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Danas se u svijetu proizvede oko 400 milijuna tona papira što jasno implicira na važnost ove grane industrije u globalnoj ekonomiji. U radu su opisani osnovni sirovi materijali i načini obrade papira, povijesni razvoj tvornice za proizvodnju papira u Belišću, proces proizvodnje te automatizacija samog procesa. Kako bi se osigurala kontinuirana proizvodnja, pogoni za proizvodnju papira se automatiziraju te se tako uz pomoć softverskog sistema olakšava rukovođenje i praćenje proizvodnje.Vodeći proizvođači papira nastoje novim tehnologijama poput novih natoka, uštedjeti energiju te poboljšati kvalitetu proizvoda. Energija biomase te razvoj recikliranih vlakana i proizvoda samo su neki od načina na koje proizvođači žele smanjiti loš utjecaj na okoliš te podizati ekološku osviještenost kod ostalih proizvođača, odnosno pogona. Nowdays, around 400 million tonnes of paper are produced in the world, which clearly implies the importance of this industry branch in the global economy. The paper describes the basic raw materials and methods of paper processing, the historical development of the paper production plant in Belišće, the process of production and the automation of the process itself.In order to ensure continuous production, paper production plants are automated and thus, with the help of the software system, it facilitates the management and monitoring of production.Leading paper manufacturers strive for new technologies such as new headbox to save energy and improve product quality.Biomass energy and the development of recycled fibers and products are just some of the ways manufacturers want to reduce their environmental impact and raise ecological awareness among other manufacturers or plants.

Tema ovoga završnog rada je zelena logistika i ekologija. U radu će biti prikazani i objašnjeni opći logistički pojmovi, pojam održivoga razvoja, ekologije i „zelene“ logistike. Navesti će se ciljevi „zelene“ logistike te kako ih jedna tvrtka može ostvariti. Objasniti će se povezanost logistike i ekologije te zašto je bitna. Usporediti će se povratna logistika sa „zelenom logistikom“ te njihova međusobna povezanost sa pojmom upravljanja otpadom. Rad nastoji ukazati na važnost konstantnog uvođenja novih komponenti „zelene“ logistike koji će pomoći sve više umanjiti negativne učinke na okoliš odnosno velike stope zagađenja., The theme of this paper is „green“ logistics and ecology. The terms of logistics, sustainable development, ecology and „green logistics“ will be presented and explained in this paper. The goals of „green“ logistics will be presented and also way of how a company can achieve them. The important connection between logistics and ecology will be shown and explained. „Green“ logistics and reverse logistics will be put in a comparison and their connection with waste management will also be explained. The final work is going to show the importance of constant application of new components to „green“ logistics which will help reduce the environmental damage caused by the high rates of pollution.

Knjiga Postanka ističe da je Bog stvorio čovjeka na svoju sliku i povjerio mu brigu za svijet da nastavi njegovo djelo stvaranja. Međutim, grijehom je čovjek iznevjerio povjerenu mu zadaću i u svojoj oholosti narušio svoj odnos prema Bogu, bližnjemu i prirodi. Paradoksalno je da je čovjek tim činom zapravo ponajviše naštetio samom sebi jer grijeh u sebi uvijek ima razarajuću snagu i po naravi narušava cjelokupne čovjekove odnose. Polazeći od antropologije grijeha, a u svjetlu enciklike Laudato si', u ovom radu želimo pobliže prikazati konkretne grijehe i njihove razorne posljedice. One se očituju u grešnim postupcima prema Bogu, bližnjemu i prirodi, a očituju se, prije svega, kao ekocid, kulturocid, grijeh protiv pravednosti i međugeneracijske solidarnosti, odnosno, općenito kao grijeh protiv ljudske ekologije koji je izravno usmjeren protiv dostojanstva ljudske osobe. Grijesi protiv prirode nisu, naime, ništa manje teški od grijeha protiv Boga i čovjeka. Naprotiv, čine jednu nerazdvojnu cjelinu te se u zadnjem djelu rada posebno ističe važnost ekološkog obraćenja, budući da ga papa Franjo predlaže kao jedini put izlaska iz nastale krize i put kojim se čovjek može izliječiti od slijepe oholosti te na taj način ponovno preuzeti odgovornost za svijet koji mu je Bog povjerio na čuvanje., The book of Genesis points out that God created man in his own image and entrusted him with the care of the world to continue his work of creation. However, through sin, man failed the task entrusted to him and in his haughtiness infringed his relationship with God, his neighbour and nature. It is paradoxical that by this act, man actually harmed himself the most, because sin always has a destructive force in it and by its very nature destroys all of man's relationships. Starting from the anthropology of sin, and in the light of the encyclical Laudato Si', in this paper we want to take a closer look at concrete sins and their devastating consequences. They are manifested in sinful actions towards God, neighbour and nature, and they are manifested, first of all, as ecocide, culturocide, a sin against justice and intergenerational solidarity, or, in general, as a sin against human ecology that is directly aimed at the dignity of the human person. Sins against nature are no less serious than sins against God and man. On the contrary, they form an inseparable entirety, and in the last part of the paper, the importance of ecological conversion is especially pointed out, since Pope Francis proposes it as the only way out of the present crisis and the way by which man can be cured of blind arrogance and in this way take responsibility for the world again which God entrusted to his care.

U članku se na temelju rezultata historiografije i odabranih izvora predstavljaju izabrani aspekti života i rada Nikole VII . Zrinskog (Čakovec, 3. svibnja 1620. – šuma Otok kraj Kuršanca, 18. studenoga 1664.), pri čemu su o njegovu književnom stvaralaštvu i posjedima dane samo najosnovnije obavijesti. Članak predstavlja informacije o rođenju, djetinjstvu, školovanju, obiteljskoj situaciji te vojnoj i političkoj karijeri, koja uključuje poslove ugarskoga kraljevskog konjušara (1628. – 1664.), nasljednog kapetana Legrada i čitavog Međimurja (1640. – 1664.), carskog komornika (1637. – 1664.), hrvatsko-slavonsko-dalmatinskog bana (1647. – 1664.), zaladskog i šimeškog (šomođskog) župana (1646. – 1664.) i tajnog savjetnika (1659. –1664.), ali i pozicioniranje kao vođe otpora bečkom apsolutizmu. Tekst se bavi i izabranim prinosima kulturi, vezama s crkvom i smrti Nikole VII . Zrinskog te pitanjima identiteta. U prilogu se objavljuje 20 izabranih pisama Nikole VII . Zrinskog pisanih između 1642. i 1664. godine. Jedno od tih pisama pisano je hrvatskim jezikom, a 19 pisama prvi je put prevedeno na hrvatski jezik. U prijevodu na hrvatski donosi se i spis o sklapanju saveza između Wesselényija, Nádasdyja i Nikole VII . Zrinskog iz rane jeseni 1663. za koji se ranije smatralo da predstavlja spis o savezu Petra Zrinskog, Wesselényija i Nádasdyja, dio argumentacije Nikole Zrinskog u vezi s prepirkom sa zapovjednikom carske vojske Montecuccolijem oko Novog Zrina iz 1664. i memorandum Nikole Zrinskog caru i kralju Leopoldu iz 1664. godine., Based on historiographic results and sources, the paper presents selected aspects of life and work of Nikola VII Zrinski (Čakovec, 3rd May 1620 – the Otok forest near Kuršanec, 18 November 1664). Included are however only the most essential information regarding his literary achievements and estates. The paper offers information relating to Zrinski’s birth, childhood, education, family situation, as well as military and political career. During his career, he held the positions of: Hungarian royal groom (1628–1664); hereditary captain of Legrad and the entire region of Međimurje (1640–1664); imperial chamberlain (1637–1664); Croatian-Slavonian-Dalmatian ban (1647–1664); district prefect of Szalad and Somogy (1646–1664); and privy councillor (1659–1664); as well as leader of resistance against the Viennese absolutism. The text further tackles selected tributes to culture; links with the church; and the death of Nikola VII Zrinski; as well as identity issues. Enclosed are 20 selected letters by Nikola VII Zrinski, written between 1642 and 1664. Zrinski wrote one of these letters in the Croatian language, whilst 19 were for the first time translated into Croatian. The record of the conclusion of alliance of Wesselényi, Nádasdy and Nikola VII Zrinski, dated early autumn of 1663, which had earlier been considered the record of the alliance of Petar Zrinski, Wesselényi and Nádasdy; a part of Nikola Zrinski’s argumentation relating to his quarrel with Montecuccoli, commander of the imperial army, with regard to Novi Zrin of 1664; and Nikola Zrinski’s memorandum to the Emperor and King Leopold of 1664 were translated into Croatian as well.

Rad se bavi ekološkom problematikom i ekološkim pokretom na području Socijalističke Republike Hrvatske, i dijelom cijele Jugoslavije, u periodu od 1979. do 1990. godine. Analizom arhivske građe, periodike i dostupne literature nastoji prikazati ekološke probleme, društvena kretanja i ustvrditi razloge pojave ekološkog pokreta na području Hrvatske. Osim toga, u radu se iznosi kronologija ekološke misli u Hrvatskoj u navedenom periodu, koji je ključan u etabliranju ekologije u kontekstu razvoja civilnoga društva i pojave „novih društvenih pokreta“. U radu se iznose brojni zaključci koji stvaraju sliku „odozgo“ i „odozdo“, šaljući tako čitatelju antropološku sliku o percepciji ekološke problematike iz očišta pojedinaca i običnih ljudi, te države i njenih institucija u analiziranom periodu. The paper deals with environmental issues and the environmental movement in the territory of the Socialist Republic of Croatia, and part of the whole of Yugoslavia, in the period from 1979. to 1990. By analyzing archival material, periodicals and available literature, it seeks to present environmental problems, social trends and the reasons for the emergence of the environmental movement in Croatia. In addition, the paper presents the chronology of ecological thoughts in Croatia in this period, which is crucial in establishing ecology in the context of the development of civil society and the emergence of "new social movements". The paper presents numerous conclusions that create an image „from above“ and „from below“, thus sending a complete anthropological picture of the perception of environmental problems from the eyes of individuals and ordinary people and the state and its institutions in the analyzed period.

Ekologija je znanost o međuovisnostima i međusobnim utjecajima živih organizama i njihovog neživog okoliša.Geoekologija je primijenjena znanost o krajobrazu čiji je cilj njegovo istraživanje i određivanje ekološki optimalne organizacije korištenja i zaštite. Zbog sve češćih rasprava o globalnom zatopljenju i klimatskim promjenama, ekologija i geoekologija postaju široki pojmovi koji je isprepliću sa svakodnevicom kako bi se potaknulo rješavanje problema ugroženosti okoliša. Tema ovog rada je upravo geoekološka analiza Podravine. Cilj rada je ukazati na probleme onečišćenja odabranih pokazatelja okoliša te kako se to onečišćenje odražava na prirodu, okoliš i stanovništvo. U radu se analiziraju pokazatelji poput zraka, vode, biološke raznolikosti i krajobrazne raznolikosti. Pomoću analiza stanja tih pokazatelja, utvrđuje se postoji li onečišćenje okoliša i na kojem prostornom obuhvatu. Također, u radu se razmatraju mogućnosti zaštite prirode i okoliša. Pri izradi rada korišteni su sekundarni izvori i statistički podaci. Tema rada je aktualna zbog iskorištavanja postojećih eksploatacijskih polja i velikog odlagališta otpada, koji predstavljaju očiti problem lokalnom stanovništvu zbog onečišćenja zraka, vode te smanjenja biološke raznolikosti Ecology is the science of the interdependencies and interactions of living organisms and their inanimate environment. Also, geoecology is an applied science of landscape whose goal is its research and determination of ecologically optimal organization of use and protection. Due to the increasing debates about global warming and climate change, ecology and geoecology are becoming broad concepts that intertwine with everyday life to encourage addressing the problem of environmental vulnerability. The topic of this paper is the geoecological analysis of Podravina. The aim of this paper is to point out the problems of pollution of selected environmental indicators and how pollution affects nature, the environment and the population. The paper analyzes indicators such as air, water, biodiversity and landscape diversity. With the help of analyzes of the state of these indicators, it is determined whether there is environmental pollution and on which spatial coverage. Also, the paper discusses the possibilities of nature and environmental protection. Secondary sources and statistical data were used in the preparation of the paper. The topic of the paper is topical due to the use of existing exploitation fields and large landfills, which are an obvious problem for the local population due to air pollution, water and biodiversity loss

Ekonomski rast nije potpuno moderna i suvremena ekonomska pojava, već se on pojavljuje kroz nekoliko stoljeća i on je sinonim za rast svake države te predstavlja sveukupan kvantitativni odraz proizvodnih kapaciteta neke zemlje i rast njezine proizvodnje praćen kroz vrijeme. Predmet istraživanja ovog završnog rada jest utjecaj ekologije na ekonomski rast i razvoj društva, odnosno ispitati kakav je to utjecaj te kako se isti implicira na održivost ekonomskog rasta i razvoja društva. Cilj istraživanja u radu je prikazati pojam, značaj i primjenu ekonomskog rasta, ekologiju i klimatske promjene u kontekstu ekonomskog rasta te utjecaj ekologije na ekonomski rast i razvoj društva. Svrha završnog rada je spoznati važnost utjecaja ekologije na održivost ekonomskog rasta i razvoja društva te ispitati kakvi su njegovi utjecaji na iste. Economic growth is not a completely modern economic phenomenon, but has emerged over several centuries, and it is a synonymous with the growth of each country, which represents the total quantitative removal of production numbers of countries and the growth of its production over time. The subject of the research of this final paper is the influence of ecology on the economic growth and development of society, where it is possible to examine how it will affect the sustainability of economic growth and development of society. The aim of the research in this paper is to present the concept, significance and application of economic growth, ecology and climate change in the context of economic growth and the impact of ecology on economic growth and development of society. The purpose of the final paper was to achieve the importance of the impact of ecology on the sustainability of economic growth and development of society and to examine its impact on them.

Tema ovog završnog rada je ekološka logistika. U radu će biti prikazani i objašnjeni svi segmenti ekologije, zaštite okoliša, zaštite prirode te održivog razvoja. Također, bit će prikazana uloga logistike u ekološkom sustavu te njeno najbolje usavršavanje. U današnje doba, zanemarili smo ekologiju i cijelu prirodu koja nas okružuje te vlastitim nemarom ugrožavamo naše, ali i buduće čovječanstvo. Kroz ovaj rad pokušat ću prikazat važnost ekologije kao i samog okoliša za naš daljnji opstanak, te kako se to kroz „zelenu“ logistiku može poboljšati. The theme of this final work is ecological logistics. All segments of ecology, environmental protection, nature conservation and sustainable development will be presented and explained in the paper. Also, the role of logistics in the ecosystem and its best training will be presented. Nowadays, we have neglected ecology and the whole nature surrounding us, and with our own neglect, we endanger ours, but also our future humanity. Through this paper I will try to show the importance of ecology and the environment itself for our further survival, and how it can be improved through "green" logistics.

Medijska pismenost obuhvaća znanje o medijima, ali i recepciju i produkciju medijske poruke. U suvremenom se odgojno-obrazovnom kontekstu, koji podrazumijeva stalnu izloženost djece medijskim sadržajima, pretpostavlja da odgojno-obrazovni programi sadržajno odgovaraju potrebama učenika – primatelja medijskih sadržaja. U radu smo istražili koji su sadržaji predviđeni Nastavnim planom i programom za osnovnu školu (MZOŠ, 2006) i prijedlogom Nacionalnog kurikuluma za Hrvatski jezik (CKR, 2017) te ispitali mišljenje ravnatelja, kao organizatora nastavnoga procesa, o tome koji su učitelji zaduženi za medijsko opismenjavanje u osnovnoj školi. Nadalje u radu problematiziramo inicijalnu osposobljenost nastavnika za nastavu medijske kulture, stavljamo u suodnos pojmove medijska kultura i medijska pismenost te problematiziramo poistovjećivanje uporabe medijskih alata s medijskom pismenošću. Istraživanje je povedeno s pomoću upitnika kojim smo ispitali nositelje medijskoga odgoja i obrazovanja te najčešće zadužene osobe za medijsko opismenjavanje djece u osnovnoj školi. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da je 42,19 % ravnatelja (N = 192) nezadovoljno programom medijske kulture u osnovnoj školi, 87,31 % (N = 197) ravnatelja misli da bi djecu trebali medijski odgajati učitelji i odgojitelji uz roditelje te da su u školi najčešće za medijsko opismenjavanje zaduženi učitelji hrvatskoga jezika (55,1 %; N = 187)., Media literacy includes knowledge about the media, but also the reception and production of media messages. In the modern educational context, which implies constant exposure of children to media content, it is assumed that the content of educational programmes corresponds to the needs of pupils – recipients of media content. In the paper, we investigated what contents are foreseen in the Primary School Curriculum (MZOS, 2006) and the proposal of the National Curriculum for the Croatian Language (CKR, 2017) and examined the opinions of principals, as the organiser of the teaching process, about which teachers oversee media literacy in primary school. Furthermore, in the paper, we problematize the initial education of teachers for teaching media culture, place into relation the terms media culture and media literacy, and problematize the identification of the use of media tools with media literacy. The research was carried out with the help of a questionnaire, with which we examined media education and education providers and the individuals most often responsible for media literacy of children in primary school. The results of the research show that 42.19% of principals (N = 192) are dissatisfied with the media culture programme in elementary school, 87.31% (N = 197) of the principals believe that children should be brought up with the media by teachers and educators along with parents; in school, responsible for media literacy are most often Croatian language teachers (55.1%; N = 187).

Rad uz uvod i nekoliko zaključnih misli ima dva poglavlja. U prvom poglavlju pod naslovom Ukratko o nastanku i radu Ekumenskog vijeća crkava u nekoliko poteza donosimo nastanak ovog važnog Vijeća na globalnoj razini te donosimo i popis svih deset svjetskih konferencija koje su održavane od 1948. do 2013. godine. Drugo poglavlje rada ima naslov Tematika odnosa prema stvorenome na svjetskim konferencijama Ekumenskog vijeća crkava. U njemu se govori o glavnim ekološkim temama, naglascima, poticajima i upozorenjima na pojedinim svjetskim konferencijama Ekumenskog vijeća crkava. Svjetska ekumenska asembleja u Seulu 1990. godine dala je odlučujući poticaj za bavljenje ekološkom tematikom, a prvi put Ekumensko vijeće crkava izravno o stvorenom svijetu i ekologiji govori na Sedmoj svjetskoj skupštini u Canberri 1991. godine. Naravno, i Osma svjetska skupština u Harareu 1998. godine, Deveta u Porto Alegreu 2006. te, naposljetku, Deseta svjetska skupština u Busanu 2013. godine bave se u jednom dijelu više ili manje istom tematikom. Pri kraju rada donijeli smo i Izjavu o klimatskoj pravdi Izvršnog odbora Ekumenskog vijeća crkava iz 2016. godine., The work with an introduction and concluding thoughts has two chapters. In the first chapter titled “Briefly about the Creation and Work of the Church's Ecumenical Council”, we describe the beginning and development of this important ecumenical council on a global scale, and we also produce a list of all ten world conferences held from 1948 to 2013. The second chapter of the paper has the title “Themes of Relationships Created at World Conferences of the Ecumenical Council of Churches”. It speaks of the main ecological topics, accents, incentives and warnings at some of the world's conferences of the Church's Ecumenical Council. The World Ecumenical Assembly in Seoul in 1990 was a decisive incentive for ecological issues, and for the first time the Ecumenical Council of Churches directly talks about the created world and ecology at the 7th World Assembly in Canberra in 1991. Of course, the Eighth World Assembly in Harare in 1998, the ninth in Porto Alegre in 2006, and finally, the tenth World Assembly in Busan, in 2013, deal with more or less the same theme. At the end of the paper, we also issued the Climate Justice Declaration of the Executive Board of the Church's Ecumenical Council of 2016 and a short list of the chosen bibliography of the created in the edition of the same council.

U ovome radu istražit ću životni put hrvatskoga glumca, redatelja i kazališnoga djelatnika na temelju dosad objavljene literature, nove arhivske građe i članaka iz novina i časopisa. Njegov život prikazat ću od rođenja u Gospiću, preseljenja u ostale gradove zbog prirode očeva posla do dolaska u Zagreb. Namjera mi je opisati Bachovo školovanje u Hrvatskoj dramatskoj školi te njegovo usavršavanje u Beču i Pragu. Ukratko ću ga prikazati kao ravnatelja kazališne administracije od 1920. do umirovljenja 1924. godine, potom kao profesora Glumačke škole 1925. godine te ponovno kao ravnatelja kazališne administracije 1926. godine. Posebno želim istaknuti i njegovo ponovno ravnateljevanje Dramom 1931. – 1934. godine, kada dužnost napušta zbog bolesti. Na temelju kazališnih kritika predstavit ću njegov glumački rad u razdoblju 1897. – 1902. godine. Želim valorizirati njegov otklon od Miletićeva redateljstva. Nastojat ću pokazati utjecaj moderne na njegovo stvaralaštvo, ali i njegov neobuzdani temperament. U zadnjem poglavlju ovoga rada cjelovito ću prikazati njegov sukob s Miroslavom Krležom. Namjera mi je prikazati sukob u umjetničkopovijesnom te društvenom i političkom segmentu., Based on the previously published literature, recent archive sources and articles from newspaper and magazines this paper presents research outcomes of life path of Croatian actor, director, commissary and theatre worker. His life is presented starting with his birth in Gospić, followed by his moving to other towns due to his father’s work until his arrival to Zagreb. The paper describes Bach’s education in Miletić’s school and his professional education in Vienna and Prague. He is depicted as principal of theatre administration starting in 1920 until his retirement in 1924, after which he was subsequently reactivated as professor of acting school (1925) and in 1926 he once again assumed the position of principal of theatre administration. Special emphasis is placed on his presiding over Drama department from 1931 to 1934, when he leaves that duty because of his medical condition. Theatre reviews provided an insight into his work as theatre actor in the period from 1903 to 1920, whereas the research aimed at establishing to which extent he was merely an epigone of Stjepan Miletić and whether he managed to be creative on his own. The paper also displays the influence of Croatian modern literature on his work, as well as the influence of his unrestrained temperament. The last chapter of this paper to the full extent displays his conflict with Miroslav Krleža. The conflict is described in several segments covering its artistic, historical, purely physical and political aspects.

Predmet ovog rada jest ukazati na važnost sakupljanja, zbrinjavanja i smanjivanja papirnatog, plastičnog, baterijskog i bio-otpada u vrtićkom okruženju te potaknuti svijest o zaštiti okoliša odgojiteljima, roditeljima, djeci. U radu je kratki pregled literature o ekologiji općenito, zaštiti okoliša i prirode, ekološkom odgoju u dječjim vrtićima, eko školama, o tome što je zapravo eko patrola i kako se provodi u dječjem vrtiću Križevci, zašto reciklirati otpad, a osobito su istaknute eko radionice dječjeg vrtića Križevci. The subject of this paper is to poin to the importance of collecting, managing and reducing paper, plastic, battery and bio-waste in a kindergarten environment and stimulating awareness of environmental protection for educators, parents, children. This paper presents a brief overview of ecology literature in general, environmental and nature conservation, ecological education in kindergartens, eco schools, eco patrol and how it is implemented in Kindergarten Križevci, why recycle waste, and are particular the prominent eco workshops in the kindergarten Križevci.

Neprekidnom razvitku čovječanstva gotovo da se i ne vidi kraj. Posljedice toga su i sve veće uništavanje i zagađivanje prirode kao i potrošnja neobnovljivih izvora energije. Ponude rješavanja ovog problema su zapravo vrlo jednostavne: ili trebamo promijeniti današnji način razvoja ili nam preostaje da se prilagodimo. S obzirom da se radi o veoma sadržajnoj temi,u ovom završnom radu proći će se kroz najbitnije dijelove navedene tematike kako bi se dobila cjelokupna slika ove vrlo važne teme za današnje društvo te budućnost cijelokupnog čovječanstva. Cilj ovog završnog rada je analiziranje povezanosti pomorskog turizma i ekologije te razvoj istih kroz povijest. Zaključak ovog rada je ekološki turizam kao vrsta zaštite prirodnih bogatstava koji uz svoje pozitivne ima i negativne strane. Kako ne bi došlo do devastacije prirode, potrebno je odrediti posebne mjere zaštite o kojima se govori kroz cijeli ovaj rad. The continual development of humankind does not see an end. Consequences of this development are also increasing the destruction and pollution of nature, as well as consumption of non-renewable energy sources. Solutions to solving this problem are actually very simple: either we need to change the current mode ofdevelopment oe we need to adjust to it. Given that this is very contentious topic, this paper will go through the most important parts of the aforementioned topic in order to gain an overall picture of this very important topic for society and future of all humanity. The aim of this final work is to analyze the relationship between maritime tourism and ecology and its development through history. The conclusion of this paper is ecological tourism as a kind of protection of natural resources which, in addition to its positive, has its negative aspects. In order to avoid the devastation of nature, it is necessary to lay down special protection measures which are spoken about throughout this work.

U radu se raščlanjuju dvije prisege i naputak, pravni izvori koji su uređivali djelovanje mletačkog kneza na čelu srednjovjekovnog Dubrovnika. Posebno se detaljno analizira i u prilogu objavljuje dosada u hrvatskoj historiografiji neobrađivani tekst kneževe prisege duždu, koji vrvi obavijestima o mletačkoj upravi nad Dubrovnikom u 13. i prvoj polovici 14. stoljeća. Utvrđuju se veze između spomenutih vrela i njihovo značenje za dubrovački pravni poredak te ispituje njihova povezanost s tada popularnom literaturom o odlikama „dobre vlade”., The paper analyses two oaths and an instruction, legal documents on which the authority of Venetian rector ruling mediaeval Dubrovnik rested. The text of rector’s oath to the doge, so far not tackled in Croatian historiography, has been analysed in detail and published. The text is a rich source of information on Venetian rule in Dubrovnik in the 13th century and the first half of the 14th century. The paper tackles links among the subject documents, and their importance for the legal system in Dubrovnik. It further questions their connection to the then popular literature on good government.

Drava, kao jedna od najvećih hrvatskih rijeka, u prošlosti je za život stanovništva imala važnu ulogu. Jedna od životnih funkcija koja se odvijala na Dravi bio je promet. Upravo je Drava bila žila kucavica koja je spajala stanovništvo u cijelom porječju. Važna sastavnica te prometne funkcije bilo je šajkaštvo i splavarstvo. U članku se uvodno razrađuju uvjeti za promet na Dravi, a potom povijest splavarstva (i šajkaštva) od antičkog razdoblja do polovice 20. stoljeća. Posebna pozornost poklonjena je razvoju splavarstva (fljojsarstva) na Dravi od kraja 18. do polovice 20. stoljeća, s temeljnom razradbom toga prometa na emitivnim pristaništima u Sloveniji (od Dravograda do Dupleka) te poslovno-distributivnim pristaništima od Maribora do Đerdapa. Razrađeno je detaljno djelovanje poslovne tvrtke Ujlaki-Hirschler i sin u Donjoj Dubravi, koja je bila središte fljojsarstva na Dravi u 19. i 20. stoljeću. Dana je razradba izgradnje i značajki splavi i šajki te načina rada i života splavara., Drava, one of Croatia’s greatest rivers, played a major role for the life of the population in the past. One of the major life functions of the river Drava was the traffic. It was this river that represented the jugular vein connecting the population living alongside the whole basin. One of the most important components of the traffic function was log floating. In the introductory part, the paper tackles the conditions for traffic on the river Drava; following, the history of log floating from the Antiquity to the mid-20th century is presented. Special attention has been paid to the development of log floating on Drava in the period from the end of the 18th century to the mid-20th century, and thorough analysis of the traffic in Slovenian ports from Dravograd to Duplek, and business-distribution ports from Maribor to Đerdap, has been conducted. The paper offers a detailed analysis of the operation of the company Ujlaki-Hirschler i sin in Donja Dubrava, which was the centre of log floating on Drava in the 19th and the 20th centuries. A study has been made of log building and the features thereof, as well as of the life and work of log floaters.

Perennials are plant species that live for two or more years. They are the most diverse group of ornamental plants that shows a wide range of forms, colors, forms, textures and scents. They need hardly any care throughout their long growing season. Some of them can be grown in wetland conditions, while most of them require adequately ameliorated humus rich garden soil. Most these plants can be used both for vegetative and generative reproduction. Perennials are used in landscaping in the following ways: as individual plants (solitaires), in groups, as ground cover, in rock gardens and for creating hedges, to name a few. The following perennials are most frequently grown in the Mediterranean: Hedera helix, Cyclamen hederifolium, Sempervivum tectorum, Hydrangea sp., Primula vulgaris, Salvia officinalis, Dianthus barbatus, Chrysanthemum indicum, Lavandula angustifolia and Helichrysum italicum, whose characteristics have been presented in this paper. The findings of the survey research conducted in the Knin area and its outskirts provided the primary sources of information in this paper. The objective of the survey research was to determine the common knowledge about specific ornamental perennials (their use in landscaping, ornamental characteristics of the species, maintenance regimes and impact of individual species on human mood). The survey research was conducted in April 2017 on a sample of 50 respondents. The research findings showed as follows: the respondents evaluated the use of perennials in landscaping and their ornamental characteristics with very good grades. Maintenance regimes were assessed most frequently as easy maintenance, whereas the impact of perennials on human mood was evaluated with high very good grades.

Predmet ovog rada jest ukazati na dobrobit i važnost dramske i glazbene umjetnosti s temom ekološkog odgoja u dječjim vrtićima te potaknuti odgojitelje na podizanje dječje eko svijesti kroz priredbe s ekološkom tematikom kao jednostavan, djeci zanimljiv, koristan i poučan način. Pretražujući literaturu možemo primjetiti kako je, na žalost, jako malo stručnih i znanstvenih radova o dječjim priredbama. Također, bilo bi dobro da dječjih igrokaza s ekološkom tematikom, kao i igrokaza općenito ima više. U radu je kratki pregled literature o ekologiji općenito, ekološkom odgoju u dječjim vrtićima te o dječjim priredbama, a u drugom dijelu rada prikaz vlastitog iskustva sudjelovanja u organizaciji (uvježbavanju i izradi kostima) i provedbi dječjeg igrokaza s ekološkom tematikom te prijedlozi još nekih varijacija izvedbi istih. The subject of this paper is to point to the benefits and importance of dramatic and musical art with the theme of ecological education in kindergartens and to encourage educators to raise eco-consciousness through ecological events as a simple, interesting, useful and educational way for children. Looking at the literature, we can notice how unfortunately there are very few professional and scientific papers on children's shows and performances. In addition, it would be good to have more of children's plays with ecological theme as well as game plays in general. The paper presents a brief overview of ecology literature in general, ecological education in kindergartens and children's shows, and the second part of the paper presents my own experience of participating in organization (training and making costumes) and implementation of children's play with ecological theme and suggestions of some variations.

Jest da se u određenim muzejima poput Prirodoslovnih muzeja širom svijeta već stoljećima može vidjeti bioraznolikost i raskoš prepariranih životinja. Neki muzeji su se odlučili otići u novom smjeru, te su svoja vrata i prostore otvorili živućim životinjama koje će posjetiteljima priuštiti dodatno iskustvo u razgledavanju izložaba ili će muzejskom osoblju biti od pomoći. Uz izlaganje živućih životinja u svojim privremenim ili stalnim postavima muzeja, neki od muzeja i srodnih institucija su se pak odlučili iskoristiti sposobnosti životinja u očuvanju muzejskih izložaka, te su njihovi posebni „zaposlenici“ tako postali dio muzejskog osoblja i služe kao dodatan oblik očuvanja i konzervacije predmeta. Sve navedeno kao i potkrijepljeno primjerima pobliže je analizirano u ovom radu. Ovaj diplomski rad napisan je s ciljem povećavanja svijesti o životinjama koji su dio našeg ekosustava, te njihovoj dobrobiti za ljude u raznim aspektima. Posebna pažnja je posvećena živućim životinjama koje u muzeju stalno obitavaju, kao i povremenim posjetima kućnih ljubimaca, kojima je donedavno pristup bio u potpunosti zabranjen. Potrebe posjetitelja se s vremenom mijenjaju, a muzej je taj koji treba osluškivati njihove potrebe, te u skladu s time prigrliti nove pristupe. Ponajviše radi ljudi čija se svijest lagano mijenja, te sve više teže povezivanju s prirodom, ali i digitalizacije i moderne tehnologije zbog kojih posjet muzeju ponekad nije niti potreban. Given that in certain museums, such as Natural history museums around the world, biodiversity and stuffed animals can be seen for centuries, some museums decided to go in a new and different direction and have opened their doors and spaces to living animals. Temporary or permanently residing in the museum, they offer visitors a different experience in viewing exhibitions or are helpful to the museum staff. In addition to displaying live animals in their temporary or permanent museum settings, some museums and related institutions have decided to use the abilities of animals in the preservation of museum exhibits. In contrast their special "employees" have become part of the museum staff, thus they serve as an additional form of preservation and conservation of museum objects. Everything mentioned, as well as supported by examples, is analyzed in more detail in this paper. This graduation thesis was written to increase awareness of animals that are part of our ecosystem and their welfare for people in various aspects. Special attention is given to living animals that live in the museum daily or are temporarily shown as part of an exhibition. As well as to temporary visits by pets, which until recently, access was utterly prohibited. The needs of visitors change over time, so the museum is the one that should listen to their needs and accordingly embrace new approaches; due to digitization and more modern technology, a visit to the museum is sometimes not even necessary, but also because of a change in the consciousness of people who strive to connect with nature.

U diplomskom radu pod nazivom „Tehnologija proizvodnje i primjene višeslojnih antistatičkih i antikorozivnih folija od polietilena“ govori se prvenstveno o novim tehnologijama i zaštiti više vrsta metala višeslojnim antistatičkim i antikorozivnim folijama koje se sadrže hlapljive inhibitore korozije. Tvrtka prvenstveno razvija ekološki efikasnu proizvodnju biorazgradivih materijala kao inovativnu i tehnološki suvremenu, održivu alternativu petrokemijskim plastičnim materijalima i tako izgrađuje temelje za osiguravanje široke primjene biorazgradivih materijala na tržištu. U radu je prikazana tehnologija i način proizvodnje folija novoga stoljeća koje su ekološki prihvatljive što znači da se mogu reciklirati. U okviru tvrtke, u laboratorijskom odjelu, provodi se niz testova prije same proizvodnje i izlaska gotovoga proizvoda, kao što su, Razor Blade test, test cijepanja, test na probijanje i ispitivanje na kidanje. Testovi se prvenstveno odnose na ispitivanje metala u zaštiti od korozije, te tehničke i fizikalne karakteristike folija. Započeta je proizvodnja 100% biorazgradivih folija koje su se proizvodile od prirodnih sirovina, poput kukuruza, šećerne trske, soje i drugih, no u konačnici tržište takve folije nije prihvatilo s obzirom na visoku cijenu takvih folija. Trenutno se kao primarna sirovina koristi polietilen. U konačnici se ovakve folije koriste u elektrotehnici kao zaštita elektrotehničkih i računalnih komponenata te, s druge strane, kao široka potrošnja u industriji, ali i graditeljstvu. U radu su prikazane antistatičke i antikorozivne folije koje su izrađene tehnologijom VpCI, primjeri njihove primjene, te tehničke i fizikalne karakteristike. In this paper named "Technology of production and usage of multilayer antistatic and anticorrosion film of polyethylene" we primarily discuss about new technologies and protection more types of metal multilayer antistatic and anticorrosion films which contain volatile corrosion inhibitors. Corporation chiefly develops ecologically effective production of biodegradable materials as an innovative and technologically modern, sustainable alternative to petrochemical plastic materials, and is thus building the foundation for ensuring the widespread usage of biodegradable materials on market. The paper offers a detailed view of technology and methods of production of modern films that are environmentally friendly, which means that they can be recycled. The company’s Laboratory Department conducted a series of tests prior to the production and release of the final product, such as Razor Blade test, splitting test, penetration test and tear strength test. The tests are primarily related to the testing of metal corrosion protection and technical and physical characteristics of the film. They started the production of 100% biodegradable films obtained from natural raw materials such as corn, sugar cane, soy etc. Nevertheless, they were ultimately rejected by the market due to the final price of such films. Currently, polyethylene is used as raw material. In the end, this kind of film is being used not only in electrical engineering for protection of electronic and computer components, but also as consumer goods in industry and construction. The paper presents antistatic and anticorrosion films made with VpCI technology, examples of their usage, their technical and physical characteristics.

Neprofitne organizacije za zaštitu u posljednjih nekoliko godina stječu sve veću popularnost na domaćem ali i svjetskom tržištu zbog brige o održivosti. Marketing takvih organizacija ključan je za njihov uspješan rad i razvoj. Ovim se radom daje direktna usporedba između marketinga jedne globalne organizacije - World Wild Fund for Nature, te dvije hrvatske udruge - Zelena Akcija i Udruga Sunce. Usporedbom tih organizacija utvrđuju se pozitivne i negativne prakse u marketingu, te se pokušava dati osvrt na ključne razlike između marketinga svjetskih i nacionalnih organizacija. In the last few years, non-profit organizations for environmental protection have been gaining more and more popularity on the domestic and global market due to concerns about sustainability. Marketing of such organizations is crucial for their successful operation and development. This paper provides a direct comparison between the marketing of one global organization - World Wild Fund for Nature, and two Croatian associations - Zelena Akcija and Udruga Sunce. By comparing these organizations, positive and negative practices in marketing are determined, and an attempt is made to review the key differences between the marketing of global and national organizations.

U ovom radu predstavljene su teme cjeloživotnog učenja i održivog razvoja te dovedene u korelaciju. Cjeloživotno je učenje koncept koji još nije zaživio „punim plućima“ u Hrvatskoj i nužno ga je širiti i poticati. U radu je izložen koncept održivog razvoja koji je ključna karika blagostanja svakog društva. Nezaobilazan pojam u konceptu cjeloživotnog učenja jest održivi razvoj ključan za održavanje života na Zemlji još tisućama godina. U 21. stoljeću ljudi su nastavili nemilosrdno iskorištavati Zemlju te štetiti njezinoj prirodnoj koheziji i skladu. Održivi je razvoj koncept koji svi moramo usvojiti te sustavno primjenjivati ako želimo osigurati sljedećim generacijama normalan život, odnosno dovoljno prirodnih resursa i zdravo okruženje. Potrebno je cijeli život učiti o procesima interakcije u svijetu poznate kao „učinak leptira “ i „domino efekt “. Niti jedan ljudski postupak nije neutralan nego izravno ili neizravno utječe na cijelu Zemlju. Ljudi trebaju imati u vidu posljedice svoga djelovanja iako su one naoko minorne i beznačajne., This paper presents the topics of lifelong learning and sustainable development, and these two terms are brought into correlation. Lifelong learning is a concept that has not lived up "to the fullest" in Croatia and it should be expanded and encouraged. The paper presents the concept of sustainable development which is a key link of prosperity in any society. A term that is unavoidable in the concept of lifelong learning is sustainable development essential to sustaining life on Earth for thousands of years. In the 21 century, people have continued to exploit ruthlessly the Earth and to harm its natural cohesion and harmony. Sustainable development is a concept that we all must learn to apply systematically if we want to ensure a normal life to the next generations, which means providing enough natural resources and a healthy environment. Lifelong learning about the processes of interaction that is known in the world as the "butterfly effect"1 and the "domino effect"2 is of utmost necessity. No human action is neutral, but directly or indirectly affects the entire Earth. People should bear in mind the consequences of their actions even though they are seemingly minor and insignificant., L'articolo presenta i temi legati alla formazione permanente e allo sviluppo sostenibile e i due concetti appena citati vengono correlati.La formazione permanente è un concetto ancora lontano dall'attecchire appieno in Croazia e andrebbe sostenuto e promosso di più. Il presente lavoro espone il concetto dello sviluppo sostenibile che rappresenta l'elemento fondamentale nel benessere di ogni società. È proprio il concetto dello sviluppo sostenibile un concetto inevitabile quando si parla della formazione permanente se si desidera mantenere la vita sulla terra nei prossimi millenni. Nel ventunesimo secolo l'uomo ha continuato a sfruttare senza pietà il proprio pianeta danneggiandone ulteriormente la naturale coesione e l'armonia. Lo sviluppo sostenibile è un concetto che tutti dovremmo fare proprio nonché applicarlo se si vuole assicurare alle future generazioni una vita normale, ovvero una vita con sufficienti risorse naturali e un ambiente sano, indispensabile per la vita. C'è bisogno di formarsi per tutta la vita circa i processi che regolano il mondo meglio noti come „butterfly effect “ e „domino effect “. Nessuna azione umana è neutrale, ognuna, direttamente o indirettamente, influisce sulla Terra nel suo insieme. L'uomo deve tenere presenti le conseguenze delle proprie azioni anche se apparentemente trascurabili o insignifricanti.

Neki ekološki orijentirani znanstvenici smatraju da smo prešli “točku nepovrata”, tj. stupanj na kojemu više ne možemo spriječiti ekološko propadanje. Usporiti ga možemo, ali zaustaviti ne možemo; daljnji razvitak vodi samo u propast. S obzirom na svoj odnos prema globalnom onečišćenju, ljudi se, prema McCluneyju, mogu podijeliti u tri skupine: fatalisti, koji vjeruju da je ekološka smrt naša posljednja postaja u tramvaju razvitka; tehnološki optimisti, koji tvrde da je ekološka kriza zacijelo pospješila razvitak tehnike i otkrila nam mnoge nove tehnologije, a tehnologija će nam riješiti sve probleme; holisti upozoravaju na krhkost ekološke ravnoteže na Zemlji: ispad samo jedne karike lako izazove lanac neugodnih promjena, pa moramo čuvati cjelokupan okoliš. Autor dodaje i skeptike: one koji sumnjaju da globalno zagrijavanje i njegove posljedice izaziva čovjek svojim djelovanjem, pa uzroke traže u različitim prirodnim događanjima (Sunčeve pjege, svemirske zrake, pomak Zemljine osi, biokemijski ciklusi prirodnih zbivanja itd.). U nastavku teksta autor pokušava pronaći odgovor na pitanje zašto čovjek sâm sebe uništava, zašto u ekologiji otkazuju uobičajeni ljudski samozaštitni mehanizmi te kako to mijenjati — počevši od obiteljske i školske razine., Some environmentally-oriented scientists believe that we have passed the “point of no-return”, that is, the point beyond which environmental degradation may no longer be halted. It may be slowed down but not stopped: further development leads only to complete destruction. In relation to their attitude towards global pollution, people may, according to McCluney, be divided into three groups: the fatalists, who believe that environmental death is our last stop on the train of development; the technological optimists, who claim that the environmental crisis must have stimulated the development of technology and unveiled many new technologies, and technology is the solution for all problems; the holists, who warn that environmental balance on the Earth is fragile: a single missing link may easily cause a sequence of unpleasant changes, which is why it is necessary to preserve the environment in general. The author of the current paper also adds the sceptics: those who question the belief that global warming and its consequences have been caused by human activity, and therefore look for the causes in various events in nature (sunspots, radiation from the universe, the shifting of the Earth’s axis, biochemical cycles of natural events, etc.). In the remaining part of the paper, the author attempts to find the answer to the question why humankind is destroying itself, why the usual self-preservation instincts do not apply to the environment, and how to change this situation ‡ starting from families and schools.

Rad prikazuje stavove i ocjene studenata kao mlade populacije u gradu Karlovcu i njegovoj okolici u vezi onečišćenja životnog okoliša. Karlovačka županija ima dosta neriješenih ekoloških problema. Ti problemi su važni za studente karlovačkog veleučilišta kao buduće akademske građane koji će trebati rješavati ekološke probleme. U radu su istraživane ocjene studenata karlovačkog veleučilišta o životnom okolišu grada Karlovca. Putem ankete istraživala su se njihova mišljenja u vezi uzroka, posljedica, odgovornosti i načina rješavanja navedene problematike. Pomoću skale ocjena 1-5 rangirani su određeni ekološki problemi. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su prioritetna pitanja iz ovog područja koja treba rješavati (stanje će ostati i dalje nepromijenjeno, posljedice na zdravlje ljudi zbog onečišćenja vode i tehničko-tehnoloških čimbenika kao i drugih izvora onečišćenja bit će na visokoj razini, te nedovoljna svijest i educiranost o ovim problemima svih građana i institucija sustava). Zbog toga ovo istraživanje treba biti u funkciji povećavanja i podizanja kvalitete života kao jedan stalni proces ostvarivanja i unapređivanja ljudskih i institucionalnih vrijednosti., SUMMARY: The paper describes opinions and assessments of students – as the younger population of the city of Karlovac and its surroundings – related to the pollution of their living environment. Karlovac County has several unsolved ecological problems. These problems are important for the students of the Polytechnic of Karlovac, as they are future academic citizens whose duty will be to solve ecological problems. The paper explores student assessments regarding Karlovac’s living environment. Their opinions about the causes, consequences, responsibilities and methods of solving the aforementioned problems are investigated by means of a student survey. Particular ecological problems are ranked on a range from 1 to 5. The research findings indicate some priority questions which need to be solved (the conditions will remain unchanged, consequences for human health due to water pollution and technical- technological factors as well as other pollution sources will remain at high level, and insufficient awareness and education about these problems of all citizens and institutions is still present). For this reason this investigation should help increase the overall quality of life, as a continuous process towards achieving and improving human and institutional values.

U radu se dijakronijski i sinkronijski analiziraju povijesne i tehnološke mogućnosti eko-logije i transendentne komunikacije provedbenom multilateralnom metodologijom postignuća suvremene ekološke i komunikološke transcendentne misli. Opća je spoznaja da se svijet nalazi u velikoj globalnoj krizi, a ekologija i tehnologija u novom humanom izazovu koji postaje dominantna odrednica ljudskog promišljanja, ponašanja i djelovanja u suvremenom komunikacijskom i tehnološkom svijetu. Suvremeni život postavlja humanu ekologiju u prvi plan, pozornošću kako se tehnologija razvija u okruženju tehnologije transcendentne komunikacije. Autor u radu ukazuje kako se tehnologija i ekologija ne smije prepustiti stihiji, nego se sve tehnologije moraju humano, komunikacijski i stvaralački primjenjivati, kako bi se maksimalno zadovoljili postojeći tehnološki uvjeti ko-munikativnog okruženja, prostora, kulture, tradicije i edukativne osposobljenosti svih građana., In this paper author is giving diachrony and sinchrony analysis of historical and technological possibilities of ecology and transcendent communication. He is using multilateral methodolodgy of accomplishments of contemporary ecological and communication transcendent thought. It is a general thesis that the world today is in a global crisis and ecology and technology in a new human challenge which is becoming dominant mark of human thinking, behaviour and acting in contemporary communicational and technical world. Modern life is setting human ecology in the first plan. Author is empasising in his paper that ecology and technology shouldn´t be left on their own, but all technologies must be used in human communicational manner with the goal of reaching maximal technological terms of communicational sorroundings, space, culture, tradition and educative skills of all citizens.

U radu je sadržano ozbiljno upozorenje da je jadranski prostor kao najkvalitetniji prirodni i proizvodni prostor zanemaren, izostavljen i zapostavljen u svim razmišljanjima i u izradi tzv. razvojnih i gospodarskih dokumenata, pa i iz onih o pravilnom upravljanju i gospodarenju vodama u RH.U radu je dan osvrt na koncepciju, sustav i praksu zaštite Jadranskoga mora od godine 1991. do danas, a riječ je o niskoj brizi za razinu i izvore ugrožavanja s naslova antropogenih emisija Hrvatske i Europe, pa i svijeta.Isto je tako u radu opisan novi pristup filozofiji ekologije Jadrana. Sadržaj rada pokazuje namjenu drugačijeg razumijevanja zaštite Jadrana, a to se očituje u zalaganju za filozofiju kulture umjesto za filozofiju politike; za geobiosocijalno razumijevanje opstanka i razvijanje života umjesto geopolitičkog razumijevanja opstanka života u jadranskome prostoru (umjesto sankcije – traži se prevencija)., This paper contains serious warning that Adriatic area, as the area with the highest natural and manufacturing quality, has been neglected, left out and set aside in all relevant strategic, developmental and economic documents including the documents relevant to proper guiding and managing of water resources in Croatia.In this paper, comments on the conception, system and praxis of the protection of Adriatic Sea, from 1991. until today, in light of very low concern about the level and sources of endangers from anthropogenic emissions of Croatia and Europe, even of the world, are discussed.New approach to the philosophy of ecology of the Adriatic Sea is presented. The content of the work has the intention of understanding the protection of the Adriatic Sea in a different way, which is refl ected in dedication of the philosophy of culture instead of the philosophy of the politics; of geobiosocial understanding of life existence, instead of geopolitical understanding of life existence in Adriatic area (instead of sanctions – prevention is needed).

Sv. Nikola višestruko je važan lokalitet za poznavanje povijesti Koprivnice, koji se sastoji od tri sakralna objekta i groblja u kontinuiranoj uporabi do 18. stoljeća. U radu je pokazano kako je dio groblja možda započeo već u 11. stoljeću (C14 datum, groblje na redove), što nije moguće dovesti u vezu s gradnjom romaničke crkve, koja je vjerojatnije podignuta oko sredine 12. stoljeća. To je trenutno najstarija poznata crkva u Podravini / Gornjoj Komarnici. Prilično je velikih dimenzija, što posredno pokazuje veću populaciju i gospodarski potencijal zajednice koja ju je izgradila. Isto je vidljivo i krajem 13. stoljeća, kada tu crkvu dobivaju franjevci (pritom se podiže nova župna crkva sv. Nikole na drugoj lokaciji), a koji već početkom 14. stoljeća grade novu crkvu Blažene Djevice Marije (na mjestu današnje crkve sv. Nikole). Gradnjom franjevačke crkve početkom 14. stoljeća odmiče se s orijentacijom i položajem crkve prema istoku, a dijelom se negira i tada postojeće groblje. Ubrzo se osniva samostansko groblje na sjeveru, gdje se podiže i samostansko krilo, a u 16. stoljeću odlaskom franjevaca iz Koprivnice na jugu se razvija novo groblje te se dozvoljavaju pokapanja i u crkvi. U međuvremenu je objekt tijekom nekoliko desetljeća u uporabi protestantske zajednice. Sredinom 17. stoljeća dolazi do obnove župe i gradnje današnje crkve na temeljima srednjovjekovne franjevačke crkve., St. Nicholas is an exceptionally important site in the context of the knowledge of the history of Koprivnica. It consists of three sacral buildings and a cemetery that had been in continuous use until the 18th century. The paper shows that a part of the cemetery may have started been built as early as in the 11th century (C14 date, cemetery in rows), which cannot however be linked to the construction of the Romanesque church that was more likely erected around the mid-12th century. It is currently the oldest known church in the Podravina Region or the mediaeval Upper Komarnica. It is considerably large, which indirectly indicates that the population and economic potential of the community that built it were substantial. The same occurred towards the end of the 13th century, when the Franciscans received this church (a new parish church of St. Nicholas was built on another site); they erected a new church of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the early 14th century (on the site of today’s church of St. Nicholas). The construction of the Franciscan church at the beginning of the 14th century changed the orientation and position of the church towards the east moved away, and partly denied the existing cemetery. Monasterial cemetery and monastery wing were soon erected in the north. In the 16th century, with the departure of the Franciscans from Koprivnica, a new cemetery developed towards the south, and burials in the church became allowed as well. The facility had in the meantime been in use by the Protestant community for several decades. Around the mid-17th century, the parish was revived and the present church built on the foundations of the mediaeval Franciscan church.