethanone, 4,5-dihydro-5,5-dimethyl-4-isopropylidene-1H-pyrazole， 8-propoxy-cedrane were the unique volatile component of blueberry honey. Conclusion: Through the analysis of the basic physical and chemical properties, antioxidant content, antioxidant capacity and volatile components of blueberry honey, there were 4 kinds of aroma components in all volatile components of blueberry honey. Based on the study of basic physical and chemical properties, antioxidant, volatile components and aroma components, LM17 was identified as high-quality honey.

Generative adversarial U-net for coded aperture computed tomography (CT) is proposed in this paper to alleviate the tradeoff between the non-continuous sparse projections and the ill-posedness iterative reconstruction problem. A non-continuous sparse projection model is presented based on generative adversarial U-net and the corresponding joint penalty function is formulated. Simulations using real datasets show that CT images with 256×256 pixels can be reconstructed with peak signal-to-noise ration more than 30 dB at only 5% transmittance. Furthermore, the computational time in the reconstructions is reduced by two orders of magnitude when compared with the state-of-the-art iterative algorithms in coded aperture computed tomography.

Considering the support deformation of the gearbox，shafting and the thermal deformation of gear transmission system，the amount of gear meshing misalignment is calculated. Force analysis of the gearbox is carried out by finite-element software，the contact analysis of gear pair is carried out，gear shaft displacement is calculated by mechanics principle and finite-element node method，the thermal deformation of the profile contact line is calculated，and the change of contact displacement of gear profile by finite-element thermoelastic coupling is analyzed. The gear is modified and optimized，the experimental results are compared. The results show that the gear system meshing dislocation is the comprehensive effect of the deformation of each part； the gear modification optimization can help to reduce the gear system meshing misalignment，the gear shaft offset and the gear transmission error，and improve the stability and reliability of gear transmission.

In order to explore the vacuum drying characteristics of yam slices, a drying model was established. Vacuum drying tests were carried out under different drying temperature (40, 50, 60, 70, 80 ℃), vacuum degree (0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07 MPa) and slice thickness (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 mm). BP neural network model and Weibull distribution function were used to fit the experimental data, and the effective moisture diffusivity coefficient, drying activation energy were calculated. The results showed that the temperature (P=7.56×10−11) and slice thickness (P=1.82×10−6) had significant effect on the drying time, but the vacuum degree (P=0.32) had no significant effect on it. The average relative error of BP neural network model was 3.08%, which was lower than that of Weibull distribution function by 10.7%. BP neural network was more suitable to describe the vacuum drying process of yam slices. The effective moisture diffusivity coefficients ranged from 4.0042×10−9 to 3.4652×10−8 m2/s, which was greatly affected by temperature and slice thickness. The drying activation energy was 33.802 kJ/mol. This study would provide theoretical basis for vacuum drying of yam slices.

As an important intermediate link connecting the upstream refinery and the downstream market, the product oil pipeline network will have serious effect on oil supply if an accident occurs. Due to the complexity of the operation process of the product oil pipeline network, a comprehensive and systematic research system for the reliability analysis of product oil pipeline network has not yet been formed. For this reason, the relevant research progress of the reliability analysis of product oil pipeline was summarized from the two aspects, i.e. the reliability calculation of equipment unit and the reliability modeling of system in the product oil pipeline network, and the challenges faced during the research were sorted. Meanwhile, deep analysis was made to the research approach, evaluation methods and calculation methods of crude oil pipeline network, natural gas pipeline network, urban water supply pipeline network, heat supply pipeline network and power supply pipeline network, expecting to provide reference for the further research on reliability analysis of product oil pipeline network.

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.08.010

Background and objective As the morbidity and mortality in lung cancer keep raising, we are here to discuss the effect of clinical features especially the initial symptomon on diagnosis and follow-up treatment of newly diagnosed lung cancer patients. Methods The clinical features of the 500 patients with lung cancer in our hospital from March, 2017 to May, 2017 were analyzed retrospectively, including the initial symptom, stage, biomarkers, pathology, etc. Results There were 266 famle (53.3%), 372 adenocarcinoma (74.4%), 285 smokers (58%), status score of most patients (98.2%) was 0-1. 58.2% (n=291) of all the patients got biomarkers test, of which epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations was 61.2%(178/291), anaplasticlymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion gene positive was 4.1% (12/291). Smoking status, initial symptom, pathological typing, TNM staging and EGFR mutation were the main factors affecting follow-up treatment. Conclusion Patients with typical symptoms have shorter diagnosis time. Smoking status, lung cancer-related symptoms, pathology, TNM staging and EGFR mutation status are the main factors that affect the follow-up treatment.

Objective To estimate the accuracy and stability of capillary electrophoresis fragment analysis and clone sequencing in detecting dynamic mutations of spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA). Methods Capillary electrophoresis fragment analysis and clone sequencing were used in detecting trinucleotide repeated sequence of 14 SCA patients (3 cases of SCA2, 2 cases of SCA7, 7 cases of SCA8 and 2 cases of SCA17). Results Capillary electrophoresis fragment analysis of 3 SCA2 cases showed the expanded cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeats were 31, 30 and 32, and the copy numbers of 3 clone sequencing for 3 colonies in each case were 37/40/40, 37/38/39 and 38/39/40 respectively. Capillary electrophoresis fragment analysis of 2 SCA7 cases showed the expanded CAG repeats were 57 and 34, and the copy numbers of repeats were 69, 74, 75 in 3 colonies of one case, and was 45 in the other case. For the 7 SCA8 cases with the expanded cytosine-thymine-adenine (CTA)/cytosine-thymine-guanine (CTG) repeats of 99, 111, 104, 92, 89, 104 and 75, the results of clone sequencing were 97, 116, 104, 90, 90, 102 and 76 respectively. For 2 SCA17 cases with the short/expanded CAG repeats of 37/50 and 36/45, the results of clone sequencing were 51/50/52 and 45/44 for 3 and 2 colonies. Conclusions Although the higher mobility of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products containing dynamic mutation in the capillary electrophoresis fragment analysis might cause the deviation for analysis of copy numbers, the deviation was predictable and the results were repeatable. The clone sequencing results showed obvious instability, especially for SCA2 and SCA7 genes, which might owing to their simple CAG repeats. Consequently, clone sequencing is not suited for detection of dynamic mutation, not to mention the quantitative criteria of dynamic mutation sequencing. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2018.03.008

Objective To make the diagnosis for a patient presented with head tremor and cerebellar atrophy by integrating clinical features and accessory examination with genetic testing and to explore the interpretation of genetic testing results. Methods A 30-year-old male patient's medical information, clinical pheontype, family history and accessory examinations were collected. The next?generation sequencing (NGS) of exons in 3994 causative genes of Mendelian inheritance diseases and the family tree verification were carried out. China Human Phenotype Ontology (CHPO), Phenomizer, Ensembl and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database were used to interpret the genetic test results. Results The patient carried heterozygous mutation of spinocerebellar ataxia type 19 (SCA19) related KCND3 gene c.1057A > G (p. Ser353Gly), but his parents did not carry this mutation. The patient also carried heterozygous mutation of parkinsonism type 20 (PARK20) related SYNJ1 gene c.4436C > T (p.Thr1479Ile) which was also seen in his mother. Phenotypic similarity analysis showed the patient's phenotype was correspond with the phenotype of SCA19, and the variation locus of KCND3 gene c.1057A > G was highly conservative with homologous gene in different species. Conclusions By means of the integration of clinical phenotype with the result of genetic test, KCND3 gene c.1057A > G (p.Ser353Gly) carried in the patient is the pathogenic mutation. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2017.07.007

In order to improve the corrosion resisting property of ferrous metals in molten zinc, siliconizing, molybdenumizing and silicon-molybdenumizing are carried out on the Q235 steel surface by solid powder method. The infiltration layers’ morphology, compactness degree, microhardness, component and phase structure are analyzed. Moreover, the samples are soaked in the molten zinc bath at 470 ℃ for 26 h, and their corrosion rate is measured. The results show that the intermetallic compounds (Fe3Si, Fe3Mo, MoSi2 and Mo5Si3) with good corrosion resisting property are produced in infiltration layers. The addition of Mo element can promote the penetration of Si element in the infiltration agents, thus increasing the compact density of infiltration layers. The comparative results also prove that the silicon-molybdenumizing layers are more compact, especially for the sample with m(Si)∶m(Mo)=2∶1. Its corrosion rate decreases almost two orders of magnitude compared with that of the substrate, showing better corrosion resisting property. However, the existence of defects (such as holes) in the infiltration layers leads to the decrease of compact density, and the corrosion resisting property in molten zinc is also affected. Therefore, in the future studies much attention should be paid to the improvement of the compact density of solid infiltration layers, so as to further increase the corrosion resisting property.

ZnO and Fe-doped ZnO thin films are prepared on glass substrate by sol-gel method, and the surface morphology, structure and optical property are analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer. The results show that both films have a smooth surface and a hexagonal wurtzite structure with orienting along the (101) plane. Compared with the ZnO film, the surface of Fe-doped ZnO film becomes smoother, and its grain size decreases from 58.512 nm of the ZnO film to 36.460 nm. Moreover, after Fe doping, the orientation degree of (101) plane is weakened, and the optical band gap energy increases from 3.1 eV of the ZnO film to 3.4 eV.

Background and objective Clinical observation was conducted on the resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) gefitinib (Iressa) therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods Ninety-three NSCLC patients in our hospital, showing effective or stable condition after 6-month previous gefitinib therapy, were included in this investigation. Among the patients, 94.6% of them were suffering from adenocarcinoma. The percentage of female is 79.6%; the percentage of non-smoking is 80.6%. During the therapy period, follow-up was preformed every 2 months. Results Among the 93 patients, median therapy time was 16 months (range: 8 to 70 months), and 21.5% (20/93) of them had received therapy for more than 2 years, while 8.6% (8/93) had received that for more than 3 years. The progression included 80% (72/90) for intrapleural progression, 38.9% (35/90) for primary tumor plus recurrence after sugary especially, 51.1% (46/90) for intrapulmonary metastasis, 25.6% (23/90) for pleural metastasis, 30% (30/90) for intracranial progression and 15.6% (14/90) for intraperitoneal progression. Conclusion Resistance to EGFR-TKI shows diversification in clinical observation, therefore, close clinical follow-up is necessary for early attention and timely treatment.

Background and objective Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are routine treatments for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR mutation. Different clinical modes can be used to treat patients with TKI resistance, one of which is solitary progression. The aim of this study is to analyze available treatments for patients undergoing solitary progression. Methods Clinical data of 45 patients with advanced NSCLC who received local radiotherapy combined with EGFR-TKI after solitary progression were reviewed and analyzed. Results Among the 45 patients, 11 showed partial response, 23 achieved stable disease state, and 11 experienced progressive disease. The median of progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.9 months. Conclusion Local therapies combined with EGFR-TKIs can prolong the PFS of patients with NSCLC who exhibited solitary progression during EGFR-TKI treatment.

Background and objective Once the malignant pleural or peritoneal effusion is developed it is difficult to control. This report presents a new method for controlling the malignant effusions. Methods Forty-eight patients, 29 males and 19 females with an average age of 61.2 years old, who were satisfied with the study inclusion criteria, were recruited in this study. Twenty-seven and 21 patients had a malignant pleural and peritoneal effusion, respectively. After draining most of fluids, these patients received intra-cavity infusion of rAd-p53 once per week for 4 weeks, at dose of 2×1012 viral particles (VP) diluted into 200 mL of saline solution for pleural effusions, and 4×1012 VP diluted into 500 mL of saline solution for peritoneal effusions. Results Participants were followed up for a median time of 13.6 month. A total of 11 cases, 7 with pleural effusions and 4 with peritoneal effusions achieved a complete response (CR), and 20 cases (12 pleural effusions and 8 peritoneal effusions) had a partial response (PR). The overall response rate is 64.6%. Patients’ quality of life, assessed by using Karnofsky performance scale (KPS) scores, was improved by an average of 26.4. The one-year of overall survival rate was 54.2% with a median survival time of 12.5 months. There were no serious side effects observed except for self-limited fever found in 79.8% of the cases. Conclusions Intra-cavity infusion of rAd-p53 is an effective and safe treatment for the patients with malignant pleural or peritoneal effusions, especially for those patients who can’t tolerate the standard treatments.

Reservoir characterization in mature oil fields with high water cut faces the challenges of small geological bodies, large well density, and data acquisition spreading over long periods. To solve these problems, systematic research on seismic reservoir characterization was carried out, and a technical solution was proposed based on well-controlled seismic data processing, well-controlled seismic data interpretation and well-constrained seismic inversion. This technical route includes five suites of key technologies. (1) Rock physics analysis, including seismic reservoir-prediction-oriented well log processing and interpretation, rock physics modeling and its application, selection of parameters sensitive to lithology, physical property and hydrocarbon. (2) Well-controlled seismic data processing, including well-controlled high-resolution data processing, amplitude-preserved data processing and quality control. (3) Well-controlled fine structure interpretation, including well-controlled minor fault interpretation, well-controlled seismic horizon tracing and well-controlled structure mapping. (4) Well-constrained seismic inversion, including deterministic inversion and stochastic inversion. (5) Seismic-constrained reservoir modeling and numerical simulation. Despite the high well density in a high water cut oil field, reservoirs between wells cannot be clearly defined by known well data. The effect of seismic reservoir characterization can be improved significantly only by bringing dense well data into full play and through multi-disciplinary approaches. Key words: well-seismic conformity, rock physics, well-control processing, well-control interpretation, seismic stochastic inversion, seismic and reservoir engineering integration

Objective To establish eukaryotic expression system of full ⁃ length gene in normal [CAG repeats (Q19)] and abnormal [CAG repeats (Q82 and Q66)] atrophin ⁃ 1 [the pathogenic gene of dentatorubral⁃pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA)]. To compare the expression system of stable and transient transfected cell line by observing the cellular appearance and atrophin⁃1 fusion protein expression and its distribution for further research on the establishment of a fine cell model. Methods Based on the 2 established stable transfected green⁃fluoresent protein (GFP)⁃atrophin⁃1⁃Q19/Flp⁃In TREx293 and GFP⁃ atrophin ⁃ 1 ⁃ Q82/Flp ⁃ In TREx293 cell lines, Tet ⁃ on system was used to induce the expression, which contained normal and abnormal atrophin ⁃ 1 full ⁃ length gene and GFP fusion proteins, respectively. Meanwhile, GFP ⁃ atrophin ⁃ 1 ⁃ Q19 and GFP ⁃ atrophin ⁃ 1 ⁃ Q66 recombinant plasmids were transiently transfected into 293T cells and SH⁃SY5Y cells respectively with LipofectamineTM 2000. The expression and localization of normal and abnormal atrophin ⁃ 1 fusion proteins in the cells were detected by light microscope with HE staining and fluorescence microscope; the ultrastructure of the cells were observed by electron microscope; the expression of GFP ⁃ atrophin ⁃ 1 fusion proteins were detected by Western blotting. Results In stable transfected system, the green fluorescence signals were detected in the nucleus, and abnormal proteins were not uniformly distributed while some were aggregated. Electron microscope showed shrinkaged nuclear membrane and abnormal intranuclear structure in abnormal cells. In transient transfection of 293T, Q66 protein aggregated in the nucleus which was detected as acidophilic bodies by HE staining⁃light microscope and atrophin⁃1 fusion protein as punctuate pattern by fluorescence microscope. Under the observation of electron microscope, great quantity of electron ⁃ dense substance accumulation, distinct shrinkage nuclear membrane and nucleus disappearance were seen in abnormal cells. The expression of GFP ⁃ atrophin ⁃ 1 fusion proteins were detected by Western blotting. The location of protein expression and Western blotting results in transient transfected SH⁃SY5Y cells system were essentially similar to those in transfected 293T cells. Conclusion In eukaryotic cell expression system, atrophin⁃1 with amplified polyglutamine chain may induce obvious aberrant aggregation in nucleus, and alteration of cellular appearance. The establishment of atrophin⁃1 expression eukaryotic cell model will provide the foundation for the research of pathogenesis of DRPLA, and therotic basis for further investigation of clincial intervention. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2011.01.016

Background and objective The patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) might contract anemia, however, whether anemia is one of the independent prognostic factors to the patients with NSCLC is still controversial. So the aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between anemia and overall survival (OS) in patients with NSCLC. Methods 1 018 patients with operable NSCLC were retrospectively analyzed in our hospital from January 2000 to December 2008. Results The occurrence of anemia before operation was 252/1 018 (24.1%). The OS in NSCLC patients without anemia was (2 425.98±50.03) days, and the OS in patients with anemia was (2 107.15±93.86) days. There was significant difference in the OS between them (P=0.001). The patients with anemia in stage I had shorter survival time than those without anemia (P < 0.001). But there was no difference in other stage patients. TNM stage, gender, tumor size and lymph nodes metastasis were correlated with OS using Cox regression analysis. Conclusion Anemia is correlated with survival in operable NSCLC patients. Moreover, it is an independent prognostic factor in NSCLC patients with stage I.