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Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of the activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury under hyperglycemic condition. Methods Forty-eight male C57BL/6J mice were acclimated for one week and were randomly assigned into six groups： non-diabetic sham-operated group (NG-Sham group), non-diabetic ischemia-reperfusion group (NG-IR group), diabetic sham-operated group (DM-Sham group), diabetic ischemia-reperfusion group (DM-IR group), diabetic ischemia-reperfusion negative control group (DM-IR-NC group), and diabetic ischemia-reperfusion NF- κB recombinant protein intervention group (DM-IR-NF- κB group), with eight mice in each group. Mice in the NG-Sham and NG-IR groups were fed the normal diet. Mice in the NG-IR group underwent myocardial infarction (MI) modeling by ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, while mice in the NG-Sham group had the LAD artery exposed but not ligated. Mice in the DM-IR group received intraperi‑ toneal injections of streptozotocin (STZ) at 40 mg/kg for four consecutive days to induce diabetes mellitus (DM) . One week after the establishment of the DM model, MI was induced by LAD ligation. Mice in the DM-Sham group underwent the same procedure for DM induction and had the LAD artery exposed but not ligated. Mice in the DM-IR-NF-κB and DM-IR-NC groups underwent the same DM induction procedure and MI modeling. Mice in the DM-IR-NF- κB group received an intravenous injection of NF-κB recombinant protein at 0. 5 mg/kg via the tail vein 30 minutes before chest opening, while mice in the DM-IR-NC group did not receive the NF-κB recombinant protein. The myocardial infarct area in the NG-IR and DM-IR groups was assessed by TTC staining. The mRNA expression levels of NF-κB, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the myocardial tissues were measured by RT-qPCR. The mitochondrial membrane potential in the NG-Sham, NG-IR, DM-Sham, and DM-IR groups was evaluated using JC-1 staining, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) content was assessed using MitoSOX staining. AMPK and p-AMPK protein expression levels in the myocardial tis‑ sues were determined by Western blotting. Serum AST and LDH activities in the DM-IR-NC and DM-IR-NF-κB groups were measured by colorimetric assays, and the content of serum CK-MB was determined using double-antibody sandwich ELISA. Results Compared with the NG-IR group, the myocardial infarct area increased (P<0. 05) and the mRNA expression of NF-κB in the myocardial tissues was up-regulated (P<0. 05), while the mRNA expression levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF- α did not show significant changes in the DM-IR group (all P>0. 05) . Compared with the NG-Sham group, the NG-IR and DM-Sham groups exhibited decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased ROS content (both P<0. 05) ； compared with the NG-IR group, the DM-IR group showed further decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased ROS content (both P<0. 05) . Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a significant posi‑ tive correlation between the NF-κB mRNA level and mitochondrial membrane potential in the myocardial tissues of IR mice (r=0. 496, P<0. 05) . Compared with the NG-IR group, the DM-IR group exhibited up-regulated AMPK protein expres‑ sion, down-regulated p-AMPK protein expression, and decreased p-AMPK/AMPK ratio (all P<0. 05) . Compared with the DM-IR-NC group, the content of serum AST, LDH, and CK-MB increased (all P<0. 05), the relative expression levels of p-AMPK protein and p-AMPK/AMPK in the myocardial tissues decreased (all P<0. 05), while the relative expression of AMPK protein did not change significantly in the DM-IR-NF-κB group (P>0. 05) . Conclusion The activation of NF-κB can promote the susceptibility of the myocardium to IR injury under hyperglycemic condition, and the mechanism may be that NF-κB induces the inactivation of the AMPK signaling pathway and disorder of mitochondrial quality control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of Liraglutide on high glucose-induced vascular endothelial cell injury. Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured and divided into 4 groups: control, high glucose stimulation (HG), Liraglutide, and Liraglutide + HG group. ELISA was used to detect the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in each group, kits the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), the activity of SOD2 and Gpx4,and the level of MDA, and Western blot and immun of luorescence method nuclear translocation of Nrf2. Results The HG groupexhibited a significantly higher levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-1), IL-6, as well as the levels of intracellular ROS and MDA, but less activity of SOD2 and Gpx4, less contents of NO, and less nuclear translocation of Nrf2, as compared with the control group. Compared with the HG group, the Liraglutide + HG grouppresented significantly higher levels of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6, but lower levels of intracellular ROS and MDA, less activities of SOD2 and Gpx4, less contents of NO and less nuclear translocation of Nrf2. Conclusion Liraglutide suppresses high glucose-induced endothelial cell injury by increasing the nuclear translocation of Nrf2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Diabetic osteoporosis is gaining public attention. However, few studies have reported the effect of a high-glucose environment on the osteogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and the corresponding therapeutic strategies. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether vitamin D3 can restore the osteogenic differentiation potential of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in a high)glucose environment. METHODS: The viability of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was detected by CCK-8 assay to screen the appropriate vitamin D3 intervention concentration. Under the high-glucose environment, RT-qPCR, western blot assay, immunofluorescence, JC-1 mitochondrial membrane potential, alizarin red staining, and β-galactosidase staining were used to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation potential, intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation, mitochondrial membrane potential alteration, and cell senescence of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells after vitamin D3 intervention. The underlying mechanism was also discussed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Vitamin D3 significantly promoted the proliferation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in the range of 0.1 μmol/L to 1 mmol/L. (2) High-glucose environment down-regulated the mRNA and protein level expressions of osteogenic-related genes α1-I collagen, alkaline phosphatase, Runt-associated transcription factor 2, and osteocalcin in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, which induced oxidative stress and cellular senescence. (3) Vitamin D3 at an intervention concentration of 10 μmol/L significantly restored the osteogenic phenotype of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells under high-glucose conditions and attenuated intracellular oxidative stress and cellular senescence by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. (4) These findings suggested that the osteogenic differentiation ability of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was reduced in the high-glucose environment, and vitamin D3 could partially improve their osteogenic differentiation ability and reduce cell damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University is the property of Journal of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The effects of oxygen-rich water on blood glucose and lipid levels in mouse models of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia were investigated. The hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia models were constructed by feeding SPF adult male Kunming mice a high-sugar and high-fat diet and administering an intraperitoneal injection of alloxan. The models were separately treated with sterile drinking water, oxygen-rich water, and metformin for 30 days. During the intervention, the body weight, water intake, and food consumption were measured at regular intervals. The fasting blood glucose levels and oral glucose tolerance were measured before the mice were euthanized. In addition, the relevant organ and fat indices were calculated, and serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were determined. The liver glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were determined. Furthermore, histopathological changes in the liver were observed. The results revealed that compared with the control model group, the experimental group treated with oxygen-rich water demonstrated significant reductions (P<0.05) in water intake, food intake, fasting blood glucose levels, and area under the oral glucose tolerance curve. In particular, the fasting blood glucose levels equaled 8.36 mmol/L, with a decrease of 31%, while the rest of the indicators did not change significantly (P>0.05). In conclusion, oxygen-rich water has an ameliorating effect on abnormal blood glucose levels of hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic model mice; at the same time, it does not increase the oxidative stress levels in mice. The findings of this study provide new insights and references for adjunctive hypoglycemic strategies from the perspective of food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the effect of intrauterine hyperglycemia exposure on inflammatory cytokine levels in neonatal umbilical cord blood and the incidence of allergic diseases in infants. Methods 112 pregnant women and their infants were enrolled. According to the glucose levels during pregnancy, all women were divided into the intrauterine hyperglycemia exposure (n = 55) and non-intrauterine hyperglycemia exposure groups (n = 57). The levels of inflammatory cytokines in the umbilical cord blood were compared between two groups. During 1-year follow-up, the incidence of allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis and wheezing in infants was compared between two groups. The impact of intrauterine hyperglycemia on neonatal immunity and infant allergic diseases was evaluated. Results There were no significant differences in the levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL12 and TNF-α between two groups (all P > 0.05). In the intrauterine hyperglycemia exposure group, the IL-4 level in the umbilical cord blood was (30.180±8.648) pg/mL, significantly higher than (22.500±10.100) in the non-intrauterine hyperglycemia exposure group (P < 0.05). In the intrauterine hyperglycemia exposure group, the incidence of allergic diseases was 34.7%, higher compared with 24.0% in the non-intrauterine hyperglycemia exposure group during 1-year follow-up. However, there was no significant difference between two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Intrauterine hyperglycemia exposure exerts certain effect on the IL-4 level in the neonatal cord blood, which may provide evidence for early intervention of allergic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Subclinical Cushing's syndrome (SCS) is a common subtype of adrenal incidentaloma. There are few reports on the correlation between hyperglycemia and hypercortisone secretion and its postoperative change in SCS patients. Objective To assess the pre- and post-surgical prevalence of hyperglycemia in patients with SCS secondary to adrenal incidentaloma. Methods The data of 202 patients who consulted in respiratory department of endocrinology, renhe hospital affiliated to shanghai university (shanghai baoshan district renhe hospital). Participants included 36 SCS patients, 41 patients with Cushing's syndrome due to adrenal tumor (CSA), 47 with nonfunctional adrenal tumor (NAT), and 53 controls. OGTT was performed in all of them, and based on the results, HOMA-IR, the area under the curve of blood glucose (AUCGlu) and insulin (AUCIns) were calculated, and plasma cortisol and urinary free cortisol and plasma ACTH were measured, then the values of the parameters were compared between controls and patients. Surgical treatment was given to SCS and CSA patients. The association of hormone and glucose metabolism parameters was assessed using Pearson correlation analysis. Results The prevalence of hyperglycemia in SCS, CSA and NAT patients before surgery and in controls was 41.7%, 51.2%, 25.5%, and 24.5%, respectively. The HbA1c, 2-hour post-load insulin (2 hPIN), AUCGlu and AUCIns in SCS patients were higher than those of controls (P

The prevalence of psoriasis is affected by metabolic syndrome. The risk of metabolism is higher in psoriatic patients. The link between these two diseases can be related to similar pathogenesis and genetic susceptibility loci in these diseases. In addition, individuals with psoriasis and metabolic syndrome have similar dietary habits. At present, psoriasis can be treated with traditional treatment and biological agents. Complication of psoriasis with metabolic syndrome can influence both therapeutic regimens. This article reviews the recent progress on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment of psoriasis and metabolic syndrome. Elucidation of the association between psoriasis and metabolic syndrome makes clinicians better understand these two diseases, and provides a new theoretical basis for better prevention and treatment of psoriasis comorbidities.

The prevalence of psoriasis is affected by metabolic syndrome・ The risk of metabolism is higher in psoriatic patients・ The link between these two diseases can be related to similar pathogenesis and genetic susceptibility loci in these diseases・ In addition, individuals with psoriasis and metabolic syndrome have similar dietary habits・ At present, psoriasis can be treated with traditional treatment and biological agents・ Complication of psoriasis with metabolic syndrome can influence both therapeutic regimens・ This article reviews the recent progress on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment of psoriasis and metabolic syndrome・ Elucidation of the association tween psoriasis and metabolic syndrome makes clinicians better understand these two diseases, and provides a new theoretical basis for better prevention and treatment of psoriasis comorbidities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective·To analyze and explore the influencing factors that lead to cognitive deterioration in individuals with elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) and the metabolic clues associated with changes in the risk of cognitive deterioration.Methods·Data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database were downloaded, and the samples with FBG and follow-up data were selected from the database. Clinical information, including age, gender, body mass index, education years, apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) genotype and race, and corresponding metabolic indicator data, including amino acids, fatty acids, proteins and others were obtained. Based on the FBG levels and diagnosis of cognitive impairment stages in Alzheimer's disease, the subjects were categorized into four groups: normal FBG without/with cognitive deterioration, and elevated FBG without/with cognitive deterioration. The univariate analysis method, the Cox proportional hazards model, orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLSDA), and Spearman correlation analysis were employed for data analysis.Results·A total of 1 317 subjects were included, among which 1 153 had normal FBG level (>3.9 mmol/L and

Objective To analyze the correlation between hypertension，abnormal blood glucose and lipid metabolism and the site and frequency of gout attack. Methods Clinical data of 84 primary gout patients were collected. Gender，age，height，body weight，body mass index （BMI），complicated diseases，site and frequency of gout attack were recorded. The differences of clinical parameters at different sites of gout attack were compared. The differences of frequency of gout attack in patients complicated with diabetes mellitus，hypertension and hyperlipidemia at different time points were also compared. The relationship between age and BMI，and frequency of gout attack was assessed by Spearman’s rank correlation analysis. Results Among 84 patients with primary gout，82 patients were male and 2 female，aged （37.95±10.16） years on average，with a mean height of 170 （165，175） cm，mean weight of 76 （70，83） kg，mean BMI of 26.5 （24.6，29.3） kg/m2. Among them，7 patients （8%） were complicated with diabetes mellitus，18 cases （21%） of hypertension and 16 cases （19%） of hyperlipidemia. the most common site of gout attack was the lower limb，especially the metatarsophalangeal joint （38.10%） and knee joint （35.71%）. The frequency of gout attack within 1，6 and 12 months in gout patients complicated with hypertension was higher compared with that in those without hypertension （all P<0.05）. The frequency of gout attack in gout patients complicated with hypertension was increased over time （all P < 0.05/6 between any two consecutive time points）. BMI of gout patients was positively correlated with 1-year cumulative frequency of gout attack （rs=0.28，P<0.05）. Conclusions The frequency of gout attack in patients complicated with hypertension is higher compared with that of their counterparts without hypertension. The frequency of gout attack is increased over time. Extensive attention should be diverted to blood pressure and BMI in gout patients，thereby reducing the frequency of gout attack.

Recent studies have identified a trend toward cognitive decline and even progression to dementia in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most important subtype of dementia. In reviewing the correlation between cognitive impairment due to MetS and development of AD in previous studies, this paper highlights the growing body of data that supports MetS as a whole as well as its components of hypertension and hyperglycemia as risk factors for AD, whereas insulin resistance, neurologic chronic inflammation, and adipokine disorders play important roles in the pathogenesis. Since there are now no viable treatment alternatives available to stop or reverse the degenerative progression of AD, it is expected to provide scientific evidence for a comprehensive strategy for early prevention and treatment of AD by targeting relatively curable MetS for intervention.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disease, and its hyperglycemia can induce many complications and even threaten human health and life. Ferritinophagy, currently a research focus, has been proven to be related to the occurrence and development of DM and its complications. Ferritinophagy, which is cell-selective, is mediated by nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4), which degrades ferritin in autophagosomes and releases excessive iron ions so that irons are overloaded and ROS are accumulated. This process contributes to the upstream ferroptosis. This article reviews the mechanism of ferritinophagy and its pathogenesis in DM and its complications, and further analyzes the effects of regulated ferritinophagy on DM and its complications, providing new insight into the prevention and treatment of DM and its complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the correlation between hypertension, abnormal blood glucose and lipid metabolism and the site and frequency of gout attack. Methods Clinical data of 84 primary gout patients were collected. Gender, age, height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), complicated diseases, site and frequency of gout attack were recorded. The differences of clinical parameters at different sites of gout attack were compared. The differences of frequency of gout attack in patients complicated with diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidemia at different time points were also compared. The relationship between age and BMI, and frequency of gout attack was assessed by Spearman’s rank correlation analysis. Results Among 84 patients with primary gout, 82 patients were male and 2 female, aged (37.95±10.16) years on average, with a mean height of 170 (165, 175) cm, mean weight of 76 (70, 83) kg, mean BMI of 26.5 (24.6, 29.3) kg/m² . Among them, 7 patients (8%) were complicated with diabetes mellitus, 18 cases (21%) of hypertension and 16 cases (19%) of hyperlipidemia. the most common site of gout attack was the lower limb, especially the metatarsophalangeal joint (38.10%) and knee joint (35.71%). The frequency of gout attack within 1, 6 and 12 months in gout patients complicated with hypertension was higher compared with that in those without hypertension (all P < 0.05). The frequency of gout attack in gout patients complicated with hypertension was increased over time (all P < 0.05/6 between any two consecutive time points). BMI of gout patients was positively correlated with 1-year cumulative frequency of gout attack (rs = 0.28, P < 0.05). Conclusions The frequency of gout attack in patients complicated with hypertension is higher compared with that of their counterparts without hypertension. The frequency of gout attack is increased over time. Extensive attention should be diverted to blood pressure and BMI in gout patients, thereby reducing the frequency of gout attack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To analyze and explore the influencing factors that lead to cognitive deterioration in individuals with elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) and the metabolic clues associated with changes in the risk of cognitive deterioration. Methods Data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroumaging Initiative (ADNI) database were downloaded, and the samples with FBG and follow-up data were selected from the database. Clinical information, including age, gender, body mass index, education years, apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) genotype and race, and corresponding metabolic indicator data, including amino acids, fatty acids, proteins and others were obtained. Based on the FBG levels and diagnosis of cognitive impairment stages im Alzheimer's disease, the subjects were categorized into four groups, normal FBG without with cognitive deterioration, and elevated FHG without with cognitive deterioration. The univariate analysis method, the Cox proportional hazards model, orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLSDA), and Spearman correlation analysis were employed for data analysis. Results A total of 1 317 subjects were included, among which 1 153 had normal FBG level (3.9 mmol/L and 6.1 mmol/L) and 164 had elevated FBG level (26.1 mmol/L). In the normal FBG group. 275 subjects showed cognitive deterioration, while in the elevated FBG group, 53 subjects showed cognitive deterioration. Univariate analysis revealed significant differences in gender and race between the normal FBG and elevated FBG group, and significant differences in age, gender, and APOE4 genotype between the groups with and without cognitive deterioration (all P<0.05). Cox regression analysis indicated that primary influencing factors for cognitive deterioration were APOE4 positivity, zlevated FBG, and increasing age in order (HR-222,HR-1.38, HR-1.02; all P<0.05). In the analysis of baseline metabolic indicators in the groups without and with cognitive deterioration, as well as metabolic indicators hefore and after cognitive deterioration at different FBG levels, the results of the analysis of variance revealed that in the cognitively deteriorated population, the ratio of phospholipids carried by high-density lipoproteins (HDL) to total lipids was significantly higher, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle concentration and the lipids carried by LDL were significantly higher after cognitive deterioration. Correlation analysis showed that valine and leucine were significantly correlated not only with FBG level but also with phosphorylated tau (pTau) level in the plasma in the cognitively deteriorated population. Cholesterol and the ratio of phospholipids to total lipids carried by HDL were significantly correlated with pTau levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Conclusinn-Compared to the individuals with normal FBG level, those with high FBG level have a significantly higher risk of cognitive deterioration. Additionally, different metabolic indicators show significant differences between the groups without and with cognitive deterioration, as well as metabolic indicators before and after cognitive deterioration at different FBG levels. Overall, LDL and its lipid content, and HDL-carried phospholipids show an increasing trend during cognitive deterioration, and the branched- chain amino acids valine and leucine are significantly correlated with plan levels in CSF and plasma, suggesting that these metabolic markers may play an important role in cognitive deterioration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies is the property of Editorial Department of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition) is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is closely related to the occurrence and progress of Parkinson's disease (PD), in which neurotoxicity caused by hyperglycemia and cerebral insulin resistance may play important roles, and the specific mechanism is not certain. Chronic hyperglycemia may lead to the injury of substantia nigra dopaminergic neuron by promoting oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, the formation of advanced glycation end products and endogenous neurotoxin. Moreover, insulin resistance may be involved in several pathways. This article mainly reviews the mechanism of T2DM increasing the risk of PD and provides guidance for the prevention and treatment of PD in patients with T2DM.

Using whole barley flour as raw material (without adding wheat flour), barley whole-grain nutritive noodles (QN) was prepared, and the nutrient components and physicochemical properties of QN were compared with those of commercial wheat noodles (WN) and commercial barley noodles (QN-1, QN-2 and QN-3). The results showed that compared with commercial noodles, QN had significantly higher protein and dietary fiber content, and nutritional quality was significantly improved. Compared with WN,the cooking loss of QN-2, QN-3 and QN increased by 74. 97%, 48. 04% and 65. 77%, and the water absorption increased by 2. 19%,23. 61% and 7. 34%; The peak viscosity,attenuation value and recovery value of QN increased, and the hot paste stability decreased, therefore, QN was not suitable for long time processing; ΔH of QN decreased significantly, and starch was more gelatinized,which was related to the decrease in the ordered structure of QN starch; QN had loose internal structure and poor taste. Compared with QN-2 and QN-3, the gluten network density of QN was larger, the structure was more uniform and dense. QN could maintain the hardness and elasticity of noodles in the cooking process. Starch digestibility in vitro of 5 kinds of noodles was WN(77. 50%) >QN-1(72. 81%) >QN-2(72. 66%)>QN-3 (63. 88%)>QN(54. 57%). QN had lower starch digestibility and was more suitable for people with high blood sugar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum cortistatin (CST), sortilin, human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) and glucose metabolism disorder, insulin resistance in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and their effect on pregnancy outcome. Methods: 333 cases of patients with GDM who were admitted to our hospital from June 2019 to May 2021 were selected as the study group, and 42 cases of healthy pregnant women with normal gestational glucose tolerance during the same period were selected as the control group. Glucose metabolism indexes, insulin resistance indexes, and serum CST, sortilin, and HLA-G levels of subjects were compared between the two groups. The correlation between glucose metabolism, insulin resistance indexes and serum CST, sortilin and HLA-G levels was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis method. The patients with GDM were divided into poor outcome group and good outcome group according to the pregnancy outcome during the follow-up period, and the differences in serum CST, sortilin, HLA-G levels and clinical data were compared between the two groups, and Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors for poor pregnancy outcome in patients with GDM. Results: The proportion of family history of diabetes, complicated hyperlipidemia and the fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 1h postprandial blood glucose (1hPG), 2h postprandial blood glucose (2hPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc), fasting insulin (FINS), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and sortilin levels in the study group were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05), and the serum CST and HLA-G levels in the study group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). Serum CST and HLA-G of patients with GDM were negatively correlated with FPG, 2hPG, HbAlc, FINS, and HOMA-IR (P<0.05), and serum sortilin was positively correlated with FPG, 2hPG, HbAlc, FINS and HOMA-IR (P<0.05). The incidence of poor pregnancy outcome in the study group was 15.32%. The proportion of age ≥35 years old, 1 month before pregnancy body mass index (BMI) ≥24 kg/m², adverse pregnancy history, family history of diabetes, complicated hyperlipidemia, poor blood glucose control and serum sortilin level in the poor outcome group were higher than those in the good outcome group, and serum CST and HLA-G levels were lower than those in the good outcome group (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥35 years old, 1 month before pregnancy BMI ≥24 kg/m², poor blood glucose control, low serum CST level, high serum sortilin level and low serum HLA-G level were risk factors for poor pregnancy outcome in patients with GDM (P＜0.05). Conclusion: Serum CST, sortilin and HLA-G in patients with GDM are closely related to glucose metabolism disorder, insulin resistance and poor pregnancy outcome, suggesting that while strengthening blood glucose monitoring and control, the detection of serum CST, sortilin and HLA-G is helpful for evaluating the condition of patients with GDM and predicting the risk of poor pregnancy outcome. Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum cortistatin (CST), sortilin, human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) and glucose metabolism disorder, insulin resistance in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and their effect on pregnancy outcome. Methods: 333 cases of patients with GDM who were admitted to our hospital from June 2019 to May 2021 were selected as the study group, and 42 cases of healthy pregnant women with normal gestational glucose tolerance during the same period were selected as the control group. Glucose metabolism indexes, insulin resistance indexes, and serum CST, sortilin, and HLA-G levels of subjects were compared between the two groups. The correlation between glucose metabolism, insulin resistance indexes and serum CST, sortilin and HLA-G levels was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis method. The patients with GDM were divided into poor outcome group and good outcome group according to the pregnancy outcome during the follow-up period, and the differences in serum CST, sortilin, HLA-G levels and clinical data were compared between the two groups, and Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors for poor pregnancy outcome in patients with GDM. Results: The proportion of family history of diabetes, complicated hyperlipidemia and the fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 1h postprandial blood glucose (1hPG), 2h postprandial blood glucose (2hPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc), fasting insulin (FINS), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and sortilin levels in the study group were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05), and the serum CST and HLA-G levels in the study group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). Serum CST and HLA-G of patients with GDM were negatively correlated with FPG, 2hPG, HbAlc, FINS, and HOMA-IR (P<0.05), and serum sortilin was positively correlated with FPG, 2hPG, HbAlc, FINS and HOMA-IR (P<0.05). The incidence of poor pregnancy outcome in the study group was 15.32%. The proportion of age ≥35 years old, 1 month before pregnancy body mass index (BMI) ≥24 kg/m², adverse pregnancy history, family history of diabetes, complicated hyperlipidemia, poor blood glucose control and serum sortilin level in the poor outcome group were higher than those in the good outcome group, and serum CST and HLA-G levels were lower than those in the good outcome group (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥35 years old, 1 month before pregnancy BMI ≥24 kg/m², poor blood glucose control, low serum CST level, high serum sortilin level and low serum HLA-G level were risk factors for poor pregnancy outcome in patients with GDM (P＜0.05). Conclusion: Serum CST, sortilin and HLA-G in patients with GDM are closely related to glucose metabolism disorder, insulin resistance and poor pregnancy outcome, suggesting that while strengthening blood glucose monitoring and control, the detection of serum CST, sortilin and HLA-G is helpful for evaluating the condition of patients with GDM and predicting the risk of poor pregnancy outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients need to maintain blood glucose (BG) within the treatment range through the delivery of exogenous insulin. At present, several insulin administration algorithms based on model predictive control and reinforcement learning (RL) have emerged, but there are problems such as poor sample efficiency, overly simple reward mechanisms, and poor blood glucose regulation effects. This paper propose an IASGN (Insulin Administration Strategy with Guided Network) strategy based on reinforcement learning. Aiming at the characteristics of safety and rapidity of the administration strategy, cumulative plot rewards and classified experience playback methods were introduced, elite sample pool was increased according to different importance sampling weights, and the administration guidance network was trained based on the elite sample pool to guide the action of the strategy network, And the reward mechanism has been improved, and the performance of the proposed method has been verified in the FDA approved UVA/Padova T1D simulator. The results showed that the TIR (Time In Range) of the proposed method reached 98.21%,and the TBR (Time Below Range) was close to 0. All patients in CVGA were within the safe range of A+B zone, which can keep their blood sugar within the normal range for a long time and avoid the risk of hypoglycemia. Compared with the benchmark method, it also achieved better performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inpatient hyperglycemia is common in clinical practice, and is associated with various in-hospital adverse outcomes, increased mortality in critically ill patients, and prolonged hospital stay in non-critically ill patients. Currently, guidelines in endocrinology and metabolism at home and abroad all recommend systematic management of inpatient hyperglycemia, and highlight the principle of individualized management, namely, recommend that glycemic targets should be set individualized based on the patient's individual characteristics. We reviewed the definition, management status, glycemic targets and monitoring methods of inpatient hyperglycemia in worldwide guidelines, and discussed the advances in inpatient hyperglycemia management from a perspective of comparing the similarities and differences in glycemic targets set for different types of inpatient populations and for inpatients with different conditions. This review clearly indicates that the inpatient management of hyperglycemia still needs to adhere to the principle of individualized management, thereby reducing the incidence of complications and all-cause mortality related to hyperglycemia.

Patients after stroke are often accompanied by disorders of consciousness and swallowing disorders, and giving enteral nutrition is of great significance to avoid malnutrition and improve the prognosis. Stress hyperglycemia is a common complication in the acute phase and has an unfavorable prognosis. Enteral nutrition has an impact on blood glucose. In this paper, a literature search on related issues was conducted, in order to review the relationship between enteral nutrition and blood glucose, intestinal nutrition, hyperglycemia, and Traditional Chinese Medicine care technology-assisted hypoglycemic treatment. (脑卒中患者常伴有意识障碍、吞咽障碍, 给予肠内营养对避免营养不良、改善预后具有重要意义。应激性高血糖是急性期常见并发症, 对患者预后不利。肠内营养会对血糖产生影响, 本文就相关问题进行文献检索, 对肠内营养与血糖的关系、肠内营养的管理、高血糖的管理以及中医护理技术辅助降糖进行综述。)

Objective: To explore the effect and safety of Daglilipin combined with Liraglutide on blood glucose control and insulin function in patients with obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: A total of 106 obese T2DM patients were divided into two groups according to treatment methods: combination group was treated with dagliagliazine combined with liraglutide (55 cases), and control group was treated with liraglutide (51 cases). The therapeutic effect and the occurrence of adverse reactions were recorded and compared between the two groups. Lipid metabolism indexes (adiponectin (APN), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and insulin function indexes (homeostasis islet β) were detected before and after treatment in the two groups Changes in cell secretion function index (HOMA-β), insulin evaluation index (HOMA-IR), blood pressure [systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP)] and body mass index (BMI). Results: The total effective rate of combined group was higher than that of control group (P<0.05), and the total incidence of adverse reactions was higher than that of control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of TC, TG, HOMA-IR and SBP, DBP in peripheral blood of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05), while the concentration of APN, HOMA-IR and BMI were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Dagliagliazine combined with Liraglutide can effectively control the levels of blood glucose, blood lipid and blood pressure in obese T2DM patients, protect the function of the islet, but may also lead to more adverse reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Natural Science) is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus and malignant tumors are two kinds of chronic diseases with tremendous impact on human health. Numerous epidemiological and clinical studies have shown that type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of liver, pancreatic, endometrial, gallbladder, colorectal and breast cancers. Hyperglycemia can promote cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and immune escape through a variety of direct and indirect mechanisms. Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia can activate multiple signal transduction pathways through insulin/IGF-I signaling axis and promote tumorigenesis. Sustained chronic inflammatory responses can promote the development of cancer through DNA damage and pro-inflammatory factors. Gut microbiome dysbiosis is closely related to the occurrence of several gastrointestinal tumors. This paper reviews the progress on the correlation between type 2 diabetes mellitus and the progression of malignant tumors and the possible mechanisms.

Objective To evaluate the effects of high glucose on oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells co-cultured with Raw264.7 cells. Methods ① Raw264.7 cells were separated into 3 groups based on the glucose levels in the medium (25, 30, and 35 mmol/L). Flow cytometry was used to detect CD86 expression. RT-qPCR was employed to detect the mRNA expression levels of IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, NOX2, and p47phox in Raw264.7 cells. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression level of iNOS. The DCFH-DA probe was used to measure the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Raw264.7 cells. ②MC3T3-E1 cells were divided into 3 groups: normal glucose group (5.5 mmol/L glucose, 5.5-Mono), high glucose mono-culture group (35 mmol/L glucose, 35-Mono) and high glucose co-culture group (co-cultured with Raw264.7 for 24 h, 35-Co). The ROS level of MC3T3-E1 cells were detected by DCFH-DA probe. The autophagic level was assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the expression of related proteins was detected with Western blotting. Flow cytometry was applied to determine the rate of apoptosis. Results Compared with the normal glucose group, the expression level of CD86 in Raw 264.7 cells was increased in other high glucose groups. Compared with the 25 mmol/L group, the mRNA levels of IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, NOX2, and p47phox were increased (P < 0.05), the protein level of iNOS was elevated (P < 0.05) and the ROS level in the Raw264.7 cells was raised in the 35mmol/L group as well. Compared with the normal glucose group, the ROS level of MC3T3-E1 cells in the high glucose groups was increased, especially in high glucose co-culture group. The number of autophagolysosomes in the MC3T3-E1 cells were increased sharply in the high glucose co-culture group. The protein levels of LC3-II and SQSTM1/p62 in MC3T3-E1 cells were increased significantly in the high glucose co-culture group (P < 0.05). The apoptotic rate of MC3T3-E1 cells was significantly higher in the high glucose co-culture group than the high glucose mono-culture group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Co-culture with M1-polarized Raw264.7 cells under high glucose induces apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells, which may be related to the production of ROS and over-enhancement of autophagy in MC3T3-E1 cells.

Corn silk is rich in a variety of biologically active ingredients. The development of tea products based on corn silk and supplemented by other auxiliary materials could be of great significance for alleviating high blood pressure, high blood fat, and high blood sugar. The main ingredients of corn silk tea products on dominating online shopping APPs were sorted out in current study. Then, in order to assess the bioactive substances and antioxidant capacities in the water-extraction of corn silk tea products, an experiment was carried out with corn silk as the main material and other ingredients as supplements under different mass ratios with 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1. The results showed that thirteen ingredients were sorted out by analyzing 139 kinds of corn silk tea products sourced from 8 shopping APPs, occurrence times of which were more than 20% of total products number, such as mulberry leaves, hawthorn and pueraria. Under the mass ratio of black corn silk to most ingredients with 2:1, the contents of total polysaccharides, total saponins and total flavonoids in the water-extraction were higher, but the antioxidant capacity did not show an advantage. The integrated effects of bioactive substances and antioxidant capacities were assessed by subordinate function value method, and it was concluded that corn silk with pueraria, gardenia, chrysanthemum, pericarpium citri reticulatae and tartary buckwheat had better comprehensive effect under the mass ratio of 2 : 1. Therefore, 1.5 g corn silk with 0.75 g pueraria, gardenia, chrysanthemum, pericarpium citri reticulatae and tartary buckwheat could be used as potential products for corn silk tea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the correlation between metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components and corrected QTc interval prolongation in the elderly population in urban communities. Methods Using the typical sampling epidemiological survey method from September to November 2011, 1 046 elderly people in urban communities were investigated by questionnaire, 1 028 completed physical examination, biochemical indices and electrocardiogram examination. A total of 233 cases with incomplete data and previous cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease and arrhythmia were excluded, and 795 cases were finally included in this study. According to the MS diagnostic criteria proposed by Chinese diabetes society in 2004 and QTc＞440 ms as the basis of QTc interval prolongation, the subjects were divided into the MS group, the non-MS group and the normal group. The correlation between MS and its different components, smoking and drinking and QTc interval prolongation was analyzed. Results The QTc interval prolongation in the MS group was significantly longer than that in the non-MS group, and the blood pressure and blood sugar increased. The QTc interval in the smoking and drinking group was significantly longer than that in the normal group, with statistically significant difference (P＜0.05). The QTc interval prolongation in the overweight/obesity and dyslipidemia patients was longer than that in the normal group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P＞0. 05). The prolongation of QTc interval was positively correlated with MS, fasting blood glucose (FPG) and systolic blood pressure (P＜0. 05). Abnormal increase of FPG and systolic blood pressure were risk factors for the prolongation of QTc interval (P＜0. 05). Conclusion MS is significantly correlated with QTc interval prolongation, and the increase of FPG and blood pressure may be the risk factors of QTc interval prolongation. More attention should be paid to the observation of FPG and blood pressure in MS patients to prevent serious arrhythmia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy has a high disability rate and is one of the most common chronic complications of diabetes. Because its pathogenesis is complex and diverse, there is no recognized treatment method currently. It is a challenge to treat and manage this chronic disease. However, there are few reviews in this area. OBJECTIVE: To explore the related pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and to review the application effect of different treatment methods in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. METHODS: The first author searched the relevant literature in CNKI, WanFang and PubMed databases. The Chinese search terms were “diabetic peripheral neuropathy, diabetic complications, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, Chinese medicine, surgical treatment, surgery, electrical stimulation, nerve release, nerve decompression” and the English search terms were “DPN, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, pathogenesis, diagnosis, therapy, treatment, drug, surgery, nerve decompression, nerve electrical stimulation, gene, exosome.” The literature search time was limited from January 2000 to January 2022. The literature was initially screened by reading the abstracts of the articles and those unrelated to the theme of the article were excluded. Finally 88 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hyperglycemia is the root cause of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Strengthening blood sugar control is the most basic and important step in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Analgesic drugs can significantly reduce pain symptoms of patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. α-Lipoic acid and epalrestat play an anti-oxidative stress role; mecobalamin and nerve growth factor can promote the recovery of nerve function. According to the pathogenesis of “double extrusion” of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, nerve decompression and nerve transferring can reduce the degree of neuropathy, relieve pain and increase nerve conduction velocity in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Gene and stem cell therapies are promising new therapies. They are targeted, but relevant clinical studies are currently lacking and there are also concerns on ethical and safety issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This study aims to elucidate the underlying mechanism of hyperglycemia induced Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like pathological changes. Methods Thirty Sprague Dawley rats (aged 18 weeks) were randomly divided into one control groups and two experimental groups (n=10 for each group), including control group, STZ+HFD group, and STZ+HFD+AICAR group. Control rats (n=10) was fed with the standard diet and experimental rats (n=20) was fed with high fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. 8 weeks after feeding, we estimated the reliability of the experimental model by measuring blood glucose levels (each week) of rats, serum insulin concentrations and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) test. Then experimental rats were injected with 50 mg/kg/ day Streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally for three days, whereas the control rats were given the same dose of citric acid buffer for comparison. Morris water maze tests was performed to observe the functional changes of brain regions related to spatial learning and memory in each group. Western blot was performed to detect the abundances of AMPK, p-AMPK, SIRT1, H3acK9 and CDK5 in rats. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed to evaluate the levels of MAPT/Tau which can reflect the AD-like pathological changes. Furthermore, AMPK agonist (AICAR) was used to assess whether AMPK/SIRT1 pathway, which participate in the AD-like pathological changes, is the upstream molecules of H3acK9 and CDK5. Results We found treatment with HFD and STZ significantly increased blood glucose and serum insulin levels, and impaired glucose tolerance in rats. Hyperglycemia led to a decrease in the activity of AMPK and expression of SIRT1. The expression levels of underlying molecules of AMPK including H3acK9 and CDK5 significantly increased. The levels of phosphorylated Tau significantly increased in brain tissues. Additonally, AICAR administration partial reversed hyperglycemia-induced AD-like molecular pathologic changes through activating AMPK/SIRT1, decreasing expression of H3acK9 and CDK5, and inhibiting Tau protein hyperphosphorylation in rat brain tissues. Conclusion Hyperglycemia induces inactivation of AMPK/SIRT1 pathway which promotes excessive deacetylation of H3K9 and over expression of CDK5, these changes in turn lead to Tau protein hyperphosphorylation and AD-like molecular pathologic changes.

Objective: To explore the relationship between human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection and lipid and glucose metabolism, insulin resistance and immune imbalance in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods: 100 elderly patients with T2DM who were admitted to Changsha Third Hospital from February 2021 to March 2022 were selected as the study group, and 60healthy volunteers who came to for physical examination in the same period were selected as the control group. The study group was divided into 41 cases in the positive group and 59 cases in the negative group according to the HCMV-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) test results. HCMV-DNA load, T lymphocyte subsets (CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+), lipid and glucose metabolism [high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), fasting blood glucose (FBG), triacylglycerol (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) ], and insulin resistance [fasting insulin (FINS), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) ]were detected and compared between the control group and the study group. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between HCMV infection and lipid and glucose metabolism, insulin resistance and immune imbalance in elderly patients with T2DM.Results: The HCMV-DNA positive rate and HCMV-DNA load in the study group were higher than those in the control group, and the negative rate was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the positive group and the negative group were lower than those in the control group, and those in the positive group were lower than those in the negative group (P<0.05). CD8+ in the positive group and the negative group was higher than that in the control group, and that in the positive group was higher than that in the negative group (P<0.05). HbA1c, FBG, TC, TG, LDL-C in the positive group and the negative group were higher than those in the control group, and those in the positive group were higher than those in the negative group (P<0.05). HDL-C in the positive group and the negative group was lower than that in the control group, and that in the positive group was lower than that in the negative group (P<0.05). HOMA-IR and FINS in the positive group and the negative group were higher than those in the control group, and those in the positive group were higher than those in the negative group (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that HCMV-DNA load was negatively correlated with CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, HDL-C (P<0.05), but positively correlated with CD8+, HbA1c, FBG, TC, TG, LDL-C, FINS,HOMA-IR (P<0.05). Conclusion: HCMV virus infection can lead to the disorder of lipid and glucose metabolism in elderly patients with T2DM, promote insulin resistance, aggravate immune imbalance, and accelerate the progress of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Forensic Medicine / Fayixue Zazhi is the property of Journal of Forensic Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Targeted temperature management (TTM) is a complex and sophisticated intensive-care procedure that is included in the American Heart Association guidelines for treating patients who remain unconscious after resuscitation from cardiac arrest. TTM has been demonstrated to reduce brain injury associated with reperfusion after resuscitation and to improve the neurological prognosis in patients with cardiac arrest. The TTM process may be divided into four phases: induction, maintenance, rewarming, and normothermia. The critical element in TTM is the quick lowering and slow raising of body temperature, which should be fine-tuned to maintain temperature stability and minimize variation. Caregivers should monitor the physiological changes caused by core body temperature change closely and manage possible complications such as shivering, hypo- and hyper-glycemia, electrolyte imbalance, skin injury, arrhythmia, and infection. Based on contemporary evidence and clinical experience, this article provides critical care nurses a summary and key points of each stage of TTM when used to take care of resuscitated patients after cardiac arrest. We hope this work may help improve patient safety and quality of care during the TTM procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the changes of type 1 T helper cells (Th1)/type 2 T helper cells (Th2) in peripheral blood of the patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) under different blood glucose conditions, and to investigate the involvement of the changes of Th1/Th2 subsets under different blood glucose conditions on vascular endothelial injury. Methods Seventy-three CHD patients diagnosed in our hospital from January 2019 to April 2021 and 20 healthy volunteers (control group) were enrolled in this study. According to the blood glucose level of the CHD patients, they were divided into diabetes group (group DM, n=25), impaired glucose tolerance group (group IGR, n=10) and normal blood glucose group (group N, n=38). The percentages of Th1/Th2 cell subsets and the concentration of Th1/Th2 related cytokines in the peripheral blood were measured. Cytotoxic activity of different cell subsets against human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were evaluated. Results The percentage of Th1 cells and concentration of interferonγ (IFNγ) were significantly higher in the group DM than the groups IGR, N and Control [percentage of Th1 cells; (10.13±2.34) %vs (6.38±0.89)%, (6.13±1.19)% and (6.26±1.18)%, P < 0.05; IFNγ: 58.29±8.24vs 47.60±3.91, 47.69±5.08 and 39.18±4.34 pg/mL, P < 0.05]. While the concentration of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the group DM was obviously lower than that in the other 3 groups (20.74±3.61vs 23.83±4.23, 30.03±4.28 and 35.69±4.25 pg/mL, P < 0.05). Cytotoxic efficiency of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to HUVEC was significantly elevated in the group DM than the other 3 groups [(67.69±1.96)%vs (78.19±4.02)%, (77.78±2.78)% and (77.64±4.01)%, P < 0.05]. But there was no statistical difference in the elimination of CD4+ T cells in the group DM and the other 3 groups. Conclusion CHD patients with hyperglycemia present obvious imbalances of Th1/Th2 cells and cytokines in the peripheral blood, which promoting the damage of hyperglycemia to vascular endothelial cells.

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2021.12.015

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective　To explore the efficacy of Huanglian Heye formula combined with metformin in the treatment of obese type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with damp-heat retention and its influence on vascular endothelial function and arterial elasticity. Methods　A total of 120 obese T2DM patients with damp-heat retention were included. The patients were divided into a control group (60 cases) and an experimental group ( 60 cases) by the random number table method; the control group was given metformin (0. 5 g/ time, three times daily), and the experimental group was given Huanglian Heye formula (two times daily) combined with metformin. Both groups were treated for 12 weeks. The clinical effect was compared between the two groups, and the metabolic indexes, including the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome score, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2 h postprandial plasma glucose (2 h PG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), vascular endothelial function [reactive hyperemia index (RHI), hip-ankle pulse wave velocity (PWV), and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2)] were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results　The difference in clinical effect between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0. 05), and the total effective rate of the experimental group was 95. 00%, which was higher than the 80. 00% of the control group. Compared with the patients before treatment, the TCM syndrome score, FPG, 2 h PG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, BMI, WHR, PWV and Lp-PLA2 in the two groups after treatment were significantly lower(P<0. 05, P<0. 01), while the RHI level was higher(P<0. 05, P <0. 01). When comparing the two groups after treatment, the TCM syndrome score, 2 h PG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, BMI, WHR and Lp-PLA2 level in the experimental group were significantly decreased (P<0. 01), the RHI level was increased(P<0. 05), and the FPG and PWV were decreased (P<0. 05). Conclusion　Huanglian Heye formula combined with metformin can effectively improve blood glucose and insulin resistance in obese T2DM patients with damp-heat retention, reduce body mass, and improve vascular endothelial function and arterial elasticity function, with good curative effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type 2 diabetes mellitus and malignant tumors are two kinds of chronic diseases with tremendous impact on human health. Numerous epidemiological and clinical studies have shown that type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of liver, pancreatic, endometrial, gallbladder, colorectal and breast cancers. Hyperglycemia can promote cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and immune escape through a variety of direct and indirect mechanisms. Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia can activate multiple signal transduction pathways through insulin/ IGF-I signaling axis and promote tumorigenesis. Sustained chronic inflammatory responses can promote the development of cancer through DNA damage and pro-inflammatory factors. Gut microbiome dysbiosis is closely related to the occurrence of several gastrointestinal tumors. This paper reviews the progress on the correlation between type 2 diabetes mellitus and the progression of malignant tumors and the possible mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the regulatory effect of neutral polysaccharide from Acanthopanax trifoliatus (L.) Merr (ATP1-1) on intestinal disaccharidase in type 2 diabetic mice. A Type 2 diabetic mouse model was established through the induction by high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin (STZ). All diabetic mice were divided into 4 groups: model group, metformin group [185 mg/(kg·d)], high-dose ATP1-1 group [80 mg/(kg·d)], and low-dose ATP1-1 group [40 mg/(kg·d)]. Normal group was also set separately. The mice were given continuous intragastric administration for 8 weeks, during which Fasting blood glucose (FBG), glucose, sucrose and maltose tolerance were determined. After the last administration, in vivo and in vitro disaccharidase activities as well as them RNA expressions of sucrase-isomaltase (SI) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were evaluated. The results showed that compared with the model group, the FBG of themice in high-dose ATP1-1 and low-doseATP1-1 groups decreased by 27.06% and 19.96%, respectively (p<0.01), and the glucose, sucrose and maltose tolerance of the diabetic mice were significantly improved (p<0.01). In vivo experiments showed that the inhibition rates of high-dose ATP1-1 on the sucrase of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum were 48.29%, 75.09% and 31.41%, respectively, with the inhibition rates against the corresponding maltases being 26.23%, 18.34%, and 34.18%, respectively. In vitro experimental results showed that the IC50 o ATP1-1 on the duodenal sucrase and maltase were 3 381.00 µg/mL and 226.50 µg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, ATP1-1 could up-regulate GLP-1 mRNA expression and down-regulate SI mRNA expression (p<0.01). Therefore, ATP1-1 can inhibit the activity and expression of intestinal disaccharidase, and promote the expression of GLP-1 to improve the hyperglycemia state of type 2 diabetic mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Hyperglycemia caused by diabetes are closely related to male infertility, and Ganoderma lucidum spores are considered to be anti-aging and improve blood glucose levels. However, the protective effect of Ganoderma lucidum spores on diabetic epididymis remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effects of Ganoderma lucidum spores on diabetic epididymis. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group (n=10), high fat/high glucose group (n=10), and model group (n=20). Rats in the normal group were fed with normal diet, while those in the high fat/high glucose group and model group were fed with high fat and high glucose diet. The rats in the model group were then intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (30 mg/kg) to induce diabetes mellitus. Model rats were randomly divided into diabetes mellitus group (n=10) and Ganoderma lucidum spores group (GLS, n=10). The rats in the GLS group were treated with Ganoderma lucidum spores (300 mg/kg per day) by gavage, and the rats in the high fat/high glucose group and diabetes mellitus group were gavaged with the equal volume of normal saline and fed with high fat and high glucose diet for 12 weeks. Body mass, fasting blood glucose, superoxide dismutase activity, malondialdehyde level and sperm deformity rate were measured in each group. Structural changes in the epididymis in diabetic rats were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The protein expression levels of cleaved caspase-3, beclin1, p62, and LC3 in the rat epididymal tissue were detected by western blot and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Ganoderma lucidum spores could significantly recovery epididymal function, improve the epididymal histopathology, and promote cell autophagy and antioxidant capacity. Immunohistochemical staining results showed that the immune intensity of p62 and cleaved caspase-3 decreased significantly. Western blot analysis showed that Ganoderma lucidum spores obviously upregulated beclin1 and LC3 protein expression levels and decreased p62 and Cleaved caspase-3 protein expression levels when compared with the diabetes mellitus group. To conclude, Ganoderma lucidum spores may induce autophagy, increase antioxidant capacity and inhibit apoptosis to protect against epididymal injury in diabetic rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus can induce liver inflammation, and exercises have been proved to improve type 2 diabetes mellitus, but the mechanism is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of aerobic and resistance exercises on liver inflammation in type 2 diabetic rats. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into six groups (n=8 per group), which were blank control group, aerobic exercise group, resistance exercise group, diabetic model group, diabetic aerobic exercise group, and diabetic resistance exercise group. Animal models of type 2 diabetes mellitus were established with high-sugar and high-fat diet combined with low-dose streptozotocin. The aerobic exercise was carried out on a non-weightbearing treadmill, 20 m/min, 60 min/d, 5 days per week, for 8 weeks in total. The resistance exercise was set to be a weight-bearing ladder exercise, during which the load was progressively increased to 100% of the maximum load. The weight-bearing ladder exercise was repeated three times under the same load, a session per day, 5 days a week, for 8 weeks in total. Fasting blood glucose was measured by Johnson & Johnson blood glucose meter, and glucose tolerance test was performed by intraperitoneal injection, and the area under the blood glucose line (AUC) was calculated. Fasting insulin, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine rich repeat and pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD, caspase-1, and interleukin-1β were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The morphological changes of liver tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the blank control group, fasting blood glucose and AUC increased significantly in the diabetic model group (P < 0.01). After exercise intervention, fasting blood glucose and AUC in the diabetic aerobic exercise group and diabetic resistance exercise group were still significantly higher than those in the blank control group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). However, compared with the diabetic model group, fasting blood glucose and AUC were significantly decreased in the diabetic aerobic exercise group and diabetic resistance exercise group (all P < 0.01), and fasting blood glucose and AUC in the diabetic resistance exercise group were significantly lower than those in the diabetic aerobic exercise group (P < 0.05). Compared with the blank control group, the structure of hepatic lobules was unclear and the arrangement of hepatocyte cords was disordered in the diabetic model group, accompanied by enlarged hepatocytes and inflammatory cell infiltration to varying degrees; the arrangement of hepatocytes was more regular, hepatocyte swelling was improved, and the number of inflammatory cells decreased in the diabetic aerobic exercise group; the arrangement of hepatocytes was irregular, hepatocyte swelling was slightly improved, and the number of inflammatory cells decreased in the diabetic resistance exercise group. The expression levels of NLRP3, apoptosis associated speck-like protein containing a CARD, caspase-1, and interleukin-1β in the liver of rats in the diabetic model group were significantly higher than those in the blank control group (P < 0.01), while the expression levels of these indicators in the diabetic aerobic exercise group were significantly lower than those in the diabetic model group (P < 0.05). Compared with the diabetic model group, the expression of the above-mentioned indicators showed a downward trend but did not change significantly in the diabetic resistance exercise group (P > 0.05), and there was also no significant difference between diabetic aerobic exercise group and diabetic resistance exercise group (P > 0.05). To conclude, aerobic exercise can effectively alleviate liver inflammations induced by diabetes, maybe because the aerobic exercise can reduce the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and inhibit interleukin-1β expression, while the resistance exercise that can significantly improve hyperglycemia and insulin resistance has no obvious effect on liver inflammations induced by diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies is the property of Editorial Department of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To explore the active components, targets and possible mechanism of Yishen Tongluo (Kidney-boosting Collateral-unblocking) Formula (YSTLF) in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) based on network pharmacology. Methods The effective components and related targets of YXTLF were screened from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform ( TCMSP), The Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine ( ETCM) and A Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechanism of Tradition Chinese Medicine (BATMAN-TCM), and further supplemented with literature research. Then these components and targets were associated with the target information related to DKD in GeneCards, OMIM, TTD and DrugBank databases. Based on the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network constructed by String11. 0 software, the key targets corresponding to the main active components in YSTLF were obtained. The "component-disease-target" regulatory network diagram with TCM compounds was constructed by cytoscape 3. 8. 0, and the pharmacodynamic mechanism of YSTLF in the treatment of DKD was preliminarily predicted. At the same time, gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) enrichment analysis were carried out using R language BioConductor and pathview software to reveal the functions of related target genes and pathways. With the mesangial cells ( SV40-MES-13) of mice induced by high glucose as the main research object, the effects of YSTLF on the expression of key target genes and the regulation of related pathways were verified by luciferase reporter gene detection, RT-qPCR and western blot. Results 108 active components of YSTLF with potential therapeutic effect of DKD and 417 corresponding targets were screened. The " component-disease-target" network diagram suggested that kaempferol and astragaloside were the main active components in YSTLF in the treatment of DKD, and Akt and IL-6 were the key targets of the above-mentioned chemical components. The result of GO functional annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment showed that the selected key targets were mainly involved in a series of biological reactions, such as drug immune response, oxidative stress response, inflammatory response, and signal transduction, etc., and were mainly involved in the regulation of AGE-RAGE and PI3K/ AKT signal pathways. The result showed that YSTLF could effectively improve the activation of inflammation related indexes TNF-α and IL-6 and fibrosis related indexes TGF-β1, α-SMA and Col-I in SV40-MES-13 cells in mice induced by high glucose. Conclusion Yishen Tongluo Formula seems to be multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway in the treatment of DKD. It may play a role in the treatment of DKD by regulating AGE-RAGE and PI3K/ AKT signal pathways, thus inhibiting inflammatory reaction and renal tissue fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect of the interaction between single nucleotide polymorphisms of the EXT2 gene and the KCNJ11 gene and blood glucose on the susceptibility to metabolic syndrome with Yin deficiency syndrome. Methods Multiple single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing techniques were used to detect SNPs in metabolic syndrome patients with Yin deficiency or non-yin deficiency syndrome and healthy people. The SHEsis software was used to analyze the genes of three groups of participants. A generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction combined with a logistic regression model was used to detect the effect of the interaction between the SNPs and blood glucose on the metabolic syndrome with Yin deficiency syndrome. Results Individuals with the KCNJ11 gene rs5215-C allelic polymorphism (CT + CC) had a risk of metabolic syndrome with Yin deficiency syndrome being 0.947 times higher than those with TT (P > 0.05). Individuals with the EXT2 gene rsll037909-C allelic polymorphism (CT + CC) had a risk of metabolic syndrome being 1.839 times higher than those with TT (P < 0.05). The model composed of the rs11037909 locus of the EXT2 gene and blood glucose was the best model related to the risk of metabolic syndrome with Yin deficiency syndrome (P = 0.001). Individuals with the CT/CC genotype but without hyperglycemia had a 4. 216 times higher risk of metabolic syndrome with Yin deficiency syndrome compared with those with the TT genotype but without hyperglycemia (P < 0.05). Individuals with hyperglycemia and the TT genotype had a 3. 737 times higher risk of metabolic syndrome with Yin deficiency syndrome compared with those with the same genotype but without hyperglycemia. (P <0.05). Conclusion Carrying the rs5215-C allele of the KCNJ11 gene did not increase the susceptibility to metabolic syndrome Yin deficiency syndrome. The rs11037909-C allele of the EXT2 gene was a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. The interaction between rs11037909 of the EXT2 gene and blood glucose will increase the susceptibility to metabolic syndrome with Yin deficiency syndrome. Both the rs11037909-C allele and hyperglycemia were risk factors for metabolic syndrome with Yin deficiency syndrome. After two risk factors interacted, the risk of developing metabolic syndrome with Yin deficiency syndrome was higher than those without risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The research is to explore the enzyme inhibition of Perilla crude extract, and to preliminarily elucidate the pharmacological substance basis of them on hyperglycemia, hyperuric acid and hyperlipidemia. Methods: The content of flavonoids and phenolic acid in UV extract was determined and showed the active components associated with enzyme inhibition. In vitro experiments, the inhibition of Perilla extracts on different enzyme activity was determined and the inhibitory activity was evaluated by IC50. Molecular docking was used to predict the targets of Perilla crude extract on pancreatic lipase and amylase inhibition. Results: Flavone content in the crude UV extract was 0.309 8 mg/mg, and the total phenolic aid content was 58.59 mg/g. The IC50 values of Perilla crude extracted for α-amylase, xanthine oxidase, pancreatic lipase and acetylcholinest-erase were 0.273, 0.244, 0.347 and 0.018 mg/mL, respectively, Apigenin-5-O -β-D-glucosine, xyrhinin-7-diglucosotide, apigenin-7-glucosine, cannol-3-0-ruassin, rosemary acid, rutin and others were the effective active components of perilla crude extracts. Conclusion: The Perilla crude extracts all have certain inhibitory activities on four enzymes, and presents a dose-effect relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)