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Right-wing extremism is a form of political extremism. In recent years, strengthening far-right forces has been an unnoticeable trend and a global problem. The main aim of the study will be to find out whether and to what extent the inclination of the respondents living in the territory of the Prešov and Košice regions is related to the views and attitudes of the extreme right in Slovakia in the context of the above-mentioned socio-political developments related to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. In addition to the theoretical definition of the basic terminological background, the paper includes the interpretation of the results of quantitative research aimed at determining the degree of acceptance of right-wing radicalism and extremism and identifying the manifestations of covert and overt support for these phenomena in eastern Slovakia in the context of the war in Ukraine. The article uses analytical and descriptive methods and a representative survey by a questionnaire.

On January 1, 1993, as a result of the breakup of the Czech and Slovak Federative Republics, a new state was created on the political map of Europe: the Slovak Republic. The article deals with the foreign policy determinants of this state at the threshold of its establishment. An analysis is made of those determinants that had a key impact on the shape of foreign policy: the geographical environment, historical factors, the population factor, foreign service and diplomacy, and external conditions. Of greatest importance were historical factors, especially in the context of relations with Hungary, the deficit in foreign service and diplomatic personnel, which was of great significance in the context of creating foreign policy from scratch, and the multinational nature of the country. The article uses a comparative method and factor analysis.

In this paper, I will argue that the Slovak constitutional system consists not only of the written sources of law but also of constitutional conventions understood as a specific legal custom. Most Slovak constitutional lawyers believe that this kind of unwritten legal rule regulates the process of forming a new government after the announcement of the parliamentary election results. Namely, according to the generally shared constitutional convention, the President is obliged to entrust the assignment to form a new government to the representative of a political party with the highest number of votes obtained. I subsequently explore whether it is tenable given the conditions of the Slovak Republic to enforce such conventions by the judiciary. The analysis of the relevant case-law shows that the Slovak Constitutional Court refers to constitutional conventions in its legal argumentation only rarely. And even when it does, usually it is not particularly convincing. Especially, the Court’s reasoning by constitutional conventions related to the President’s appointing powers is loaded with misconceptions and contradictions, so one could wonder whether constitutional conventions serve only as a façade for the Court’s arbitrariness. Despite this harsh assessment, I conclude that there are good institutional reasons for entrusting the Constitutional Court with enforcing constitutional conventions, including particularly the one regulating the assignment to form a new government.

In the country, agricultural land is an irreplaceable resource for the production of food and raw materials. Changes in the structure of epigeic groups reflect changes in the ecological status of habitats and response to the environmental pressure that affects them (e.g., intensification of cultivation, impact of herbicides and pesticides, agrotechnics, large-scale and monoculture areas). The aim of this research is to assess the influence of seven different agricultural crops (Pisum sativum, Triticum aestivum, T. spelta, Hordeum vulgare, Zea mays, Brassica napus, grass mixture) and environmental variables (pH soil, soil moisture, light conditions, soil fertility) on the dispersion of epigeic groups. Between 2018 and 2020, 40,194 individuals belonging to 22 taxonomic groups collected by pitfall traps were recorded in the observed crops. Our results provide new information on the preference of epigeic groups for some agricultural crops such as the grass mixture (P=0.0096), Hordeum vulgare (P=0.0166), Zea mays (P=0.025), and Pisum sativum (P=0.045). The dispersion was also affected by soil fertility (P=0.032), soil humidity (P=0.012), light (P=0.042) and pH soil (P=0.046). In the beetles model group with the highest number of individuals, the trend of increasing number of individuals with increasing values of potassium (r = 0.631), phosphorus (r = 0.566), nitrogen (r = 0.641), soil moisture (r = 0.572), and light (r = 0.9962) using a regression model was recorded. The neutral pH of the soil (r = 0.6212) was optimal for beetle coenoses.

At the II. horizon of the Eastern shaft of Handlová coal mine the occurrence of mineral assemblage of secondary minerals was identified. These accumulations consist of sulphate group minerals confirmed by PXRD and semiquantitative chemical analysis (EDS), namely gypsum, alunogen, pickeringite, melanterite, sideronatrite and epsomite. Sulphates form coatings, crystalline crusts and aggregates, which crystallized on the walls of mine corridors. The dimensions of these accumulations are reaching approximately 1.5 x 1.3 m with thickness up to 5 cm. The refined unitcell parameters of alunogen (for the triclinic space group P-1) are: a 7.413(1), b 26.944(4), c 6.051(1) Å, α 90.05(1), β 97.65(1), γ 91.82(1)°, V 1197.1(3) ų, pickeringite (for the monoclinic space group P21 /c): a 6.1808(8), b 24.252(2), c 21.220(2) Å, β 100.36(1)°, V 3128.8(6) ų and melanterite (for the monoclinic space group P21 /c): a 14.022(5), b 6.503(2), c 10.945(4) Å, β 105.83(3)°, V 960.2(7) ų . Sideronatrite and epsomite were identified in mixture with the most significant diffraction maxima for sideronatrite: 10.252/100, 4.905/37, 3.424/10, 3.067/9 and epsomite: 5.347/18, 5.302/18, 4.489/26, 4.215/100, 4.201/59, 2.880/24, 2.747/23, 2.677/18. Accumulations of minerals were formed on the mine walls. Secondary sulphates are considered as products of the weathering of Fe-rich carbonates, pyrite and other sulphidic minerals which are part of associated pelosiderites embedded in the clays and claystones. Locally, gypsum and hexahydrite were also identified in the form of transparent crystals and white powdery aggregates on the calcite speleothems genetically linked to Mesozoic limestones and gypsum-rich Lower Triassic Werfen Formation. Unit-cell parameters refined from X-ray powder diffraction data are for hexahydrite (for the monoclinic space group C2/c): a 10.107(1), b 7.2114(8), c 24.424(3) Å, β 98.28(1)°, V 1761.7(3) ų. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air pollution is currently considered a major public health problem responsible for increasing morbidity and mortality. Polluted air contributes to the global burden of respiratory and allergic diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia and possibly tuberculosis. Deteriorated air quality is closely linked to the amount of anthropogenic emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere. These have different origins – from industrial and energy sources, through emissions from transport to small sources from local household heating. Air pollution is a heterogeneous mixture of compounds that includes ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, liquids, volatile organic compounds, heavy metals and solid particles. In this paper, we monitored the development of air pollution by selected emissions in the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic. We obtained data from the OECD database for the years 2000–2018. We monitored particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), NMVOC (non-methan volatile organic compounds), NOX (nitrogen oxides), SOX (sulphur oxides) and CO (carbon monoxide). We also compared total emissions per country in terms of per capita. In the monitored period, we found an overall declining trend in the production of emissions of particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides, carbon monoxide and non-methane volatile organic compounds in the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The material presents the establishment of the category of National Cultural Monument in 1962. It was to include the most important and valuable monuments of the Czech Republic, the national cultural treasures. During the following decades of communist totalitarianism, the list of National Cultural Monuments was expanded in number, and among the immovable architectural and technical monuments and movable treasures, ideological monuments related to the history of the revolutionary and workers' movement, the Communist Party and its representatives were declared and given special emphasis in this category until 1989. In 2022, the number of national cultural monuments in the Czech Republic reached 473. For didactic use and for the preparation of excursions, walks and trips, the text is supplemented by thematic tables of national cultural monuments for the period 1962-2022, including a list of ideological monuments that were removed from this category after 1989. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the research was to verify the psychometric properties of Self-Importance of Moral Identity Scale (MIS) in the Slovak translation. Reliability and factor structure were verified for data from two studies (N = 210). EFA has obtained a two-factor solution with satisfactory reliability values for both MIS factors – Internalization (α = .759) and Symbolization (α = .807). In the first study (N = 101), we noticed the association of Internalization with subjective happiness and higher scores of both MIS subscales in women. In the second study (N = 111), we noticed the relative independence of moral identity from the level of social desirability and the different pattern of characteristics of Symbolization and Internalization. Internalization was positively related to prosocial moral judgement, negatively to moral disengagement, deception and sociometric status. The correlations of symbolization and other variables were either contradictory (deception, sociometric status, altruistic moral judgement) or notably different. The possibilities for interpretations are discussed in the discussion.

Social justice, as a fundamental value of social policy, is a permanent object of the study of political theory and practice both in the historical and the contemporary context. The presented research paper addresses the content framework of this phenomenon through its specificities in the political-philosophical-axiological plane on the basis of selected economic indicators in terms of their secondary analysis. Its main objective is to identify the axiological understanding of social justice by relevant governmental entities and their coalitions in the Slovak republic and Hungary through valorisation mechanisms of retirement pensions between 2016 and 2019.

The presented article is focused on concept of career competencies. The aim of the research was to find a relationships between career competencies and career success. Career competencies was meaasured by the Career Competencies Indicator (CCI). Four indicators of subjective and objective career success were examined, namely, career satisfaction, perceived employability, salary and number of promotions. The sample consisted of 206 employed people with an average age of 29.45. Correlation Coefficients and Multiple Hierarchical Linear Regression was used to statistical data analysis. The results showed a significant positive relationship between career competencies and career satisfaction, perceived employability, and the number of promotions. The results of research support the importance of career competencies for successful career development.

In the article, the authors analyzed selected Slovak associations that shaped the public opinion of the political and lay public on the independence of the Slovak Republic as a subject of international law. After the velvet revolution, the question of a new constitutional order of the Czech-Slovak Republic on the principle of equal to equal gradually opened up. The reluctance of the Czech side to accede to the Slovak demands led the political and social development towards the gradual division of the Czech-Slovak federation in the Federal Assembly into two independent and successor states - the Slovak Republic, the Czech Republic. At present, both parties evaluate the relations of both nations as above-standard, which would not be possible in the case of the existence of the common state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Listy Cukrovarnicke a Reparske is the property of VUC Praha a.s. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The authors describe the conditions of the origin and development of the Slovak Psychiatric Association of the Slovak Medical Association and analyse its activities from its establishment to the present. Attention is paid to professional organizations that have been its predecessors and created the conditions for the activities of the Slovak Psychiatric Association as an independent professional association. Slovak doctors, including psychiatrists, were associated in the Central Unity of Czechoslovak Doctors during the first Czechoslovak Republic. The oldest psychiatric association in the former Czechoslovakia was the Purkynés Association for the study of Psyche and Nerves, which was founded in 1918 and some of its activities were performed in Slovakia - until the establishment of the first Slovak Republic in 1939. The cooperation with Purkyne's association was interrupted as a result of political changes during the period of the Slovak State. The Association of Physicians of the Slovak Republic was established, where psychiatrists could also be involved. Later the main functions of the association were taken over by the Medical Chamber. In 1949, the Czechoslovak Medical Association of J. E. Purkyně began to work in the renewed State. The original Purkyněs Association for Studying Psyche and Nerves became integrated expert section of the Czechoslovak Medical Association and later on divided into two separate sections: neurological and psychiatric. In Slovakia, during 1952-1953, Slovak branches of the mentioned sections were created, which was organized by the Slovak Committee of the Czechoslovak Medical Association of J. E. Purkyně in Bratislava. The Slovak Psychiatric Association was founded in 1969 as part of the changes that took place during efforts about the federal arrangement of the State. Analogously to other institutions, the Czechoslovak Psychiatric Association was established in Prague composed of both national association in 1969. The newly created association represented the Czechoslovak psychiatry at domestic and foreign events until 1992, to the division of the Czechoslovak republic into two separate republics. In 1993 the Czechoslovak Psychiatric Association was divided into national associations. The Slovak Psychiatric Association of the Slovak Medical Association - already as a separate professional association - continued to professionally and methodically cover the discipline. The association has been involved and is currently organizing scientific and professional events, forming a concept of psychiatry, preparing opinions on current issues, postgraduate education and other activities. Finally, it is actively cooperating with other professional association in the specific field, including foreign ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1993, the division of Czechoslovakia into two independent entities, the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic, took place. During the 70 years of their co-existence in one country, considerable regional differences in the life expectancy at birth were decreasing for both men and women. Since the separation, the life expectancies of the Czech and Slovak population have been diverging. Based on decomposition of the difference in the life expectancies, it is obvious that there are disparities in mortality at higher ages. Using the EU-SILC data on self-perceived health and reported disability, we show that the differences are apparent also with respect to the healthy life expectancies. In the Slovak Republic, the healthy life-expectancies in good self-perceived health or without daily limitation were lower in comparison with the Czech Republic in the period 2005–2012. The decomposition of the difference in life expectancy by disability and age distinguishes the disability component and the mortality component. This decomposition shows that the disability component is larger than the mortality component. This finding suggests that the difference might be linked to cultural differences. Applying concept of the Hofstede et al. (2010) cultural dimensions the cultural differences in disparities between healthy life expectancies in the Czech and Slovak Republic was not directly proved.

Introduction: Non-smoking promotion including assistance in quitting, should be provided by qualified health professionals. The aim of the research was to find a level of effectiveness of the implementation of non-smoking promotion in counseling centers for smoking cessation at the Regional Public Health Authorities (RPHA). Material and Methods: Data were obtained from the representatives of the advisory smoking cessation centers (ASC) at RPHA contacted by email request. The request was sent to all 34 ASC in the Slovak Republic, of which 94.1% (n = 32) responded. Data were collected from March 2013 until January 2014. Results: 93.6% of ASC use the smokerlyzer, only 51.6 % use the spirometer, and only 6 % ASC's own specialized equipment for the objectification of smoking habits. Up to 69 % ASC's reported no cooperation with general practicioners (GP's). Up to 53% of the ASC reported the main problem in providing counseling, reported up to 53% of the ASC, to be the problem with motivation and self-discipline of clients. 25% of the ASC's reported inadequate personnel and material equipment. Discussion: The effectiveness of the implementation of the promotion of non-smoking by counseling centers for smoking cessation is insufficient. The main problems in providing advice in ASC included problems with motivation of patients, low level of cooperation with general practicioners or insufficient material-technical equipment and staffing, especially a psychologist. Conclusion: In practice, for better help and higher motivation of patients to stop smoking, it would be helpful to add sufficient equipment for the objectification of smoking habits, staffing in the form of a psychologist, legally regulated cooperation between ASC's and general practitioners, or partial reimbursement of medicaments, for example, nicotine replacement therapy by health insurance groups. We suppose that by these means we can achieve many health and economic benefits for society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After three-year tests (2014–2016), the spring barley malting variety Soulmate was registered in the Slovak Republic. Extract content in malt dry matter in the studied variety was high, it moved in the scope of 83.4–84.4 %. The variety had strong proteolytic modifi cation. Amylolytic modifi cation, degradation of cell walls and β-glucan content were at the optimal level. Wort quality was above average to optimal. The value of the apparent fi nal attenuation was high (83.6%). The variety Soulmate provided clear wort.

In 2014, the spring barley varieties Cerbinetta, IS Maltea, KWS Bambina, Valis, and Zarasa were registered after three-year tests (2011-2013). The highest extract was exhibited by the varieties KWS Bambina (83.5%), IS Maltea (83.1%) and the variety Zarasa (83.0%). All the studied varieties exhibited a very good to optimal level of proteolytic and amylolytic modification. The highest values of apparent final attenuation were recorded in the varieties KWS Bambina (81.5%). The level of cell wall degradation given by friability (86-93%) was optimal in all the studied varieties. Increased ß-glucan content in sweet wort was found only in the variety IS Maltea (230 mg/l). The varieties under study did not have more significant problems with wort haze.In 2014, the spring barley varieties Cerbinetta, IS Maltea, KWS Bambina, Valis, and Zarasa were registered after three-year tests (2011-2013). The highest extract was exhibited by the varieties KWS Bambina (83.5%), IS Maltea (83.1%) and the variety Zarasa (83.0%). All the studied varieties exhibited a very good to optimal level of proteolytic and amylolytic modification. The highest values of apparent final attenuation were recorded in the varieties KWS Bambina (81.5%). The level of cell wall degradation given by friability (86-93%) was optimal in all the studied varieties. Increased ß-glucan content in sweet wort was found only in the variety IS Maltea (230 mg/l). The varieties under study did not have more significant problems with wort haze.

The collection of damselflies and dragonflies (Odonata) of Lubomír Brejcha is currently deposited in the Department of Entomology, National Museum in Prague and includes 1,355 adults and 1 exuviae. The collection includes a total of 56 species of damselflies and dragonflies, mainly from the Czech Republic and other Central European countries (Slovakia, Hungary, and Poland). Most of the material was collected during the years 1962-1985 and 1988-1991. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After three-year tests (2013–2015) following malting barley varieties were registered in the Slovak Republic: Michelle, SK Levitus, SU Gesine, and Tango. The highest extract content was exhibited by the varieties SK Levitus (83.5%), Michelle (83.3%), and Tango (83.3%). All the studied varieties exhibited very good to optimal level of proteolytic and amylolytic modification. The highest levels of final apparent attenuation were recorded in the variety Tango (83.2%). The level of degradation of cell walls given by friability was at the optimal level in all the studied varieties (84–93%). β-glucan content in wort moved from 82–225 mg/l. The studied varieties did not have a significant problem with wort clarity. Further, a non-malting winter barley variety Monroe was registered.

The spring barley malting varieties Exalis, Montoya, Odyssey, Olympic, and Overture were registered after three-year tests (2012–2014). The highest extract content was found in the varieties Overture, Odyssey, and Olympic (83.9 %, 83.1 %, and 83.1 %, respectively). All the studied varieties exhibited a very good to optimal level of proteolytic and amylolytic modification. The highest values of apparent final attenuation were recorded in the variety Overture (82.7%). The level of cell wall destruction given by friability was optimal in all the studied varieties (87–93 %). beta-glucan content in sweet wort varied in the range of 115–186 mg/l. The varieties under study did not have problems with wort clarity.

Laumontite and heulandite-Ca were found in the cracks and cavities of Permian basalt (Malužiná Formation, Ipoltica Group of the Hronicum Unit), in the eastern part of the Kozie Chrbty Mts., at Spišská Teplica - Štefánikova and Lučivná - Lopušná Dolina localities. Laumontite has a relatively monotonous chemical composition, only K content reaches up to 0.75 apfu. Average crystallochemical formula of laumontite (both occurrences) is (K0.41Na0.06Ca3.61)Σ4.08 [Si16.03Al7.54]Σ23.56O48·18H2O, Si/Al ratio 2.13. Main diffraction maxima d(I) of laumontite are 9.461(100), 6.844(44), 4.157(48), 3.508(33), 3.272(22), unit cell parameters: a = 14.738(1) Å, b = 13.087(1) Å, c = 7.554(1) Å, β = 111.84°, V = 1352.3 ų. Ca is dominant component in heulandite-Ca from the Štefánikova occurrence (2.18 - 2.69 apfu), from other admixtures, significantly increased is K content (1.30 - 2.35 apfu). Less important are Ba (0.05 - 0.7 apfu) and Sr (0.23 - 0.60 apfu), Na content reached up to 0.26 apfu. Average chemical composition of studied heulandite-Ca corresponds to formula (K1.79Na0.16Ca2.39Ba0.38Sr0.39Fe0.13)Σ5.24[Si26.82Al8.94]Σ35.76O72·24H2O, Si/Al ratio 3.00. Its main diffraction maxima d(I) are 8.954(100), 4.650(17), 3.976(18), 3.897(18), 2.973(37), unit cell parameters: a = 17.786(1) Å, b = 17.930(1) Å, c = 7.4338(1) Å, β = 115.93°, V = 2131.9 Å3. Zeolites probably originated during the Alpine orogeny, at the reduced p-T conditions after a peak of the prehnite-pumpellyite facies of basalt metamorphosis. The minimum estimated conditions of their origin are T ~ 210 °C and p 2.1 - 2.4 kbar, corresponding to the burial depth of Hronicum basalts around 7 km, in the time of zeolites formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An unusually rich occurrence of supergene minerals, represented by azurite, baryte, cerussite, Zn-rich malachite, rosasite, smithsonite and wulfenite was recently identified at the subsurface parts of the Nová Anton epithermal ore vein near Hodruša-Hámre, Štiavnické vrchy Mts., Slovak Republic. Azurite is rare and it forms bright blue crystalline crusts, which consists of thin tabular crystals up to 2 mm. It is associated together with malachite, cerussite and smithsonite. Baryte occurs only infrequently as white, thin tabular crystals up to 5 mm growing on smithsonite. Cerussite is relatively abundant supergene mineral, especially in the proximity of relicts of primary galena. It forms clear to white, well-developed, acicular, prismatic or tabular crystals up to 1.2 cm or massive aggregates and rims up to 3 cm, which are often associated together with malachite and rosasite. Zn-rich malachite is very common supergene mineral at the studied locality and it occurs as pale green to greenish-blue hemispherical or radial aggregates up to 1 cm or crystalline crusts and coatings, which cover areas up to 100 cm². It is often associated with cerusite or smithsonite with rosasite, rarely also together with wulfenite or azurite. The unit-cell parameters of Zn-rich malachite refined from the powder X-ray diffraction data (for the monoclinic space group P21/a) are: a = 9.459(5) Å, b = 11.979(4) Å, c = 3.219(1) Å, β = 97.84(with)° 2 V = 361.3(3) Å3. It contain up to 0.18 apfu of Zn. Rosasite is relatively common species. It forms bluish-green to pale blue, hemispherical aggregates up to 7 mm with radial internal structure, which are often grouped to the botryoidal crusts covering areas up to 50 cm². Rosasite is often associated with smithsonite and Zn-rich malachite. Its refined unit-cell parameters (for the monoclinic space group P21/a) are: a = 12.890(8) Å, b = 9.342(7) Å, c = 3.164(2) Å, β = 110.26(2)° with V = 357.4(4) ų. Two types of rosasite can by distinguished by chemical composition. Predominant is Zn-rich phase with the Cu/Zn molar ratio in the range of 1.24 - 1.66 (1.11 - 1.25 apfu Cu, 0.75 - 0.89 apfu Zn). Cu-rich rosasite is infrequent and its Cu/Zn molar ratio vary from 3.32 to 3.61 (1.54 - 1.57 apfu Cu, 0.43 - 0.46 apfu Zn). Smithsonite is very common mineral, which is associated mainly with Zn-rich malachite and rosasite. It occurs as white, pale green to pale blue botryoidal crusts, which often consists of rounded rhombohedral or scalenohedral crystals up to 3 mm in size. Except of major Zn, elevated content of Cu (up to 0.08 apfu), and minor contents of Ca (up to 0.02 apfu) and K, Pb, Mg (all up to 0.01 apfu) were detected in smithsonite. Wulfenite is relatively abundant species and it forms orange to yellow, dipyramidal, often hemihedral or tabular crystals up to 1 cm. It was identified by PXRD and its refined unit-cell parameters (for the tetragonal space group I41/a) are: a = 5.438(5) Å, c = 12.1160(7) Å and V = 358.3(3) ų. Its chemical composition is close to the theoretical end member, PbMoO4. Well-developed supergene zones in-situ, especially with the abudance of supergene Cu and Zn carbonates are not typical for the epithermal ore veins in the Banská Štiavnica ore district. The origin of relatively well developed and rich supergene zone in-situ at the Nová Anton vein is directly linked with the fact, that upper parts of this vein are hosted in limestone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uranophane was identified in Permian arkoses containing uranium mineralization at the Selce village (Banská Bystrica district), Starohorské vrchy Mts. It forms globular aggregates (up to 0.15 mm in size), consist of fibrous, needle like crystals resp. cryptocrystalline coatings and crusts on rocks fissures, also it fills rock cavities. Uranophane has a light to dark yellow colour, with yellow - green luminiscence in UV light. It is associated with boltwoodite (?), malachite and hydrated Mn oxides. Uranophane was identified by powder X-ray diffraction data and it has refined unit cell parameters: a 15.908(1), b 7.030(1), c 6.669(1) Å, β 97.54(2)° and V 739.5(1) ų. The results of infrared spectroscopic study of uranophane and assignment of spectra are given in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Listy Cukrovarnicke a Reparske is the property of VUC Praha a.s. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article deals with the question of how the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union influences national legal (constitutional) order of a Member State, with specific regard to the Slovak Republic. The authors analyse the law-making process of the National Council of the Slovak Republic. Furthermore, they consider, briefly, the case law of the Constitutional Court of the Slovak Republic and the Supreme Court of the Slovak Republic concerning the Charter of Fundamental Rights. The authors conclude that the Charter of Fundamental Rights has still not been accorded its proper constitutional status in proceedings before the supreme courts of the Slovak Republic; nor does the National Council devote as much attention to the Charter of Fundamental Rights as it deserves as part of primary law of the European Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this contribution, we studied mineralogy of a small, long abandoned ore occurrence near the village of Hiadel' in the Nízke Tatry Mts. (Slovakia). An earlier mineral association consists of pyrite I, arsenopyrite, rutile, apatite, monazite, and possibly zircon. This association is located in alteration zones with abundant sheet silicates. Carbonates are found in this association but also in the milky quartz that contains no sheet silicates. The composition of the carbonates is variable; they belong to the siderite-magnesite and dolomite-ankerite solid solution, rarely to calcite. Later ore minerals are represented by stibnite, Pb-Sb sulfosalts (zinkenite, jamesonite, or robinsonite), tetrahedrite, chalcostibite, bournonite, and pyrite II. The temporal relationship among these minerals cannot be determined from our samples. Tetrahedrite is Zn-rich and Ag-poor. From a mineralogical point of view, this occurrence does not deviate from other ore deposits and occurrences known in the Tatric part of the Nízke Tatry Mts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An interesting association of supergene minerals represented by anglesite, aragonite, brianyoungite, cerussite, gypsum, hemimorphite, malachite, mimetite, pyromorphite and wulfenite was found at the Čavoj base metal deposit, Strážovské vrchy Mts., Slovak Republic. Brianyoungite occurs as white crystalline coatings and irregular to spherical aggregates, which consist of thin-tabular crystals up to 0.1 mm in size. It was found together with aragonite and gypsum on the surface of ore fragments at the dumps of Geschenk and Ferdinand shaft. The refined unit-cell parameters of brianyoungite from the powder X-ray data are: a 15.710(8) Å, b 6.273(7) Å, c 5.45(1) Å, V = 537(1) Å3. Cerussite is the most abundant supergene phase. It forms well developed colourless to white tabular or prismatic crystals up to 5 mm in size, associated together with anglesite, mimetite, pyromorphite and wulfenite. Its refined unit-cell parameters are: a 5.189(1) Å, b 8.507(2) Å, c 6.152(1) Å, V 271.56(9) Å3. Hemimorphite was identified at the dumps situated near Strieborná adit as white hemispherical crystalline aggregates up to 2 mm in the fissures of sphalerite-rich gangue. It is orthorhombic, space group Imm2 and the unit-cell parameters refined from X-ray powder diffraction data are: a 8.3634(8) Å, b 10.711(1) Å, c 5.1134(5) Å, and V 458.07(8) Å3. Mimetite is rare mineral and it occurs only at the Baniská area. It forms bright yellow to yellowish-green crystalline aggregates and crusts, which are composed by prismatic crystals up to 1 mm in size. Its unit-cell parameters refined from powder X-ray data are: a 10.236(10) Å, c 7.4126(9) Å and V 673(1) Å3. Mimetite from the Čavoj deposit contain only minor amounts of Ca (up to 0.33 apfu) and P (up to 0.39 apfu) with the empirical formula (average of 6 point analyses) corresponding to (Pb5.11Ca0.21)Σ5.32 [(AsO4) 2.77 (PO4) 0.23]Σ3.00Cl1.17 on the basis of P+As+V+Si+S=3 apfu. Pyromorphite was identified in several samples from the Ferdinand shaft dump as pale-green to pale-yellow prismatic crystals up to 2 mm in size, which are often grouped to the crystalline crusts and aggregates together with cerussite and wulfenite. The refined unit-cell parameters of pyromorphite are: a 9.986(8) Å, c 7.3528(3) Å and V 635.0(5) Å3. Only minor amounts of Ca (up to 0.19 apfu) and As (0.07 apfu) were detected in studied samples of pyromorphite and its empirical formula (average of 9 point analyses) is corresponding to (Pb4.97Ca0.10)Σ5.07 [(PO4) 2.95 (AsO4) 0.05]Σ3.00Cl1.15 on the basis of P+As+V+Si+S=3 apfu. Wulfenite is rare supergene phase at the studied locality (dump of Ferdinand shaft) and it occurs as well developed, orange pyramidal crystals up to 1 mm in size together with cerussite and pyromorphite. It is tetragonal, space group I41/a and its unit-cell parameters refined from X-ray powder diffraction data are: a 5.435(1) Å, c 12.1065(2) Å and V 357.59(9) Å3. Its chemical composition is close to the end member formula with only insignificant amounts of P and As (both up to 0.01 apfu) and empirical formula (average of 5 point analyses) corresponding to Pb1.00 [(MoO4) 0.98 (AsO4) 0.01 (PO4) 0.01]Σ1.00 on the basis of Mo+W+As+P=1 apfu. On the basis of detailed paragenetic study two principal associations of supergene minerals were distinguished at the Čavoj deposit: a) supergene phases (e.g. cerussite, hemimorphite, mimetite, pyromorphite or wulfenite) formed by in-situ decomposition of primary ore minerals in the supergene zone or b) supergene minerals of sub-recent origin, which were formed by the weathering of ore fragments in dump environment (e.g. aragonite, brianyoungite and gypsum). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hausmannite and manganosite were identified at the Čierna baňa manganese deposit near Čučma, Slovenské rudohorie Mts., Gemeric Superunit, Slovak Republic. Hausmannite occurs as black, fine-grained masses up to 10 cm in size. It contain aggregates of manganosite and microscopic barite, rhodonite, rhodochrosite and spessartine inclusi- ons. The refined unit-cell parameters of hausmannite from the powder X-ray diffraction data (for the tetragonal space group I4 /amd) are a = 5.786(11), c = 9.411(2) Å with V = 315.1(6) Å3. Manganosite forms anhedral, emerald to dark green grains and aggregates up to 2 mm in size embedded in hausmannite matrix. It is first documented occurrence of this specie in Slovakia. The refined unit-cell parameters of manganosite from the powder X-ray diffraction data (for the cubic space group Fm3m) are a = 4.445(1) Å with V = 87.801(2) Å3. Its chemical composition is close to the end member with the empirical formula (average of 6 point analyses) corresponding to (Mn0.99Mg0.01)Σ1.00O1.00 on the basis of O = 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An interesting supergene mineral association was identified at the abandoned Juraj adit near Hodruša-Hámre village, Štiavnické vrchy Mts., Slovak Republic. It is represented by allophane, anglesite, brochantite, calcite, cerussite, dundasite, gypsum, hydrozincite, linarite, malachite, posnjakite and zincowoodwardite. Anglesite occurs as well developed, colourless, tabular to prismatic crystals up to 3 mm in vugs of weathered galena-rich gangue. It is orthorhombic, space group Pnma, the unit-cell parameters refined from X-ray powder diffraction data are: a = 8.447(1), b = 5.3863(10), c = 6.9563(9) Å and V= 317.63(9) ų. Cerussite is the most common supergene mineral and it forms colourless to white tabular, prismatic or acicular crystals up to 9 mm in size, which are often twinned and are associated together with dundasite, malachite and linarite in the cavities of gangue or mineralized rocks. The refined unit-cell parameters of cerussite from the powder X-ray diffraction data (for the orthorhombic space group Pmcn) are a = 5.174(1), b = 8.478(2), c = 6.135(1) Å with V= 269.1(1) ų. Dundasite forms white or pale-blue, radial to spherical aggregates up to 1 mm, which are composed of well formed acicular crystals and cover areas up to 4 x 1.5 cm in cavities of ore gangue. Its refined unit-cell parameters from the powder X-ray diffraction data (for the orthorhombic space group Pbnm) are a = 9.071(2), b = 16.394(5), c = 5.618(2) Å and V= 835.4(5) ų. Hydrozincite occurs as compact, white, up to 1 cm thick crusts or botryoidal aggregates on the adit walls together with calcite and zincowoodwardite. It is monoclinic, space group C2/m, the unit-cell parameters refined from X-ray powder diffraction data are: a = 13.63(2), b = 6.319(8), c = 5.397(9) Å, β = 95.9(3)° and V = 462(1) ų. Linarite often forms well developed, bright blue, tabular to prismatic crystals up to 4 mm in size, which are often grouped to the radial aggregates and crystalline crusts in cavities and fractures of ore gangue (together with cerussite, dundasite and malachite) or on the walls of adit (associated with brochantite, gypsum, posnjakite and zincowoodwardite). Its refined unit-cell parameters from the powder X-ray diffraction data (for the monoclinic space group P21/m) are a = 9.691 (3), b = 5.650(2), c = 4.686(2) Å, β = 102.68(2)° and V= 250.3(1) ų. Rare posnjakite occurs as pale blue, acicular crystals up to 1 mm, which were observed on the adit walls associated together with brochantite, linarite and zincowoodwardite. The refined unit-cell parameters of posnjakite from the powder X-ray diffraction data (for the monoclinic space group Pm) are a = 10.569(14), b = 6.349(4), c = 7.857(9) Å, β = 117.94(7)° and V= 465.7(9) ų. Zincowoodwardite was observed exclusively on the walls of adit as an white-blue to pale-blue crusts with botryoidal surface, which covers areas up to 5 x 4 cm. Associated minerals include brochantite, calcite, gypsum, hydrozincite, linarite and posnjakite. It is trigonal, space group P-3, the unit-cell parameters refined from X-ray powder diffraction data are: a = 3.057(9), c = 8.865(8) A with V= 71.8(2) ų. A newly described association of supergene minerals from the Juraj adit was formed as a sub-recent product of decomposition of primary sulfidic mineralization (mostly galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite and pyrite) in the conditions of abandoned mine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After two decades of independence, Slovak Republic achieved in the field of foreign policy results which may not be overlooked and placed itself among the most successful countries in the world despite the fact that in the beginning it did not look so well. Achievements of Slovak Republic, such as membership in EU, NATO or OECD did not happen by chance. Diplomacy had to learn to communicate intensively, coordinate its actions and at the same time build the trust by its actions. All of this would not be possible without a political will. When integration engines in Slovakia finally ignited, they showed their strength. Today, Slovak Republic is recognized as a trusted partner who not only enjoys benefits of memberships in global organizations but also brings issues on the table, expresses its position and offers solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the Slovak Republic had come into existence in 1993, the situation in the area of international migration has transformed significantly. The country changed its profile from emigration to transit country. The numbers of migrants changed as well. All types of the immigration flows increased, and the emigration from Slovakia changed its character from politically motivated emigration to labour migration. The study focuses not only on developments in migration flows, but also on creation of Slovak migration policy, its strategic documents and institutions. In this process, our attempts to become a member state of the European Union played significant role. After ten years of the EU membership, European migration policy, as well as, our membership in the Schengen system since 2007 still influences the Slovak migration management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bismuth tellurides (tetradymite and tellurobismuthite) were identified in the heavy mineral fraction of alluvial placers from Pukanský potok brook near Pukanec, Štiavnické vrchy Mountains, Slovak Republic. They forms only very slightly rounded aggregates up to 5 mm in size with typical perfect cleavage. Aggregates of bismuth tellurides from Pukanec are mostly represented by tetradymite, which has an uniform chemical composition and only minor contents of Se (up to 0.10 apfu) and Sb (0.01 apfu) were detected. Its empirical formula is (Bi2.00Sb0.01)Σ2.01Te1.99(S0.92Se0.08) Σ 1.00 on basis of 5 apfu. Tellurobismuthite was observed as microscopic oval or irregular elongated inclusions in tetradymite. Only rarely aggregates of tellurobismuthite up to 3 mm in size with thin tetradymite rim were observed. The chemical composition of tellurobismuthite is nearly close to the end member, it has only minor contents of Se (0.02 apfu) and Sb (0.02 apfu) and its empirical formula is (Bi2.01Sb0.02)Σ2.03(Te2.96Se0.01)Σ2.97 on basis of 5 apfu. This find of bismuth tellurides indicates the existence of previously unknown primary Bi-Te mineralization near Pukanec, but its connection to the epithermal Au-Ag mineralization is not clear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foreign trade is an important part of the national economy and represents very important macroeconomics parameter. The report focuses on the part of the foreign trade -- export, which plays a key role for small and open economy. Each state has drafted its own pro-export strategy and in every country operates institutions that provide direct and offer support for export. The exception is not nor Czech Republic and Slovak and in these two countries will be performed comparative analysis of the development of export support through export-oriented institutions that operate in each of these economies. Object of this article is oriented on the comparison of the results of support for export in the Czech and Slovak Republic, as an important factor of development of exports as a key component of aggregate demand, which plays a very important role for both economies. The aim of this article is to analyze and assess the trends in the development of pro-export policy in the Czech Republic and Slovakia from the viewpoint of institutions that dealing with support for export. The article is also to highlight as well as the importance of institutions that provided support in both economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of International Relations / Medzinarodne Vztahy is the property of University of Economics in Bratislava, Faculty of International Relations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Listy Cukrovarnicke a Reparske is the property of VUC Praha a.s. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The minerals of the tetrahedrite isotypic series are the main ore phases at the Piesky deposit and in the past they were the most important source of copper and silver at the whole Špania Dolina ore district (central Slovakia, Slovak Republic). They occur as veinlets, impregnations or massive aggregates up to 10 cm in size, which are associated together with chalcopyrite in quartz-carbonate veins or in mineralized rocks and are often altered to the yellowish-green aggregates of amorphous Cu-Sb-Fe phases or diverse supergene minerals. The chemical composition of minerals of the tetrahedrite isotypic series from the various parts of the Piesky deposit is rather uniform. In the trigonal site Cu is dominant element and only low content of Ag (up to 0.04 apfu) was detected. The overall content of divalent metals like Fe, Zn as well as slight amount of Pb in the tetrahedral site is up to 1.3 - 1.7 apfu, which together with elevated content of Cu (higher than theoretical value of 10 apfu) suggest the presence of at least some Cu2+ in this possition. In the X possition Sb is the prevalent element, so As-rich tetrahedrite is the absolutely dominant species at the Piesky deposit. Only in one case, Sb-rich tennantite as an irregular zones up to 50 μm in size was observed in the As-rich tetrahedrite. Characteristic feature of tetrahedrite-tennantite minerals from the Piesky deposit is regular content of Bi (up to 0.14 apfu). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to analyse the post-contractual behaviour in the procurement system, which we investigated in a sample of SIovak contracting authorities at the level of local government as well as central government. This is an analysis of changes in contracts that were concluded on the basis of the law on public procurement. While the pre-contractual phase is treated by law, in the post-contractual phase we can identify something like "a legal 'vacuum", which can be exploited to corrupt practices. Article examines how important (particularly in terms of impact on the price) are changes in the contracts concluded under the law on public contracts and whether it is possible to identify some factors which affect this behaviour. The regression analysis showed that the prices ex-post rise more if the open procedure was used as well as if there was strong competition on the supply side (In these cases, it is more difficult to ex-ante manipulate with the outcome of the public contract). Therefore, it is probably that a number of amendments closed an evasion of the law on public procurement, and leads to losses in the public finances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brown tourmaline was found on the Gemerská Poloma talc-magnesite deposit. Fibrous tourmaline forms aggregates along with talc on the slip surface of carbonate rock containing dolomite, magnesite and accessory fluorapatite. Tourmaline (dravite) is almost homogeneous with very high XMg (0.95 - 0.96), very low X-site vacancy (up to 0.17) and Ca content (up 0.05 apfu). The Fe content is also very low (up to 0.14 apfu), the content of Al varies between 5.97 and 6.27 apfu. The calculated WO2- content correlates with the content of Al which suggests quite significant role of AlOMg- 1(OH)-1 substitution and other substitutions are negligible. However, the studied dravite is rather significantly Al-Mg disordered - ZMg/(ZMg+YMg) = 0.45 až 0.50, as suggested by distribution of Al and Mg among octahedral sites calculated from the lattice parameters (a = 15.9289(7) Å; c = 7.2132(17) Å) and calculated bond lengths ( = 2.007 Å; = 1.934 Å). Dravite from Gemerská Poloma is likely a side-product of talc formation from original carbonate rock during the Permian granite intrusion. Dravite formed from granite-derived Si- and B-bearing fluids on the slip surface during/after brittle deformation of carbonate which results in its finely acicular habitus. Its high-magnesian composition is controlled by the chemical composition of the host rock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whewellite was identified on fissures in central part of pelosiderite concretions and lenses at the Handlová coal deposit. It forms colourless to white crystalline aggregates together with vitreous lustre associated together with crystalline aggregates of quartz and fine-grained pyrite. Rarely well developed tabular to prismatic crystals (up to 1 cm) are present. Whewellite shows intense green-yellow fluorescence and phosphorescence in long-wave UV light. The unitcell parameters of whewellite refined from powder X-ray data are: a = 6.2925(6) Å, b = 14.5947(10) Å, c = 10.1230(2) Å, β = 109.446(8)° and V = 876.64(5) ų. An infrared spectrum of whewellite from Handlová is given. The bands of oxalate groups as well as molecular H2O were identified. Whewellite was formed as youngest phase in reductive environment with high activity of Ca2+ ions. Oxalic acid was formed by decomposition of organic matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrothermal anhydrite was found in short and up to 8 cm thick carbonate vein with base metal mineralization at the 12th level of the Banská Štiavnica epithermal base metal deposit, Slovak Republic. It occurs as pale-blue to colourless tabular crystals up to 3 cm in size, which are intergrown to form groups of parallel or radial aggregates together with calcite, sphalerite, galena and gypsum. The crystals have a vitreous to silky lustre and typical perfect cleavage. The following unit-cell parameters were refined from powder X-ray data of anhydrite: a = 6.2967(2) Å, b = 6.9770(2) Å, c = 6.2268(2) Å and V = 303.53(1) ų. An infrared absorption spectrum of anhydrite shows characteristic bands of antisymmetric stretching vibration modes (1157 and 1124 cm-1) and antisymmetric bending vibration modes (675, 613 and 596 cm-1) of SO4 tetrahedra. A weak band which was observed at 511 cm-1 represent most probably symmetric bending vibration of sulfate groups. Anhydrite together with gypsum represents products of relatively low-temperature solutions at the late stage of hydrothermal activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In their paper, authors analyzed average direct and indirect costs on diagnostics and treatment of acute tick encephalitis in Slovakia in economically active hospitalized patients (52 cases). Average direct and indirect costs on a single patient during hospitalization due to the diagnosis of tick encephalitis were 1 353.95 EUR. Authors pointed at possible financial impact on employers when rewarding the occupational disease in comparison to the costs related to active prevention of employees using vaccination. Basic rates of point evaluation related to pain in occupational diseases due to tick encephalitis are currently from 30 to 150 points and from 300 to 3000 points for impaired social engagement. 1 point correlated to 14.46 EUR in 2009. It is more beneficial for the employer to cover vaccination of the employee from 18 years until retirement (269.40 EUR) instead of rewarding the pain at lower rates of 30 points (433.80 EUR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supergene sulphur was found in the abandoned mine adit of the Chyžné-Herichová hydrothermal antimony deposit. Mostly it forms yellow rounded crystals up to 1 mm, rarely have some crystals skeletal habit. Sulphur crystals growth on the weathered stibnite, kermesite, valentinite in association with amorphous secondary minerals of Sb in vugs of quartz-stibnite veins. Crystals of sulphur sometimes have a skeletal habit. The unit-cell parameters of sulphur are a = 1.4645(6), b = 12.8602(6), c = 24.4554(15) Å and V = 3291.1(2) ų. Sulphur formed (sub)recently by the interaction of acid solutions which were produced by the weathering of pyrite or stibnite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Minerals of tourmaline group in veins are described from several occurrences (Predsvätodušna, Svätodušná, and Podlipa) in the area of the L'ubietová Cu-deposit. They have hydrothermal or hydrothermal-metamorphic origin and take a part in alpine paragenesis in association with quartz, albite, muscovite, chamosite, pyrite, rutile and other accessories. The chemical composition and fluid inclusions on tourmalines were examined. Tourmalines from L'ubietová are chemically homogeneous, and they belong to the alkali group with schorl to schorl/dravite composition. The FeMg-1 a Na(MgFe)↔-1Al-1 (foitite) substitutions have the strongest influence on the occupancy of the tourmaline structural sites X and Y. Fluid inclusions in schorl from the Podlipa deposit are formed by the aqueous solution and vapour phase. The homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions range from 122.3 °C to 226.9 °C (183.6 °C in average). The average ice-melting temperature was -6.6 °C, and the average salinity of fluid inclusions was 10.2 hm. % NaCl eq. (calculated from the ice-melting temperature). Chemical composition of tourmaline and results of fluid inclusion study indicate metamorphic origin of fluids and intermediate temperature of the tourmaline crystallization. Very high amount of inclusions and defects, weak zoning, dull colour and the cataclastic destruction of crystals disable any gemologic application of tourmalines from the L'ubietová deposit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]