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In this study, the effects of different variable temperatures treatments on the post-ripening physiology of 'Xuxiang'kiwi fruit were investigated and the application of variable temperatures ripening technology in kiwi fruit was explored. The'Xuxiang'kiwi fruit stored in cold storage at 0 C for 0 d (S1) and 30 d (S2) were respectively used as test materials, and three methods were adopted to accelerate ripening, namely treatment 1 (5 C for 24 h→10 C for 24 h→15 C to ready-to-eat), treatment 2 (15 C for 24 h→25 C for 24 h→15 C to ready-to-eat), treatment 3 (15 C to ready-to-eat at constant temperature), then the fruit hardness, soluble solid contents, titratable acid contents, respiratory intensity, ethylene release rates, VC contents and other physiological indicators were measured regularly until the fruits reached the ready-to-eat state. Subsequently, the changes of weight loss rates and decay rates during the shelf life (room temperature and 4 ) under different treatments of kiwi fruit were investigated. The results showed that the qualities of'Xuxiang'kiwi fruit in different ripeness treatment groups were significantly different during the postripening period. When changing temperatures accelerating ripening treatment was applied to S1'Xuxiang'kiwi fruit, the fruits of treatment 2 had the shortest ripening time and reached the ready-to-eat state at 8 d, which was 2 d and 4 d earlier than that of treatment 3 and treatment 1, respectively. Besides, during the ripening period, the fruits hardness and titrable acid contents of treatment 2 had the fastest decline, while soluble solid contents increased significantly faster than that of treatment 1 and treatment 3. The peaks of respiration and ethylene of treatment 2 were advanced, but the changes of VC contents and fruits weight loss rates during shelf life were not significantly different from those in other treatment groups. While when changing temperatures accelerating ripening treatment was applied to S2'Xux iang'kiwi fruit, the ripening time of kiwi fruit in group S2 was all 2 d shorter than that in group S1, and the ripening time in treatment 2 was also the shortest (6 d). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The monthly sampling data from June 2012 to May 2013 were used to study the composition and structure of the crustacean zooplankton community in the lakes and rivers of Suzhou Industrial Park. The variations in density and biomass of the crustacean zooplankton and their relationship with the environment factors were investigated. The results showed that a total of 42 species of crustacean zooplankton were found, including 24 species of cladocerans which belonged to 6 families and 12 genera, and 18 copepods which belonged to 7 families and 13 genera. The dominant species were Diaphanosoma brachyurum, Bosmina longirostris, Sinocalanus dorrii and Cyclops vicinus in all seasons of the year both in the rivers and the lakes. The density and biomass of the crustacean zooplankton in summer and autumn were higher than that in winter and spring, and there were two peaks in summer and autumn respectively both in the lakes and the rivers. The average density and biomass of cladocerans in the rivers were significantly higher than that in the lakes. There was no significant difference in the average density of Copepods between the rivers and the lakes, but the biomass in the rivers was higher than that in the lakes significantly. There were significant differences in dissolved oxygen, pH, Secchi depth, total dissolved solids, salinity, total phosphorus, total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen between the lakes and the rivers. Redundancy analysis showed that the distribution of most of crustacean zooplankton was positively correlated with water temperature, the salinity, CODMn and total phosphorus concentrations and only the distribution of the species belonging to genus Daphnia and Scapholeberis was positively correlated with O2 concentration, pH, and Secchi depth in both the rivers and the lakes in Suzhou Industrial Park. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tai chi has been increasingly applied in osteoporosis patients. However, systematic reviews of the efficacy of this practice have been few and of limited scope. Purpose: This study reviews previous experimental research work using tai chi as an intervention in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and to appraise the reported research designs used, tai chi methods used, and outcomes. Method: A systematic review method was used to search 14 databases for articles published between January 1980 and July 2013. Searched keywords included: "tai chi," "osteoporosis," and "postmenopausal women". The 2,458 articles initially identified were reduced to 4 valid articles based on considerations of criteria and repeatability. The 4 valid articles used either a randomized clinical trial (RCT) or a controlled clinical trial (CCT). They were further analyzed and synthesized in terms of common variables such as balance, muscle strength, and quality of life. Result: Three of the 4 studies identified significant pretest / posttest differences in physiological aspects of quality of life in participants but did not obtain consistent results in terms of the psychological aspects. While reports identified a significant and positive tai chi effect on balance, they all used different measurements to do so. Only one of the four studies identified significant improvement in muscle strength. Therefore, this review could not identify clear support for the effectiveness of tai chi on balance or muscle strength. Conclusions: This review did not definitively support the positive effects of tai chi on balance, muscle strength, and quality of life in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The designs used in the tai chi interventions may be referenced for future studies. We suggest that future studies use data triangulation rather than a single-item tool to validate the research in order to cross-verify the same information. This may strengthen the research and increase the credibility and the validity of related findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To observe whether the mechanism of small dose capsaicin (Cap) against pulmonary fibrosis in mouse is mediated by agitating transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). Methods: A total of 60 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control (CON) group, bleomycin (BLM)group, Cap (0.5, 1,2 mg/kg) groups and Cap (2 mg/kg) plus SB-452533 (2.5 mg/kg) group. C57BL/6 mice were intratracheally injected with 3.5 mg/kg BLM to induce pulmonary fibrosis model. Animals for drugs treatment received daily drug via subcutaneous injection for 21 days. The morphological changes and collagen deposition in lung tissues were analysed by HE staining, Masson staining and immunohistochemistry. The concentration of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in plasma was determined by ELISA. The mRNA and (or) proteins levels of α-CGRP, β-CGRP, collagen I, collagen III, E-Cadherin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), vimentin, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), TRPV1, p-ERK1/2 and eukaryotic initiation factor 3a (eIF3a) were detected by qPCR and (or) Western blot. Results: Compared with the BLM group, small dose Cap significantly reduced bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice and obviously reversed alveolar epithelial cells epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) (the expression of E-cadherin and ZO-1 were increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01)and the expression of α-SMA and Vimentin were decreased (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01) after drugs treatment for 21 day, concomitantly with the increase the expressions of TRPV1 and CGRP (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01), and inhibiting ERK1/2 phosphorylation and eIF3a expression (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). These effects of small dose Cap were abolished in the presence of TRPV1 receptor antagonist SB-452533. Conclusion: The results suggest that small dose Cap can reverse alveolar epithelial cells EMT and alleviate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice by inhibiting ERK1/2/eIF3asignaling pathway, which is related to agitating TRPV1 receptor and releasing of CGRP.

Hypopharyngeal carcinoma is the worst malignant tumor in the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, which has the worst prognosis. As the hypopharynx has a rich lymphatic network, cervical lymph node metastasis is very easy to occur. Castleman disease is vascular follicular lymphnode hyperplasia, a rare chronic lymphoproliferative disease of unknown cause. In the diagnosis of Castleman disease, attention should be paid to the differential diagnosis of head and neck malignant tumors.

In this paper, 1.5 g·L -1 of magnetic activated carbon with different particle sizes being 80, 140, 200, and 300 mesh (numbered 2, 3, 4, 5) were inoculated into the same sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The sludge volume index (SVI), particle size distribution characteristics, changes of extracellular proteins (PN), polysaccharide (PS), and polymeric substances (EPS) and their decontamination capability were studied and compared with a control group without addition (numbered 1). The results show that different particle diameters of magnetic activated carbon have certain influences on the granulation process. For example, it is easier for activated sludge to form aerobic granular sludge (AGS) when particle size are 140 mesh and 200 mesh acting as an inner core. Under these conditions, the AGS has a close structure and good sedimentation characteristics. Gaussian distribution was adopted to analyze the characteristics of Tparticle size distribution and standard deviations. The average diameter of the sludge in 3# and 4# all reached 780 μm within 50 days, which was higher than other reactors, with the same standard deviations being 318.9 μm and 362.3 μm respectively, which is lower than 2# and 3#. Besides, the granular sludge formed in both reactors was uniform in size and stable in operation. Different particle sizes of magnetic activated carbon were beneficial for the enhancement of proteins (PN), especially those with appropriate diameters (140 and 200 mesh), but had little effects on polysaccharides (PS). The formation of aerobic granular sludge based-magnetic activated carbon was in accordance with the inert kernel model. Meanwhile, the PN/PS in 3# and 4# were obviously higher than other SBRs with the same removal rate of TN and TP reaching 50% and 60% respectively.

The monthly sampling data from June 2012 to May 2013 were used to study the composition and structure of the crustacean zooplankton community in the lakes and rivers of Suzhou Industrial Park. The variations in density and biomass of the crustacean zooplankton and their relationship with the environment factors were investigated. The results showed that a total of 42 species of crustacean zooplankton were found, including 24 species of cladocerans which belonged to 6 families and 12 genera, and 18 copepods which belonged to 7 families and 13 genera. The dominant species were Diaphanosoma brachyurum, Bosmina longirostris, Sinocalanus dorrii and Cyclops vicinus in all seasons of the year both in the rivers and the lakes. The density and biomass of the crustacean zooplankton in summer and autumn were higher than that in winter and spring, and there were two peaks in summer and autumn respectively both in the lakes and the rivers. The average density and biomass of cladocerans in the rivers were significantly higher than that in the lakes. There was no significant difference in the average density of Copepods between the rivers and the lakes, but the biomass in the rivers was higher than that in the lakes significantly. There were significant differences in dissolved oxygen, pH, Secchi depth, total dissolved solids, salinity, total phosphorus, total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen between the lakes and the rivers. Redundancy analysis showed that the distribution of most of crustacean zooplankton was positively correlated with water temperature, the salinity, COD(Mn) and total phosphorus concentrations and only the distribution of the species belonging to genus Daphnia and Scapholeberis was positively correlated with O2 concentration, pH, and Secchi depth in both the rivers and the lakes in Suzhou Industrial Park.

The experiment is designed to explore pathological festures and material basis of pseadoanaphylactoid reaction induced by notoginseng total saponin preparation. Mouse pseadoanaphylactoid reaction was used, 50 ICR mice were randomly assigned to control group, positive medicine group, notoginseng total saponin preparation low-dose group, notoginseng total saponin preparation middle-dose group, notoginseng total saponin preparation high-dose group on average. They are treated by intravenous injection of test substance solutions containing 0.4% Evans blue (EB). 30 min later, scores of ear blue staining and quantitation of ear EB exudation were recorded. Another two experiment were repeated in the same way excluding EB, just to. detect the related cytokines in serum using ELISA. We found that the scores of pseudoanaphylactoid reaction in notoginseng total saponin preparation injection middle-dose group and high-dose group was evidently higher than that in control group, suggesting that notoginseng total saponin preparation injection may be can lead to pseadoanaphylactoid reaction. HE staining showed that pseadoanaphylactoid reaction induced by notoginseng total saponin preparation injection is related to inflammation. Histamine, VEGF and TNF-α levels in notoginseng total saponin preparation middle-dose group and high-dose group significantly increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) than control group and showed a dose-dependent manner as well as consistent with the degree of ear blue dye. While IL-6 and IL-10 content did not increase significantly in notoginseng total saponin preparation low-dose group and middle-dose group, but they significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) when it increased to quadrupe clinical concentrations, eight times of the clinical dose. So pseadoanaphylactoid reaction caused by notoginseng total saponin preparation may be related to histamine, VEGF, TNF-α, and it is possible that IL-6 and IL-10 can play a role when pseadoanaphylactoid reaction achieve a certain high degree.

Objective: To explore the relationship between aggressive behaviors, parent-child separation and experience of childhood abuse among junior high school students., Methods: A total of 1417 students in ordinary junior high schools from 3 townships in Huoshan, Anhui were involved in this study. Self-made questionnaire was used to estimate aggressive behaviors, parent-child separation in childhood, child abuse and social demographic information of the students under this study., Results: Related scores (2.52 ± 0.78) on physical aggression in boys was higher than in girls (2.29 ± 0.79) while the scores related to anger (2.60 ± 0.82) and hostility (2.58 ± 0.80) in girls, were higher than those in boys (2.41 ± 0.75, 2.47 ± 0.78), all with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Scores related to different types of aggressive behaviors and the scores in total, were higher in students from the senior class (P < 0.001). Scores on items as verbal aggression, hostility and in total, were higher in those adolescents which had undergone maternal-child separation during their childhood (P < 0.05). Scores on hostility and in total, were higher in those adolescents which had suffered from father-child separation during their childhood (P < 0.05). Scores related to anger, hostility and in total, were higher in those adolescents which had undergone both parent-child separation when they were much younger (P < 0.05). Students who had suffered from various types of repeated abuse showed higher scores in various types of aggressive behaviors and in total, than those who did not have the same experience. Most of the differences among groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Students that suffered parent-child separation in their earlier childhood and with repeated experiences of abuse in childhood appeared to be risk factors causing aggressive behaviors to develop during the age of adolescence.

Objective: To observe the effect of compound granule prescription of thunberg fritillary bulb in relieving the post-chemotherapy bone marrow depression in refractory acute leukemia (RAL) patients., Method: Two hundred and thirty eight RAL patients collected from 7 third-grade class-A hospitals were randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group. Both groups were treated with conventional chemotherapy. They were administered with compound granule prescription of thunberg fritillary bulb or placebo three days before chemotherapy for consecutively 14 days. A standardized chemotherapy course was a treatment cycle. The changes in peripheral hemogram of two groups were detected before and after chemotherapy., Result: After the treatment, the white blood cell counts of the two groups were significantly different (P < 0.05), but there was no statistical significance in qualitative comparison. Before and after the treatment, the difference of the white cell counts of the two groups detected had significant statistics (P < 0.05). The white cell counts of both groups declined after chemotherapy, but the treatment group decreased more significantly than the control group. Before and after the treatment, there were no statistical significances in quantitative and qualitative comparisons both in HGB and PLT. After the treatment, HGB and PLT contents of both groups declined, but there was no statistical difference between the two groups., Conclusion: Compound granule prescription of thunberg fritillary bulb can relieve the bone marrow suppression in RAL patients caused by the chemotherapy, which is mainly reflected by the slowdown of reduction in white blood cells.

Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanism of haemophilia B caused by the novel mutation of Arg327Ile (R327I) in FIX gene., Methods: The R327I, R327Ala(A), R327Lys(K), R327Asn(N) and a replacement mutant (FIXβFVII), in which FIX β strand 324-329 was replaced by that of FVII 298-303, expression plasmids were constructed with site-directed mutagenesis method based on the wild-type (WT) FIX expression plasmid. The HEK293 cell was transiently transfected, then the activity of FIX (FIX:C) was assayed by one stage method in the conditioned medium, while the FIX:Ag in both the conditioned media and the cell lysates was measured by ELISA. The molecular weight and the semi-quantity of expressed FIX were analyzed by Western blot. Fluorescent protein expression plasmid was constructed to investigate the synthesis and secretion of the FIX R327I mutation in the viable cells., Results: FIX:C of the R327I mutant protein was 4.49% of the level of the WT in the conditioned medium, and the FIX:Ag of the R327I mutant protein in the conditioned medium and the cell lysates was 31.02% and 129.29% compared to that of WT, respectively. The mutation was characterized as cross-reaction material reduced (CRMR). The viable cell fluorescent assays showed that the R327I protein was more in both the viable cells and in lysosome than that of WT. The FIX:C of the R327A, R327K, R327N and FIXβFVII mutants was reduced compared to that of WT, the reduction of FIX:C of FIXβFVII was the most significantly amount among all the mutants in medium. FIX:Ag of all the mutants in the medium, except that the R327K increased, was reduced. The result of Western blot showed that the molecular weight of R327I protein was the same as that of WT, but the amount of the protein was much less compared with WT in the conditioned medium., Conclusion: The abnormal synthesis and secretion as well as the abnormal function of the R327I mutant protein causes haemophilia B. The residue of R327 as well as the β strand domain of R327 located play important roles of the specific function of FIX.

Objective: Erythropoietin and erythropoietin receptor (EPO-R) are expressed in many kinds of tumors. The EPO/EPO-R signaling is involved in tumor cell proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to detect the expression of EPO-R in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and explore its correlation with angiogenesis., Methods: The expression patterns of EPO and EPO-R in 31 cases of NSCLC tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry, and that in benign lung lesions of 21 patients as control. To analyze the correlation of EPO/EPO-R expression patterns and clinicopathological factors. CD34 was used to label the vascular endothelial cells and calculate the microvessel density (MVD)., Results: The positive rates of EPO and EPO-R expression in NSCLC were 67.7% and 96.8%, respectively, significantly higher than those in the control ones. The positive rates of EPO and EPO-R expression in adjacent tissues were 19.4% and 35.5%, and in benign lesions were 9.5% and 19.0%, respectively (P < 0.001). The expression patterns of EPO/EPO-R were not related with pTNM stage, histological type, histological grade and lymph node metastasis (P > 0.05). Increased MVD was correlated with poor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and advanced stage., Conclusions: High expression of EPO/EPO-R in NSCLC patients suggest that they may be involved in tumorigenesis. EPO/EPO-R expression and MVD are closely related, and they might be an endogenous stimulant of angiogenesis during the progression of non-small cell lung cancer. It may provide evidence for clinical diagnosis.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Xinjierkang on two kidney one clip -induced hypertension and target organ injury in rats., Methods: Two kidney one clip-induced hypertension rats model was established. Rats were divided into control group, model group, Xinjierkang group, and fosinopril group. At the end of 8th w, the hemodynamics indexes were recorded. The cardiac hypertrophy index was expressed as heart weight/body weight (HW/BW), the histological changes of heart, aorta and kidney were investigated by HE and/or Van Gieson stain., Results: Compared with control group, the heart systolic and diastolic function were impaired, the heart weight index, cardiomyocytes cross section area (CSA), cardiac collagen deposition, vascular remodeling index and glomerulus area were increased markedly in model group rats. Administration of Xinjierkang and fosinopril markedly ameliorated hemodynamic indexes, inhibited the elevation of HW/BW ratio, CSA of cardiomyocytes, vascular remodeling index and glomerulus hypertrophy, decreased collagen deposition in heart., Conclusion: Xinjierkang has protective effects against two kidney one clip-induced hemodynamic impairment, cardiovascular remodeling and glomerulus hypertrophy in rats.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Xinji' erkang (XJEK), a compound Chinese herbal medicine, on isoproterenol-induced ventricular remodeling in mice., Methods: Isoproterenol was given subcutaneously (1 mg/kg, twice per day for 7 d) to induce ventricular remodeling in mice. Mice were divided into normal control group, model group, XJEK low-, medium- and high- dose groups, XJEK water layer group, XJEK n-butanol layer group and metoprolol group. All drugs were given by intragastric administration. At the end of the 7th day, the hearts of the rats were weighted, and myocardial hypertrophy index was expressed as heart weight/body weight (HW/BW). The histological changes were observed by hemotoxylin-eosin and Van Gieson staining. Colorimetric method was used to determine the content of hydroxyproline in heart, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum., Results: Compared with the isoproterenol injection only, XJEK potently inhibited cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and the increase of hydroxyproline content in heart (P<0.01), improved cardiac pathology change, inhibited the decrease of SOD activity and the increase of MDA content in serum (P<0.01). XJEK water layer also inhibited the increase of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy (P<0.01) while XJEK n-butanol layer inhibited cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis (P<0.01)., Conclusion: XJEK possesses protective effects against isoproterenol-induced ventricular remodeling in mice, which may be related to its actions in reducing the oxidative stress and improving the antioxidant activity of the body. XJEK water layer and XJEK n-butanol layer attenuated ventricular remodeling without significant oxidative stress state changing, which indicates that a non-antioxidative stress mechanism may exist.

Objective: To find the major risk factors associated with gastric cardia cancer., Methods: We selected five high incidence areas of esophageal cancer and gastric cancer which have cancer registration system, i.e. Cixian and Shexian of Hebei Province, Linxian of Henan Province, Feicheng of Shandong Province and Zhuanghe of Liaoning Province. Fifty newly diagnosed cases of cardiac cancer after January 1, 2008 were selected from each cancer registration database. A uniform questionnaire, which was fully consulted by experts, was used. Population-based 1:3 case-control study was conducted in those areas. The study recruited 250 cases of cardiac cancer and 750 matched controls, which were investigated with the uniform questionnaire. The data were statistically analyzed by fitting-conditional Logistic analysis., Results: Smoking, passive smoking, alcohol drinking, irregular meal, improper dining posture, heavy taste, dried food, pickled food, fried food, hot food, gastrointestinal history, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can increase the risk of cardiac cancer. To eat more bean and high BMI are protective factors of the single factor logistic analysis. Gastrointestinal history (OR = 42.899), dried food (OR = 5.932), irregular meal (OR = 4.911), hot food (OR = 4.144), pickled food (OR = 3.287), passive smoking (OR = 2.355), and GERD (OR = 1.930) can increase the risk of cardiac cancer, eat more bean (OR = 0.254) and BMI ≥ 25 (OR = 0.492) are protective factors of the mixture factors logistic analysis., Conclusions: Gastric cardia cancer is caused by environmental risk factors and genetic factors. Health education in high cardiac cancer incidence areas and primary prevention popularized into people's daily life will be beneficial to decreasing the incidence of gastric cardia cancer.

An investigation was made on the standing crop, spatial distribution, sediment environment of meiofauna at 33 stations (including 22 stations in cold water mass area and 9 stations in Enteromorpha prolifera bloom area) in the Yellow Sea at the late stage of E. prolifera bloom in summer 2008. In this southern Yellow Sea area which was seriously impacted by the green algal bloom, the silt and clay contents in the sediments in 2008 had an obvious increase, compared with those in 2007, and the sediment chlorophyll-a and phaeophytin a contents in 2008 did not show obvious changes in cold water mass area but distinctly decreased in southern Jiangsu inshore area and Yangtze River estuary. Within the total 16 meiofaunal groups sorted, no marked variation was observed in their vertical distribution and in the contribution of each group to the total meiofauna. In 2008, the average abundance of meiofauna was (1375 +/- 793) ind x 10 cm(-2), and the biomass was (1203 +/- 707) micro x 10 cm(-2), both of which were decreased by about 1/3, compared with those in 2007. The meiofaunal standing crop was decreased more obviously in the stations heavily affected by the E. prolifera bloom, while that in the Yellow Sea cold water mass area was slightly increased, resulting in an unusual trend of meiofaunal standing crop decreasing from the central area of cold water mass to the inshore area in the southern Yellow Sea. By contrast, and as usual, the meiofaunal standing crop was increased from the cold water mass area to the inshore area in the northern Yellow Sea. Statistical analyses suggested that only the meiofaunal abundance had positive correlation with the salinity in the stations heavily affected by the green algal bloom. Our study indicated that macroalgal bloom obviously inhibited the standing crop of meiofauna in the inshore area. The decrease was not due to the deficiency of food concentration, but likely caused by the deposition and degradation of the E. prolifera bloom.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of glycemic excursions in people with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) in Chengdu., Methods: A total of 50 non-obese people with normal glucose tolerance (NGT, 23-68 years old), normal blood pressures and lipid profiles participated in the study. The fluctuations of glucose levels in the participants were measured by a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) for three days 72 h. The 48 h mean blood glucose (MBG), mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), Largest amplitude of glycemic excursions (LAGE), Postprandial peak glucose (PPG), Postprandial glucose excursion (PPGE), Mean of postprandial glucose excursion (MPPGE), and absolute means of daily differences (MODD) were measured., Results: The number of glucose values detected by CGMS amounted to 861+/-7 with a mean absolute difference (MAD) of 11.3%+/-10.6%. The CGMS values were significantly correlated with the capillary glucose measurements (n=1076, r=0.761, P<0.005). The participants had a MBG of (5.9+/-1.2) mmol/L, a MAGE of (1.7+/-0.7) mmol/L, a LAGE of (4.4+/-1.9) mmol/L, a daily glycemic peak (PPG) of (8.7+/-1.7) mmol/L, a nadir level of (4.3+/-0.7) mmol/L, a MPPGE of (2.3+/-1.6) mmol/L, and a MODD of (0.75+/-0.79) mmol/L. The post-breakfast Postprandial glycemic excursions (PPGE) were lower than those of post-lunch and post-dinner (P=0.01 and P=0.05). The postprandial glucose excursions in the 60-70 year-old participants were the highest (P<0.022). In 95% (77%-100%) of the daytime, the glycose levels fluctuated between 4.1 and 8.8 mmol/L, and 78% of the participants (n=39) had hyperglycemia (BG>7.8 mmol/L) and 10% (n=5) had asymtomatic hypoglycemia (BG<2.8 mmol/L)., Conclusion: CGMS tests may be important for detecting asymptomatic hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. The NGT people in Chengdu have exhibited abnormal blood glucose values in CGMS, revealing problems in people with normal range of blood glucose.

Objective: To identify the differences and contributing factors of plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) in people with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and people who had normal glucose tolerance (NGT), and to explore the association between plasma tHcy and diabetic vascular complications., Methods: One hundred and thirty-five people (fifty-five in NGT group, eighty in T2DM group) were enrolled in this cross sectional study. The height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, and blood pressure of the participants were measured. The body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. The fasting plasma tHcy, serum vitamin B12, and plasma folic acid were determined. Oral glucose tolerance test and insulin releasing test were performed to assess insulin secretion area under the curve (AUC) and insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR). Lipid profiles were also assessed at the same time., Results: T2DM patients had significantly higher plasma tHcy [(21.09 +/- 10.99) micromol/L] than the people in the NGT group [(3.70 +/- 5.54) micromol/L, P=0.000). The stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that LnAUCGlu and WC were independent contributors to the increase of plasma tHcy (adjusting R2=0.378, P=0.000). The logistic regression analysis showed that tHcy (OR=1.109) and age (OR=1.146) were associated with diabetic macroangiopathy., Conclusion: Plasma tHcy increase in patients with type II diabetes. Glucose and WC are important contributors to the increase of plasma tHcy in T2DM patients. The increase of plasma tHcy contributes to diabetic macroangiopathy.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness and security of autologous platelet-rich gel (APG) in the treatment of refractory diabetic dermal ulcers., Methods: Thirteen diabetic patients with refractory skin lesions were enrolled for this study, and APG was produced by platelet (PLT)-rich plasma (PRP) with thrombin and calcium gluconate. APG treatment consisted of wound dressed with APG, followed by topical washing and cleaning. The APG was then covered with Vaseline gauze and left for 48 to 72 hours, after which the wounds were treated conventionally until the next PLT-gel treatment. The clinical endpoints of the study were the healing rate., Results: A total of 13 patients entered the pilot study. There were no drop-outs in the study. 69.2% ulcers were cured, and especially the ulcer areas were reduced significantly in the first 3 weeks; no adverse reactions were observed., Conclusion: Topical therapy with APG may be considered as an effective adjuvant method to treating refractory diabetic dermal ulcer.

Objective: To predict the abdominal subcutaneous adipose area (SA) and visceral adipose area (VA) with simple anthropometric parameters in Chinese male patients with type 2 diabetes., Methods: The SA and VA were measured by Computed Tomography (CT) in 91 Chinese male patients with type 2 diabetes. The anthropometric parameters used in predicting the SA and VA included weight (W), height (H), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) and waist to hip ratio (WHR). The multiple stepwise regression analysis was undertaken in a randomly selected sample with 77 subjects (80% of total subjects) to establish predictive equations between the SA or VA and the anthropometric parameters. The equations were then cross-validated in the remaining 14 subjects (20% of total subjects) that had not been included in the regression analysis., Results: The BMI and WC entered into the final predictive equation for the SA, while the BMI remained to be the only variable for predicting the SA. The differences between the predicted values and the observed values were 2.06% and 4.34% for the VA and SA respectively., Conclusion: The VA and SA in Chinese male patients with type 2 diabetes can be well predicted by anthropometric measurements.