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Objective: To explore the relationship between insomnia and osteoporosis. Methods: Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis were used in this study. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to insomnia from genome-wide association analysis research data were selected as the instrumental variables by using inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, weighted median method, maximum likelihood, penalized weighted median estimator, and Mendelian randomization robust adjusted profile score (MR-RAPS) to determine the causal relationship between insomnia and osteoporosis. Odds ratio ( OR ) and 95% confidence interval ( CI ) values were used to evaluate the association between insomnia and osteoporosis. Cochran's Q -test was used to detect heterogeneity of SNPs, MR-Egger regression was used to test for level pleiotropy, and the leave-one-out method was used to test sensitivity, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) method and radial MR were used to detect erroneous outliers. Results: The screening criteria were set based on the three major assumptions of MR; finally, 31 SNPs were included in the MR analysis. The results of MR causal effect analysis using the IVW method showed that insomnia increased the risk of osteoporosis by about 0.7% ( OR =1.007, 95% CI 1.001-1.014, P =0.044); heterogeneity testing showed heterogeneity between SNPs ( Q =57.91, P <0.001); and the MR- Egger intercept test did not indicate horizontal pleiotropy in this study (intercept value=3.807×10 -5 , P =0.888). Leave-one-out method showed that no single SNP had a significant impact on the overall results. No abnormal SNP was detected according to the MR-PRESSO results ( P =0.059), and radial MR did not detect any outliers. Conclusion: Mendelian randomization analysis showed that insomnia can increase the risk of osteoporosis.

Objective: To explore the characteristics of adverse drug reactions during the 24-week therapy with delamanid-containing regimen for patients with multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR/RR-PTB). Methods: The prospective multicenter study was conducted from June 2020 to June 2023. A total of 608 eligible patients with MDR/RR-PTB were enrolled in 26 tuberculosis medical institutions in China including 364 males and 79 females, aged 39.6(19.0-68.0) years. Patients were treated with chemotherapy regimens containing delamanid. Patients were closely supervised during treatment of medication, and all adverse reactions occurring during treatment were monitored and recorded. The clinical characteristics of adverse reactions were evaluated by descriptive analysis. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the related factors of QTcF interval prolongation (QT corrected with Fridericia's formula). Results: Of the 608 patients enrolled in this study, 325 patients (53.5%) reported 710 adverse events within 24 weeks of treatment. The top 6 most common complications were hematological abnormalities (143 patients, 23.5%), QT prolongation (114 patients, 18.8%), liver toxicity (85 patients, 14.0%), gastrointestinal reaction (41 patients, 6.7%), peripheral neuropathy (25 patients, 4.1%) and mental disorders (21 patients, 3.5%). The prolongation of QT interval mostly occurred in the 12th week after the first dose of medication. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 21 patients (3.5%). There were 7 patients (1.2%) with mental disorders, including 2 patients (0.3%) with severe mental disorders. Conclusions: The safety of dalamanid-based regimen in the staged treatment of MDR/RR-PTB patients was generally good, and the incidence of adverse reactions was similar to that reported in foreign studies. This study found that the incidence of QT interval prolongation in Chinese patients was higher than that reported overseas, suggesting that the monitoring of electrocardiogram should be strengthened when using drugs containing delamanid that may cause QT interval prolongation.

Objective: To explore the efficacy of arthroscopic release in treating postoperative knee adhesion and investigate the influence of release timing on the treatment outcomes. Methods: A total of 50 patients who accepted arthroscopic release in Peking University Third Hospital from February 2017 to December 2021 were included in the retrospective cohort. The study cohort comprised 28 men and 22 women, with a mean age of (30.8±11.9) years. All the primary surgeries were manipulated under arthroscopes. A comparison was made between pre-and postoperative range of motion (ROM), visual analog scale (VAS), International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores, and Tegner activity scale scores for the patients. According to the interval between the appearance of adhesion and arthroscopic release, the patients were divided into four groups:<3 months group ( n =12), 3-6 months group ( n =16),>6-12 months group ( n =14), and>12 months group ( n =8). Inter-group comparisons on postoperative ROM, IKDC scores, and Tegner activity scale scores and improvement values of each outcome were conducted. Results: All the patients were followed up for (36.4±19.7) months. Patients gained significant improvement in flexion, extension, IKDC scores, and Tegner scores (125.0°±20.0° vs 75.7°±27.5°, 2.3°±4.8° vs 7.4°±7.3°, 69.8±17.7 vs 51.4±12.8, 4.1±2.1 vs 2.2±1.1) (all P <0.05), while the VAS scores did not show significant improvement. There were no significant differences among different groups in postoperative extension, IKDC scores or Tegner scores, nor in their improvements. However, patients in the ≤6 months group could gain better postoperative flexion and improvement in flexion than those in the >6 months group (129.9°±20.0° vs 118.8°±17.4°, 58.6°±32.8° vs 37.3°±23.1°) ( P <0.05). Conclusions: Arthroscopic release presents a great effect in treating knee adhesion after arthroscopic operation. Once the symptoms of adhesion appear and physical rehabilitation fails to improve the ROM, one should accept early surgical intervention (less than 6 months) for a better outcome.

Objective: To provide insight into the diagnosis for clinicians, the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment history of 3 patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) and testicular adrenal rest tumors (TART) were analyzed. Methods: The clinical, laboratory and imaging data of 3 male patients with 21-OHD and TART, confirmed with CYP21 gene sequencing, from May 2010 to May 2021 in the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. The treatment strategy and clinical outcome were followed up. Results: All the 3 patients were first diagnosed with bilateral adrenal mass at the age of 27-42 years old. They were 145-162 cm tall. The levels of progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) of the 3 patients were relatively high, and that of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) of the 3 patients were low. Testosterone level of 1 patient was significantly elevated, and that of the other 2 patients was below the lower limit of normal range. Testicular ultrasound showed heterogeneous hyperechoic masses in both testes. CT of the adrenal glands showed bilateral adrenal enlargement with mass. All 3 patients were treated with dexamethasone. After 4-96 months of follow-up, 17-hydroxyprogesterone level was kept above the median normal level. One of the patients got married and had a baby after treatment. The sizes of adrenal hyperplasia and testicular masses reduced to various degrees with the change of the testicular masses being proportional to that of adrenal hyperplasia. Conclusions: Patients with 21-OHD are prone to have TART, leading to the impaired testicular function. Early glucocorticold therapy is beneficial to the reduction of TART and restoration of testicular function.

Objective: To assess the mid-to-long term clinical outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) revision surgery and to analyze their predictors., Methods: The medical records of 235 patients undergoing ACL revision surgery between Jan. 2001 and Dec. 2015 at Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital were reviewed. Data were collected including demographic information, information related to revision surgery (time and cause of graft failure, date of revision surgery, surgical technique, combined injuries and management, etc .), as well as information related to primary ACL reconstruction (time, cause and mechanism of first-time ACL rupture, date of primary ACL reconstruction, surgical technique, combined injuries and management, etc .). Patients were followed up at least 2 years after revision surgery for clinical outcomes [Tegner score, Lysholm score, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective knee score]. Post-revision surgeries on the involved knee and the contralateral knee joint were also documented. Multivariate regression model was used to analyze the predictors of clinical outcomes after ACL revision surgery., Results: A total of 166 (70.63%) patients were followed up at a mean of (4.44±2.40) years (2.03-14.63 years). Clinical outcomes improved significantly at the last follow-up from pre-operative level, with the Lysholm, Tegner, and IKDC scores improving from 70.51±21.25, 3.39±1.77, 63.78±15.04 to 88.64±14.36, 4.67±1.739, 80.23±13.31 ( P < 0.05), respectively. Three (1.81%) patients experienced infection while 39 (23.49%) patients underwent surgery after revision surgery during the follow-up. Compared with that those occurred during sports, graft failure that occurred during daily activities or due to surgical technical errors that led to poorer clinical outcomes, with the Lysholm, Tegner, and IKDC scores of 9.90 (95% CI : 1.49-18.31), 1.41 (95% CI : 0.10-2.72), 10.35 (95% CI : 0.17-20.54), and 8.53 (95% CI : 1.31-15.75), 1.28 (95% CI : 0.14-2.43), 9.39 (95% CI : 1.03-17.74) lower, respectively. Compared with antero-medial portal, transtibial technique for placement of the femoral bone tunnel showed poorer Lysholm scores of 11.18 (95% CI : 4.73-17.63, P =0.001). Concurrent repair of medial meniscus yielded higher IKDC scores of 11.06 (95% CI : 1.21-20.92, P =0.029) than those with intact medical meniscus. Other factors showed no significant effect., Conclusion: ACL revision surgery is able to restore knee stability and improve knee function. Graft failure caused by sports, concurrent repair of medical meniscus and antero-medial portal technique predicts better outcomes after revision surgery.

Objective: To analyze clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of pregnancy-related lymphocytic hypophysitis (LyH). Methods: The clinical data of 16 cases diagnosed as pregnancy-related LyH at Chinese PLA General Hospital between October 2010 and November 2019 were reviewed. Results: Sixteen patients were included (aged 20-40 years). All patients' symptoms occurred from the last 2 months of pregnancy to 12 months postpartum, with 6 cases in the third trimester and 10 cases during postpartum, and all the patients were diagnosed after delivery. Six patients had lymphocytic adenohypophysitis (LAH), 4 patients had lymphocytic infundibuloneurohypophysitis (LINH), 4 patients had lymphocytic panhypophysitis (LPH), and 2 had lymphocytic hypothalamitis. Eight patients presented with symptoms of intracranial space-occupying lesions, 14 patients had symptoms of anteriorpituitary hormone deficiencies, 9 patients had central diabetes insipidus (CDI), and 2 had hyperprolactinemia. Pituitary MRI showed that the pituitary presented with diffuse enlargement, pituitary stalk thickening, disappearing of high-intensity signals in posterior pituitary and space-occupying lesions in the infundibulum of hypothalamus. Nine patients were treated with immunosuppressive agent, 3 patients alleviated the space-occupying effects after surgery, and 4 patients recovered spontaneously. Fourteen patients were followed up with a period of 3-98 months. Four patients had a relapse, 2 patients had a complete remission, and 12 patients needed long-term hormone replacement therapy. Conclusions: Clinical manifestations of pregnancy-related LyH are diverse. LyH should be suspected in pregnant or postpartum women with a sellar mass to avoid missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. Immunosuppressant therapy is effective. Overall, LyH patients have a favorable prognosis.

Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy and drug safety between oral apatinib combined with conventional chemotherapy and conventional chemotherapy alone for the treatment of osteosarcoma and soft tissue sarcoma patients with pulmonary metastasis. Methods: Thirty-three osteosarcoma and soft tissue sarcoma patients with pulmonary metastasis who were treated in the Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University from January 2015 to December 2017 were enrolled in this study. Patients with osteosarcoma received methotrexate, adriamycin (ADM), cisplatin (CDDP), ifosfamide (IFO) sequential regimen; patients with soft tissue sarcoma were treated with IFO and ADM regimen. Eighteen of these patients received an additional oral dose of apatinib. The patients were followed up regularly for changes in primary tumors and metastases, adverse reactions and prognosis. Results: Before treatment, the maximum diameter of pulmonary metastases in patients of apatinib group and routine treatment group were (4.46±1.70) cm and (4.53±2.00) cm, respectively, without significant difference ( P =0.909). After treatment, the maximum diameter of pulmonary metastases in patients of apatinib group was (1.46±1.39) cm, significantly smaller than (3.02±1.20) cm of routine treatment group ( P =0.002). After treatment, the maximum diameter of the primary lesions in the apatinib group and the conventional treatment group median decreased 0.31 cm and 0.12 cm, respectively, without significant difference ( P =0.542). After treatment, the maximum diameter of the lung metastases in the apatinib group median decreased 0.59 cm, significantly more than 0.18 cm of the conventional treatment group ( P =0.027). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 9.4 months in the 33 patients. The median PFS was 9.6 months and 8.3 months in the apatinib group and the conventional treatment group, respectively, without significant difference ( P =0.593). Specific adverse reactions both occurred in apatinib group and routine treatment group, mainly including oral mucosal reactions and digestive tract reactions (including nausea, vomiting and diarrhea). Conclusions: Apatinib can effectively reduce the volume of primary and metastatic lesions in patients with bone and soft tissue sarcoma accompanied by lung metastasis without reducing the survival rate or causing uncontrollable adverse reactions. The safety and clinical efficacy of apatinib are significant.

Objective: To compare the differences of brain functional damage of subtypes of patients with Cushing's syndrome (CS). Methods: A total of 11 adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-dependent CS patients and 29 ACTH-independent CS patients were recruited from Chinese PLA General Hospital between September 2015 and March 2017 with confirmed CS. The psychiatric scales and brain task functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were evaluated. Results: A total of 40 patients (34 females, 6 males) with a mean age of (39.20±12.10) years and a median education level of 12 (9, 16) years were enrolled. ACTH-dependent patients had significantly worse performance than the ACTH-independent patients in response to the depression evaluation (64.6±6.1 vs 56.2±12.8, P= 0.008), positive emotion (17.8±4.2 vs 24.3±7.2, P= 0.008) and CS life quality [31(29,33) vs 42(29,51), P= 0.040]. In the reaction to positive target pictures, ACTH-dependent CS patients showed stronger activation in left superior temporal gyrus compared with patients in ACTH-independent group, while the activation degree of their bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, bilateralsuperior frontal gyrus and left middle frontal gyrus was much worse. In the reactions to negative target pictures, ACTH-dependent CS patients had weaker activation in bilateral cerebellum, left superior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, left precuneus and right postcentral gyrus, compared with patients in the ACTH-independent CS group ( P< 0.01, AlphaSim corrected). The activation degree of some regions whose brain function was different between the two groups was correlated to the cortisol level, ACTH level, 24 h urinary free cortisol (UFC) level, depression evaluation and negative emotion assessment (all P< 0.05). Conclusions: The severity of the depression and the life quality of patients in ACTH-dependent group are worse than ACTH-independent CS patients. The brain function of ACTH-dependent CS patients is much weaker.

Objective: To analyze clinical features, prognosis and treatment of lymphocytic hypophysitis (LYH). Methods: The clinical data, treatments and outcomes of 18 cases diagnosed as LYH at Chinese PLA General Hospital between January 2001 and July 2017 was respectively reviewed. Results: Eighteen patients with histology-proven LYH (13 females and 5 males ) were identified. All lymphocytic adenohypophysitis (LAH) were females( n =6), two of whom were associated with pregnancy. Eleven patients (6 females and 5 males) had lymphocytic panhypophysitis (LPH) and one(female) had hypothalamitis. Pre-treatment evaluation revealed that 11 patients presented with symptoms of intracranial space-occupying lesions, 12 patients had symptoms of anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies, and 12 patients had central diabetes insipidus (CDI). All patients had space-occupying lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which were symmetrically enlarged and homogenously enhanced with or without pituitary stalk thickening. Before or after surgery, 11 patients received immunosuppressant therapy or radiotherapy to alleviate space-occupying effect. After 4-204 months follow-up, 5 patients had a relapse and received immunosuppressants, radiotherapy or surgery to achieve remission. Full recovery (both symptomatic and radiographic) was seen in 6 patients, and 11 patients maintained stable replacement therapy. Conclusions: LYH presents with acute space-occupying effects such as headache, visual disturbances, hypopituitarism, CDI and mild hyperprolactinemia, especially with characteristic radiographic manifestations. Usually, surgery reliably establishes diagnosis, and immunosuppressant therapy is a necessity. On the whole, LYH has a good prognosis.

Objective: To summarize and analyze the clinical features and etiologies in hospitalized patients with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretics (SIAD) during the past 25 years. Methods: All data of 128 patients with SIAD admitted to Chinese PLA General Hospital since January 1991 to January 2016 were collected. SIAD was diagnosed based on the 1957 criterion. Results: (1) The most frequent causes of increased inappropriate secretion of vasopressin were malignant tumors, lung diseases (e. g. pneumonia), and central nervous system diseases, in which malignant tumors accounted for 38.28% of the SIAD. (2) During the past 25 years, the proportion of malignant diseases declined from 4/7 to 35.29%, while, the proportion of pulmonary infection increased from 1/7 to 35.29% ( P <0.05). (3) The patients with malignant tumors had the lowest serum sodium and serum osmolality among all SIAD patients. (4) CT scan had a high diagnostic value for chest and brain detection. (5) Among three SIAD subjects with unknown reasons at onset, two were diagnosed with small cell lung cancer and one with gastric cancer during follow-up. Conclusion: The etiology of SIAD is complex and it could be attributed to multifarious etiological factors. Malignant tumors account for the largest proportion of all patients, and pulmonary infection was ranked in second place. Cautions on tumors have to be taken when serum sodium of a SIAD patient is below 118.1 mmol/L.

The special primers were designed based on the sequence information of plant ferritin genes reported in the literature and used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the genomic DNA of Malus xiaojinensis Cheng et Jiang in an attempt to clone apple ferritin gene. A single fragment of 771 bp was successfully obtained from the PCRs and cloned in this study. The sequence and homology analysis results of the fragment showed that the deduced amino acids of the fragment had a ninety-nine percent homology to that of the soybean ferritin gene reported by Lescure et al. (1991). A comparison in details of the nucleotide sequence of the clone and that of the soybean ferritin gene showed that they consisted of the same open reading frame (ORF, 753 bp) and that the cloned fragment had complete initial and stop codes. Within the ORF no introns were found and there were no nucleotide difference in the transit peptide region (TP) of the gene, but five nucleotide mutations were found in the mature peptide region (MP), among which four were synonymous mutations.

By using AFLP technique polymorphism analysis was performed between a fuzzlesslintless mutant line and its isogenic wild-type line, Xuzhou 142. Out of 6,360 bands produced by 64 pairs primers, a fragment, named as CF1, appearing stably in wild-type line, Xuzhou 142. This polymorphism was further verified using several normal fiber varieties and F2, F3 populations from the cross of fuzzless-lintless mutant line with a high-lint-percentage variety Yumian No. 1. The cosegregation of CF1 and fibrogenesis was proved, which suggested that CF1 can be used as a molecular marker for cotton fibrogenesis. The CF1 segment was cloned into PUCm-T Vector and then sequenced. The putative amino acid sequences, is an analogue to phenol hydroxylase alpha subunit, outer surface protein C, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1, NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, 2-oxoacid ferredoxin oxidoreduct and hypothetical 14.5kD protein.

Objective: To study the immune state of human cornea with different ages., Methods: The human corneas in different ages were detected by using immunohistochemical techniques for 5 types of monoclonal antibody., Results: The contents of T-cell (CD(+)(3)), helper/inducer (CD(+)(4)), toxic T-cell (CD(+)(8)), macrophage (CD(+)(68)) and molecule-1 (intercellular adhesive molecule, CD(+)(54)) in the adult cornea were relatively low, mainly in the limbus but none at the corneal center. These positive cells were less in corneas of fetus, neonates and children than that in adults., Conclusion: In corneas of fetus, neonates and children, the T-cell, macrophage and molecule-1 were less than that of adults. Their corneas may be used as donors in corneal transplantation.

The cuticle-degrading proteases from entomopathogensis fungus, Melarhizium anisopliae, were induced by adding cicada exuviae, colloidal chitin, shrimp cuticle, maggot cuticle, horsefly cuticle and silkworm chrysalis cuticle into minimal medium. After ultrafiltration, Ultrogel AcA 54 column and IEF, a protease designated as MAP-21 with Mr 27 kD, and pI 7.6 were purified. It was shown that the recognition site of MAP-21 was Arg, PMSF and TLCK could inhibited the activity of this protease, indicating that there were Ser and His residues in the active center. The inhibitors to trypsin, leupeptin antipain and STI also repressed the activity of MAP-21, while chymostatin, TPCK and elastatinal TEI were shown no inhibition to its activity, demonstrating that, MAP-21 was a trypsin-like protease. Other properties of MAP-21 were also reported.

Fertile and sterile pools were set up by bulked segregant analysis (BSA) based on the selection for the highly fertile and highly sterile plants of Shanyou 63 F2 population. The AFLP analysis of the two pools indicated that 64 primer combinations amplified 3,477 stable and clear bands. Exception of the combination E-AGC/M-CAA, all primer combinations had not detected polymorphism between the two pools. It was proved by investigation of two parents, individuals of F2 segregant population, backbone sterile lines and restorer lines that the polymorphic fragment AP1 generated from the primer E-AGC/M-CAA was associated with the restoring gene. AP1 was a single copy detected by Southern blot hybridization. The distance between AP1 and the restoring gene was 4.76 cM.

In previous study, we isolated an antagonist Bacillus cereus strain: S-1 from cotton plant. In field experiments, this bacterium was shown strong inhibition to several plant diseases. In this paper, we reported the purification of the antifungal substance produced by the bacterium and its properties. After the steps of acid precipitation, methanol and ethy lether extraction, Sephadex G100 and DEAE52 column chromatography, the antifungal material was purified. The purified material had absorption peak at 275 nm, and was exhibited negative in biuret color reaction. However after hydrolyzed with HCl, this substance shown positive in the same reaction. Amino acid analysis to the hydrolysate of APS-1 showed that APS-1 was composed of Glu, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Thr, Pro, Leu, Ile, Val and an unknown amino acid. Combining with its pratial resistance to proteinases, it was suggested that this antifungal material was a cyclic peptide. This peptide, named APS-1, with strong inhibition on the germination of spores of the phytopathogens tested, was shown high stability against ultraviolet radiation and heat. APS-1 may have potential role in plant diseases biological control.

A saponine compound was isolated from the acetone extract of the roots and rhizomes of Patrinia scabiosaefolia Fish. ex Link. Its structure was identified by combination of chemical reaction and spectrum analysis as 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl oleanolic acid (giganteaside D), and part of its 13C-NMR data was revised by the 2D-NMR. The compound was found in the Patrinia for the first time.

Objective: To investigate the influence of some blood-activating drugs like Tetramethylpyrazine, Tanshinone II A, Hirudin and thrombin on adhesive and invasive behavior of PGCL3 and PAa cell lines., Methods: Using the above-mentioned blood-activating drugs in various concentration to treat PGCL3 and PAa cells, and the changes in adhesion to fibronectin and invasion in Boyden Chamber of these cells, alone or after interacted with human platelets, were observed., Results: Tetramethylpyrazine, Hirudin and thrombin could increase the adhesion of cells to fibronectin and Tanshinone II A decrease it. Tetramethylpyrazine, Tanshinone II A and Hirudin inhibited the invasion of PGCL3 cells in Boyden Chamber, and thrombin augmented the process., Conclusion: The blood-activating drugs may either inhibit or promote the invasion and metastasis of PGCL3 and PAa cells in the light of various conditions.

Three new compounds were isolated from the aerial part of Epimedium koreanum Nakai. On the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidences, they were elucidated as 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->3)-alpha-L-(4-acetyl) rhamnopyranoside-anhydroicaritin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 2-(p-hydroxyphenoxy)-5, 7-dihydroxy-6-prenylchromone, and 7-hydroxy-3, 4, 6-trimethoxy-9, 10-dihydrophenanthrene-2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside.

Objective: To investigate adhesion molecule expression and functional status of platelets in cancer patients and their relation to cancer progression., Methods: Using flow cytometry to measure the expression of surface antigens and functional status of platelets in 50 healthy donors and 181 cancer patients., Results: Comparing with normal donors, the expression of CD42a in cancer patients decreased, and that of TSP and CD36 increased. The number of platelets with CD36+ TSP+, CD36+ TSP-, CD9+, CD31+, CD62+ CD63-, CD62+ CD63+, CD62- CD63+ phenotypes also increased. There was significant difference between patients in early stage and those in advanced stage, but there was no significant difference between the patients in early stage and healthy donors. The expression of CD41 did not change in cancer patients., Conclusion: In cancer patients, especially in the advanced stage of the disease, the expression of the adhesion molecules on platelets and their released products increase, indicative of an activated state of the platelets.

Aim: To study the effect of beta-carotene (beta-Car) on radiation-induced mutation., Methods: Mutant frequency at T-lymphocyte hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) locus in rats was measured using a T-lymphocyte cloning technique and malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured using a thiobarbituric acid (TBA)., Results: Mutant frequency at the HGPRT locus was elevated by 60Co-gamma 3.75 Gy, and was reduced by ig beta-car 20 and 10 mg.kg-1 (P < 0.05), but not by beta-Car 5 mg.kg-1. It showed a dose-dependent relationship. MDA was signifcantly reduced in plasma of rats given beta-Car after 60 Co-gamma radiation. There was positive coherence between MDA and mutant frequency at the HGPRT locus (r = 0.9978, P < 0.05)., Conclusions: Radiation-induced mutation is inhibited by beta-Car, associated with antioxidant action of beta-Car.

A series of substituted ferro-cyclopentadienyl borane compounds were separated by using thin-layer chromatographic technique. The optimum mobile phase was acetone-cyclohexane-tetraethyl ammonium halide (0.59:8.24:1.18). The orthogonal array method was used to get the optimum chromatographic condition. The types and the concentrations of different kinds of ion-pair reagents, the contents of acetone and cyclohexane were considered as factors which affected the results of separation. The operating conditions for each experiment was adopted based on the L9 (3(4)) design. A statistical method of variance analysis was used to evaluate the overall degree of separation (D(S)), a criterion which reflects the degree of optimization. As a result, we found the most important factors that affected the separation and the optimum chromatographic condition for 8 compounds of this sort.

The rise of total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol, and the drop of cortisol in serum induced by PA can be significantly inhibited by total ginsenosides in the leaves of Panax ginseng [GSL, 60 mg/(kg.d)]. From GSL ten compounds have been isolated and identified as ginsenoside-Rb2, -Rc, -Rd, -Re, -Rg1 -F3, F2, -Rg2, 20(R)-Rg2 and -Rh1, respectively. Pharmacological study has proved ginsenoside-Re to be the chief active constituent of GSL.

Five compounds were isolated from the leaves of Panax ginseng and characterized as 20(R)-protopanaxatriol, daucosterine, ginsenoside-F2, ginsenoside-F3 and majoroside-F4 on the basis of spectral analysis and chemical evidence. Among them, majoroside-F4 is obtained from plant for the first time.

Rise of total lipid, total cholesterol and triglyceride in rabbits were markedly inhibited by oral administration of ginsenosides from stems and leaves at a daily dose of 60mg/kg. The inhibitory rates were 66.2%, 92.8% and 58.1% respectively.

To evaluate the efficacy of a second generation acid pump inhibitor-lansoprazole (L) a controlled clinical trial in 72 patients of duodenal ulcer was carried out with omeprazole (O) as control. The results showed that the ulcer healing rate after 4-week treatment was 97.4% in lansoprazole group and 91.2% in omeprazole, while the effective rate was 100% and 97.1% respectively (P > 0.05). Ulcer related pain was relieved more quickly in lansoprazole group. The pain relief rate after treatment of 3 days was different significantly between the two group, being 74.3% (L) and 51.6% (O) respectively (P < 0.05). No marked side-effect was observed in lansoprazole group. It is shown that lansoprazole is effective and safe for treatment of duodenal ulcer.

A clinical trial of misoprostol, an analog of PGE1 produced by G.D. Searle & Co., on treatment of duodenal ulcer was carried out in five hospitals in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou. Totally 94 cases were treated with misoprostol 200 micrograms q.i.d. for 4 weeks. A parallel comparison was made, using cimetidine 200 mg q.i.d. A double-blind, double-dummy study was conducted. The result showed that the therapeutic efficacy of misoprostol in duodenal ulcer is similar to that of cimetidine. The ulcer healing rate in four weeks being 60.7% and 67.9% respectively, while the overall effectiveness rate being 77.7% and 80.2%. There was no statistically significant difference between the two medication groups. The side effect of misoprostol is mainly mild diarrhea (6.4%), but it disappears despite the continued use of medication. To our impression, misoprostol represents a new therapeutic approach for treatment of peptic ulcer in addition to acid controlling H2 blockers.

20(S)-Ginsenoside-Rg2 and its 20(R) epimer were successfully separated using reversed-phase low pressure column (Rp-18) chromatography. The method has proved very convenient and rapid.