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The diploma thesis deals with synthetic data, selected approaches to their generation together with a practical task of data generation. The goal of the thesis is to describe the selected approaches to data generation, capture their key advantages and disadvantages and compare the individual approaches to each other. The practical part of the thesis describes generation of synthetic data for teaching knowledge discovery using databases. The thesis includes a basic description of synthetic data and thoroughly explains the process of their generation. The approaches selected for further examination are random data generation, the statistical approach, data generation languages and the ReverseMiner tool. The thesis also describes the practical usage of synthetic data and the suitability of each approach for certain purposes. Within this thesis, educational data Hotel SD were created using the ReverseMiner tool. The data contain relations discoverable with SD (set-difference) GUHA-procedures.

During broadband modelling of selected events from the aftershock sequence of the l'Aquila earthquake using 1-D model of media, we observe interesting difference between model and real particle polarization on high frequencies. There are two basic types of these polarization disorders. Polarization of particle motion keeps its linear form, but changes its direction or linear polarization changes its linear form to circle polarization. It offers the explanation that these disorders of polarization occur due to the 3D heterogeneities in the crust. In this work, we analyze polarization of published synthetic seismograms modeled with random 3D heterogenitites. It has been shown that the biggest disorders occur in directions in which parcticle movement heads toward the source, and that we can find examples, which qualitatively explain observed polarization disorders.