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Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the incidence and identify risk factors associated with thyroid disease (TD) in patients diagnosed with acute leukemia (AL) following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Methods Clinical data of 98 AL patients who underwent allo-HSCT for the first time in the Department of Hematology of the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province from January 2018 to June 2023 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. All AL patients were treated with anti-tumor drugs (excluding immune checkpoint inhibitors) and allo-HSCT, divided into non-TD group (n = 55) and TD group (n = 43) based on whether TD occurred. We collected the patients' general information and laboratory data, analyzed whether there were statistical differences between the two groups, and explored the related risk factors for TD after allo-HSCT treatment. Results Among the 98 AL patients who underwent allo-HSCT, 43 (43.8%) exhibited abnormal thyroid function, including 22 cases of hypothyroidism (comprising clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism), 9 cases of hyperthyroidism (including clinical and subclinical hyperthyroidism), and 12 cases of elevated thyroid antibodies. Univariate analysis of the non-TD group and TD group showed no statistical significance in age, gender, donorrecipient relationship, HLA matching, donor and recipient blood type, neutrophil implantation time and PLT implantation time (P > 0.05). However, there were statistically significant differences in disease type and the presence of concurrent aGVHD (P < 0.05). The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that aGVHD was identified as a significant risk factor for the development of thyroid disorders after transplantation (OR=3.693, 95%CI=1.166～11.699, P < 0.05). Furthermore, when compared to the underlying disease ALL, AML and other AL exhibited a significantly higher susceptibility to thyroid disorders (P < 0.05). Conclusion Hypothyroidism is the most common type of TD caused by allo-HSCT treatment in AL patients, and TD is more likely to occur in acute non-lymphocytic post-transplantation, and patients with aGVHD is a risk factor for TD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition) is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The China Association of Chinese Medicine Blood Disease Branch and Hematological Diseases' Innovative Research and Transformation Platform summarized the academic thoughts and experiences of clinical diagnosis and treatment from five professors to better inherit and develop the academic thoughts of prestigious traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) practitioners. These professors include TAO Shuchun, GU Zhendong, WU Zhikui, YU Rongxi, and ZHOU Zhongying. Professor TAO Shuchun researches the pathogenesis, combines the diagnosis and treatment of zang-fu viscera and parts, and attaches great significance to activating blood and resolving stasis. Professor GU Zhendong established a dialectical system for acute leukemia and summarized the laws of pulse syndrome, advocating combining TCM and Western medicine to treat this disease. Professor WU Zhikui proposed the pathogenesis and treatment of thalassemia and was the first to apply Yisui Shengxue Granules to treat this disease and achieved good results. Professor YU Rongxi proposed a TCM syndrome differentiation system for leukemia and integrated TCM and Western medicine to treat this disease. Professor ZHOU Zhongying improved the system for syndrome differentiation and treatment in internal medicine of TCM, established the theory of TCM pathogenesis and syndrome differentiation, and applied the theories of "stasis heat" and "cancer toxin" to treat blood disease. The purpose of this initiative is to cultivate and improve the capacity of reserve talents in the hematology of TCM to promote discipline construction. Simultaneously, this initiative provides extremely valuable insights for the inheritance and development of TCM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the relationship between serum glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor attachment protein 1 (GPAA1), ferritin (SF), osteopontin (OPN) and the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and evaluate the risk of thrombosis.Methods: 112 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to December 2022 were selected as the observation group, and 112 healthy children matching the gender and age of the observation group were selected as the control group.The expression levels of serum GPAA1, SF and OPN in the two groups were detected, the differences in the expression levels of serum GPAA1, SF and OPN in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia with different risk levels were analyzed, and the occurrence of thrombosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia was observed.The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) (AUC) was used to evaluate the efficacy of serum GPAA1, SF and OPN in predicting thrombus occurrence in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Results: The expression levels of serum GPAA1, SF and OPN in observation group were higher than those in control group (P＜0.05) . The expression levels of serum GPAA1,SF and OPN in children with low-risk,medium-risk and high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia were significant (P＜0.05) . The expression levels of serum GPAA1, SF and OPN were positively correlated with the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia by Spearman correlation analysis (P＜0.05) . Among 112 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, thrombosis occurred in 12 cases (10.71%) . Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that serum GPAA1,SF and OPN were independent predictors of thrombosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (P＜0.05) . According to ROC curve analysis, the AUC of serum GPAA1 and SF combined with OPN to predict thrombus occurrence in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia was 0.901. Conclusion: Serum GPAA1, SF and OPN are closely related to the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children, and the combination of GPAA1, SF and OPN is effective in predicting thrombus occurrence in children, which has important guiding significance in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum progranulin 9PGRN), X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 9XCL1),risk stratification and prognosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia 9ALL) . Methods: 102 children with ALL who were admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to January 2020 were selected as the ALL group, and the children were divided into 27 cases in the low risk group, 42 cases in the medium risk group and 33 cases in the high risk group according to the risk stratification. They were divided into the death group and the survival group according to the survival outcome, another 50 healthy children who underwent physical examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. The serum PGRN and XCL1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The influence factors of mortality in children with ALL were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression, and the evaluation value of serum PGRN and XCL1 levels for the death of children with ALL was analyzed by subject operating characteristic 9ROC) curve. Results: Compared with the control group, the serum PGRN and XCL1 levels were increased in the ALL group 9P＜0.05) . The levels of serum PGRN and XCL1 in the low risk group, medium risk group and high risk group increased sequentially 9P＜0.05) . Follow up for 2 years, the mortality rate of 102 children with ALL was 34.31% 935/102) . The univariate analysis revealed, white blood cell count 9WBC), mixed lineage leukemia 9MLL) rearrangement, risk stratification, PGRN and XCL1were the influence factors for death in children with ALL 9P＜0.05) . Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed, WBC≥50×10~9/L,positive MLL rearrangement, high risk stratification and elevated PGRN and XCL1 were independent risk factors for death in children with ALL 9P＜0.05) . ROC curve analysis showed, the area under the curve 9AUC) of death in serum PGRN combined with ALL was greater than PGRN and XCL1 alone. Conclusion: The levels of serum PGRN and XCL1 in children with ALL increase, which relate to risk stratification and prognosis, and the combination of serum PGRN and XCL1 has a high value in evaluating the prognosis of children with ALL, which may become an auxiliary prognostic indicator for ALL patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Transcriptomics technology has been developed rapidly in recent years. It can perform transcriptome analysis of acute leukemia （AL）, and objectively and accurately detect abnormal genes and functional changes in AL cells, which is of great significance to further reveal the molecular mechanism of AL occurrence and development. RNA⁃sequencing （RNA⁃seq） technology is transcriptome sequencing technology. It not only can identify new oncogene fusions and characteristic molecular markers for more accurate classification and risk assessment of AL but also detect abnormal genes or cell subsets for adopting corresponding targeted therapy to improve the prognosis of AL patients. In addition, the combination of transcriptomics technology with other omics technologies can monitor the multi⁃omics changes of AL from different levels, and more comprehensively analyze the molecular mechanism of the occurrence and development of AL. With the continuous application of RNA⁃seq technology, it will provide new precise targets and clinical strategies for the treatment of AL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The characteristics and advantages of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)in the treatment of acute leukemia were comprehensively reviewed through the study and analysis of relevant literatures in China and abroad. Chinese and foreign literatures published from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2022 were searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure and PubMed database. The result showed that the therapeutic mechanism of TCM for acute leukemia is related to multiple links such as chemotaxis, adhesion, migration, degradation, stromal survival. Through the analysis of cell, gene and proteomics, the therapeutic mechanism and multi-targets of TCM in the treatment of leukemia were confirmed. In the overall program of TCM treatment of leukemia, the unit therapy is still the standard program for the treatment of acute leukemia. TCM has unique advantages in different treatment units of chemotherapy period, myelosuppression period, myeloremission period and no chemotherapy (TCM therapy alone) period. In the treatment of refractory acute leukemia, TCM can improve the rate of bone marrow remission and prevent the related complications caused by rotation regimen or dosage-increasing of anticancer drugs, all of which have obvious effects. Therefore, TCM treatment of leukemia can reduce toxicity, increase efficacy, protect organs, improve the quality of life, and prolong survival, which has become a focus of current research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant tumor with the highest incidence during childhood. ALL is mainly characterized with fever, pale face, fatigue and bleeding, etc., which is primarily involved with the liver, spleen, lymph nodes and mediastinum. Here, we reported a 5-year-old boy diagnosed with ALL and he was admitted due to intermittent vomiting. He presented with hypercalcemia as the first manifestation. Physical examination showed no liver, spleen and lymph node enlargement. Peripheral blood test revealed no significant changes in the classification of white blood cells. Finally, the diagnosis of ALL was confirmed by bone marrow cell morphological examination and flow cytometry. This case of ALL with hypercalcemia as the first presentation is rare in clinical practice, providing reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To discuss the regulatory effect of microRNA-181a-5p (miR-181a-5p) targeting BTB and CNC homology 2 (BACH2) on the apoptosis and invasion of the acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells，and to clarify its mechanism. Methods: The BACH2 over-expression recombinant plasmid (overExpBACH2), miR-181a-5p inhibitor，and inhibitor-NC were constructed in vitro，and the transfection effect after transfected with human ALL T lymphocytes CCRF-CEM was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and immunofluorescence staining. The CCRF-CEM cells were divided into control group, inhibitor-NC group, miR-181a-5p inhibitor group, BACH2 over-expression (overExpBACH2) group, miR-181a-5p inhibitor+empty vector (EV) group, and miR-181a-5p inhibitor+ overExpBACH2 group. The proliferation activities of cells in various groups were detected by CCK-8 assay; the percentages of cells at G2 phase and apoptotic rates of cells in various groups were detected by flow cytometry; the expression levels of CyclinD3, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)，Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) proteins in cells in various groups were detected by Western blotting method; the numbers of invasion cells in various groups were detected by Transwell chamber test; the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP-14), BACH2 mRNA, and miR-181a-5p in cells in various groups were detectd by RT-qPCR method. Results: Both miR-181a-5p inhibitor and overExpBACH2 vector were successfully transfected into the CCRF-CEM cells. Compared with control group，the proliferation activities of the cells in overExpBACH2 group and miR-181a-5p inhibitor+EV group were decreased (P<0. 05), and the percentages of the cells at G2 phase and the apoptotic rates were increased (P<0. 05); the expression levels of CyclinD3 protein in the cells were decreased (P<0. 05), the expression levels of Caspase-3 protein and the ratios of Bax/Bcl-2 were increased (P<0. 05)，the numbers of invasion cells were decreased (P<0. 05), the expression levels of MMP-9, MMP-14 mRNA，and miR-181a-5p were decreased (P<0. 05)，and the BACH2 mRNA expression levels were increased (P<0. 05). Compared with miR-181a-5p inhibitor group and overExpBACH2 group, the change trends of the above indexes in miR-181a-5p inhibitor+overExpBACH2 group were more obvious. Conclusion: miR-181a-5p can target BACH2 and regulate the apoptosis and invasion of the ALL cells, which provides the new ideas for the clinical target therapy of ALL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the clinical outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in elderly patients with acute leukemia and the role of comprehensive nursing. Methods The data of 52 elderly patients with acute leukemia during the treatment of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were collected. According to the characteristics of elderly patients, 52 patients were given comprehensive nursing measures such as psychological, protective isolation, dietary management and specialized nursing. Stem cell engraftment, transplant complications and survival rates were observed in patients with comprehensive nursing support. Results All patients received comprehensive care. Of the 52 patients, 49 (94.2%) achieved neutrophil engraftment, with a median engraftment time of 12 days (9~19 days), and 45 patients (86.5%) achieved platelet engraftment with a median engraftment time of 13 days (9~35 days). The cumulative incidence of Ⅱ-Ⅳ°acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was 26.9%, and the cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD was 28.5%. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection occurred in 15 cases, with a cumulative incidence rate of 37.5%, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection occurred in 5 cases, with a cumulative incidence rate of 9.9%. Bloodstream bacterial infection occurred in 8 patients with a cumulative incidence of 9.6%. With a median follow-up of 226 days (71~2 365 days), 39 patients survived and 13 died. The 1-year overall survival (OS) was 71.4%, and the OS and disease free survival (DFS) of patients with negative minimal residual disease (MRD) were both 100%. OS and DFS in MRD positive group were 59.2% and 48.1%, respectively. Conclusion Elderly patients with acute leukemia who receive allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can also achieve long-term survival. Taking targeted preventive and nursing measures can ensure the success rate of transplantation.

Objective To explore the distribution of blood culture pathogens and clinical characteristics in children with acute leukemia complicated with septic shock. Methods Clinical data of 70 acute leukemia children complicated with septic shock who were positive for blood culture were retrospectively analyzed. The pathogenic findings and clinical characteristics of these cases were collected. Results Among 70 children， 44 （62.9%） cases were positive for blood culture. 33 Gram-negative bacteria （GNB）， 12 Gram-positive bacteria （GPB） and 2 fungi were cultured. The most common GNB was Pseudomonas aeruginosa （8/33， 24.2%）， followed by Escherichia coli （6/33， 18.2%）， Stenotrophomonas maltophilia （5/33， 15.2%） and Klebsiella pneumoniae （4/33， 12.1%）. GPB mainly consisted of Staphylococcus epidermidis， Staphylococcus aureus， Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Streptococcus retardans （2/12， 16.7% for each）. Multi-drug resistant organisms （MDRO） accounted for 48.9% （22/45）. Compared with GPB infections， the duration of antibiotic exposure before septic shock was significantly longer in patients with GNB infections （Z = -1.988， P = 0.047）. However， there were no significant differences in the length of hospital stay， duration of neutropenia and fever and site of primary infection before septic shock， vital signs， severity of illness and level of infection indicators at the onset of septic shock， primary treatment， and clinical outcome between two groups （all P > 0.05）. Compared with non-MDRO infected children， the length of hospital stay and the duration of antibiotic exposure before septic shock were significantly longer in MDRO infected children （t = -2.203， P = 0.035; Z = -2.099， P = 0.036）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the length of hospital stay before septic shock was independently associated with MDRO infections （P = 0.045， OR = 1.059， 95%CI： 1.001-1.121）. Conclusions GNB are the leading pathogens of blood culture in pediatric acute leukemia complicated with septic shock. No significant difference was observed in the clinical characteristics between children infected with GNB and GPB. The longer the hospital stay， the higher the risk of MDRO infections.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of secondary transplantation for patients with acute leukemia after failure of the first haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Methods Two acute leukemia patients underwent the first haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from two donors with thalassemia, and the number of collected CD34+ cells was 2.57×106 /kg and 1.99×106 /kg per donor, respectively. The first haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation failed. Secondary transplantation was performed from two non-thalassemia donors, and the number of collected CD34+ cells was 4.28×106 /kg and 5.75×106 /kg per donor, respectively. A reducedintensity conditioning regimen consisting of fludarabine (Flu), busulfan (Bu) and antithymocyte globulin (ATG) was adopted for the secondary transplantation. Results For two recipients, the time of secondary transplantation of neutrophil and platelet was +12 d and +10 d, +10 d and +10 d, respectively. Up to the final follow-up (+1 062 d and +265 d after secondary transplantation), the primary diseases of both two recipients have been completely relieved without evident post-transplantation complications. Conclusions Secondary transplantation with reduced-intensity conditioning regimen may successfully treat acute leukemia after failure of the first haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the risk factors associated with early death in newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Methods The basic information, routine laboratory examination, bone marrow examination and other clinical medical records of 84 newly diagnosed APL patients in the Department of Hematology of the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University from October 2008 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The quantitative data were stratified by the truncated value obtained by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Logistic stepwise regression analysis was used to explore the high risk clinical factors affecting the early death of newly diagnosed APL patients. Results The prognosis stratification of the early death group was lower than that of the non-early death group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ~2=5. 23, P=0. 022). The prothrombin time in the early death group was longer than that in the non-early death group, and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-2. 22, P=0. 026). The percentage of promyelocytes in the early death groups was higher than that in the non early group, with a statistically significant difference (Z=-3. 00, P=0. 003) According to the ROC curve, 86. 5% was taken as the critical value, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ~2=10. 61, P=0. 001). Conclusion The age of onset ≥64. 5 years old and the percentage of promyelocytic granulocyte in peripheral blood smear ≥86. 5% are independent risk factors for early death of newly diagnosed APL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To explore the application effect of precision oral grading nursing strategy on the chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis (CTOM) in the patients with acute leukemia receiving large-dose chemotherapy. Methods Total 110 patients with acute leukemia admitted and treated in this hospital from April 1, 2021 to March 1, 2022 were randomly divided into intervention group (n=55) and control group (n=55). The control group implemented the conventional oral nursing and the intervention group implemented the precision oral grading nursing. The changes of severity, effective prevention rate and the healing time of CTOM, self assessment of oral state and the patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results The effective prevention rate, severity and healing time of CTOM during the oral mucosa whole process management in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P <0.05);moreover, due to the decrease of the oral pain degree (VAS), the Oral Status Self-assessment (OMDQ) score in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P <0.05), and the nursing satisfaction degree score in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group(P =0.005). Conclusion The implementation of precise grading oral nursing strategy for the patients with acute leukemia chemotherapy can effectively prevent the occurrence probability of CTOM, reduce the severity of CTOM, shorten the healing time and improve the quality of life of the patients [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To establish an early screening system for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia based on the detection of TEL-AML1 fusion gene in neonatal umbilical cord blood and to explore its clinical significance. Methods First, the newborn with high risk factors of childhood acute leukemia was screened through questionnaire survey. Then, the umbilical cord blood of high-risk neonates at birth was collected and the mRNA of umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells was extracted within 12 to 24 hours. The TEL-AML1 fusion gene in umbilical cord blood was detected by RT-PCR, so as to build a screening system and analyze the feasibility, efficiency and practicality of the screening system. Results 231 cases of high-risk population were screened, including 118 males （51.1%） and 113 females （48.9%）. The TEL-AML1 fusion gene was negative by RT-PCR. The average time spent was （12.3±0.6） hours. The average cost was 200RMB and the satisfaction rate and acceptance rate of patient were both 100%. Conclusion The early screening system for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia based on the detection of TEL-AML1 fusion gene in neonatal umbilical cord blood is scientific in theory and feasible in clinical practice, which provides a basis for early screening of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the apoptosis-inducing effect of arenobufagin (ARE) on acute leukemia cells and explore its possible molecular mechanism. Methods Acute leukemia cell lines Jurkat and MV-4-11 were treated with different concentrations of ARE (0, 10, 20, 40 or 80 nmol/L) for 24 h, or with 80 nmol/L ARE for different durations (0, 6, 12, 18 or 24 h), or with 80 nmol/L ARE for 24 h after being pretreated with 20 μmol/L Y-27632 (inhibitor of ROCK1) for 1 h, respectively. Then, MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to respectively detect the effect of ARE on cell proliferation and apoptosis in acute leukemia cells; Western blotting and co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) assay were performed to determine the expression of apoptosis-related and Rho A/ROCK1 pathway-related proteins in the acute leukemia cells after ARE treatment. Results ARE inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis of acute leukemia cells in dose- and time-dependent manners (P < 0.01). Western blotting results showed that ARE activated ROCK1 signaling pathway, facilitated the translocation of BAX from cytoplasm to mitochondria, promoted the release of mitochondrial proteins (Cytochrome c, AIF), increased the cleavage/activation of Caspase 3 and Caspase 7 as well as the degradation of Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), and then reduced the expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP). The above effects presented dose- and time-dependence (P < 0.01). Interruption of ROCK1 pathway by the pharmacological inhibitor Y-27632 significantly attenuated ARE-mediated mitochondrial translocation of BAX, reduced cytosolic release of Cytochrome c and AIF from mitochondria, suppressed the activation of Caspase 3 and Caspase 7, the degradation of cleavage of PARP1, and down-regulated XIAP expression as well as blocked apoptosis (P < 0.01). Conclusion ARE effectively induces apoptosis of acute leukemia cells (Jurkat, MV-4-11) through the activation of Rho A/ROCK1 signaling pathway.

Objective To explore the distribution of blood culture pathogens and clinical characteristics in children with acute leukemia complicated with septic shock. Methods Clinical data of 70 acute leukemia children complicated with septic shock who were positive for blood culture were retrospectively analyzed. The pathogenic findings and clinical characteristics of these cases were collected. Results Among 70 children， 44 （62.9%） cases were positive for blood culture. 33 Gram-negative bacteria （GNB）， 12 Gram-positive bacteria（ GPB） and 2 fungi were cultured. The most common GNB was Pseudomonas aeruginosa（ 8/33， 24.2%）， followed by Escherichia coli（ 6/33， 18.2%）， Stenotrophomonas maltophilia（ 5/33， 15.2%） and Klebsiella pneumoniae（ 4/33， 12.1%）. GPB mainly consisted of Staphylococcus epidermidis， Staphylococcus aureus， Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Streptococcus retardans（ 2/12， 16.7% for each）. Multi-drug resistant organisms（ MDRO） accounted for 48.9%（ 22/45）. Compared with GPB infections， the duration of antibiotic exposure before septic shock was significantly longer in patients with GNB infections （Z = -1.988， P = 0.047）. However， there were no significant differences in the length of hospital stay， duration of neutropenia and fever and site of primary infection before septic shock， vital signs， severity of illness and level of infection indicators at the onset of septic shock， primary treatment， and clinical outcome between two groups（ all P > 0.05）. Compared with non-MDRO infected children， the length of hospital stay and the duration of antibiotic exposure before septic shock were significantly longer in MDRO infected children （t = -2.203， P = 0.035； Z = -2.099， P = 0.036）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the length of hospital stay before septic shock was independently associated with MDRO infections （P = 0.045， OR = 1.059， 95%CI： 1.001-1.121）. Conclusions GNB are the leading pathogens of blood culture in pediatric acute leukemia complicated with septic shock. No significant difference was observed in the clinical characteristics between children infected with GNB and GPB. The longer the hospital stay， the higher the risk of MDRO infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of children with fungal bloodstream infection (BSI) following chemotherapy for acute leukemia (AL)., Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 23 children with fungal BSI following chemotherapy for AL in three hospitals in Fujian Province, China, from January 2015 to December 2023. Their clinical features and prognosis were analyzed., Results: Among all children following chemotherapy for AL, the incidence rate of fungal BSI was 1.38% (23/1 668). At the time of fungal BSI, 87% (20/23) of the children had neutrophil deficiency for more than one week, and all the children presented with fever, while 22% (5/23) of them experienced septic shock. All 23 children exhibited significant increases in C-reactive protein and procalcitonin levels. A total of 23 fungal isolates were detected in peripheral blood cultures, with Candida tropicalis being the most common isolate (52%, 12/23). Caspofungin or micafungin combined with liposomal amphotericin B had a relatively high response rate (75%, 12/16), and the median duration of antifungal therapy was 3.0 months. The overall mortality rate in the patients with fungal BSI was 35% (8/23), and the attributable death rate was 22% (5/23)., Conclusions: Fungal BSI following chemotherapy in children with AL often occurs in children with persistent neutrophil deficiency and lacks specific clinical manifestations. The children with fungal BSI following chemotherapy for AL experience a prolonged course of antifungal therapy and have a high mortality rate, with Candida tropicalis being the most common pathogen.

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To explore the cffcct of polydatin on the proliferation and apoptosis of acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 and the possible mechanism. Methods After THP-1 cells were treated with polydatin at gradient concentrations for 24 hours and 48 hours, their proliferation was determined by CCK-8 assay, and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated. Logarithmically growing THP-1 cells were divided into two groups, a polydatin treatment group (treated with IC50 of polydatin) and a blank control group (treated without polydatin solution), and incubated for 48 hours. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle were measured by flow cytometry. The expression levels of PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, mTOR, p-mTOR, p70 S6K, and p-p70 S6K proteins were measured by Western blotting. Results After treatment with polydatin, the proliferation of THP-1 cells was strongly inhibited, and the IC50 at 48 hours was 1 800 p,mol/L. After treatment with 1 800 p,mol/L polydatin solution for 48 hours, the apoptosis rate of THP-1 cells increased significantly compared with the blank control group (P<0.05). The cell cycle was arrested in the G0/G1 and S phases, with a significantly increased proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase and a significantly decreased proportion of cells in the S phase, as compared with the blank control group (P<0.05). The expression levels of PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, mTOR, p-mTOR, p70 S6K, and p-p70 S6K proteins decreased significantly compared with the blank control group (P<0.05). Conclusions Polydatin can effectively inhibit the proliferation, block the cell cycle, and induce the apoptosis of THP-1 cells, which may be related to inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate and analysis the correlation between the expression levels of serum Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and soluble interleukin receptor (sIL-2R) in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Methods: From February 2017 to October 2020, 62 cases of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who were diagnosed and treated in the Department of Hematology of our hospital were selected as the ALL group, and the other 62 cases of healthy children who had physical examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. The serum IFN-γ, ESR, and sIL-2R levels were used to determine the immunophenotype and chromosome analysis of children in the ALL group, followed up the prognosis of the children and given correlation analysis. Results: The proportions of CD34+, CD117+, and karyotype abnormalities in the ALL group were 77.4 %, 58.1 %, 54.8 %, respectively, which were higher than those of the control group (27.4 %, 17.7 %, 14.5 %)(P<0.05). The levels of serum ESR and sIL-2R in the ALL group were higher than those in the control group, and the levels of IFN-γ were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). In children in the ALL group, followed-up until December 1, 2021, the average follow-up time were 29.14± 4.28 months, the overall survival time were 18.29± 1.22 months, and the event-free survival time were 10.48± 0.33 months; there were 22 cases were died and 40 cases were survived, the mortality rate were 35.5 %. Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum IFN-γ, ESR, sIL-2R levels were correlated with CD34+ positive, CD117+ positive, abnormal chromosomal karyotype, overall survival time, event-free survival time (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that IFN-γ, ESR, sIL-2R were important factors affected the prognosis and death of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (P<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) showed that the area under the curve of IFN-γ, ESR, sIL-2R predicted the prognostic death of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were 0.867, 0.735, and 0.796, respectively. Conclusion: Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia are mostly accompanied by high expression of serum IFN-γ and low expression of serum ESR and sIL-2R. All three of them are related to the immune phenotype and chromosome karyotype of the child, and are also the important factors for the prognosis of children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective·To observe the efficacy and safety of posaconazole in the prevention of invasive fungal disease (IFD) in patients with acute leukemia (AL) including myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Methods·The clinical data of 121 patients with AL (including MDS) treated in Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from June 2016 to May 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. All the patients received clinical prophylaxis and treatment according to the Expert Consensus on Clinical Use of Posaconazole. According to the study of China Assessment of Antifungal Therapy in Hematological Diseases (CAESAR), the patients were divided into three groups, including low-risk group, medium-risk group and high-risk group according to the IFD risk stratification, among which the efficacy and safety of posaconazole in different risk groups were observed. Patients proved or probable to have fungal infection while receiving posaconazole were considered to have breakthrough fungal infection. Patients who reported no fungal infection during the three-month follow-up after discontinuation were regarded as effective prophylaxis. If any fungal infection was found, it was regarded as a prevention failure. During the period of neutropenia, blood routine and body temperature were monitored daily, and liver and kidney function and electrolytes were tested three times a week. Whether the patients had gastrointestinal discomfort such as abdominal distension, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting during oral posaconazole or not was observed, and the electrocardiogram of the patients was monitored. Results·A total of 121 cases were collected, including lowrisk group (n=27), medium-risk group (n=40) and high-risk group (n=54). The incidence of breakthrough fungal infection was 3.31% (4/121), and the 4 patients were in the high-risk group. Abnormal liver function was the most common adverse reaction (20 cases); among them, 13 cases in the medium-risk group and high-risk group (10.74%, 13/121) changed the regimen because of treatment intolerance. According to the time of neutropenia, the prophylactic time of posaconazole was different among the groups. The average time of use of posaconazole was 16.85 d in the low-risk group, 18.90 d in the medium-risk group and 21.31 d in the high-risk group. The overall prevention effective rate of posaconazole was 85.95% (104 /121). There was no significant difference in the effective rate of prevention between the low-risk group (100%, 27/27) and the medium-risk group (95.00%, 38/40) (P=0.242), but the differences in the comparison of the high-risk group (72.22%, 39/54) with the low-risk group and the medium-risk group were both significant (P=0.003, P=0.005). Conclusion·Posaconazole is effective and safe in the prophylactic treatment of invasive fungal infection in patients with AL (including MDS), but liver function should be closely monitored in moderate and high risk patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To examine the changes of intestinal flora in children newly diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and the influence of chemotherapy on intestinal flora. Methods Fecal samples were collected from 40 children newly diagnosed with ALL before chemotherapy and at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 2 months after chemotherapy. Ten healthy children served as the control group. 16S rDNA sequencing and analysis were performed to compare the differences in intestinal flora between the ALL and control groups and children with ALL before and after chemotherapy. Results The ALL group had a significant reduction in the abundance of intestinal flora at 1 and 2 months after chemotherapy, with a significant reduction compared with the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the ALL group had a significant reduction in the diversity of intestinal flora before and after chemotherapy (P<0.05). At the phylum level, compared with the control group, the ALL group had a significant reduction in the relative abundance of Actinobacteria at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 2 months after chemotherapy (P<0.05) and a significant increase in the relative abundance of Proteobacteria at 1 and 2 months after chemotherapy (P<0.05). At the genus level, compared with the control group, the ALL group had a significant reduction in the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 2 months after chemotherapy (P<0.05); the relative abundance of Klebsiella in the ALL group was significantly higher than that in the control group at 1 and 2 months after chemotherapy and showed a significant increase at 1 month after chemotherapy (P<0.05); the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium in the ALL group was significantly lower than that in the control group before and after chemotherapy and showed a significant reduction at 2 weeks and 1 month after chemotherapy (P<0.05). The relative abundance of Enterococcus increased significantly at 1 and 2 months after chemotherapy in the ALL group (P<0.05), and was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions The diversity of intestinal flora in children with ALL is significantly lower than that in healthy children. Chemotherapy significantly reduces the abundance of intestinal flora and can reduce the abundance of some probiotic bacteria (Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium) and increase the abundance of pathogenic bacteria (Klebsiella and Enterococcus) in children with ALL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the clinical and prognostic significance of the preferentially expressed antigen of melanoma (PRAME) gene in the absence of specific fusion gene expression in children with B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Methods A total of 167 children newly diagnosed with B-ALL were enrolled, among whom 70 were positive for the PRAME gene and 97 were negative. None of the children were positive for MLL-r, BCR/ABL, E2A/PBX1, or ETV6/RUNX1. The PRAME positive and negative groups were analyzed in terms of clinical features, prognosis, and related prognostic factors. Results Compared with the PRAME negative group, the PRAME positive group had a significantly higher proportion of children with the liver extending >6 cm below the costal margin (P<0.05). There was a significant reduction in the PRAME copy number after induction chemotherapy (P<0.05). In the minimal residual disease (MRD) positive group after induction chemotherapy, the PRAME copy number was not correlated with the MRD level (P >0.05). In the MRD negative group, there was also no correlation between them (P>0.05). The PRAME positive group had a significantly higher 4-year event-free survival rate than the PRAME negative group (87.5%±4.6% vs 73.5%±4.6%, P <0.05), while there was no significant difference between the two groups in the 4-year overall survival rate (88.0%±4.4% vs 85.3%±3.8%, P>0.05). The Cox proportional-hazards regression model analysis showed that positive PRAME expression was a protective factor for event-free survival rate in children with B-ALL (P<0.05). Conclusions Although the PRAME gene cannot be monitored as MRD, overexpression of PRAME suggests a good prognosis in B-ALL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the medication rule of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of bone marrow suppression stage after chemotherapy in acute leukemia. METHODS: CNKI, Wanfang database and VIP database were retrieved to collect the literature of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of bone marrow suppression stage after chemotherapy in acute leukemia from the establishment of the database to Dec. 2020. With the help of Excel 2019, SPSS Modeler 18. 0 and SPSS Statistics 24. 0 software, frequency analysis, flavor and meridian tropism, cluster analysis and factor analysis were statistically performed, and association rule analysis, cluster analysis and factor analysis were carried out. RESULTS: A total of 131 prescriptions were screened out, including 239 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine, the main drug taste were Ku and Gan, and the main characteristics were Han and Wen. The main channel tropisms were liver followed by spleen and kidney. Tonic drugs, heat-clearing and detoxifying drugs and blood-activating hemostatic drugs were mostly used. A total of 19 association rules were obtained, cluster analysis can be grouped into 6 categories, and 8 common factors were extracted by factor analysis. CONCLUSIONS: During the bone marrow suppression stage after chemotherapy in acute leukemia, the main treatment is spleen invigorating and kidney nourishing therapy, and to focus on fostering healthy Qi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of prophylactic modified donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) early after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) to prevent the relapse of patients with high-risk acute leukemia. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 62 patients with high-risk acute leukemia, who underwent allo-HSCT and received prophylactic modified DLI in our center between January 1, 2013 and June 30, 2017. All the patients received infusion of recombinant human colony-stimulating factor-primed peripheral blood progenitor cells and short-term immunosuppressant therapy with low-dose closporine A in complete remission (CR) to prevent graft versus host disease (GVHD). Results At a median time of 105.5 (59~355) days after the transplantation, the 62 patients received prophylactic modified DLI of a median of 3.95 (0.4~7.6)×107/kg CD3+ cells. The patients were followed up for 3.4~64.7 months (median 33.2 months), during which 41 patients were alive with CR, 17 had relapses, and 21 died. The 3-year probability of overall survival (OS) and leukemia-free survival (LFS) was 69.6% and 63.6% and the 3-year cumulative incidences of relapse and non-relapse mortality (NRM) were 29.7% and 6.7% in these patients, respectively. The incidences of grades Ⅱ~Ⅳ and Ⅲ~Ⅳ acute GVHD at 100 d after DLI were 22.6% and 11.3%, respectively, and the 3-year cumulative incidence of moderate and severe chronic GVHD was 32.9%; the 3-year cumulative GVHD-free and relapse-free survival (GRFS) was 31.7% in these patients. Conclusion In patients with high-risk acute leukemia, prophylactic modified DLI early after allo-HSCT is effective for preventing relapse without increasing the incidences of GVHD morbidity or NRM.

Objective To study the construction, the prevention and treatment effect of the intensive nursing plan of oral mucositis caused by chemotherapy in acute leukemia. Methods 100 patients newly diagnosed as acute leukemia chemotherapy in the Dept. of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University were selected from October 2019 to October 2020 to carry out this study. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the observation group and the control group, with 50 cases in each.The control group was given routine preventive care, and the observation group was given intensive care on the basis of the control group. After the nursing intervention, the general data（before the intervention), the incidence of oral inflammation infection, the OMDQ score, the psychological state score and the nursing satisfaction of the two groups were evaluated and compared. Results There was no significant difference between the two groups（P > 0.05). After the nursing intervention，the infection rate of oral mucosa in the observation group was 32.00%（16/50), which was lower than that in the control group 52.00%（26/50). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant（P < 0.05). After the nursing intervention, the scores of OMDQ， SAS and SDS in the observation group were lower than those in the control group（P < 0.05). The nursing satisfaction of the observation group was 90.00%（45/50)，which was higher than that of the control group 74.00%（37/50). There was significant difference between the two groups（P < 0.05). Conclusion Through the construction of cluster nursing intervention program, the effect of nursing intervention on the oral mucositis caused by chemotherapy of acute leukemia is good, which can reduce the incidence of patients with oral inflammation infection, improve the patients' quality of life score, bad psychological state, and improve the patients' nursing satisfaction. It is worthy of clinical recommendation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To study the pharmacokinetic characteristics, clinical effect, and safety of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (PEG-rhG-CSF) in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Methods A prospective study was performed on children with ALL who cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, and 6-mercaptopurine were used for consolidation therapy. PEG-rhG-CSF (PEG-rhG-CSF group) or rhGCSF (rhG-CSF group) was injected after chemotherapy. The plasma concentration of PEG-rhG-CSF was measured, and clinical outcome and safety were observed for both groups. Results A total of 17 children with ALL were enrolled, with 9 children in the PEG-rhG-CSF group and 8 children in the rhG-CSF group. In the PEG-rhG-CSF group, the peak concentration of PEG-rhG-CSF was 348.2 ng/mL (range 114.7-552.0 ng/mL), the time to peak was 48 hours (range 12-72 hours), and the half life was 14.1 hours (range 11.1-18.1 hours). The plasma concentration curve of PEG-rhG-CSF was consistent with the mechanism of neutrophil-mediated clearance. Compared with the rhG-CSF group, the PEG-rhGCSF group had a significantly shorter median time to absolute neutrophil count (ANC) recovery (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in ANC nadir, incidence rate of febrile neutropenia, duration of grade IV neutropenia, incidence rate of infection, and length of hospital stay. No bone pain or muscle soreness was observed in either group (P>0.05). Conclusions The pharmacokinetic characteristics of PEG-rhG-CSF in children with ALL receiving consolidation chemotherapy are consistent with the mechanism of neutrophil-mediated clearance, with a short half life and fast recovery of ANC, and there are no significant differences in safety between PEG-rhG-CSF and rhGCSF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer. This study was designed to determine the clinical, biological features and outcomes among children with ALL treated at the only pediatric hematology-oncology center in North Macedonia. Patients and methods: Seventy four consecutive children age 1 to 14 years, diagnosed with ALL between January 1, 2010 and October 31, 2017 and treated according to ALL IC BFM 2002 protocol were retrospectively evaluated. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 5 years and males were predominant (60.8%). Precursor B-cell ALL was diagnosed in 81.1% of patients, while 18.9% had T cell ALL. CNS involvement at the time of diagnoses was present in 6.8% of patients. Complete remission was achieved in 93.2% of patients. The induction death rate was 5.4%. The rate of death during first complete remission was 4.1%. Relapse occurred in 13.5% of patients. After a median observation time of 44 months, the 5-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) rates (± standard error) were 79.4% ± 5.2% and 74% ± 5.7%, respectively. The 5-year EFS rate for patients categorized as standard risk by NCI criteria was significantly higher than for high risk patients (83.3% versus 46.7%; P<0.001). Patients with precursor B-cell ALL and negative minimal residual disease (MRD) status at the end of induction had the best prognoses. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that the treatment results of childhood ALL in North Macedonia are comparable to those obtained in the ALL IC BFM 2002 trial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective Through meta analysis, comprehensively and objectively evaluate the relationship between different DNA methylation sites and the risk of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods In Pubmed, Embase, China HowNet, Wanfang database,and Vip database, searched for DNA methylation sites in leukemia published before December 31,2017. The search method was to combine subject words with free words. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria formulated in advance, two re searchers independently screened the literature. Review Manager 5.3 software was been used for meta analysis. Results A total of 2 682 related documents were retrieved. After screening, 104 articles were selected and 74 genes related to the risk of AML were extracted for meta analysis. It was finally found that the methylation of 3 genes would increase the risk of AML, which were ID4, CDH13, and CDKN2B. Conclusion ID4, CDKN2B,and CDH13 gene methylation will increase the risk of AML. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)