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Objective To evaluate the vertical distance between the maxillary first molars (MFMs) and the maxillary sinus floor (MSF) and its interrelationship with sex, age, and vertical facial pattern in skeletal ClassⅡ patients to provide a reference for clinical orthodontic treatment. Methods Sixty teenagers and sixty adults with skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion who met the inclusion criteria were selected to evaluate the vertical relationship between the MFMs and the MSF on cone-beam CT (CBCT) images. The vertical distance between the roots of the MFMs and the MSF was measured. Statistical analysis was used to assess differences between patients by sex, age, and vertical facial pattern. Results The contact percent of the roots of MFMs and MSF was 85% and 56% in skeletal Class Ⅱ teenagers and adults, respectively. The contact percent and penetration percent of the roots with MSF were higher in teenagers than in adults（P0.05); No significant difference was found between different sexes of skeletal Class Ⅱ patients when comparing the distance of the MFMs and the MSF (P>0.05). The MFMs of skeletal Class Ⅱ teenagers were closer to the MSF than those of adults (P0.05). In the teenager group, the MFMs were more closely related to the MSF in the NA and HA groups than in the LA group. Among them, the difference between the mesiobuccal roots and distalbuccal roots was significantly different (P0.05). Conclusion The MFMs were closer to the MSF in skeletal Class Ⅱ teenagers than in adults. The distance between the MFMs and MSF was associated with the vertical facial pattern in skeletal Class Ⅱ teenagers, while it was not associated with the vertical facial pattern in adult patients.

Objective To compare the effectiveness of water of different quality in the cleaning of reusable medical instruments. Methods Totally 360 pieces of reusable medical instruments were included as the research objects. According to different stratified sampling of contaminated instruments, this study conducted tap water treatment (group A, n=100), soft water treatment (group B, n=153) and pure water treatment (group C, n=107). The cleaning effect was detected by visual inspection(magnifier with a light source)and ATP bioluminescence device. Results According to the outcomes of assessment by visual inspection(including magnifier with a light source), there was no significant difference in cleaning effect between three groups (P＞0. 05). According to the outcomes of assessment by ATP bioluminescence, higher quality of cleaning was observed in those instruments with low level of contamination after pre-treatment(P＜0. 01); The cleaning effect of instrument treated with pure water was better than that of devices treated with soft water and tap water in the process of washing and rinsing(P＜0. 05). Conclusion The pre-treatment has an impact on the cleaning quality of reusable medical instruments, which means that better pre-treatment condition is associated with higher cleaning quality . The cleaning quality of medical instruments treated with pure water in whole process is better than that of medical instrument treated by washing and rinsing with tap water and soft water. (目的 探讨采用不同清洗水对复用医疗器械清洗质量的影响。方法 选取360组复用医疗器械, 根据器械污染程度的不同进行分层便利抽样, 分别采用自来水清洗处理(n=100)、软水清洗处理(n=153)、纯水清洗处理(n=107), 通过目测法(包含带光源放大镜观察法)和检测ATP值测定清洗效果。结果 经目测法和带光源放大镜检测, 三组清洗质量合格率差异无统计学意义(P＞0. 05)。根据ATP测定结果, 轻度污染器械的清洗效果优于中度污染和重度污染器械, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01); 纯水组清洗合格率高于自来水组和软水组清洗合格率, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。结论 使用科室对器械预处理质量影响消毒供应器械清洗质量, 预处理越好的器械清洗效果越好; 采用纯水进行冲洗、洗涤、漂洗的普通器械, 其清洗质量优于自来水和软水清洗的器械。)

BACKGROUND The orchard soil environment is closely related to kiwifruit yield, quality and its edible safety. Research shows that the nutrient insufficiency and uneven distribution in kiwifruit orchard soil is a common problem in China, and in some areas, the content of heavy metals in soil has been found to exceed the environmental quality standard for soils. In recent years, the planting area of Kiwifruit in Zhejiang Province has been expanded year by year, being one of the important kiwifruit producing areas in China. OBJECTIVES To study the present situation of soil environmental quality in kiwifruit orchards in Jiangshan City, Zhejiang Province. METHODS Two typical kiwifruit orchards were selected to collect samples of soil, rock and fruit, and the content of heavy metals, nutrients and physical and chemical parameters of soil and rock samples were determined by atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The environmental quality and ecological risk assessment of orchard soil were carried out with the main research contents of nutrient abundance and deficiency in orchard soil, influence factors, heavy metal content and fruit edible safety. RESULTS The results showed that the content of Ag, Bi, Co, Cr, Ni, Sb, Se, V and SiO2 in the soil of the two orchards were lower than those of Quzhou City and Zhejiang Province, while Pb and Al2O3 contents were higher than those of Quzhou City and Zhejiang Province. The characteristics of soil element content were obviously controlled by the natural geological background. Soil pH value ranged from 4.61 to 6.30. According to the classification standard in DZ/T 0295-2016, the soils in the studied area belonged to strong acidic and acidic soils. Nutrient elements K, Ge, Mo and Zn were abundant, but N, P, Mn and S were deficient. The maximum value of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn in the soil samples were 21.84, 0.22, 23.53, 20.47, 0.06, 8.82, 53.84 and 133mg/kg, respectively, which were far lower than the screening value of soil pollution risk for agricultural land (standard limit were 40, 0.3, 150, 150, 1.3, 60, 70, 200mg/kg when pH ≤ 5.5). The risk of soil pollution was low. The contents of heavy metals in kiwifruit fruit were lower than the limits of green food and food hygiene standards. For example, the highest content of As was 0.009mg/kg, the limit were 0.2mg/kg and 0.5mg/kg, respectively. CONCLUSIONS On the whole, the soils in the study area have the characteristics of strong acidity, uneven distribution of nutrients and low content of heavy metals. It is necessary to take scientific measures to supple and balance soil nutrients and prevent the risk of heavy metals activation caused by soil acidification.

To study the O174L gene of African swine fever virus (ASFV), the O174L gene was connected to the vector pRK5M-C-2xStrep through homologous recombination, and the eukaryotic expression vector of ASFV was constructed. After PCR amplification and sequencing identification, the recombinant plasmid was transfected into porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). The expression of O174L protein was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot. The PCR and sequencing results showed that recombinant plasmid pRK5M-C-2xStrep-O174L was successfully constructed. The results of immunofluorescence and Western blot showed that O174L protein could be stably expressed in IPEC-J2 cells. Bioinformatics analysis of O174L protein showed that the arrangement of the branches and isolates of the phylogenetic tree based on the O174L gene sequence was highly similar to that based on the B646L (p72) gene sequence. Among the 16 isolates from China, the similarity of the O174L gene sequence between the isolates was as high as 96.76%~100.00%. Compared with other type II isolates in China, China/2018/AnhuiXCGQ had differences in the 67th, 75th and 110th amino acids of O174L, and GZ201801 had difference in the 110th amino acids. The O174L amino acid sequence of type ? isolates SD/DY-I/2021 and HeN/ZZ-P1/2021 were different from other Chinese type II isolates at 13th, 73th, 93th, 95th, 113th and 114th amino acids, respectively. O174L protein was a stable hydrophilic protein without signal peptide and transmembrane region. The secondary structure of O174L protein was composed of a helix, β strand and random coil, and the prediction result of tertiary structure was consistent with the secondary structure. Above results provided the basis and experimental materials for studying the protein interaction and genetic evolution between ASFV and host. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adolescents, and its etiology and pathogenesis are still unclear. Brain is the organ with the largest oxygen consumption in human body and is easily affected by oxidative imbalance. Oxidative stress has become the key research direction for the pathogenesis of ADHD, but there is still a lack of relevant studies in China. Based on the latest research findings in China and overseas, this article reviews the clinical and experimental studies on oxidative stress in ADHD and explores the association of oxidative stress with neurotransmitter imbalance, neuroinflammation, and cell apoptosis in the pathogenesis of ADHD, so as to provide new research ideas for exploring the pathogenesis of ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted in order to investigate the distribution characteristics of mineral elements in different sesame tissues. The content of Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu and Zn in different tissues was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The results showed a significant variation of mineral elements content in the different sesame tissues. The highest average Ca content was in leaves (2151.61 mg/100g), followed by 20 d seeds (984.18 mg/100g). Mg was predominant in leaves and 20 d seeds with an average content of 390.23 mg/100g and 300.01 mg/100g, respectively. The content of Fe in leaves was the highest, with an average of 19.98mg/100g. The Cu and Zn contents were the lowest in different tissues, both less than 5.00 mg/100g, and the highest Cu content in leaves. In mature seeds, Ca and Mg contents were the highest, with an average of 1133.64 mg/ 100g and 382.85 mg/100g, respectively. Regarding seed coat color, brown sesame seeds exhibited the highest Ca, Mg, and Cu contents with average values of 1342.68 mg/100g, 445.95 mg/100g and 2.38 mg/100g, respectively. Black and light brown sesame seeds exhibited the highest content of Fe (11.77 mg/100g) and Zn (7.70 mg/100g), respectively. We observed a significant positive correlation (P < 0.01) between the contents of Ca and Mg in both the different tissues and colored seeds. Moreover, a positive correlation was observed between Cu, Ca, and Mg contents in the different tissues and between Zn and Fe contents in mature seeds. Our findings may provide theoretical and technical guidance for sesame comprehensive utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the interaction between lipid and protein in film-forming solutions and films, the effects of linoleic acid concentration (0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% relative to protein mass) on the viscosity of 11S globulin film-forming solutions, and the microstructure and physicochemical properties of the resulting films were studied. Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) images showed that the size of oil droplets in the film-forming solution increased with increasing linoleic acid concentration, and it further increased after drying. According to the results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), oil droplets accumulated on the upper surface of the smooth and dense protein films after adding linoleic acid, while the lower surface became rough without accumulation of oil droplets on it. After adding 40% linoleic acid, the glass transition temperature, tensile strength and water vapor permeability of the film decreased from 53.50 ℃, 12.67 MPa and 2.52 × 10−10 g/(m·Pa·s) to 50.38 ℃, 7.30 MPa and 1.83 × 10−10 g/(m·Pa·s), respectively, while the elongation at break increased from 95.58% to 198.15%. Molecular dynamics simulation showed that 11S globulin did not interact with linoleic acid below 200 ns. The proportion of ionic bonds and disulfide bonds in the 11S globulin film decreased with the addition of linoleic acid, while the proportion of hydrophobic interactions and non-disulfide covalent bonds increased. These results suggest that the addition of linoleic acid can change the chemical interactions among proteins, thus affecting the physicochemical properties of the film. This finding provides a theoretical reference for studying the mechanism of film formation of soybean protein emulsion films.

BACKGROUND: Using interproximal enamel reduction, adding attachments and over-correction are major methods to improve the efficiency of correcting tooth torsion when using clear aligners in the clinic. However, the choice and placement of attachments depend on the experience and habits of orthodontists, and whether the effects are different has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of rectangular attachment with different thicknesses and locations on the left maxillary canine tooth torsion in clear aligner by three-dimensional finite element analysis. METHODS: The finite element models of the clear aligner-attachment-maxillary canine-periodontal ligament-spongy bone-cortical bone and the clear aligner-maxillary canine-periodontal ligament-spongy bone-cortical bone were established according to the scanning data of in vitro maxillary canine. The models with attachments were divided into four groups based on different thicknesses of attachment, namely 0.5, 0.75,1.0, and 1.5 mm groups. The placement positions were divided into five areas: mesial, distal, occlusal, median, and gingival of canine. 2° clockwise rotation of the tooth axis (X axis) was applied to the clear aligner. The action of the appliance and the canine were calculated by MSC.MarcMentat software. Then, the nephograms of stress and displacement, and the maximum stress and displacement values were collected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Whether the rectangular attachment was used or not, the two models' distribution of canine's displacement and periodontal stress were the same. The stress values of periodontal ligament were all higher than those without rectangular attachment. (2) With the thickness of rectangular attachment increasing, the maximum displacement values of the canine increased gradually, which were 42.94, 49.32, 52.52 and 59.39 urn, respectively. (3) When the rectangular attachment was placed in different positions, the maximal displacement of canine teeth the attachment of which was placed on the median was almost the same with that of the gingival side. While the changes in the mesial and distal directions were irregular. (4) The use of rectangular attachments makes no effect on the movement of instant canines, which only plays a synergistic role in the control of canine tooth torsion. The thickness of the attachment has a certain effect on the torsion of appliance. When the thickness increases, the maximum displacement of the canine tooth and the stress of the periodontal ligament are increased. In the vertical direction, the closer of the placement is to the crown, the better the control of the rotated canine is. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biosynthesis of gibberellin(GA) is a process of various enzymatic reactions and is closely related to plant development and stress response. To explore the distribution, structure and activity of sesame GA related genes, sesame genome sequence and transcriptomes from different tissues were studied based on bioinformatics methods. It showed that sesame had 32 GA related genes belonging to 7 different gene families, and these genes were distributed on all chromosomes except the chromosome 5. The protein sequence lengths of the different gene families were quite different. The CPS genes had the longest protein and contained 776 amino acid residues on average. The KAO proteins exhibited a great variation in size, varying from 401 to 834 amino acids. All the proteins encoded by GA related genes were predicted to be hydrophilic proteins. Compared with other species inclusing Ara-bidopsis, rice, soybean, grape, sorghum and tomato, the total number of GA related genes in sesame is not outstanding, but more CPS genes were observed in sesame. Evolution analysis indicated that sesame and tomato had a closer evolution relationship among the 7 species. In various sesame tissues, the 7 GA related gene families displayed quite different expression patterns. KS genes were highly expressed in seeds, stem tips and leaves. CPS genes were more active in pericarps and seeds, but were hardly expressed in stem tips and leaves. KAO and KO genes were constitutively and higly expressed in all tissues, while KS and GA3ox genes showed low levels of expression. Among the different tissues, the GA related genes generally showed higher activity in seed, then in root tip and in stem tip. This study provided important genetic information and theoretical references to analyze the characteristics of GA related genes in sesame and its role in different tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect of preventing pressure injury by modified U- shaped surgical head frame in neurosurgery for infants aged 3 years or younger. Methods Totally 49 cases were divided into control group (n = 22) and observation group (n =27) according to the hospital admission date. The control group used the traditional U-Shaped Gel head frame with the width of 4.50 cm and thickness of 2.00 cm, the observation group used the modified U- Shaped Gel head frame with the width of 6. 50 cm and thickness of 4.00 cm. The effect of head frame in preventing pressure injury during operation was evaluated. Results There were 3 (13.63%) cases with stage 2 pressure injury in the control group, and 1 (3.70%), case with stage 1 pressure injury in the observation group. Conclusion The modified U-shaped surgical head frame can effectively reduce the risk of perioperative pressure injury in infants undergoing neurosurgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Background and objective】 The lack of freshwater is a main limiting factor in agricultural production in northern China. As a mitigation, brackish waters including saline groundwater and treated wastewater have been tipped as a supplementary source for irrigation. Since brackish waters are rich in dissolved salts, it is critical to assess the impact of long-term brackish water irrigation on soil quality and its consequence for crop growth. The purpose of this paper is to fill this knowledge gap by systematically studying the influence of alternate fresh and saline water irrigation on soil salinity and crop growth. 【Method】 The pot experiments were conducted under rain-proof conditions with summer maize used as the model plant. We compared four irrigation amounts: 60% (W1), 80% (W2), 100% (W3) and 120% (W4) of the potential evapotranspiration (ETc). Saline water with concentration of 3 g/L was irrigated at the cob development-pollination stage (B1), pollination stage-kernel development stage (B2), and pollination-harvest stage (B3), respectively. For each irrigation amount, freshwater irrigation in the whole growth season was taken as the control. In each treatment, we measured soil salt content, physiological traits and ultimate yield of the maize. 【Result】 ①For irrigation amount W4, alternate fresh and saline water irrigation desalinated the soil, especially B1 where the average salt content in 0~40 cm soil was 9.9% lower than that in W3. After harvest, B0 reduced initial salt content in 0~40 cm soil by 25.9%~42.6% depending on irrigation amounts, while B1, B2 and B3 resulted in salt accumulation with the salt content in the top 0~40 cm soil increased by 34.9%~58.5%, 73.7%~110.4% and 88.7%~128.7%, respectively, compared with the initial salt content. ②Irrigating with the saline water too early had a detrimental effect on leaves. It was found that B1 hindered photosynthesis with the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs) reduced by 40.5%~69.3% and 32.3%~68.0%, respectively, compared to that in B0. ③Irrigating with the saline water too early as in B1 hampered root development thereby reducing its water and nutrient uptake, which led to a yield reduction. In contrast, delaying the saline water irrigation as in B2 and B3 only marginally comprised the yield, with the yield reduction in B3 being 1.5%~2.0% compared with the control with freshwater irrigation. 【Conclusion】 Irrigating summer maize using saline water at concentration of 3 g/L does not considerably compromise its yield only when implementing at its late growth stage. An appropriate increase in irrigation amount can further reduce the risk of soil salinization and achieve high yield.

【Background and Objective】 Carrying capacity of water resources is an important parameter to measure sustainability in regional water resources use, and objectively evaluating its variation and vulnerability can improve water resources management. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the dynamic carrying capacity of regional water resource, identify and diagnose its vulnerability. 【Method】 Considering significance of the components of five-variable connection numbers and the difference in influence degree of the set on the system situation, and referring to the universal gravitation and damping, a five-variable gravitation subtraction set pair potential model based on the connection numbers was constructed. The model was then applied to evaluate the dynamic water resources carrying capacity in Sichuan and Heilongjiang provinces, and the results were compared with the existing five-variable subtractive set pair potential. 【Result】 Overall, the bearing capacity of water resources in Sichuan province has seen improvement good. Based on the impact of the subsystems, their evaluation index was ranked in the order of ecological environment > social economic> water resource. Subsystems that were persistently potential or partial against-potential are vulnerable, and vigilance over them is thus required. In general, water bearing capacity in Heilongjiang is good, in which “rain” “service industry” are potential of “water production capacity”, while “population density”, “primary industry” are inverse potential. The five-variable gravity subtraction set of potential discrimination system set pair potential value and situational and five-variable subtraction set pair potential calculation results are basically identical, and on the diagnosis, identify vulnerability subsystem and index is more sensitive and effective. 【Conclusion】 Analysis of water resources carrying capacity evaluation, five-variable gravity subtraction sets for system development and diagnosis, identify the potential vulnerability subsystem and the index of the rationality and applicability of the constructed gravity subtraction of set pair potential of five-variable more conform to the calculation results and the actual physical meaning, and simple calculation, strong explanatory. A new set-to-potential method is provided for analyzing dynamically and evaluating the multi-level set pair system.

【Background】 Practical problems in water science and engineering are diverse and complex, characterized by nonlinearity and multi-dimensions. Satisfactory solutions to them are not easy to obtain using traditional data analysis methods. The projection pursuit regression proposed in the 1960s can fill this gap and it has been developed and applied rapidly. Since its introduction to China in the 1980s, the projection pursuit method has seen a widespread applications because of its superiority in processing multi-dimensional data and flexibility in problem-oriented solving. 【Objective】 The objective of this paper is to review and summarize the evolution and application of the projection pursuit method in different disciplines in China since the 1980s, as well as the areas to which it has been mostly used. 【Method】 Our analysis was based on the literatures collected from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database and considered four categories in the collection: temporal change, the disciplines, journals that published papers using this method, as well as some keywords representative of its applications. The data was then analyzed using the visualization analysis function of the bibliometrics provided by VOSviewer. 【Result】 Application and research of the projection pursuit method in China can be roughly divided into four stages: Introduction stage from 1984 to 1992; slow development stage from 1993 to 1999, rapid development stage from 2000 to 2010, and stable development after 2011. Its research and application are primarily in water conservancy engineering, environment science and engineering, and quantitative economy. Four of the top five journals that have published most projection pursuit papers are all water science journals, indicating that this method might be most suitable for solving water-related problems and are widely appreciated by the water science community. The areas that used the projection pursuit most included comprehensive evaluation, regression analysis, scheme selection and dynamic clustering. The results of clustering analysis showed that the research and application of the projection pursuit method in water-related problems are mainly in theoretical development, water quality evaluation, analyzing carrying capacity of water resource, water safety, and vulnerability of water resource systems. 【Conclusion】 The projection pursuit method has been widely used in China, especially in water science for evaluating water quality, water safety analysis, as well as bearing capacity of water resources. The method still has potential. In theoretical perspective, further work might focus on the fundamentals, improving the algorithms to determine the projection index function and the window width radius, as well as coupling it with other methods. In practical application, the method has potential applications in areas such as diagnosis identification, early warning, decision making, and evaluation of dynamic systems.

Objective To study the effect of baicalin on synaptosomal adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and its regulatory effect on the adenylate cyclase (AC)/cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway in rats with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods A total of 40 SHR rats were randomly divided into five groups: ADHD model, methylphenidate hydrochloride treatment (0.07 mg/mL), and low-dose (3.33 mg/mL), medium-dose (6.67 mg/mL), and high-dose (10 mg/mL) baicalin treatment (n=8 each). Eight WKY rats were selected as normal control group. Percoll density gradient centrifugation was used to prepare brain synaptosomes and an electron microscope was used to observe their structure. Colorimetry was used to measure the activities of ATPase and LDH in synaptosomes. ELISA was used to measure the content of AC, cAMP, and PKA. Results Compared with the normal control group, the ADHD model group had a significant reduction in the ATPase activity, a significant increase in the LDH activity, and significant reductions in the content of AC, cAMP, and PKA (P<0.05). Compared with the ADHD model group, the methylphenidate hydrochloride group and the medium- and high-dose baicalin groups had a significant increase in the ATPase activity (P<0.05), a significant reduction in the LDH activity (P<0.05), and significant increases in the content of AC, cAMP, and PKA (P<0.05). Compared with the methylphenidate hydrochloride group, the high-dose baicalin group had significantly greater changes in these indices (P<0.05). Compared with the low-dose baicalin group, the high-dose baicalin group had a significant increase in the ATPase activity (P<0.05); the medium- and high-dose baicalin groups had a significant reduction in the LDH activity (P<0.05) and significant increases in the content of AC, cAMP, and PKA (P<0.05). Compared with the medium-dose baicalin group, the high-dose baicalin group had a significant increase in the ATPase activity (P<0.05). Conclusions Both methylphenidate hydrochloride and baicalin can improve synaptosomal ATPase and LDH activities in rats with ADHD. The effect of baicalin is dose-dependent, and high-dose baicalin has a significantly greater effect than methylphenidate hydrochloride. Baicalin exerts its therapeutic effect possibly by upregulating the AC/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To retrospectively analyze the factors influencing the intra-operative pressure injury in children. Methods The clinical data of 24 children suffered from intra-operative pressure injury were retrospectively analyzed. Potential factors influencing the development of intra-operative pressure injury were analyzed. Results Of 24 pediatric patients, 17 cases with stage 1 pressure injury, 7 cases with stage 2 pressure injury. The head and face region were most vulnerable to the injury, accounting for 60.00%. In terms of surgery type, 12 cases of pressure injuries was reported in the neurosurgery, and 7 cases was reported in the liver transplant surgery. Children less than 4 years of age and surgery lasting more than 4 hours were two key factors influencing the intra-operative pressure injury in children. Conclusion A risk assessment system based on the influencing factors should be established, in order to improve the quality of preventive measures for intra-operative pressure injury in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the evolution of vacuole iron transporter (V/T) genes in Brassica, 9, 13, 12 and 14 V/T candidate genes were identified in Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa, B. oleracea and B. napus respectively, based on genome - wide sequences of the 4 species, as well as the V/T conserved domain and HMMER software. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the V/T gene family was divided into 3 classes. In the promoter region, LTRE, ABRE, MYC, MYB and W - box cis elements were plentiful. Protein feature analysis indicated that the VIT domain contained more conservative hydrophobic amino acid residues. Gene expression profile showed that most of the V/T genes basically expressed in selected tissue in different levels. Syntenic related homologous genes presented both similar and diverse expression patterns, while the expression pattern of tandem duplicated genes were identical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at development trend of wind power industry and research status of grid integration of offshore wind farms, a review was given on the key technologies of offshore wind power for grid integration and latest development. First of all, influences of offshore wind power injection to safe and stable operation of power grid was analyzed systematically. Firstly, grid dispatching, voltage control and frequency regulation will be influenced. Secondly, power flow distribution will be changed. Thirdly, power quality will be effected. In order to solve these problems, some key technologies for grid integration of offshore wind power were studied in recent years, such as low voltage ride through, ramp rate control, flexible direct current transmission based on voltage source converter, reactive power compensation, automatic output power adjustment and on-line monitoring and fault diagnosis. The results indicate that offshore wind power is the main development direction of the wind power industry in the future, and grid integration is a high effective way for its large-scale exploitation and utilization. Finally, some research focus and research directions about grid integration of offshore wind power have been put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the sucrose transporter (SUC) gene family expansion and lost in Brassicacea plants, a genome - wide search was carried out to identify suc genes in B. rapa, B. oleracea and B. napus. Gene structure, domain feature, and phylogenetic relationship were also performed. Based on the gene family characteristics, 12 suc genes in B. rapa, 4 in B. oleracea, and 7 in B. napus were identified. Syntenic relationship analysis indicated that these 3 species experienced different gene loss resulting in different gene retention rates. Protein sequence feature showed that they had alkaline amino acids for hydrophobic and stable protein structure. Observation of transcriptomic data indicated that all SUC genes were expressed in the examined tissues of root, stem, leaf, flower, silique and callus. In conserved motifs of promoter regions, a large number of stress - responsive cis - acting elements were found, such as LTRE, ABRE, MYC, MYB and W - box, which indicated that SUC genes might be involved in stress - responsive pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liu Shanli is an outstanding young historian as Gu Jiegang, both of whom distinguished themselves in the movement of "Dehate on ancient history" in 1920s. His debate with Gu helped Gu develop and perfect Gu's historical ideology. But Liu's achievement in palaeoid history has no specific resource except the old teaching materials An Outline History of Ancient China in the Wuhan University Library, which systematically reflects Liu's theory on palaeoid history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect of ulinastatin (UTI) pretreatment on liver regeneration and energy metabolism after 70% hepatectomy combined wíth ischemia reperfuison injury in rats. Methods Totally 120 healthy clean grade male Sprague-Dawley rats weighting 230~280 g were selected and aligned into three groups randomly: imple partial hepatectomy (PH) group, partial hepatectomy combined with ischemia reperfuison (PHIR) group and ulinastatin (UTI) group, with forty rats in each. Rats in each group had the left and middle liver lobes resected, but the remnant lobes (right and caudate lobes) were treated differently as follows: the blood flow to the reserved lobes was not occluded in PH group, but occluded for 30 minutes in PHIR group, and then reperfused. UTI group had the same liver resection and blood flow occlussion as PHIR group except for administration of ulinastatin 50 000 U/kg by i.v. injection via caudal vein. Inferior vena cava blood and the reserved liver tissue were collected to measure serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), apoptois index (AI), regenerated liver weight, PCNA staining as well as ATP, ADP and AMP contents. Results Serum ALT and AST activites and AI level were lower, and the regenerated liver weight and poitive PCNA staining as well as ATP content and energy charge were significantly higher inUTI group than in PHIR group (P<0.05). Conclusion ulinastatin can promote liver regeneration after major hepatectomy combined with ischemia reperfuison injury, which is possibly related to maintaining energy metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

sA low - K - tolerant soybean line ( You06 - 71 ) and a low - K - sensitive line ( Hengchun04 -11) were selected as plant materials to study the expression level of GmKAB1 in low potassium stress condition. RNA was extracted at 0.5h, 2h, 6h, 12h, 3d, 6d, 9d and 12d after stress treatment, and Real - time PCR was carried out respectively. The results showed that the expression of GmKAB1 in roots were lasted longer than that in shoots, and the relative expression levels in roots were significantly higher than that in shoots, and the highest level in roots was up to 3. 5 times. Homology and bioinformatics analysis after cloning the target sequencing from the two lines in-dicated that comparing with GmKAB1, there were 45 homologous genes with more than 30% similatity, and Gly-ma20g19000 was closest to GmKAB1 in the phylogenetic tree. The protein encoded by GmKAB1 was stable and soluble, which contained two conversed structural domains, possessed multiple phosphorylation sites. These indicated that GmKAB1 polypeptide formed a close physical association with β subunit and α subunit to control voltage - gated K+ channel. In conclusion, GmKAB1 might have played a pivotal role in potassium absorption in soybean and had important value in research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the government bonds and corporate bonds trading data from the Shanghai stock exchange from 2003 to 2010, the time series of the yield of government bonds and corporate bonds to different maturities are obtained by solving five factors term structure model. Then two factors and four factors affine processes are respectively used to describe the dynamic change of treasury yields and corporate bond yields, and two factors model of affine term structure of corporate bond are developed. The parameters of the model can be solved with Kalman filtering method, and the dynamic changes of the corporate bond's credit spreads are predicted. Furthermore, the empirical results show that the affine model can describe the dynamic changes of the corporate bond credit spreads relative perfectly, which can provide the method support for pricing corporate bond and its derivates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the impact of Parecoxib combined with Tramadol on perioperative pain and inflammatory cytokines in lung cancer patients undergoing video-assisted lung lobectomy. Methods Totally 48 patients of elective lung lobectomy via video-assisted thoracic surgery under genera l anesthesia were randomly divided into observation group (P group) and control group (C group). The drugs for induction and maintenance of anesthesia were used identically in the two groups. In P group, Parecoxib (40 mg) was given intravenously 30 min before surgery: Parecoxib (20 mg) and Tramadol (2 mg/kg) were given intravenously 30 min before the end of surgery. In C group, normal saline (4ml) was given intravenously 30 min before surgery: normal saline (2 ml) and Tramadol (2mg/kg) were given intravenously 30 min before the end of surgery. Anesthesia time, operation time, recovery time and dosage of analgesic during operation were recorded; heart rate (HR ) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) during recovery were noted; serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels were measured in each group perioperatively; postoperative pain was assessed using visual analog scales ( VAS ). Meanwhile, adverse events were observed. Results There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding anesthesia time, operation time or recovery time (P>0.05). Remifental used during operation was significantly less in P group than in C group (P<0.05). HR and MAP were significantly higher immediately at extubation, 5 min and 10 min after extubation in C.group than in P group (P<0.05) Serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels were increased 6 h,12 h and 24 h after surgery in C group, having significant difference from those in P group (P <0.05). VAS was significantly lower 15 min, 1h, 2h, 4h,8h and 12h after surgery in P group than in C group (P<0.05). The two groups did not differ significantly in adverse events (P>0.05). Conclusion Parecoxib used in video-assisted thoracic surgery for lung lobectomy can decrease analgesic dosage during operation, provide satisfactory pain control and suppress inflammatory cytokines after surgery, without increasing adverse events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characteristics of late tectonic activities were studied in this paper through the field geological investigation in Wuhu area. Combining with the analysis of the regional tectonic evolution, the authors propose that the later tectonic activities which had important influence on the Paleozoic strata are divided into compressive nappe structure at Indo-China period and extensional structure at Yanshan and Himalayan period. Furthermore, the study reveals the tectonic migration regularity and that the shale gas preservation of Paleozoic strata in Wuhu area was less affected by the thrust nappe tectonics of Indo-Chinese movement, while dominated by the extension tectonics of Yanshan and Himalayan movement. This cognition about the influence of late tectonic activities should be considered in the exploration of shale gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking the nine common microbial strains in liquor-making process as test objects, this paper studied the characteristics of phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA), a characteristic component of the strains cell membrane, and the relationships between the detected amount of PLFA and the biomass of the strains. There existed significant differences in the PLFA fingerprints between test bacteria, actinomycetes, molds, and yeasts, and the PLFA fingerprint of each strain could be used as the basis to distinguish species and genus. Within a certain range of the strains biomass, the detected amount of total PLFA or 16:0 was linearly correlated with the biomass. After adding different biomass Gram positive (G+ ) bacteria, Gram negative (G- ) bacteria, and fungi in fermented grains, a significant difference was observed in the relative amount of PLFA between experimental and control samples. It was suggested that the fingerprint of PLFA could quantitatively or semi-quantitatively characterize the microbial community structure and its dynamic variation in fermented grains. By detecting the PLFA profiles of fermented grains in various liquor industries and by analyzing the microbial community structure in the fermented grains, it was substantiated that PLFA fingerprinting was of general applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MiR398 responses to Pi starvation in Arabidopsis thaliana. We predicted GmSODC , the target gene of miR398a, encoded a copper/zinc superoxide dismutase using a biological information model. The gene was then inserted into the multiple cloning sites of the binary vector pJG045 with Ligation - Independent cloning. Through Agrobacterium - mediated soybean cotyledonary node transformation system, we obtained T1 transgenic plants, confirmed by PCR. Real - time PCR was employed to investigate the transcriptional level of GmSODC gene in T1 transgenic plants. One of the transgenic plants exhibited a much higher expression level than that of Dongnong 50. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BnERF104 gene was cloned from Brassica napus cv Zhongshuang 9 using conserved primers designed from AtERF104 gene sequence of Arabidopsis. NCBI -BLAST showed BnERF104 protein had a typical ERF conserved domain, was a member of ETHYLENE -RESPONSE - FACTOR (ERF) family. BnERF104 expression was up - regulated significantly at 6h after S. sclerotiorum inoculation. Over - expression of BnERF104 in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana activated expressions of pathogenesis - related (PR) gene PDF1.2 and ChiB, and significantly enhanced plant resistance to necrotrophie fungi S. sclerotiorum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fermentation pit is a kind of solid bioreactors with unique feature for brewing liquor, especially for Luzhou鄄flavor, which has significant effects on the quality of produced liquor. There exists a close and complicated correlation between pit age (using time) and microbial community. Taking the characteristic component phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) in microbial cell membrane as an index, this paper studied the characteristics of the microbial community structure in the pit mud, fermented grains, and yellow water of different age (5鄄year, 100鄄year, and 300鄄year) fermentation pits. The results showed that the total PLFA content was the highest in pit mud, followed by in fermented grains, and in yellow water. The composition of PLFA differed with pit age, and the total PLFA content in yellow water decreased with increasing pit age. In pit mud, straight chain saturated fatty acid had the highest content, occupying 50郾7-73郾3% of total PLFA and being the highest in 300鄄year pit. As for the microbial community structure, the PLFA content characterizing Gram鄄positive (G+ ) anaerobic bacteria was higher in pit mud, and that characterizing Gram鄄negative (G-) anaerobic bacteria was higher in fermented grains and yellow water. The PLFA content characterizing G+ and G- bacteria in the pit mud of 100鄄year pit was higher than that in the pit mud of other ages爷pits, while the PLFA content characterizing fungi was higher in the pit mud, fermented grains, and yellow water of 5鄄year pit, as compared with other ages爷pits. Principal component analysis showed that the main varied microbial populations in 5鄄and 100鄄year pits were G- bacteria and fungi, and the main varied microbial population in 300鄄year pit was of bacteria. The indices frequency index, Simpson index, and Shannon index could be chosen for characterizing the diversity of microbial community in fermentation pits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proposes novel method--the chaotic pulse amplitude modulation to implement ultrawide band (UWB) direct chaotic communications. The implementation of chaotic pulse amplitude modulation (CPAM) and demodulation is described. The sporadic-coupling synchronization methods for the UWB system based on CPAM are simulated with electronics workbench(EWB). Means of the synchronization are confirmed by the simulation results. The simulation result for the probability of bit error showed that the performance of CPAM was worse than traditional methods such as quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK). However the introduction of chaotic signal much improves security of communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of histone deacetylases inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA) on the proliferation and proliferation and p16INK4a promoter methylation and the p16INK4a mRNA expression of adenoid cystic carcinoma ACC-2 cell line. METHODS; ACC-2 cells were treated with TSA at the concentration of 50-800 nmol/L. After treatment, the cell growth inhibition rate was measured by MTT assay and the change of cell morphology was observed. Then ACC-2 cells were treated with 100nmol/L TSA at different time (2,4,8,16 and 24 hours). After treatment, the p16INK4a promoter methylation status and the expression of p16INK4a mRNA were assessed using methylation-specific PCR (MSP), RT-PCR and real-time PCR. The data was analyzed with SAS6.12 software package for Student's t test. RESULTS: TSA inhibited the proliferation of ACC-2 cells significantly at 50nmol/L concentration (P<) in a time and concentration dependent fashion and the cell morphology was altered remarkably. After treating with 100nmol/L TSA for 2-16 hours, the p16 INK4a promoter methylation of ACC-2 cells was disappeared. After treating with 100nmol/L TSA for 2-24 hours, the p16INK4a mRNA expression increased significantly. CONCLUSIONS: TSA inhibits the ACC-2 cell growth in vitro through up-regulating the level of histone acetylation and giving rise to the p16INK4a promoter demethylation, increasing the expression of p16INK4a gene. Supported by National Natural Sciences Foundation for China (Grant No. 30672328 and 30572054). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the key components of mechanical drive system,gear fault holds a large proportion in the transmission system fault,its working status directly affect the performance of the equipment.Aiming at the characteristics of the gear fault signal mostly for the non-stationary modulation signal,proposed based on spline and an improved algorithm of LMD continuation boundary characteristics,through the adoption of cubic spline interpolation,the signal of extreme value point interpolation to get the upper and lower envelope,and local characteristic scale boundary continuation method is adopted to reduce the endpoint effect,improve the precision and computational efficiency of decomposition.The simulation study of simulated signals and experimental platform of fault data show that improved LMD algorithm is proposed in this paper that decomposition PF components is smaller error compared with the ideal value,shorter time decomposition,accurately analyzing the fault characteristics of the gear.

Background The existing family doctor team performance appraisal system is lack of incentive effect, which has hindered the quality development of contracted family doctor services. However, the performance appraisal system based on family doctor teams includes two processes of "primary distribution" and "secondary distribution", which is more capable of mobilizing the work motivation of the family doctor team members. At present, there is a lack of performance evaluation indicator systems for family doctor assistants and public health physicians, although these two groups of people play an important role in the family doctor team. Objective To construct "secondary distribution" indicator system of family doctor team performance based on contracted service fee, with regard to the roles of family doctor assistants and public health physicians. Methods The draft of the "secondary distribution" indicator system of family doctor team performance was preliminarily formulated through literature analysis and semi-structured interview. On the basis of the draft, an expert consultation questionnaire was designed, and two rounds of expert consultation were implemented and completed from October 2021 to April 2022 to develop the "secondary distribution" indicator system of family doctor team performance based on contracted service fee was established. Results The recovery rates of the two rounds of expert consultation questionnaires was 100.0%. For the secondary distribution system of family doctor assistants and public health physicians, the authority coefficient for the first round of correspondence was 0.742 2 and 0.742 0, respectively. Finally, the "secondary distribution" indicator system of family physician assistants, including 3 first-level and 10 second-level indicators, and the "secondary distribution" indicator system of public health physicians, including 3 first-level and 13 second-level indicators, were constructed. Conclusion The final "secondary distribution" indicator system of family physician assistants with 3 primary indicators and 10 secondary indicators and "secondary distribution" indicator system of public health physicians with 3 primary indicators and 13 secondary indicators is logical and scientific to a certain extent, reflecting the labor value of family doctor assistants and public health doctors in the family doctor team in providing contracted services, which is conducive to the special incentive function of contracted service fee and needs to be optimized and improved in the actual assessment in the future.

Background The family doctor contract service is being vigorously promoted. Compared with the individual performance appraisal scheme, the performance appraisal scheme based on the family doctor team including the two processes of "first distribution" and "secondary distribution" is more capable of mobilizing the work motivation of family doctor team members, thus improving service efficiency and quality. Objective To develop the "first distribution" indicator system of family doctor team performance based on contract service fee. Methods The draft of the "first distribution" indicator system of family doctor team performance was preliminarily formulated through literature analysis and semi-structured interviews. On the basis of the draft, an expert consultation questionnaire was designed, and two rounds of expert consultation were implemented and completed from October 2021 to April 2022 to develop the "first distribution" indicator system of family doctor team performance based on contract service fee. Results The recovery rate of the two rounds of expert consultation questionnaires was 100.0%. The authority coefficient of the first round of correspondence was 0.761 6, and the Kendall coordination coefficients of the two rounds of consultations were 0.067 (P

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adolescents, and its etiology and pathogenesis are still unclear. Brain is the organ with the largest oxygen consumption in human body and is easily affected by oxidative imbalance. Oxidative stress has become the key research direction for the pathogenesis of ADHD, but there is still a lack of relevant studies in China. Based on the latest research findings in China and overseas, this article reviews the clinical and experimental studies on oxidative stress in ADHD and explores the association of oxidative stress with neurotransmitter imbalance, neuroinflammation, and cell apoptosis in the pathogenesis of ADHD, so as to provide new research ideas for exploring the pathogenesis of ADHD.

Objectives: To observe the effect of acupuncture stimulation of "Yanglingquan"(GB34), "Zusanli"(ST36) and "Xuanzhong" (GB39) on arthritis index (AI), joint synovial membrane pathology, serum-related immunoinflammatory factors, and expressions of tumor suppressor gene mt-p53, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in knee joint synovial tissue of rats with type Ⅱ collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), so as to explore its possible mechanisms underlying improvement of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)., Methods: Male SD rats were used in the present study. The CIA model was established by subcutaneous injection of collagen emulsion (200 μL/rat) in the tail root region on the first day and repeat (100 μL/rat) once on the 9 th day. Eighteen successful CIA rats were randomized into model, medication and acupuncture groups, with 6 rats in each group. Other 6 normal rats were used as the normal control group. For rats of the medication group, leflunomide (1.9 mg/kg) was administrated by gavage, once a day, and for rats of the acupuncture group, manual acupuncture stimulation was applied to bilateral GB34, ST36, GB39 for 30 min, once a day, for 12 weeks. The arthritis index (AI) score (0-4 points) was evaluated once every week. The contents of IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-α in the serum were determined by ELISA. Histopathological changes of the ankle joint were observed by H.E. staining. The protein and mRNA expression levels of mt-p53, NF-κB p65, and PPARγ in the knee joint synovial tissue were determined by Western blot and quantitative real time PCR, separately., Results: Compared with the normal control group, the AI scores at different time-points after modeling, contents of serum TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17, expression levels of mt-p53, NF-κB p65, PPARγ proteins and mRNAs were significantly increased in the model group ( P <0.01, P <0.05). In comparison with the model group, the AI scores at the 10 th week in the medication group and at the 3 rd , 9 th and 10 th week in the acupuncture group, contents of serum TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17, and the expression levels of mt-p53 and NF-κB p65 proteins in both medication and acupuncture groups, as well as mt-p53 and NF-κB p65 mRNAs in the medication group were apparently decreased ( P <0.01, P <0.05), while the expression levels of PPARγ protein in both medication and acupuncture group and PPARγ mRNA in the medication group were significantly up-regulated ( P <0.05, P <0.01). No significant differences were found between the acupuncture and medication groups in down-regulating the AI score and serum TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17 contents. The effect of acupuncture was weaker than that of medication in down-regulating the expression of mt-p53 and NF-κB p65 proteins and mRNAs and in up-regulating PPARγ mRNA ( P <0.01). H.E. results showed ankle cartilage hyperplasia, reduced joint cavity, mild fibroproliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration in the surrounding soft tissue of the ankle joint in rats of the model group, which was milder in both medication and acupuncture groups., Conclusions: Acupuncture stimulation can improve the degree of joint inflammation and swelling in CIA rats, which may be related to its effects in inhibiting the overexpression of immunoinflammatory factors in serum and regulating expression of mt-p53, NF-κB p65, PPARγ mRNAs and proteins in the synovial tissue.

This study aimed to develop a portable, accurate and easy-to-operate scheme for rapid detection of respiratory virus nucleic acid. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to verify the effect of extraction-free respiratory virus treatment reagent (RTU) on viral nucleic acid treatment and the effect of ultra-fast fluorescence quantitative PCR instrument (FQ-8A) on nucleic acid amplification, respectively. RTU and FQ-8A were combined to develop a rapid detection scheme for respiratory virus nucleic acid, and the positive detection rate was judged by C t value using a fluorescence quantitative PCR instrument, and the accuracy of the scheme in clinical samples detection was investigated. The results showed that RTU had comparable sensitivity to the automatic nucleic acid extraction instrument, its extraction efficiency was comparable to the other 3 extraction methods when extracting samples of different virus types, but the extraction time of RTU was less than 5 min. FQ-8A had good consistency in detection respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and adenovirus (ADV) compared with the control instrument ABI-7500, with kappa coefficients of 0.938 ( P < 0.001) and 0.887 ( P < 0.001), respectively, but the amplification time was only about 0.5 h. The RTU and FQ-8A combined rapid detection scheme had a highly consistent detection rate with the conventional detection scheme, with a sensitivity of 91.70% and specificity of 100%, and a kappa coefficient was 0.944 ( P < 0.001). In conclusion, by combining RTU with FQ-8A, a rapid respiratory virus nucleic acid detection scheme was developed, the whole process could be completed in 35 min. The scheme is accurate and easy-to-operate, and can provide important support for the rapid diagnosis and treatment of respiratory virus.

Bibliometric and scientific knowledge graph methods were used to analyze the research status and hot spots of acupuncture-moxibustion in treatment of myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) and explore its development trend. The articles of both Chinese and English versions relevant to MPS treated by acupuncture-moxibustion were searched in CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, SinoMed and WOS from the database inception to March 20, 2023. Using Excel2016, CiteSpace6.2.R2 and VOSviewer1.6.18, the visual analysis was conducted by means of the cooperative network, keyword co-occurrence, keyword timeline, keyword emergence, etc. From Chinese databases and WOS database, 910 Chinese articles and 300 English articles were included, respectively. The annual publication volume showed an overall rising trend. Literature output of English articles was concentrated in Spain, China, and the United States, of which, there was less cross-regional cooperation. In the keyword analysis, regarding acupuncture-moxibustion therapy, Chinese articles focused on "acupuncture", "electroacupuncture" and "acupotomy"; while, "dry needling" and "injection" were dominated for English one. Clinical study was the current hot spot in Chinese databases, in comparison, the randomized controlled double-blind clinical trial was predominant in WOS. Both Chinese and English articles were limited in the report of mechanism research. The cooperation among research teams should be strengthened to conduct comparative research, dose-effect research and effect mechanism research with different methods of acupuncture-moxibustion involved so that the evidences can be provided for deeper exploration.