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Meteoroids entering the Earth's atmosphere lose most of their mass during atmospheric passage and considerably disturb the background ionosphere. To elucidate better the effects of meteoroids on the near-Earth space environment, it is important to simultaneously observe various meteoroids and their related phenomena in the Earth's atmosphere. This study briefly describes a newly developed Meteor and ionospheric Irregularity Observation System (MIOS), which consists of a phased-array radar, a bi-static all-sky radar, and a multi-station optical imaging and spectroscopy subsystem. The MIOS can capture the processes of ablation and evaporation of meteoroids, creating luminous and ionization trails, and measure the properties of both the meteor trail and its corresponding meteoroid within a large field of view. Based on the MIOS, some observational modes and data processing methods have been developed, where the physical and chemical properties of meteoroids (including their velocity, mass, composition, and source region), meteor plasma head and trail irregularity and their structural evolution, and the instantaneous neutral wind can be obtained. Using the MIOS measurements, a preliminary study of some of the characteristics of meteoroids, meteor plasma head, meteor plasma trail field–aligned and non-field–aligned irregularities, meteor flare and dust trail irregularity, and ionospheric irregularity is presented.

In this study, a polysaccharide (AHL-P) was obtained from Arachis hypogaea leaves by hot water extraction. High performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to identify the structure of AHL-P. The effects of AHL-P on the proliferation of MFC cells, S180 cells, B cells (Raji), T cells (Jurkat) and RAW 264.7 cells in vitro were also tested by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). The results indicated that the molecular mass of AHL-P was 12.84 kDa and its monosaccharide composition consisted of glucose, xylose, galactose and arabinose at a ratio of 7:2:1:1. AHL-P was a novel polysaccharide having a backbone chain composed of (1→4, 6)-Glc, (1→4)-Xyl and (1→4)-Glc, with (1→4)-Ara and (1→4)-Gal as branches and →1)-Glc as a terminal monosaccharide of the repeating unit. The antitumor activity assay in vitro indicated that the highest inhibitory rate of AHL-P on S180 and MFC cells of 39.07% and 52.22% was observed at a concentration of 5 and 2.5 μg/mL, respectively. The immunomodulatory activity assay in vitro indicated that at 10 μg/mL AHL-P, the proliferation rate of B cells (Raji) and RAW 264.7 cells was 104.39% and 32.25%, respectively. However, AHL-P had no significantly proliferative effect on T cells (Jurkat). This study could provide a scientific basis for the development and utilization of Arachis hypogaea leaves.

Objective To estatblish a real-time fluorescence imaging method for observing arterial blood spiral laminar flow. Methods Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into vein angiography group (femoral vein injection, 1 mL/kg) and low-dose arteriography group (abdominal aortic injection, 0.1 mL/kg). The low-dose arteriography group was further divided into fluorescein sodium group, rhodamine B group, FITC-dextran group and quantum dot group (n=7 for each group). The dynamic images were captured with high-speed camera. The fluorescence region was calibrated by image threshold segmentation algorithm and morphological post-processing algorithm. The axial velocity and tangential velocity of helical blood flow in rat femoral artery were measured, and the screw pitch and shear force were calculated. Results Compared with the vein angiography group, the low-dose arteriography group clearly showed the clockwise spiral laminar flow in the femoral artery of rats. In the FITC-dextran group, the axial velocity of blood spiral laminar flow was (198.4±112.7)mm/s, and the tangential velocity was(3.3±0.8)mm/s.The screw pitch was (126.1±76.3)mm, and the shear force was (9.5±5.6)Pa. The injections were repeated three times for each rat, and there was no significant difference among each injection. Conclusions Real-time fluorescence imaging can be used to observe arterial blood spiral laminar flow in vivo and to quantitatively analyze the hemodynamic characteristics of spiral laminar flow.

Neurointervention surgery is an important method for diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders and related brain scientific research. Robot⁃assisted neurointervention surgery can improve the minimally invasive and accurate interventional surgery, which is an important research direction. At present, the navigation technology of neurointervention surgery has gradually developed from the traditional optical navigation to MRI navigation, the interventional materials have developed from rigid puncture needle to active flexible puncture needle, and the surgical path planning and navigation technology and the surgical robot control technology have also been developing. This paper summarizes the four key technologies mentioned above and reviews the research progress of robot⁃assisted neurointervention surgery to promote its clinical application.

Cantharidin poisoning has been proven to cause multiple organ damage. Acute circulatory failure, acute renal failure, and multiple organ failure resulting from cantharidin poisoning are the main causes of death for patients with cantharidin poisoning. However, research on the damage of main target organs and mechanism of cantharidin poisoning is not clear. This paper reviews the latest toxicological and pathological research literatures at home and abroad related to cantharidin poisoning and comprehensively summarizes the latest research progress on the toxicological and pathological damage and mechanism of the digestive system, circulatory system, respiratory system, urinary system, reproductive system, skin mucosa, immune system, and nervous system after cantharidin poisoning, to provide reference for improving the molecular toxicological mechanism of cantharidin poisoning and decision-making in the clinical intervention of cantharidin poisoning.

To verify the fatigue life under high-low cycle combined loads of the blade the combined fatigue experimental technique was established. The orthogonal loads decoupling method was proposed based on the cylindrical rolled bearing and linear slide rail,and the coordinated loading control technique of a combined loads was presented by means of an external signal trigger. Then,the fatigue experiment of a certain type of ducted tail rotor fan blade under centrifugal load/Low Cycle Fatigue（ LCF） and aerodynamic load/High Cycle Fatigue（ HCF） was developed. The control precision of complex loads is superior to than ±1%,and the coordinated loading time interval is less than 0. 3 second. The experimental result indicates that the high-low cycle combined fatigue experimental technique can solve the technical problems of orthogonal loads decoupling and coordinated loading control,which provides the technical foundation for improving the high-low cycle combined fatigue life prediction precision of the blade.

For the requirement of destroying sensitive data in the disk in emergency,combined with the AES encryption algorithm,a strategy of fast destruction of disks based on encrypted storage was proposed.The principle,method and basis of the strategy were discussed in detail.Through this strategy,sensitive data in the disk can be destroyed quickly,efficiently and safely.

Tianfu peanut series represents a prominent category in China and recognized as the primary cultivar within the peanut-producing region of Sichuan Basin. To comprehend the phylogeny of Tianfu peanut varieties and the evolution of key agronomic and economic traits, we conducted an analysis on the pedigree relationship and evolutionary trends of 37 main Tianfu peanut varieties, focusing on 14 essential agronomic and economic characteristics. Our findings revealed that these 37 varieties originated from 55 nuclear ancestor parents and 15 cytoplasmic ancestor parents, predominatly including Luojiangjiwo, Fuhuasheng, and Xiongyue 1. Among the 52 related direct parents predominately comprising bred varieties and intermediate materials, 34 were derived from Sichuan Basin, accounting for approximately 65.38% of all parentage combinations. Notably, variety improvement predominantly occurred through crossbreeding techniques, with "bred variety x intermediate materials" combinations representing the highest proportion at 40.63%. While there were no significant quality attributes, pod yield significantly increased due to breeding efforts; additionally, a few oleic acid and high oil varieties were successfully developed. Moving forward, our focus lies in transforming general common oleic acid varieties into specialized high oleic acid variants suitable for edible oil production or processing while preserving the traditional characteristics associated with medium-small seed size typical to Tianfu peanuts -- thus meeting diverse demands for superior-quality Tianfu peanut cultivars in this new era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurointervention surgery is an important method for diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders and related brain scientific research. Robot-assisted neurointervention surgery can improve the minimally invasive and accurate interventional surgery, which is an important research direction. At present, the navigation technology of neurointervention surgery has gradually developed from the traditional optical navigation to MRI navigation, the interventional materials have developed from rigid puncture needle to active flexible puncture needle, and the surgical path planning and navigation technology and the surgical robot control technology have also been developing. This paper summarizes the four key technologies mentioned above and reviews the research progress of robot-assisted neurointervention surgery to promote its clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective Erlotnib is the inhibitor of epidemic growth factor receptor and mainly used to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of this study is to evaluate the antitumor efficacy and toxicity of erlotnib in the treatment of Chinese elderly NSCLC patients with multimetastases. Methods Tirty-three Chinese elderly NSCLC patients with multimetastases received 150 mg of erlotnib orally once daily until disease progressing or intolerable toxic developing. Results Tirty patients were evaluable for therpeutic effect. Without complete regression being observed, 6 patients got partial resonse (PR, 20%), 16 stable disease (SD, 53.33%) and 8 progressive disease (PD, 26.68%). The total response rate was 20.0% and disease control rate including both tumor response and stable disease was 73.3%. On the pathology, compared with the patients with squamous cell carcinoma, those with adenocarcinoma had not significant longer median overall (13.592±1.914 months vs 9.846±1.598 months, P=0.301) and progression-free survival times (7.367±0.923 months vs 6.615±1.366 months, P=0.488), The median survival was sigificantly related with meningeal metastasis, metastasis of liver, pleural efusion using survival analysis. The main toxicities of erlotnib were skin toxicity (rash) and diarrhea with no need of further treatment. Conclusion Erlotnib demonstrates significant antitumor activity and a favorable tolerability profile in Chinese elderly advanced NSCLC patients with multimetastases.

頁次：78-97

To explore the effects of different disturbance patterns on restoring the health of an infected stand, concentrated disturbance of not cutting trees before 10 years after infection, moderate disturbance of cutting infected pine trees, and strong distrubance of cutting infected pine trees, the neighboring trees and poorly growing pine trees were compared in a pure Pinus massomiana plantation infected by Bursaphelenchus xylophlius in Anji, Zhejiang, China. After 16 years, the importance values of P. massoniana in the three treatments were: concentrated disturbance > moderate disturbance > strong disturbance. However, the importance values of broad-leaved trees showed the opposite trend. Compared with the concentrated disturbance, the average DBH of P. massoniana in the moderate and strong disturbance treatments were 1.2 and 1.7 times higher, respectively, and those of broad-leaved species were 1.3 and 1.9 times higher, respectively. The average height of pine trees in the moderate and strong disturbance treatments increased 1.5 and 2.0 times, respectively, and those of broad-leaved species 1.2 and 1.8 times, respectively. The tree volume per hectare i2n moderate and strong disturbance treatments were 5. and 1.8 times that of concentrated disturbance treatment, respectively. In the moderate and strong disturbance treatments, the number of trees in each diameter class was greater than in the concentrated disturbance treatment. The stand diameter distribution in the multi-storied moderate and strong disturbance treatments followed an inverse J-shaped curve. The species richness and biodiversity were significantly higher in the moderate and strong disturbance treatments than in the concentrated disturbance treatment. The individual size inequality and structural complexity indices followed the order of moderate disturbance > strong disturbance > concentrated disturbance. Under moderate and strong disturbance treatments, the single-storied and evenly aged pure P. massoniana plantation became multi-storied and unevenly aged mixed stands. All the three disturbance patterns promoted the succession of broad-leaved trees, with the pace of succession in the order of strong disturbance > moderate disturbance > concentrated disturbance. In conclusion, moderate disturbance achieved better restoration. Thinning pure P. mas-soniana plantation could accelerate the succession of a mixed stand to enhance resistance against Bursaphelenchus xylophlius invasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reveal the population phylogenetic relationships and colonization history of Chinese endemic bat species Myotis davidii, a total of 126 samples from 14 populations in nationwide were collected in 2001-2009, taking the mitochondrial control region as the molecular marker. Based on the TCS network diagram of the mitochondrial DNA control region sequences, the 14 geographical populations were divided into three geographical regions, i.e., mid-east plain region, southwest plateau region, and south hills region. In the 53 haplotypes, the No. 14 in Zhejiang Province, No. 47 in Guizhou Province, and No. 50 in Guangdong Province were the ancestors in the three regions, respectively. Based on Geodis analysis, mismatch distribution analysis, and neutrality test, the population expansion events were found in mid-eastern plain region (76.12 and 79.17 ka BP) and southwest plateau (69.12 ka BP). In 61.24 ka BP, a long distance migration event originated from the southwest plateau region to the mid-east plain region occurred. The evidences of molecular biology, bionics, anatomy, and aerodynamics all revealed the long-distance migration capability of M. davidii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The regional economic integration is the important trend of the economy development of the world. The governments of many geographical neighboring areas in our country are devoting major efforts to carrying forward the regional economic integration. A perfect competition rule and an effective enforcement of the law and administration of justice are the fundamental requirements of the competition mechanism in the regional economic integration. In our country, the local protection is serious and there are a lot of area barriers. The competition rules haven't been perfect yet. The competition enforcement of the law is not strong enough. All of these have become the important barriers to the regional economic integration in many areas of our country. In the process of perfecting the system of market economy and promoting the regional economic integration, our country should devote major efforts to establishing the competitive culture and try lo get rid of the local protection and develop the cooperation in enforcing the law to raise the effect of the enforcement of the law. Consequently, we can establish a good competition legal system environment for the unified market of the nation and the development of the interregional common economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are two aspects for academic activities: recent research results with certain value and some originality, and the lessons, experiences and methods obtained from the results. On the basis of Rawls 'theory of justice and equality, Rawls' academic training background and methods are discussed, the neglected points in Rawls' theory are analyzed, the deficiencies in Rawls' argumentation are pointed out, and some complementary argumentations are added to Rawls' theory. By comparing Rawls with his two contemporaries, Rawls' theory is further defined for its property and complexity, and an evaluation is made of Rawls' theory for its similarity to China's reality. Most important of all, by analyzing Rawls' theory, new conclusion is" drawn as to how to research the Western philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an interview,Professor Xu You-yu,who is almost of the same age as the People's Republic of China, talked about the influence of his living background ,family background and growth experience on the development of his thought. In particular, he recalled his experience in reading philosophy books and learning English during the Great Cultural Revolution in China,which played a predominant role in the development of his thought. This article serves as an autobiography in his thought, which is typical of liberal intellectuals in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To attempt oral DEN to induce and establish hepatic cirrhosis model in C57BL/6 mice. Methods A total of 60 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group, 30 of each group. The mice in the experimental group were fed with water contaning DEN while the control group with distilled water. The liver morphological structure and fibrillation of the two groups were observed by HE and Masson dyeing. The body weight variation of mice in the two groups was measured in consecutive 30 days. The difference in autokinetic movement between the two groups was investigated by behavioral approach to judge their mental state changes. Results It showed with the longer DEN was given, the heavier the fibrosis tissue hyperplasia and hepatic cirrhosis degree displayed by HE and Masson dyeing. The semi-quantitative scoring system scoring at different time points in the experimental group had no statistical significance compared with that of the control group (P<0.05). The body weight declined obviously with increasing of feeding time in the experimental group while the mice in the control group slightly increased. There were statistical significance in difference (P<0.05). The behavioristics results showed that the total movement distance of the experimental mice was weaker than that of the normal mice, whose difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion DEN-induced hepatic cirrhosis model in C57BL/6 mice is successfully established from hepatic fibrosis, and it can be used as an ideal animal model for the study of human hepatic cirrhosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regan Syrup has the effect of clearing heat, releasing exterior, benefiting pharynx and relieving cough, and previous phase Ⅱ clinical trial showed that the efficacy of Regan Syrup high-dose and low-dose groups was better than that of the placebo group, and there was no statistically significant difference in the safety between the three groups. The present study was conducted to further investigate the efficacy and safety of the recommended dose(20 mL) of Regan Syrup in the treatment of common cold(wind-heat syndrome). Patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected and divided into the test group(Regan Syrup+Shufeng Jiedu Capsules placebo), positive drug group(Regan Syrup placebo+Shufeng Jiedu Capsules) and placebo group(Regan Syrup placebo+Shufeng Jiedu Capsules placebo) at a 1∶1∶1 using a block randomization method. The course of treatment was 3 days. A total of 119 subjects were included from six study centers, 39 in the test group, 40 in the positive drug group and 40 in the placebo group. The onset time of antipyretic effect was shorter in the test group than in the placebo group(P≤0.01) and the positive drug group, but the difference between the test group and the positive drug group was not significant. The test group was superior to the positive drug group in terms of fever resolution(P&lt;0.05), and had a shorter onset time of fever resolution than the placebo group, but without obvious difference between the two groups. Compared to the positive drug group, the test group had shortened disappearance time of all symptoms(P≤0.000 1). In addition, the test group was better than the positive drug group and the placebo group in relieving symptoms of sore throat and fever(P&lt;0.05), and in terms of clinical efficacy, the recovery rate of common cold(wind-heat syndrome) was improved in the test group compared to that in the placebo group(P&lt;0.05). On the fourth day after treatment, the total TCM syndrome score in both test group and positive drug group was lower than that in the placebo group(P&lt;0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between three groups and none of them experienced any serious adverse events related to the study drug. The results indicated that Regan Syrup could shorten the onset time of antipyretic effect, reduce the time of fever resolution, alleviate the symptoms such as sore throat and fever caused by wind-heat cold, reduce the total score of Chinese medicine symptoms, and improve the clinical recovery rate with good safety.

This study deciphered the mechanism of Shenling Baizhu Powder in treatment of mouse model of ulcerative colitis(UC) via NOD-like receptor thermoprotein domain 3(NLRP3) signaling pathway. After three days of adaptive feeding, 70 SPF-grade BALB/c mice were randomized into 7 groups: normal group, model group(dextran sodium sulfate, DSS), mesalazine group(DSS + 5-aminosalicylic acid, 5-ASA), NLRP3 inhibitor group(DSS + MCC950), and high-, medium-, and low-dose Shenling Baizhu Powder groups(DSS + high-, medium-, and low-dose Shenling Baizhu Powder), with 10 mice per group. The normal group had free access to double distilled water, and the remaining groups had free access to DSS-containing water to establish the acute UC model. Intragastric administration was started at the same time as modeling for one week. During the experiment, the general mental state and disease activity of each group of mice were recorded and scored. After the experiment, colon and serum samples were collected. The pathological changes in colon tissue were observed through hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was employed to determine the levels of interleukin-18(IL-18) and myeloperoxidase(MPO) in colon tissue and interleukin-1β(IL-1β) in serum. Immunofluorescence(IF) and immunohistochemistry(IHC) methods were employed to examine the expression of NLRP3 and IL-18 in colon tissue. Western blot was employed to measure the protein levels of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein(ASC), cystein-aspartate protease 1(caspase-1), and downstream inflammatory cytokines in colon tissue. Compared with the normal group, the modeling of UC increased the disease activity index(DAI), colon pathological injury score, IL-1β level in serum, and IL-18 and MPO levels in colon tissue(P&lt;0.05, P&lt;0.01). Furthermore, the modeling caused obvious pathological changes and up-regulated the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, ASC, pro-IL-1β, cleaved-IL-1β, pro-IL-18, and cleaved-IL-18 in the colon(P&lt;0.01). Compared with the model group, the administration of corresponding drugs decreased the DAI, pathological injury score, IL-1β level in serum, and IL-18 and MPO levels in colon tissue, and down-regulated the protein levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, ASC, pro-IL-1β, cleaved-IL-1β, pro-IL-18, and cleaved-IL-18 in the colon(P&lt;0.05, P&lt;0.01). According to the results of previous study and this study, we concluded that Shenling Baizhu Powder can alleviate the inflammatory response and intestinal damage of DSS-induced UC by regulating the expression of the proteins and inflammatory cytokines associated with NLRP3 signaling pathway.

The typical natural secondary shrub community was chosen in Lin'an of Zhejiang Pro-vince to discover its possibility of restoration to arbor forest with three kinds of forest management models being taken, i.e., no care as control, closed forest management and target tree tending. Over four years growth, compared with control, closed forest management significantly increased average DBH and height by 130% and 50%, respectively, while 260% and 110% for target tree tending. In target tree tending plots, larger trees had been emerging with 4.5-8.5 cm diameter class and 4.5-8.5 m height class and formed a new storey of 4 m compared with control. The species biodiversity indexes at shrub layer were significantly increased in closed management plots, and did not decrease in target tree tending plots. Closed forest management did not change the tree species composition, following its previous succession direction. However, target tree tending increased the importance value of target species with the high potential succession direction of mixed coniferous-broadleaved forest. The results revealed that the secondary shrub community with target tree tending achieved more desired goals on DBH and height growth of dominant trees and species composition improvement compared with closed management. If the secondary shrub community could be managed when the operational conditions existed, target tree tending model should be selected to accelerate the restoration of shrub toward arbor forest.

Objective: To assess the effect and safety of Jinhua Qinggan Granule (JHG) in treating influenza patients of wind-heat affecting Fei syndrome (WHAFS)., Methods: Totally 136 influenza patients of WHAFS were randomized by stratification into 3 groups, the high dose JHG group (44 cases, 10 g each time), the low dose JHG group (45 cases, 5 g JHG + 5 g placebo each time), and the placebo control group (47 cases, 10 g placebo each time). All medication was administered three times daily for 5 days. The fever disappearance time, the fever disappearance rate, efficacy of TCM syndrome, the disappearance rate of main symptoms and physical signs of flu, the negative rate of virus nucleic acid in the pharyngeal secretion, and safety indicators were assessed., Results: The median fever disappearance time was 32.8 h (95% CI: 22.5-41.0 h) in the high dose JHG group, 26.0 h (95% CI: 14.5-36.5 h) in the low dose JHG group, 39.5 h (95% CI: 29.0-46.0 h) in the placebo control group. There was statistical difference in the median fever disappearance time between the low dose JHG group and the placebo control group (P = 0.011). Three days after treatment, the markedly effective rate of TCM symptoms in the low dose JHG group was 66.7%, higher than that of the placebo control group (38.3%), and its effective rate was superior to that of the high dose JHG group (P = 0.043). Five days after treatment, the recovery rate of the low dose JHG group (42.2%) was higher than that of the high dose JHG group (25.0%, P = 0.026) and that of the placebo control group (14.9%, P = 0.002). The markedly effective rate of the low dose JHG group (86.7%) was higher than that of the placebo control group (55.3%, P = 0.001). Similar effects were obtained in the low dose JHG group and the high dose JHG group, but slightly poor in partial indicators of the high dose JHG group. There was no statistical difference in adverse reaction among these three groups (P > 0.05)., Conclusions: JHG was effective and safe in treating influenza patients of WHAFS. Routinely low dose was the optimal dosage of JHG.

Objective: To investigate the response of the specific brain functional areas of normal human to acupuncture at the acupoints of different Meridians at the same anatomy level., Methods: Twelve healthy young volunteers were enrolled in this research and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans were taken randomly in a block design. During the stimulation phase, an acupuncture needle inserted in right Shenmen (HT7) or Yanglao (SI6) was twirled at an angle of 180 degrees and a frequency of about 1.5 Hz. The collected images were analyzed using SPM2 for exploring the inter-group differences in blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses. RESULTS Increases in BOLD signal (group analysis, corrected, 0.05, K>or=10) were found mainly in the right ostcentral gyrus of the frontal lobe (BA2, BA1, BA43) and left inferior frontal gyrus (BA47) by acupuncture at HT7, and chiefly in the left inferior parietal lobule (BA 40) and right inferior frontal gyrus (BA 45, BA 46) by acupuncture at SI6., Conclusion: Acupuncture of HT7 and SI6 elicits different BOLD responses in some related cerebral regions correlative with cognition.

Objective: To study the clinical features and gene mutation analysis in Machado-Joseph disease of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 in littoral of Zhejiang., Methods: Clinical manifestation and brain MRI data 18 patients with SCA in family were analyzed. The gene mutations of 18 patients and 10 family numbers without abnormal presentation, and 12 healthy persons of controls., Results: The gene mutations of 18 patients is SCA3/MJD, and 2 asymptomatic SCA3/MJD had been detected in SCA family. Normal alleles of SCA3/MJD have CAG repeats ranging from 14 to 27, patients from 67 to 82, asymptomatic and carrier SCA3/MJD from 28 to 45. The main features of 18 patients included gait ataxia, ambiguity in speech and action clumsiness. Brain MRI showed remarkable atrophy on cerebellum and brain stem., Conclusion: CAG expansions were related to SCA3/MJD. The clinical manifestations are ataxia and dysarthria. The detection of repeated times CAG can provide an effective way for the genetic and asymptomatic diagnosis.

Objective: To establish nude mice models with the liver metastases of colonic adenocarcinoma and study the effects of Geranium sibirum extracts on them., Methods: Nude mice liver metastases model of colonic cancer was established with human colonic cancer cells line( Ls 174t) inoculated into mice spleen. 36 nude mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, containing control group, Geranium sibirum extracts group and hydroxycamptothecine group. The weight and size of the mice and growth of the carcinoma were recorded. All specimens were examined histologically. pS2 in blood in nude mice with liver metastasis of colonic carcinoma was detected with nested RT-PCR., Results: The incidence of liver metastasis was 100% in this intrasplenic injection model. The pathological results showed that tumour cells of liver metastases were poorly differentiated human colonic adenocarcinoma. In Geranium sibirum extracts group, the tumor number and the weight of liver metastases were significantly lower than those in hydroxycamptothecine group (P < 0.05). Using semiquantitative examination,in Geranium sibirum extracts group,the relative value of pS2 expression in blood was significantly higher than that in hydroxycamptothecine group (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Geranium sibirum extracts can effectively inhibit the occurrence of liver metastases carcinoma and decrease the positive expression of pS2, it also has better effect than hydroxycamptothecine so that Geranium sibirum extracts may become the potential therapeutic strategy for liver metatstases of colonic cancer.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of andrographolide drop-pill in treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infection with external wind-heat syndrome., Methods: A multicenter, randomized controlled trial was conducted. In phase I, 202 patients with acute upper respiratory tract infection were randomly divided into two groups: trial group (n=101) and control group (n=101). In phase II, 276 patients with acute upper respiratory tract infection were randomly divided into two groups: trial group (n=138) and control group (n=138). The patients in the trial group received andrographolide drop-pill, at a dose of 1.5 g, three times a day; the patients in the control group received andrographolide tablet, at a dose of 1.5 g, three times a day. The therapeutic courses in both groups were 3 days. Clinical symptoms, physical signs, adverse effects, blood, urine and stool tests, hepatorenal function and electrocardiogram were examined before and after the treatment., Results: After treatment in the phase I, the cure rates in the trial group and the control group were 44.55%, 42.57% (full analysis set, FAS) and 45.00%, 43.00% (per protocol set, PPS), and the total obvious rates were 94.06%, 94.06% (FAS) and 95.00%, 95.00% (PPS), respectively. There were no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05). In the phase II, the cure rates in the trial group and the control group were 39.13%, 33.82% (FAS) and 38.69%, 33.58% (PPS), and the total obvious rates were 96.38%, 96.32% (FAS) and 96.36%, 96.27% (PPS), respectively. There were no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05) too. No adverse effects were found in the trial., Conclusion: Andrographolide drop-pill is effective and safe in the treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infection with external wind-heat syndrome.

Objective: To assess the value of compound anesthesia of transcutaneous electrical point stimulation and Remifentanil and the efficacy of this method on postoperative acute pain., Methods: Sixty cases with vertebral lamina internal fixation decompression operation were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups, an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each group. The patients in the observation group received compound anesthesia of transcutaneous electrical point stimulation at Hegu (LI 4), Laogong (PC 8), Neiguan (PC 6) and Waiguan (TE 5) 30 min before anesthesia induction with HANS stimulator and then Remifentanil anesthesia. During the operation, the stimulation was lasted for 30 min and ceased for 30 min until the end of operation. The patients in the control group received simple Remifentanil anesthesia. The dosage of the narcotic, changes of both blood pressure and heart rate during operation, before and after extubation and the pain degree, etc. were investigated in the two groups., Results: (1) The dosage of Isoflurane, (0.52 +/- 0.33)vol%, in the observation group was significantly lower than (1.12 +/- 0.18) vol% in the control group (P < 0.01). (2) Both blood pressure and heart rate during operation, before and after extubation in the observation group were lower than those before operation (P < 0.01), and both the blood pressure and heart rate during operation in the control group were lower than those before operation (P < 0.01). The blood pressure after extubation in the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.01), and the heart rate before and after extubation in the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.01). (3) The time of extubation and palinesthesia in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (P < 0.01). (4) In the observation group, the VAS scores after palinesthesia in 26 cases were < 4, and in 4 cases were > or = 5, while in the control group, the scores in 4 cases were < 4 and in 20 cases > or = 5, with a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Compound anesthesia of transcutaneous electrical point stimulation and Remifentanil can reduce the dosage of narcotics, shorten the time of palinesthesia and effectively prevent and treat acute pain after Remifentanil anesthesia.

Carbohydrates are proved to be involved in recognition processes, including adhesion between cells, adhesion of cells to the extracellular matrix, and specific recognition of cells by one another. Galectin-3 is a nonenzymatic carbohydrate-binding protein present in mammals, whose conserved carbohydrate-recognition domain preferentially binds to specific carbohydrate structures and plays an important role in biological and biochemical reactions. Substances developed with the specific structure of beta-galactose moieties or their analogues, including chemically modified carbohydrates, functional peptides and modified natural polysaccharide, have been evaluated as potent therapeutic ligands for galectin-3 and showed at different level their ability to interfere with carbohydrate-protein interactions and therefore, inhibit the cell-cell recognition and adhesion processes, which play an important role in tumor growth, progression and metastasis.

Objective: To study the seroprevalence of human T-cell leukaemia virus type I/II (HTLV-I/II) infection in adult population in the east coastal areas of Fujian and to explore the possible risk factors of HTLV-I/II., Methods: A total number of 3259 blood samples from drug users, sexually transmitted disease (STD) patients, prostitutes and blood donors for serologic assays during 1999 to 2002, were collected. All samples were screened for HTLV-I/II antibody, using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. All of the positive samples were confirmed by western blot (WB) kits. Statistical analysis was done by Epi software, and chi(2) test by Fisher's exact test. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant., Results: The overall seroprevalence rate of HTLV-I/II in healthy populations was 0.06% including, 0.32% in drug users, 0.58% in STD patients and prostitutes respectively. HTLV-II had not been found. The seropositive rates for HTLV-I in STD patients and prostitutes were significantly higher than the findings among healthy populations (P < 0.05). There were no different seroprevalence rates between drug users and healthy populations (P > 0.05). No significant changes in HTLV-I prevalence rates were found in the different age groups as well as in Fuzhou and Linde cities (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: The result suggested that in the east coastal areas of Fujian province, HTLV-I was the main prevalent virus. The seroprevalence of HTLV-I was very low, with no HTLV-II. Neither age nor gender seemed to be HTLV-I risk factor in the east coastal areas of Fujian province, but the increase of exposure to sex might be one.

Objective: To compare the serum Leptin clearance efficiency with different blood purification treatment., Methods: Thirty-one chronic end-stage renal failure hemodialysis (HD) patients (16 men, 15 women, mean age (54.0+/-11.0) years) were enrolled into the study. All the patients were treated with routine hemodialysis, the serum Leptin levels were examined before and after HD. Then they were divided into two groups, one was to be treated with hemodiafiltration (12 patients), and the other was to be treated with blood adsorption (8 patients). The same serum Leptin levels were examined before and after treatment. Serum Leptin concentration was detected by radioimmunoassay (RIA)., Results: The concentration of serum Leptin was not significantly decreased after routine hemodialysis in HD patients ((11.820+/-5.507) microg/L vs. (12.255+/-5.172) microg/L, P>0.05). Leptin concentrations after hemodiafiltration and blood adsorption therapy were decreased to the levels of (29.07+/-8.56) percent and (40.29+/-8.33) percent respectively, and their curative effect was significantly different (P=0.001)., Conclusion: Routine hemodialysis can influence serum Leptin levels in HD patients. Hemodiafiltration and blood adsorption therapy can lower serum Leptin levels. Blood adsorption therapy is better than hemodiafiltration in the clearance of serum Leptin.

Objective: To determine the relationship between Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA expression and liver injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)., Methods: Balb/c mice were sacrificed at the indicated time points after the intra-peritoneal LPS. The livers were stained with hematoxylin and erosin for histopathologic analysis. Simultaneously, the expression of TLR4mRNA was detected by RT-PCR., Results: A large number of inflammatory cells infiltrated into the portal areas and focal hepatocellular necrosis occurred 24 h after the intra-peritoneal LPS. The expression of TLR4mRNA in the liver was significantly depressed at 6 h and 12 h after the intra-peritoneal LPS, but recruited at 24 h., Conclusion: The signal transduction molecule TLR4 plays an important role in LPS-induced liver injury.

Aim: To study the antioxidant effect of Ganoderma polysaccharide peptide (GLPP) and its mechanism., Methods: Copper was used as oxidant to induce low lipoprotein (LDL) oxidative modification, and alloxan was given i.v. to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) injury in mice., Results: GLPP decreased oxidation of LDL and the relative electrophoretic mobility (REM) of oxidative product of LDL. After GLPP was given i.p. for 20 days, the concentration of malondialdehyde(MDA) in serum and heart of mice was decreased. The GSHpx enzyme activity was increased, while the SOD level was decreased. The catalase(CAT) levels were not significantly changed by GLPP., Conclusion: GLPP showed antioxidant effect by scavenging ROS or enhancing the enzyme activity of GSHpx in vivo and in vitro.

Objective: To identify whether primary shunt hyperbilirubinaemia is a genetic disorder or not and the pattern of the inheritance., Method: Clinical case data were studied with analysis of family pedigree of a case., Results: Although the patient with primary shunt hyperbilirubinaemia presented an elevated unconjugated serum bilirubin, anemia and splenomegaly, the patient also presented decline of amount of peripheral white cells and normal amount of reticulocytes. The mature erythrocytes in peripheral blood and bone marrow were irregular in shape and size. There were also some target-, rod-, and mouth-shaped peripheral red cells in blood smear. With analysis of family pedigree, we can find that there were some patients with the primary shunt hyperbilirubinaemia in every generation of the family with equal distribution in male and female. The pattern of inheritance was transmitted from one generation to the next generation directly. Almost any manifestation of the disease may be found in adult patients, but the severity of the disorder was not the same among these patients., Conclusions: The primary shunt hyperbilirubinaemia is a genetic disease; its pattern of inheritance is autosomal dominant. It is suggested that the disease of primary shunt hyperbilirubinaemia could be renamed as hereditary shunt hyperbilirubinaemia.

Background & Objective: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is characterized by high incidence and high mortality. This study was designed to identify the proteins dysregulated in ECSS by., Methods: Microdissection of routinely unstained frozen sections was used to procure cancer cells from seven esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, and esophageal epithelial cells from normal tissues adjacent to the tumors. By two-dimensional electrophoresis, protein profiles of normal and cancerous tissues were obtained. Selected proteins with altered expression in tumors were identified through MALDI-TOF-MS., Results: Compared the protein profiles of tumors with those of normal epithelia, 11 proteins were found as dysregulated in tumors. Among them, HSP27 was observed up-expressed and three isoforms of ANNEXIN I were seen down-expressed in cancerous tissues., Conclusion: Two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry can contribute to rapidly screen dysregulated proteins in human maligancies. Altered expressions of HSP27 and ANNEXIN I were the frequent events in Chinese esophageal squamous cell carcinomas.