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Objective To investigate the clinical significance of intraoperative B-ultrasound real- time monitoring in craniotomy for patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). Methods From March 2017 to June 2019, 64 patients with sTBI who met the admission criteria were included in the study. Craniotomy and/or decompressive craniectomy were performed. According to the application of real-time B- ultrasound-guided surgery, the patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: ultrasound group (n = 32) and control group (n = 32). The operation time, the number of new hematoma during and after operation, the probability of bone flap removal, the probability of second operation and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score were recorded. Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) was used to evaluate the prognosis and calculate the good prognosis rate. Results In the ultrasound group, 32 cases were successfully operated under the guidance of B-ultrasound, and the detection rate of new hematoma was 76% (19/25). The rate of hematoma clearance rate > 90% [84.38% (27/32) vs. 59.38% (19/32); χ² = 4.947, P = 0.026], GCS score at 3 d after operation (11.38 ± 3.54 vs. 9.19 ± 3.81; t = 2.382, P = 0.020) and good prognosis rate at discharge [56.25% (18/32) vs. 31.25% (10/32); χ² = 0.077, P = 0.038] in the ultrasound group were higher than those in the control group, but there were no significant differences in the operation time, the probability of bone flap removal and the probability of second operation between 2 groups (P > 0.05, for all). Conclusions Intraoperative real-time B-ultrasound-guided surgery can improve the prognosis of patients with sTBI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants usually display symptom such as mosaic, deformation, chlorosis or necrosis after virus infection. These symptoms would directly cause substantial losses in crop yield, and reduce crop quality in agriculture production. Therefore, the mechanism of plant virus disease symptom development has long been a concern by the people. This paper summarized the latest advances made in home and abroad during the recent years from virus and host fields, respectively and particularly the identified virus components and the host factors involved in symptom development. On this basis, the paper also analyzed and discussed the molecular mechanisms of virus symptom development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new electromagnetic shielding material named energy selective surface is introduced in this paper. The shielding theory and the configuration of the material were analyzed. The impedance of the material and the relationship of incident electric field strength and the transmission electric field strength were studied. The protection ability was tested on the effect of continues wave and electromagnetic pulse (EMP). The results show that the protection ability rises with higher of irradiation electric field strength, and delay time that the material has the protection ability becomes shorter with higher of irradiation electric field strength. On the effect of EMP, the material has no protection ability with narrow pulse, because the diode needs delay time to enter conducting state, and the pulse width is shorter than the delay time of the diode. In the end, some solutions are put forward for the protection of EMP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The average velocity of space debris impacting on on-orbit spacecrafts is 10 km/s, and 90% of them in low earth orbit are the middle and low density materials. The experiments of Mylar foil and Al flyer impacting on Al shield structure at 14 km/s and about 9 km/s, respectively, are done by electric gun and magnetic driving technology, and the damage results of Mylar foil and Al flyer impacting on shield structure are obtained. The results show that the debris cloud created by Al flyer impacting on Al shielding slab at about 9km/s contains fluid state and even gas state, and the debris cloud created by Mylar foil impacting on Al shielding material at 14km/s is solid state. For the Mylar foil flyer, the shielding effect of double shield structure is better than that of the single layer structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper determined the contact-killing and fumigant activities of natural plant product bisdemethoxycurcumin ( BDMC) on the important phytophagous mite Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Acari: Tetranychidae) at its different life stages, and studied the repellency effects of BDMC on the mite larvae, nymphs, and adults, and the inhibition efficiency of BDMC on the female mite ovi- position under the conditions of 26 °C ±1 °C, 60% -80% RH, and light cycle 14L :10D h. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of BDMC at 48 h against female adults determined by slide-dip method was 0.433 mg•mL-1. At concentration 0.883 mg•mL-1(LC70), the contact-killing activ- ity of BDMC against different life stage T. cinnabarinus was in the order of larva > nymph > adult > egg, and the corrected mortality of larvae at 24 h and 48 h was 60.0% and 83.3%, respectively. BDMC had no obvious fumigant activity against different life stage T. cinnabarinus, and the correc- ted mortality was all less than 3% after treatment 24 h and 48 h. BDMC had stronger repellency ac- tivity against the mite, with the repellency rate against larvae at different treatment times all above 85%, followed by against nymphs, and that against adults after 72 h being only 47.8%. BDMC had obvious oviposition inhibition activity against female adults, with the inhibition rate after 120 h reached 89.3%. All the results suggested that the main action modes of BDMC against T. cinnaba- rinus were contact-killing, repellency, and oviposition inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shake table test for studying the pile-soil-structure seismic interaction in !iquefiable ground was carried out, and the characteristics of seismic response of the structure were investigated. Results show that under small seismic input, the dynamic response of foundation is relatively small, while the pore pressure reaches its peak within several seconds after the peak input acceleration time and then, almost immediately, begins to dissipate. Slight liquefaction occurs in the upper sand layer, and the difference of peak pore pressure between far-pile area and near-pile area is very little. The dynamic deformation of pile-pier manifests specific elasticity, and the confinement effect of foundation on the seismic response of the pile cannot be neglected. The dynamic strain of pile in sand is larger than that in clay. On the other hand, the dynamic strain of pile in clay is much larger than that of pier, due to the co-action of confinement effect of upper clay on the pile and counterweight inertia effect of the pier top. While inputting the large seismic wave, complete liquefaction, accompanied by strong shear flow, occurs in a short time. The pore pressure increases immediately after the peak input acceleration time, then increases to its peak gradually, and the dissipation rate is also very low. The peak pore pressure of near-pile area, different from the case of small seismic input, is much larger than that of far-pile area. Dynamic response of pile-pier is quite violent, and the fixing point of pile greatly moves upwards, as a result of large counterweight inertia effect together with complete liquefaction in sand. A large range of damage locates around the interface of sand and upper clay layers, and the pile breaks in the clay layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an effective stress-based numerical model for dynamic analysis of soil liquefaction considering the effect of confining pressure on of dynamic properties soil, which can be used to describe the pore pressure increment and the consequent loss of soil strength due to earthquake-induced shaking. The emendatory hyperbolic model which meets Masing rule is adopted for nonlinear analysis of soils in numerical model. The pore pressure generation is calculated using the equivalent cycle pore pressure model developed by Ishibashi and Sherif et al. To demonstrate the relability of the new method for dynamic soil liquefaction analysis, a two-dimensional numerical model is directly established to simulate shaking table test for seismic response of liquefiable ground, the parallel spring-damper connection is used to simulate the artificial boundary of computational domain and the Wilson-θ integral method is selected to solve dynamic equations of seismic response. The results obtained from the new analysis agree well with recorded accelerations and pore pressure ratio in the shaking table test, which shows the reliability and validity of the numerical mode [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Slope reliability of stability problem is in essence a system problem, where slope may fail along any individual slip surface. Based on the analysis of the correlation between factors of safety of different slip surfaces, an approach to identify representative slip surfaces was proposed. Sets of random samples were generated by Monte Carlo simulation, and the output corresponding to each set of random samples was selected as the minimum factor of safety among those of representative slip surfaces instead of total potential slip surfaces. The proposed methodology of slope system reliability method based on representative slip surface was applied to two excerpted examples and the effects of values of threshold correlation coefficient ρ0 were studied. The effectiveness and efficiency of the methodology were validated against results from different methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shengli lignite was pyrolyzed under 650 °C in a fixed-bed reactor. Fusinitic coal (containing 73.40% inertinite) and xyloid coal ( containing 98. 67% huminite) were separated under semi-coke using optical microscope. The combustion reactivity, in terms of combustion parameters such as ignition index, burn out index, was calculated by thermogravimetric analysis. The combustion kinetics of both fusinitic coal and xyloid coal were regressively calculated. The results show that fusinitic coal and xyloid coal possess porous structure and compact structure respectively. The specific surface area of fusinitic coal is 21 times larger than that of xyloid coal. The combustion reactivity of fusinitic coal is much higher than that of xyloid coal in the " burn out" condition. Both the homogeneous and the shrinking core model can regressively fit the combustion processes of fusinitic coal and xyloid coal accurately. The activation energy of fusinitic coal is much lower than that of xyloid coal, which is the essential reason for higher combustion reactivity of fusinitic coal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional methods to characterize the moisture in coals have to damage coal samples, and there are many difficulties in the application of BET method lo test the pore structure of coals. The moisture occurrence state and pore structure evolution of lignite in low temperature drying process were investigated by means of ¹H-NMR, specifically including the dynamic development of the transverse relaxation time T2 of lignite moisture during in situ drying process and the varying patterns of pores distribution. The results show that the non-freezing water and bound water account for main part of the moisture in Shengli lignite during natural drying. The binding force of bound water is weak, part of which could be desorbed easily below 50°C. After being dried, the binding of moisture in coal samples rises with the increase of temperature. The proportion of mesopores decreases after being low temperature dried and dehydrated at 105°C,at the same time,the micropore and macropores or cracks increase,and the moisture leaves,mainly non-freezing water stays in the pores of less than 10 nm. At this point,the pores containing moisture only account for 19% of all pores, much less than that of raw coal, 58%. The ¹H-NMR is an efficient tool for continuously monitoring the change of pore size distribution and the moisture of coals. Therefore, the ¹H-NMR is especially practical for characterizing the moisture occurrence state and pore structure of coals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the mechanism of total saponins of Paridis Rhizoma in inducing the ferroptosis of MCF-7 cells and provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of breast cancer with total saponins of Paridis Rhizoma. The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay was employed to examine the effects of different concentrations of total saponins of Paridis Rhizoma on the proliferation of MCF-7 cells. A phase contrast inverted microscope was used to observe the morphological changes of MCF-7 cells. The colony formation assay was employed to test the colony formation of MCF-7 cells. The lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release test was conducted to determine the cell membrane integrity of MCF-7 cells. The cell scratch assay was employed to examine the migration of MCF-7 cells. After that, the level of reactive oxygen species(ROS) in MCF-7 cells was observed by an inverted fluorescence microscope, and the content of Fe~(2+) in MCF-7 cells was detected by the corresponding kit. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to observe the mitochondrial ultrastructure of MCF-7 cells. Western blot was employed to determine the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins, such as p53, solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11), glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4), acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4(ACSL4), and transferrin receptor protein 1(TFR1) in MCF-7 cells. The results showed that 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, 7.5, and 9 μg·mL~(-1) total saponins of Paridis Rhizoma significantly inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells, with the IC_(50) of 4.12 μg·mL~(-1). Total saponins of Paridis Rhizoma significantly damaged the morphology of MCF-7 cells, leading to the formation of vacuoles and the gradual shrinkage and detachment of cells. Meanwhile, total saponins of Paridis Rhizoma inhibited the colony formation of MCF-7 cells, destroyed the cell membrane(leading to the release of LDH), and shortened the migration distance of MCF-7 cells. Total saponins of Paridis Rhizoma treatment significantly increased the content of ROS, induced oxidative damage, and led to the accumulation of Fe~(2+) in MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, total saponins of Paridis Rhizoma changed the mitochondrial structure, increased the mitochondrial membrane density, led to the decrease or even disappear of ridges, promoted the expression of p53 protein, down-regulated the expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4, and up-regulated the expression of ACSL4 and TFR1. In summary, total saponins of Paridis Rhizoma can significantly inhibit the proliferation and migration of MCF-7 cells and destroy the cell structure by inducing ferroptosis.

This study aims to decipher the mechanism of sinomenine in inhibiting platelet-derived growth factor/platelet-derived growth factor receptor(PDGF/PDGFR) signaling pathway in rheumatoid arthritis-fibroblast-like synoviocyte(RA-FLS) migration induced by neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs). RA-FLS was isolated from the synovial tissue of 3 RA patients and cultured. NETs were extracted from the peripheral venous blood of 4 RA patients and 4 healthy control(HC). RA-FLS was classified into control group, HC-NETs group, RA-NETs group, RA-NETs+sinomenine group and RA-NETs+sinomenine+CP-673451 group. RNA-sequencing(RNA-seq) was conducted to identify the differentially expressed genes between HC-NETs and RA-NETs groups. Sangerbox was used to perform the Gene Ontology(GO) function and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment. Cytoscape was employed to build the protein-protein interaction(PPI) network. AutoDock Vina and PyMOL were used for molecular docking of sinomenine with PDGFβ and PDGFRβ. The cell proliferation and migration were determined by the cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) and cell scratch assay, respectively. Western blot was employed to determine the protein level of PDGFRβ. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR) was carried out to determine the mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs). The results revealed that neutrophils in RA patients were more likely to produce NETs. Compared with HC-NETs group, RA-NETs group showed up-regulated expression of PDGFβ and PDGFRβ. Compared with control group, RA-NETs group showed increased cell proliferation and migration and up-regulated protein level of PDGFRβ and mRNA levels of PDGFβ, PDGFRβ, MMP1, MMP3, and MMP9(P<0.05). Compared with RA-NETs group, RA-NETs+sinomenine group presented decreased cell proliferation and migration and down-regulated protein and mRNA level of PDGFRβ and mRNA levels of MMP1, MMP3, and MMP9(P<0.05). Compared with RA-NETs+sinomenine group, the proliferation ability of RA-NETs+sinomenine+CP-673451 group decreased(P<0.05). The findings prove that sinomenine reduces the RA-NETs-induced RA-FLS migration by inhibiting PDGF/PDGFR signaling pathway, thus mitigating RA.

Objective: To investigate the effects of nano-SiO 2 and cold on the cytotoxicity and secretion of inflammatory factors in human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line A549. Methods: A549 was used as experimental subject, a single factor multilevel experiment was designed, A549 cells were exposed to 10, 50, 100, 200 μg/ml nano-SiO 2 particles and/or cultured at 31℃, 33℃, 35℃ for 48 h. After that, cell morphology was observed and relative cell survival rate was detected. According to the results of single factor analysis and based on the selection of nano-SiO 2 dose and temperature that significantly reduced the relative survival rate of A549 cells, the experiment was designed according to 2×2 factor analysis , they were divided into 4 groups: control group(37℃), Nano-SiO 2 exposure group, low temperature exposure group, Nano-SiO 2 and low temperature composite group. After exposure for 48 h, the supernatant of cell culture medium was collected for detecting the LDH activity by colorimetric method and the levels of cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were determined by ELISA. The mRNA levels of cellular IL-6 and IL-8 were detected by qRT-PCR. Results: The activities of A549 cells in 100 μg/ml Nano-SiO 2 group and 31℃ low temperature group were decreased significantly. Under the combined conditions, the activity of A549 cells was most inhibited ( P ＜0.01), and the levels of inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-8 and mRNA were significantly increased ( P ＜0.01). Conclusion: 100 μg/ml Nano-SiO 2 combined with 31℃ cold exposure can synergistically reduce the activity of A549 cells and increase the expression level of inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-8 .

Objective To investigate the value of head and neck CT angiography(CTA)in the evaluation of intraoperative hemorrhage of carotid body tumours. Methods Head and neck CTA images of 36 patients with carotid body tumours confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were divided into two groups based on the intraoperative bleeding volume:<500 ml and≥500 ml groups.The patient's age,sex,Shamblin classification,size of the lesion,number of blood supply arteries,course of the disease,plain scan,and enhanced CT value between two groups were compared and analyzed.Logistics regression equation was established based on the CTA parameters with significant differences between the two intraoperative bleeding volume groups,and combined parameter was acquired.The receiver operating characteristic curve was established based on CTA single and combined parameters. Results The bleeding volume during the operation of carotid body tumors was significantly correlated with the age of patients( P =0.019),the maximum diameter of tumours on axial images( P =0.003),the maximum upper and lower diameters( P =0.004),Shamblin classification( P =0.012),and number of blood supply arteries( P <0.001).The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the number of feeding arteries,the maximum diameter of axial images,maximum upper and lower diameters,Shamblin classification,and combined parameters were 0.865,0.781,0.806,0.766,and 0.927,respectively.When the optimal critical value was 0.408,the Youden index was 0.794,and the corresponding accuracy,sensitivity,and specificity were 0.919,0.909,and 0.923,respectively. Conclusions Preoperative head and neck CTA can be used to evaluate the intraoperative blood loss.Combined parameters has the best diagnostic performance compared with single parameters.

Objective: To study the effects of cold exposure on estrous cycle of female C57BL/6 mice., Methods: Twelve healthy female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into two groups: control group and cold exposure group, 6 in each group. Cold exposure group was exposed to 4℃, 4 h per day, while control group stayed in normal conditions. Vaginal smears were used to observe the estrous cycle. After 2 weeks, blood and uteri were collected from each mouse after anesthetized and weighted. Serum levels of estradiol(E2), follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH), luteinizing hormone(LH), prolactin(Prl) and progesterone(P) were determined by using mouse ELISA kits. The uterus and ovary pathological slices were prepared to observe the structural changes., Results: Compared with the control group, body weight gain showed no significant differences (P＞0.05). The cold group had significant lower coefficients of uterus and the diestrus phase was significantly increased after cold exposure (P＜0.01). Serum level of FSH in cold group was higher and Prl was lower significantly (P＜0.01). Pathological examination of uterus and ovary showed that uterine glands of cold group were expanded and the amount of follicles was decreased significantly., Conclusion: Cold exposure might increase mouse estrous cycle and affect their reproductive function.

To further study the mechanism of sprout tumble caused by drought,drought stress was simulating with 30% PEG 6000,physiological,and then the morphological changes of Pinellia ternata cells at different treatment time were detected. The results indicated that,along with the period of drought stress continued,the contents of chlorophyll and water potential were decreased,relative electrical conductivity,contents of soluble sugar and MDA increased. Sprout tumble of P. ternata first occurred on the fourth day during drought stress,large scale of sprout tumble appeared on the eighth day with about 73% of tumble rate. The nuclei exposed to drought stress for 2 days were flattened,lobed,invalidated or irregular in shape and significant showed the apoptotic morphological characteristics. Adenylate transferase( ANT) gene expressions were inhibited by drought,with the rapid increase of Caspase-3 enzyme activity,the cell death rate increased. All this proves that the essence of sprout tumble caused by drought is programmed cell death,which may be a self dormancy protection mechanism of P. ternata against adverse environment.

To provide theoretical basis for the water-saving, high-yield and good quality cultivation techniques of drip-irrigated winter wheat, the wheat cultivar 'Xindong 22' was adopted as the test material, and five irrigation amounts including 3150 (W 1 ), 3900 (W 2 ), 4650 (W 3 ), 5400 (W 4 ) and 0 (CK) m 3 ·hm -2 were adopted to investigate effects of drip irrigation amount on grain filling dynamics and quality traits in 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 wheat growing seasons in Xinjiang. Results indicated that the grain-filling dynamics of drip-irrigated winter wheat in different treatments presented the "S" shape curve, and accorded with the Logistic model with high fitting degree. The fast increase period of wheat grain-filling was measured at 12-20 days after anthesis. The maximum filling rate (V m ) increased at first and decreased later with the increase of drip irrigation amount, and was obtained in the treatment W 3 in the two seasons, which was 2.16 g·d -1 and 2.59 g·d -1 , respectively. With the increase in drip irrigation amount, the bulk mass, protein content, flour extraction rate, wet gluten content, dough stability time, degree of softening, dough extension resis-tance and draw ratio of the drip-irrigated wheat firstly increased and decreased later, and the maxima of these indexes were measured in W 3 . However, the water absorption rate and extensibility of dough initially decreased and then increased, and the minimum was obtained in the treatment of W 3 . The sedimentation value increased gradually and the dough development time decreased progressively. Treatment W 3 had the highest grain yield of 8913 kg·hm -2 in 2013 and 8602 kg·hm -2 in 2014, which was 25.0%, 14.8%, 4.4%, 35.6% and 12.4%, 2.8%, 1.1%, 33.0% higher than the treatments of W 1 , W 2 , W 4 and CK in 2013 and 2014, respectively. In conclusion, drip irrigation of 4650 m 3 ·hm -2 during the whole growing season of winter wheat could realize the target of high-yield and good quality in local natural condition.

Objective: To study the effect of acute cold exposure on the expression of aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) and AQP-5 in lung tissues and the changes of ultrastructural pathological changes after cold exposure in rats., Methods: Twelve male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group (23±2)℃ and cold (-25℃) exposure group, the exposure time was 2 h. Rectal temperatures of the rats were measured immediately after cold exposure. The ultrastructural pathological changes of pulmonary tissue were observed by transmission electronic microscope. The mRNA expression of AQP-1 and AQP-5 was measured by RT-PCR. The protein expression of AQP-1 and AQP-5 was measured by Western blot., Results: The body core temperatures(28.07±4.15)℃ of the cold exposure group were decreased significantly compared with the control group(37.33±0.25)℃ ( P <0.05). In acute cold exposure group, the main pathological changes of pulmonary ulstructure included pulmoary epithelial basement membrane thickening, and karyopyknosis of AT-I cells, and vacuolization on the cytoplasm of (AT-Ⅱ) cells. After acute cold exposure, the levels of both mRNA and potein expressions of AQP-5 were decreased significantly ( P <0.05) compared with those in the control group. while AQP-1 expression level showed no statistical significance between control group and cold exposure group., Conclusions: There might be some cause and effect relationship between lung tissue damage by cold exposure and the levels of mRNA and potein expressions of AQP-5 decreased after acute cold exposure.

Schmallenberg virus (SBV), a novel orthobunyavirus, was first isolated in 2011. SBV preferentially infects the central nervous system of cattle and sheep and causes fever, diarrhea, a drop in milk yields, congenital malformations and stillbirths. Until June 2014, more than 200 scientific publications regarding SBV have been published. Although more than 20 articles on SVB were published in China, most of these articles provided only a brief introduction of the disease without fully discussing the associated disease characteristics. As a new disease, it has been made a focus of the National Research Center for Exotic Animal Diseases at the China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center. In this review, in order to provide a reference for research into SBV in China, we have reviewed the state of current research progress on the etiology, diagnosis and epidemiology of SBV, and vaccine development.

By using slide-dip bioassay method under laboratory condition, an investigation was made on the lethal effects of scopoletin, bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), and their combination at an optimal mass ratio (7:6) of scopoletin to BDMC against the adult females of Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisd. A time-dose mortality model (TDM) was established, which passed the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. The sensitivity of the adult females to the concentration change of the acaricides was in the sequence of scopoletin > optimal mass ratio of scopoletin to BDMC > BDMC. The peak mortality of the female adults was found at 32, 28 and 32 h after treated with BDMC, scopoletin, and their combination at the optimal mass ratio, respectively. The values of the LC50 and LC90 at 48 h after treated with BDMC, scopoletin, and their combination at the optimal mass ratio were 0.3324, 0.2035 and 0.2195 mg x mL(-1), and 2.1198, 0.9521 and 1.1617 mg x mL(-1), and the median lethal time (LT50) of BDMC, scopoletin, and their combination at the optimal mass ratio was 7.4, 6.0 and 6.1 h at the concentration 1.0 mg x mL(-1), and 6.4, 4.8 and 5.0 h at the concentration 2.0 mg x mL(-1), respectively. The acaricidal activity and time-dose response of the optimal combination of scopoletin and BDMC were closer to those of scopoletin, suggesting a synergistic acaricidal activity of the combination of scopoletin and BDMC, which was worthy to be developed for application.

This paper determined the contact-killing and fumigant activities of natural plant product bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) on the important phytophagous mite Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Acari:Tetranychidae) at its different life stages, and studied the repellency effects of BDMC on the mite larvae, nymphs, and adults, and the inhibition efficiency of BDMC on the female mite oviposition under the conditions of 26 degrees C +/- 1 degree C, 60%-80% RH, and light cycle 14L : 10D h. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of BDMC at 48 h against female adults determined by slide-dip method was 0.433 mg x mL(-1). At concentration 0.883 mg x mL(-1) (LC70), the contact-killing activity of BDMC against different life stage T. cinnabarinus was in the order of larva > nymph > adult > egg, and the corrected mortality of larvae at 24 h and 48 h was 60.0% and 83.3%, respectively. BDMC had no obvious fumigant activity against different life stage T. cinnabarinus, and the corrected mortality was all less than 3% after treatment 24 h and 48 h. BDMC had stronger repellency activity against the mite, with the repellency rate against larvae at different treatment times all above 85%, followed by against nymphs, and that against adults after 72 h being only 47.8%. BDMC had obvious oviposition inhibition activity against female adults, with the inhibition rate after 120 h reached 89.3%. All the results suggested that the main action modes of BDMC against T. cinnabarinus were contact-killing, repellency, and oviposition inhibition.

A dithiocarbamate flocculant, DTC (T403), was prepared by the reaction of amine-terminated polyoxypropane-ether compound known as Jeffamine-T403 and carbon disulfide in alkaline solution. The oil removal efficiency of DTC (T403) for simulated produced wastewater from polymer flooding in oil production was studied by Jar-test. The effect of the dosage of DTC (T403), hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions, and pH on the oil removal efficiency of DTC (T403) was investigated. The results showed that the chelate polymer formed by DTC (T403) and Fe2+ ion has good oil removal performance by net capturing mechanism. HPAM had a negative effect on oil removal efficiency of DTC (T403). For the treatment of the simulated wastewater containing 0-900 mg/L of HPAM and 300 mg/L of oil, the residual oil concentrations in water samples decreased below 10 mg/L when the dosage of Fe2+ and DTC (T403) was 10 mg/L and 25 mg/L, respectively. The oil removal efficiency of DTC (T403) was affected by pH and good oil removal efficiency was obtained when the pH was below 7.5. DTC (T403) is appropriate for the treatment of oily wastewater containing Fe2+ ion.

Objective: To investigate the neoplastic nature of fibrous dysplasia by molecular clonality approaches., Methods: Twenty-one cases of fibrous dysplasia were examined by clonality assays based on X-chromosomal inactivation mosiacism. Lesional and non-lesional tissues were microdissected from paraffin sections followed by DNA extraction. The DNA was predigested by HpaII or HhaI, and then amplified by nested PCR targeting phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) and androgen receptor (AR) genes. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at the PGK locus was identified by incubation of the PCR products with Bst XI and agarose gel electrophoresis, and CAG repeat length polymorphism at AR locus was determined by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and visualized by silver staining., Results: Microscopically, all 21 cases showed characteristic features of fibrous dysplasia, including spindle fibrous cell proliferation and immature bone trabeculae at various proportions. DNA polymorphisms at AR locus and SNP of PGK gene were found in 15 of 21, and 4 of 21 cases, respectively. All 19 cases were monoclonal in nature. Two cases showed no polymorphism at either AR or PGK gene locus., Conclusions: Fibrous dysplasia is likely a clonal, neoplastic process. Additional studies of larger number of cases are needed for a definitive conclusion.

Aim: To observe the apoptosis of cells in rat corneal grafts at acute rejection phase and explore the effects of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) on cell apoptosis., Methods: The penetrating corneal transplantation model was established. Corneal grafting was divided into four groups, namely, normal Wistar rat control group (no grafting, group A), isograft (Wistar rat-->Wistar rat, group B), allograft (Wistar rat-->SD rat) with normal saline treatment (group C) and allograft (Wistar rat-->SD rat) with IL-1ra treatment (group D). Cell apoptosis in corneal grafts was detected by TUNEL staining at 7 d, 10 d and 14 d after transplantation, and an automatic image analyzer was used to analyze the results, which were expressed as positive unit (PU). The changes of cellular ultrastructure in corneal grafts were observed under transmission electron microscope., Results: (1)The average survival time of corneal grafts in C and D groups was (10.38+/-1.85) d and (13.56+/-1.94) d, respectively, with significant difference (P<0.01). (2)As compared with normal and non-rejected corneas, cell apoptosis and necrosis commonly existed in corneal grafts which rejection had occur. (3)In normal corneas, there were merely a very small number apoptotic cells in epithelial laminal, and apoptotic cells were found hardly in stromal laminal and endothelial cell layers. However, sporadic apoptotic cells were found in all layers of corneal grafts in B, C and D groups at 10 d after transplantation, the average PU being of no notably difference (P>0.05). Apoptosis obviously increased in nearby regions of wound and central area of corneal grafts in C and D groups, especially in C group. The apoptotic cells were distributed mainly in basal layer of epithelial cells and stroma of superficial layer., Conclusion: Cell apoptosis plays an important role in corneal graft rejection reaction. IL-1ra treatment can prolong the survival time of corneal grafts by means of suppression of cell apoptosis in corneal grafts.

Objective: To observe the roles of subconjunctival administration of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) promoting corneal graft survival in rat models of high-risk penetrating keratoplasty., Methods: Corneal vascularization was induced in 40 Sprague-Dawley rats (40 eyes) by passing 10-0 silk suture through the corneal stroma, and 30 of these rats received corneal grafts from Wistar rats to establish high-risk keratoplasty models and were divided into 3 groups to receive their respective treatment with IL-1ra eye drops (50 microg/ml), 1% CsA eye drops, administered 3 times a day, or no treatment. All the rats were treated by Tobra Dex eye drops and Tropicamid eye drops, 3 times a day for 14 consecutive days after the operation. During the 30-day observation, the survival of the grafts was recorded, and all the grafts were evaluated for signs of rejection., Results: The mean survival times (MST) of the grafts of the treatment groups with IL-1ra and CsA were 12.00+/-1.50 d and 10.44+/-1.13 d respectively, significantly longer than that in the untreated model group (8.00+/-1.25 d, t=0.00, P<0.01), and the difference in the MST between the 2 treatment groups was also significant (t=0.00, P<0.01)., Conclusion: Treatment with IL-1ra may significantly prolong high-risk corneal allograft survival.

We reviewed the efficacy in all of excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for the correction of myopia with excessively thin central cornea. the postoperative uncorrected visual acuity recovered the preoperative best corrected visual acuity the 67 cases (118 corneas) reviewed,. Diopter regression rate was 16.95% ear, and the incidence of corneal haze was 35.59% s demonstrate that PRK is an effective and safe method for myopia with thin central cornea.