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Rad se bavi ekološkom problematikom i ekološkim pokretom na području Socijalističke Republike Hrvatske, i dijelom cijele Jugoslavije, u periodu od 1979. do 1990. godine. Analizom arhivske građe, periodike i dostupne literature nastoji prikazati ekološke probleme, društvena kretanja i ustvrditi razloge pojave ekološkog pokreta na području Hrvatske. Osim toga, u radu se iznosi kronologija ekološke misli u Hrvatskoj u navedenom periodu, koji je ključan u etabliranju ekologije u kontekstu razvoja civilnoga društva i pojave „novih društvenih pokreta“. U radu se iznose brojni zaključci koji stvaraju sliku „odozgo“ i „odozdo“, šaljući tako čitatelju antropološku sliku o percepciji ekološke problematike iz očišta pojedinaca i običnih ljudi, te države i njenih institucija u analiziranom periodu. The paper deals with environmental issues and the environmental movement in the territory of the Socialist Republic of Croatia, and part of the whole of Yugoslavia, in the period from 1979. to 1990. By analyzing archival material, periodicals and available literature, it seeks to present environmental problems, social trends and the reasons for the emergence of the environmental movement in Croatia. In addition, the paper presents the chronology of ecological thoughts in Croatia in this period, which is crucial in establishing ecology in the context of the development of civil society and the emergence of "new social movements". The paper presents numerous conclusions that create an image „from above“ and „from below“, thus sending a complete anthropological picture of the perception of environmental problems from the eyes of individuals and ordinary people and the state and its institutions in the analyzed period.

Trenutni rad bavi se proučavanjem uloge civilnog društva u suzbijanju korupcije u Hrvatskoj. Pomoću dostupne literature te rezultata postojećih istraživanja, prve dvije cjeline ovog rada pokrivaju fenomenologiju korupcije i njenu povezanost s civilnim društvom, građanstvom i medijima. Zadnja cjelina predstavlja istraživači dio rada, koji za cilj ima ispitati i komentirati dosadašnju uspješnost provedbe mjera zamišljenih Strategijom suzbijanja korupcije za razdoblje od 2015. do 2020. godine koje se odnose na jačanje uloge civilnog društva, građana i medija u suzbijanju korupcije. Dio podataka dobiven je sekundarnim istraživanjem, odnosno analizom objavljenih podataka o stupnju provedenosti mjera zamišljenih Strategijom, dok je preostali dio podataka biti dobiven polu-strukturiranim intervjuima s predstavnicima dviju relevantnih civilnih udruga koji su imali ulogu ključnih informanata u istraživanju. Na temelju prikupljenih podataka teorijskog i istraživačkog dijela rada iznesene su manjkavosti institucionalnog okvira borbe protiv korupcije u Hrvatskoj te su ponuđeni konkretni komentari i prijedlozi za poboljšanje budućih napora u okviru djelovanja protiv korupcije. The current paper examines the role of civil society in suppressing corruption in Croatia. Using the available literature and the results of existing scientific research, the first two sections of the paper cover the phenomenology of corruption and its connection with civil society, citizens, and the media. The last part presents the research section of the paper, which aims to examine and comment on the success of the implementation of measures proposed by the Anti-Corruption Strategy for the period from 2015 to 2020 related to strengthening the role of civil society, citizens and media in suppressing corruption. Part of the data was obtained by secondary research, i.e. analysis of published data on the degree of implementation of measures envisaged by the Strategy, while the remaining part of data was obtained by semi-structured interviews with representatives of two relevant civil society organizations, who played a key informant role in the research. Based on the collected data from the theoretical and research part of the paper, the shortcomings of the institutional framework of the fight against corruption in Croatia are presented and concrete comments and suggestions for improving future efforts towards corruption suppression are offered.

U radu se daje prikaz glavnih nalaza istraživanja CIVICUS-ovog Indeksa civilnog društva u Hrvatskoj, koje se provodilo od 2008. do 2010. godine, a koje čini dio međunarodnog, komparativnog istraživačkog projekta. Riječ je o trećem istraživačkom valu, nakon pilot-faze 2001. te iduće faze od 2003. do 2005. godine. Stanje civilnog društva analizira se preko četiri dimenzije: razina organizacija, vrednote, percipirani utjecaj te okolina, koje su sastavni dio »dijamanta civilnog društva« – najpoznatije komponente ovog istraživačkog projekta. Dobiveni rezultati stavljeni su u dinamički kontekst, usporedbom s rezultatima dva ranija istraživačka vala. Time je omogućeno praćenje određenih istraživačkih indikatora i dimenzija civilnog društva u razvojnoj perspektivi. Dimenzija razine organizacija, odnosno infrastrukture civilnog društva, kao i dimenzija okoline u ovom istraživanju dostižu najveće vrijednosti. Dimenzija okoline ujedno pokazuje i najveći rast u promatranom desetogodišnjem razdoblju. Zaključuje se o razvoju civilnog društva, prvenstveno u sljedećim aspektima: sektorskoj suradnji i umrežavanju, novim mogućnostima financiranja, jačanju uloge su-vladara civilnog društva u određenim javnim politikama te značaju organizacija civilnog društva u podmirenju socijalnih potreba u područjima gdje izostaju javne usluge. S druge strane, nestabilno zapošljavanje u organizacijama civilnog društva, često miješanje države u poslove civilnog društva, percepcija raširene korupcije u organizacijama te općenito, niska razina povjerenja u društvu pokazuju se kao trajni razvojni izazovi civilnog društva u Hrvatskoj. Prepoznaju se i višestruki učinci ekonomske krize na civilno društvo, prije svega kroz smanjeno financiranje organizacija i slabljenje ljudskih resursa te pasivizaciju građana, s druge strane., This paper provides some key research findings from the Civicus Civil Society Index Project in Croatia, which was implemented from 2008 to 2010, as a part of an international comparative research project. This was the third wave of the research project, after a pilot in 2001 and the following phase from 2003 to 2005. State of civil society in this paper is analysed in four dimensions: level of organizations, values, perceived impact and environment, which are integral parts of the “Civil Society Diamond” – one of the best known components of this project. The research findings are put in a dynamic context, compared to the previous two research phases, thus enabling tracing of particular indicators and dimensions of civil society in a developmental perspective. Dimensions of level of organizations, that is civil society infrastructure, and that of environment have obtained the greatest score in this research. Moreover, the dimension of environment shows the greatest increase in the observed time period. We can talk about development of civil society in Croatia, especially in the following aspects: sectoral cooperation and networking, new possibilities of financing, the strengthened role of civil society as a co-governor in certain policy fields, the role of civil society organizations in meeting social needs where public services are lacking. On the other hand, unsustainable employment in civil society organizations, undue interference of the State in civil society’s activities, perceived corruption in civil society organizations and generally low levels of trust in society are shown to be permanent challenges for development of civil society in Croatia. The research also recognized multiple effect of the economic crisis on civil society, most notably in the decreased financing of civil society organizations and therefore weakening of human capital in organizations, and on the other hand, by leading to greater passivity of citizens.

Rad je rezultat akcijski orijentiranog empirijskog istraživanja o ulozi, razvoju i postignućima zaklada u Hrvatskoj. Kao podloga empirijskom istraživanju analizirana je raspoloživa sekundarna građa te rezultati ranijih istraživanja o razvoju zaklada u Hrvatskoj. veoma je ograničena. Teorijsko analitički okvir razvoja zakladništva u Hrvatskoj povezan je sa suvremenom tipologijom uloge zaklada i socijalnog modela razvoja zakladništva. Prikaz razvojnih problema i postignuća zaklada u nekim tranzicijskim zemljama dio su ovog rada. Ciljevi istraživanja su dati doprinos boljem razumijevanju okoline za razvoj zaklada u Hrvatskoj, razumjeti ulogu i viziju razvoja zaklada, procijeniti jakosti i slabosti zaklada te potaknuti raspravu o ulozi zaklada u razvoju Hrvatske. Podaci o zakladama prikupljeni su poštanskim anketnim upitnikom i studijom slučajeva. Rezultati istraživanja govore o razvoju o povećanju broja zaklada u Hrvatskoj koje uglavnom imaju komplementarnu ulogu. Zaklade se manjim dijelom javljaju kao inovatori. Rezultati istraživanja upućuju na periferni socijalni model razvoja zakladništva. Među zakladama dominiraju stipendijske te zaklade u području socijalne skrbi. Zaklade imaju problem s namicanjem sredstva kako bi povećale osnovnu imovinu. Uglavnom se vode na volonterskoj osnovi, a država se ne javlja kao partner u razvoju zakladništva. Razvoj zaklada u Hrvatskoj uvelike će ovisiti o gospodarskim napretku i novim srednjim slojevima koji će biti više zauzeti za probleme u društvu., The paper is the result of an action-oriented empirical research about the role, development and achievements of foundations n Croatia. As a background for empirical research, the secondary sources were analysed, as well as the results of previous research studies on the development of foundations in Croatia. The theoretical analytical framework of the development of foundations in Croatia is connected with the contemporary typology of the role of foundations and the social model of the development of foundations. This paper also outlines the developmental problems and achievements of foundations in some transitional countries. The aims of the research are to contribute to a better understanding of the environment for the development of foundations in Croatia, to explain the role and vision of the development of foundations, to estimate strengths and weaknesses of foundations and to stimulate a discussion about the role of foundations in the development of Croatia. The data on foundations were collected through a mail survey and case studies. The results of the research mainly speak of the development and the increase in the number of foundations in Croatia that mostly play a complementary role. To a smaller extent, foundations appear as innovators. The results of the research indicate a peripheral social model of the development of foundations. Scholarship foundations and foundations in the area of social welfare are dominant. Foundations encounter problems in raising funds to increase their basic assets. They are mainly managed on volunteer basis, and the state does not appear as a partner in the development of foundations. The development of foundations in Croatia will largely depend on the economic progress and new middle classes that will be more concerned about social problems.

U ovom se članku problematizira povijesni, politički, zakonski i financijski okvir za razvoj kombinirane socijalne politike u Hrvatskoj te ga se dovodi u vezu s potencijalima za razvoj ovog koncepta socijalne politike. Metodološki okvir empirijskog dijela ovog rada u znatnoj se mjeri zasniva na praktično-istraživačkoj zauzetosti (practice-research engagement) autora te na policy analizi. Civilne inicijative u socijalnoj politici u Hrvatskoj nemaju tradiciju. Civilna zauzetost građana i izgradnja prvih neprofitnih, nevladinih, civilnih institucija u području socijalne politike povezani su s ratom, prognaničkom i izbjegličkom krizom početkom 1990-ih. Provjerom teorija razvoja civilnog društva u socijalnom području argumentira se razvoj ovog sektora pod utjecajem potražnje te ponude koja dolazi iz programa stranih organizacija. Upućuje se i na ograničenja u dosezima razvoja imajući u vidu teoriju ovisnosti o prijeđenom putu. Centralizirani sustav socijalne politike i paternalistički koncept socijalne države usporavali su donošenje povoljnog zakonskog, a osobito financijskog okvira za razvoj kombinirane socijalne politike. S druge strane policy okvir za razvoj ovog koncepta nije postavio jasne ciljeve čije je ostvarivanje sustavno vrednovano. Na kraju se daju preporuke za razvoj u ovome području te se upućuje na potrebna istraživanja., The article deals with the historical, political, legislative and financial framework for the development of a combined social policy in Croatia. This framework is further connected with the potentials for the development of this social policy concept. The methodological framework of the empirical part of the study is for the most part based on the author's practice-research engagement and a policy analysis. Civic initiatives concerning social policy have no tradition in Croatia. Civic engagement of citizens and the foundation of first non-profit, nonBgovermental, civil institutions in the field of social policy are connected with the war and refugee crisis at the beginning of the 1990's. Reeximining the theories on the development of the civic society in social area, the author explains the development of this sector under the influence of the demand and the supply coming from foreign organisations' programmes. Discussed are also the limitations of the extend of the development with respect to the theory of dependence on the made path. The centralized social policy system and the paternalist concept of social state have retarded the creation of a favourable legislative, and especially financial framework for the development of a combined social policy. On the other hand, the policy framework for the development of this concept has not set clear goals, the realization of which has been systematically examined in this paper. The final part of the paper contains recommendations for the development in this sector and for further research., In diesem Artikel werden historische, politische, legislative und finanzielle Rahmenbedingungen für die Entwicklung einer kombinierten Sozialpolitik in Kroatien problematisiert und mit den Potentialen für die Entwicklung dieses Konzeptes der Sozialpolitik in Beziehung gesetzt. Der methodologische Rahmen des empirischen Teils dieser Arbeit beruht wesentlich auf dem praktischBwissenschaftlichen Engagement (practice-research engagement) des Autors und der Policy-Analyse. Die Bürgerinitiativen haben in Kroatien keine Tradition. Das zivile Engagement der Bürger und der Ausbau der ersten nonBprofit, non-governmental und zivilen Organisation sind mit dem Krieg und der Vertriebenen- und Flüchtlingskrise Anfang der 1990er Jahre verbunden. Durch eine Überprüfung der Theorien der Entwicklung der Zivilgesellschaft im Sozialbereich wird die Entwicklung dieses Sektors unter dem Einfluss der Nachfrage und des von den Programmen ausländischer Organisationen ausgehenden Angebots dargestellt. Hingewiesen wird auch auf die Einschränkungen in den Ergebnissen der Entwicklung, und zwar im Hinblick auf die Theorie der Abhängigkeit von dem gemachten Weg. Das zentralisierte sozialpolitische System und das paternalistische Konzept des Sozialstaates verlangsamten die Entwicklung eines günstigen gesetzlichen und vor allem finanziellen Rahmens für die Entwicklung einer kombinierten Sozialpolitik. Andererseits stellte der Policy-Rahmen für die Entwicklung dieses Konzeptes keine klaren Ziele fest, derer Realisierung hier systematisch beurteilt wurde. Im abschließenden Teil der Arbeit werden Empfehlungen für die Entwicklung in diesem Bereich gegeben und wird auf die noch durchzuführende Forschung hingewiesen.

Rad nastoji osvijetliti razvoj crkveno-državnih odnosa u Hrvatskoj i moguće društvene implikacije toga razvoja. Stoga se, najprije, fokusira povijesni razvoj crkveno-državnih odnosa u Europi i njegovo današnje značenje s obzirom na razvoj tzv. europskog obrasca religijskog vjerovanja bez pripadanja te razvoj tih odnosa u kontekstu postkomunističke situacije Srednje i Istočne Europe. Potom se reinterpretiraju činjenice o aktualnom razvoju crkveno-državnih odnosa u Hrvatskoj, a posebno one vezane uz sklapanje posebnih Ugovora sa Svetom Stolicom o statusu Katoličke crkve. Na kraju se raspravlja o vezi crkveno-državnih odnosa i razvoja civilnog društva u Hrvatskoj, kao mogućem pokazatelju potencijala ukupnoga društvenog razvoja., The paper tries to explore the development of Church-State relations in Croatia and its possible social implications. In the first part, the paper focuses on the historical development of Church-State relations in Europe and its present meaning regarding the development of so called European pattern of religious believing without belonging as well in the context of post-communist situation in Central and Eastern Europe. After that, the paper presents reinterpretation of the facts of the actual development of Church-State relations in Croatia, especially those about Agreements with the Holy See on the status of the Catholic Church in Croatia. At the end, the paper discusses on relations between the Church-State relations and the development of the civil society in Croatia, which could be possible indicator of potentials of whole social development.

Civilno društvo različiti autori definiraju na različite načine. Prema jednoj od definicija pod civilnim društvom se podrazumijeva neprisilno udruživanje ljudi. U Hrvatskoj se, od njenog osamostaljenja do danas, kontinuirano razvija civilno društvo. Čine ga zaklade, udruge, političke stranke, vjerske zajednice, sindikati i udruge poslodavaca, a koje će biti predstavljene u nastavku rada kao i njihova struktura., Civil society is defined in different ways by different authors. According to one of the definitions, civil society means the unforced association of people. Since its independence, in Croatia has been continuously developing civil society. It consists of foundations, associations, political parties, religious communities, trade unions and employers' associations, which will be presented in this paper as well as their structure.

U ovom se radu analizira utjecaj organizacija civilnog društva u Hrvatskoj na osnovi rezultata međunarodnog komparativnog istraživanja CIVICUS – Indeks civilnog društva. Pored toga analiziraju se glavni aspekti utjecaja koji civilno društvo ostvaruje u razvijenim i tranzicijskim zemljama. Utjecaj organizacija civilnog društva u Hrvatskoj mjeri se analizom posebno odabranih indikatora, koji nam pokazuju relativno malen utjecaj organizacija civilnog društva na javne politike te na njihov slab kapacitet i neučinkovitost. Tijekom 1990-ih jača utjecaj organizacija civilnog društva u Hrvatskoj., In this paper we present findings on the perceived impact of civil society on the several stages of the public policy process, namely agenda-setting, policy- making, policy-implementation and policy-monitoring of CIVICUS Index of Civil Society Project in Croatia. According to the survey, civil society organisations (CSOs) only partially succeed in representing their constituents’ interests and putting these interests on the public policy agenda. Linked to this finding, representatives of civil society are rarely invited to participate in the generation and discussion of legislation. Legislation, vital to the interests of CSOs, is most often passed without their involvement. Civil society’s participation in the generation and discussion of legislation is only recently being recognised as important by CSOs in Croatia. Generally, it can be said that CSOs have no impact on government’s policy. Within the impact dimension the indicators measuring successful co-operation of CSOs with government in implementing policies is at the lowest level. Government people do not trust capacity of CSOs and they see them like artificial institutions. CSOs are also not very successful in monitoring government commitments and policies. This area of activities requires a lot of additional effort and mutual understanding. CSOs have been presented in a rather unfavourable way by the mass media and have also not attracted enough media attention with respect to their contribution to society. These findings are related to a not very respectable public image of civil society organisations. CSOs are seen as succeeding in improving the lives of the people they are working with i.e. users of their services. They also are considered as successful in benefiting the public good. In contrast to the positive contribution in creating public good, they are less successful in mobilising the disadvantaged groups in society to take part in public life. Most of these groups have a passive position, being a scope of activities and interest of different organisations and initiatives.