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This thesis is about programming the economic logic for a 2D videogame about using economic policies for management of the business cycle and implementing that logic in to the videogame. The theoretical part of this thesis introduces the reader to the concept of videogames, programming, and game development in Unity and in general. The practical part of this thesis describes the process of converting the theory behind the effect of economic policies and world events on the business cycle into C# code and the implementation of this code into the videogame as well as programming the rules of the game.

The bachelor thesis focuses on the comparison of the profitability of selected collective investment funds in the context of the development of the Economic cyckle in the Czech republic. The thesis is devoted to financial market and the structure of the collective investment funds. It also focuses of Economic cycle, which, through main information about this problem, distribution and other regulations. Bachelor thesis also delas with financial market regulation in Czech republic. This work is based on analysis and comparison of the profitability of selected collective investment funds and economic cycle. The result is to valorize the link between the profitability of these funds and the economic cycle of the Czech republic.

Spáčilová E., Investments in shares of companies in the pharmaceutical indus-try and business cycle. Bachelor thesis. Brno: Mendel University in Brno, 2020. The text describes the profitability of the pharmaceutical industry through the development of stock prices. The theoretical part describes the subjects of research and the situation on the market of pharmacology, the division of producers accord-ing to the type of production, their specifics. In the research part is made a technical and fundamental analysis of the balance of profitability of individual entities on the stock market, their comparison with each other and with the business cycle. Finally, according to the obtained results, investment recommendations are given.

Šumbera, K. The influence income inequality on making investment decision. Bachelor thesis. Brno: Mendel University, 2019. In beginning this bachelor thesis I described different methods for measurement income inequality. After I researched development income inequality in OECD countries from II. World war by Gini coefficient. Next step were described basic and remarkable causes this development. In solution I have explained basic in-vestment rule and one of a few solutions for mitigated development income ine-quality. In the end I gave a few factors about current economic cycle for support my solution.

This diploma thesis deals with issues of economic cycles in the countries of the Visegrad Group. The main aim of this diploma thesis is to determine the rate of synchronization of economic cycles in the Visegrad Group countries and to determine the rate of synchronization of economic cycles of the Visegrad Group countries with the economic cycle of the European Union represented by the reference country in the form of Germany. The theoretical part deals in detail with the theoretical and methodological bases connected with the economic cycles as well as with the short presentation of the regional group of the Visegrad Group. The practical part describes the development of two basic macroeconomic indicators of each of the Visegrad Group countries, and then the wavelet analysis is applied on monthly data in 1991-2017 in order to determine the rate of synchronization of economic cycles among the Visegrad Group countries and in addition to determine no less important synchronization of economic cycles of these countries with Germany's economic cycle.

This bachelor´s thesis analyses changes in marketing costs depending on the stages of the business cycle. Especially a strategy of firms, which have to face an economic crisis in the years 2008-2013. Thesis sets a target how changed the investments of Czech companies to marketing in the period of crisis. Theoretical part engages in economic cycle, marketing environment and marketing in the period of economic crisis. In practical part are specific costs on advertisement in particular mediatypes in price list costs depending on the macroeconomics indicators. Then there are also analysis on turnover of media agencies and B2B market. From the analysis was found that if macroeconomics indicators decreasing, also marketing costs decreasing and vice versa, exception costs to internet advertising which are in expansion in whole period. Differences in marketing costs was not proved at big companies which produce consumer products, this conclusion was found in case study of five selected companies.

This diploma thesis deals with evaluation of current progress in nominal and structural convergence, and the alignment of the business cycle between CEE countries and Eurozone. Maastricht criteria, indexes of similarities in sectoral structures and theory of optimum currency areas are used for this purpose. There are also used alternative techniques for measuring alignment of the business cycle, which is beneficial to the width of the conclusions that this work produces. Selected techniques indicate process of convergence between CEE countries and Eurozone, but also indicate persisting differences between western and eastern part of EU, which in the case of sharing the common currency leads to the risk of asymmetric shock.

This thesis deals with the identification and synchronicity of business cycles of Germany and the neighboring countries. The business cycles of the countries was determined using GDP data. There are used two methods to estimate the output gap: Hodrick-Prescott filtr and the method of first order difference. To assess the synchronicity of business cycle in selected countries, a correlation analysis and concordance coefficient were used.

The theoretical part of the thesis introduces Austrian theory of business cycles and analyses equilibrium of savings and investments together with the transmission mechanism between savings, deposits, loans and investments. The practical part of the thesis explores business cycle and credit cycle. It analyses an excessive loan expansion of commercial banks together with a excessively expansive policy of central bank. The thesis deals with a procyclical action of commercial banks and contemporary tools of central bank with their limited effectiveness. Furthermore, the thesis analyses the possible adjustments of monetary policy with the emphasis on the macroprudential policy and its individual credit indicators. The end of the thesis deals with the method of credit rationing and with the imbalance between demand and supply at the credit market of non-financial corporations, which is modelled using the technique of disequilibrium model.

The aim of this thesis is to analyse the impacts of business cycles on individual segments of the automotive industry in the last 23 years in the Czech Republic. The areas analysed are sales and production of cars. Attention is also paid to the downstream industry of parts producers. The theoretical part deals with the theoretical approaches of the business cycle, basic methods of measurement cycles and, furthermore, theories related to the automotive industry. The analysis in the practical part is developed on this theoretical basis. The analytical section is divided in three parts according to three full cycles that went through the analysed time period. What was most apparent was the difference of every cycle. It is from this difference that the different impact of cycle on analysed indicators in each period comes. However, it is evident that the automotive industry is behaving procyclically. Most of the indicators are weakly or moderately cyclical, based on the correlation coefficient.

The February issue of Global Economic Outlook presents the regular monthly overview of recent and expected developments in selected territories, focusing on key economic variables: inflation, GDP growth, leading indicators, interest rates, exchange rates and commodity prices. In this issue we also consider how global imbalances in the world economy have changed since the start of the millennium in the context of the abating crisis period. The crisis has been reflected not only in a considerable worsening of the largest economies’ external positions (current account balances), but also in a deterioration of their domestic fiscal positions (public finance balances). Thus, an intensification of the twin deficit phenomenon is significantly complicating the process of reducing global imbalances in the world economy.

This bachelor thesis is focused on the methods of analysing an additive model of time series. The theoretical part is aimed on history of business cycle, structural and cyclic deflection and individual phases of business cycle. There are described individual theories of business cycle. Crisis as one of the phases is described closer. Further it introduces the methods used in practical part. The practical part contains analysis of individual time series. For example price of gold, LIBOR, PRIBOR, Gross domestic product and other. This time series are analysed by exponential smoothing, moving averages and other methods.

The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the contributions of the sections (NACE-CZ) to the creation of gross value added. The first part of this thesis described the theoretical concepts relating to national economic gross value added. Analytical processes were used for the calculations, which may be used only if we are dealing with an additive link between individual factors. The sections' contributions to the creation of national eco-nomic gross value added were evaluated in the practical part, on the basis of the proc-esses set forth in the methodology. In the given time horizon, contributions by institu-tional sectors and groups of sections classified according to the level of technology showed a certain dependency on the actual economic cycle. Although the strongest in-stitutional sector is non-financial enterprises, they were the ones most affected during the crisis period, together with government institutions. On the contrary, the financial institution sector showed a strong position during the crisis period. In terms of the grouping of the sections according to the level of technology, the greatest contribution to national economic gross value added is by groups B1 and B2. The influence of the economic cycle was noted in all the groups but, according to the results, group C did not react quite as sensitively as the other groups.

The aim of this thesis is to identify fiscal behaviour of municipalities in the Czech Republic within economic cycle. The starting point of this thesis is that municipalities do not have the responsibility for macroeconomic stability, unlike the central level of government, and their preference is sustainability of its own budget. Absence of a motivation for implementing the countercyclical policy leads to a consideration that the behaviour of municipalities is rather procyclical. For the analysis there were used datas of 325 municipalities during the time from 2001 to 2014. The research was designed to test the dependence of the budgetary indicator on the output gap. As a method of exploration there was used the panel regression analysis with random effects estimate for help with robust standard errors in the version of White cross-section method. The results confirmed a statistically significant effect of the output gap on the budgetary indicators, tax revenues, tax on personal income from self-employment and capital expenditures. With the growth of the output gap also tax revenues and revenues from taxes on a personal income from self-employment are growing. With the growth of the output gap capital expenditures are declining. These budgetary indicators are developed countercyclical. A statistically significant effect of the output gap on the other budgetary indicators failed to prove. The main hypothesis of this thesis is not rejected. Budgetary behaviour municipalities in the Czech Republic is influenced by the economic cycle. Fiscal behaviour of municipalities in the Czech Republic within economic cycle is countercyclical.

Document contains latest monetary policy developments at selected central banks and news. The Spotlight article "Brazil's ways out of crisis" focuses on economic and monetary developments in Brazil, which hosted this year’s Summer Olympic Games but whose economy is going through a deep recession. In our Selected Speech, the President and CEO of the St. Louis Fed James Bullard provides a new characterisation of the US economic outlook.

Bachelor thesis deals with social-pathological phenomenon of suicide. Due to the broad range of the topic, the scope of this work is reduced to the view of high schools and universities students. The main objective of this work is to determine whether young people hold the opinion that a free man who has the right to life should also have the right to die discretionary. Also whether they have ever thought about suicide as a solution of negative economic factors. Finally, compare the difference in opinions on the issue of students from high schools and universities in different years of study and not studying respondents. The theoretical part, which deals mainly with economic factors and the cost of suicide and the practical part where I carry out own research, where I try using the questionnaire to find out the importance of economic factors for respondents. The research says that the economic factors are very important even for students and that there is possibility they would thing about suicide due to these factors.

This thesis deals with influence of the economic cycle in the automotive industry in the Czech Republic in 2003 - 2014. It describes the basic economic theories of economic cycles. It analyzes the impact of the economy growth on the production of automobiles on overall production and also to individual automakers in the Czech Republic, particularly carmakers Škoda Auto, TPCA and Hyundai. It is compared with the situation of the Slovak Republic, Germany and the USA. It was also studied the impact of the economic cycle on the demand for new vehicles according to the number of first registrations of new cars. Also evaluated was the impact of "scrapping" on sales and production.

Bachelor thesis is focused on composite leading indicators of economic cycle. Concretely examines indicators compiled for the United States in the period from 2000 to 2013. The theoretical part provides a comprehensive view of the indicators produced by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, the Economic Cycle Research Institute, The Conference Board and the Federal Reserve System. In the practical part I analyze these indicators and examine their relationship with the Industrial Production Index. Composite Leading Indicator, Weekly Leading Index and Leading indicator predicted the crisis the best. At the end of the practical part, I create my own composite indicators, based on the metodology used by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.

Main objective of this diploma thesis is to analyze the business cycle in USA, Germany and Czech Republic in years 2005 -- 2014 and evaluate impacts on each economy and particularly on labor markets. Work contains circumstances of beginning of the world economic downturn, which hit the world economy during those years, impacts of the crisis on each economy and analysis of the stimulus packages passed by both central governments and central banks. Analysis and comparsion is made by monitoring the development of main macroeconomic indicators such as GDP growth, rate of unemployment and employment, public debt or inflation. Conclusion is that German labor market was struck the least of the three countries and it didnt suffer from high rates of unemployment or decrease of employment. That was achieved mostly because optimal labor market reforms which were done before the beginning of the crisis.

The thesis provides an appraisal of government spending in the countries of the European Union during a business cycle. The theoretical part is dedicated to fiscal policy and expert studies concerned with this area. This kind of studies points at the issue of wrong timing of fiscal policy not only in the developing countries, but also in some of the European Union countries. The practical part assesses government and investment spending in particular European countries and decides in which of them government spending is pro-cyclical and in which it has a counter-cyclical function. A closer look is then given to the analysis of fiscal policy in the Czech Republic.

The theoretical part includes access to economic and credit cycles in the context of economic theories. In the empirical part of the thesis examined the tightness of economic and credit cycles in individual countries of the European Union through the rolling correlations. For implementation of economic policy, it is important to know the direction of the cycles. Causality of cycles in Granger sense is determined by Granger exogeneity.

The diploma thesis titled Impact of business cycle on manufacturing industry in the Czech Republic deals with the manufacturing industrial production and its dependence on the current economic situation of two crucial trading partners of the Czech Republic, i.e. Federal Republic of Germany and France. At the very beginning the business cycle theory is defined, its evolution in selected countries is presented and the immense importance and great potential of the manufacturing industry in the Czech economy are described. Also, the given data are analysed and compared in order to find the relationship between the variables. Finally, the obtained results and outcomes are supported with a case study introducing a particular company and its figures.

This thesis aims to analyze the development of the Czech mechanical engineering during the trade cycle from 1970 to the present day. The introductory part establishes the theoretical framework in terms of the definition and history of mechanical engineering along with required macroeconomic identities, trade cycles theories and the transformation process. The second part analyzes and assesses the development of the Czech mechanical engineering in the periods before and after November 1989. First of all, an economic--political and technical framework is established. On the basis of the selected macro-economic and statistical indicators examines and illustrates the influence of recession on the given field. The final section focuses on the current condition of the Czech mechanical engineering. This part also examines the nature of the impact present geopolitical conflicts have on the Czech mechanical engineering. Finally, the thesis summarizes the outcomes and draws the conclusion that the Czech mechanical engineering is influenced by the trade cycle to a greater extent than the rest of the Czech economy. However, the influence varies within the two observed periods. The thesis thus offers a new and detailed view on a branch which has not been given sufficient space in other similar papers.

The main topic of my thesis is the problem of monitoring business cycles. Composite leading indicators are one of the options, how to make this monitoring. In my thesis I am going inside of the process of construction of composite leading indicator. I am comparing the methods of OECD, Eurostat and Conference Board. Special attention is dedicated to the methods of czech institutions as well. These methods are still being evolved and improved, which makes the analysis more difficult. Together with all the information about business cycle and economic policy in Czech republic between 1993-2015. I am judgeing the functionality of leading indicators for the monitoring of business cycle. Method of my analysis is SWOT analysis so the result of this thesis is mentioning of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threaths of the making and application of composite leading indicators.

This bachelor's thesis examines the Phillips curve from a few different points of view. It shows the econometric method that was used to construct the Phillips curve and explains why, from Austrian School of economics' point of view, this method isn't a valid approach to examining the nature of human action. It explains the connection between money supply and price level and discusses consequences of monetary expansion. Using the Austrian business cycle theory it explains the true relationship between rate of inflation and rate of unemployment and argues that in the long run, this relationship is positive. This hypothesis is also supported by empiric observation using Niskanen's model of the Phillips curve.

The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the impact of the global financial crisis on the economies of Ireland and Iceland. The theoretical part is focused on the theory of the business cycle at first and the associated characteristics of the financial crisis. Then a view of various economic schools on creating the budget deficit and public debt is described. In the practical part the pre-crisis period is analyzed, in which both countries have experienced an economic boom. At the same time, however, this period was accompanied by negative effects which amplified the impacts of the crisis. Despite a starting torque, the collapse of US bank Lehman Brothers, the thesis describes the collapse of the banking sector of both countries and their chosen government measures. Furthermore, the text deals with comparison of the impact of the crisis on the economies of Ireland and Iceland using selected economic indicators. The evaluation results are primarily focused on the current state of the economy and its expected future development. Although both countries managed to re-start economic growth, they still have to deal with some problems that the crisis left. In the case of Ireland it is largely of high government debt and unemployment, Iceland is struggling with set capital controls, currency volatility and associated price stability. Both states also trouble high private debt, restore of the banking sector and its confidence. However their prospects are positive and the situation should steadily improve. The hypothesis that Iceland's economy is doing better now and has more growth potential than the economy of Ireland, was refused based on the analysis and comparison of selected economic indicators.

This thesis deals with analysis and comparison of the business cycles of the Visegrad Group countries in the period 2004--2014. The subjects of the theoretical part are the phases, length and theoretical perspectives of economics schools to the business cycle. In next part of the theoretical part are descriptions of the macroeconomic indicators, by which the individual countries are analyzed and compared. The theoretical part is dedicated to the Visegrad Group itself. In line with the objective of the thesis, the practical part revealed that the highest and the most stable economic growth is reached by the Polish economy. In contrast, the Hungarian economy scored the worst economic performance during said period. Common problems of economies with high deficit in the current account balances (in which the Hungarian economy, which faced bankruptcy in 2008, is the worst) arise from the data findings. Another common feature of these compared the economics are the public budget deficits, which it negative is reflected in the mount of total public debt. The practical part contains closed prediction of development of each country for the years 2015 and 2016.

The thesis is focused on verifying the pro-cyclical relationship of sales of new passenger cars in the Czech Republic and Slovakia and the subsequent evaluation of the impact of macroeconomic variables in the period from the first quarter of 2005 to the third quarter of 2015. In total, there are four different models estimated of multiple linear regressions of car sales, where for the Czech R. the estimation of different sectors of households and firms is available as well. By comparing the Czech R. and Slovakia regarding aggregate sales, fuel prices and gross domestic products are especially crucial and the pro-cyclical relationship is successfully verified. The economic crisis at the turn of 2008-2009 hit especially Slovakia, while the effect in the Czech R. was offset by a positive shock to fuel prices. For the model of households the procyclical relationship is denied unlike from the model of firms, shock to GDP therefore only deviate sales to firms. For Czech R. is also confirmed a significant relationship of the sales with interest rate or population growth.

The basic question of this thesis was the relationship between the business cycle and the cinema attendance in the Czech Republic. Other questions are the effect of technological advances, household income and the impact of substitutes and complements to attendance. Similar questions have already examined several papers in different countries, but the results are not identical. The benefit of this work is examining the Czech industry, which from an economic point of view is not analyzed too often. The first part describes the relevant theories: the theory of the business cycle theory, theory of the consumer and demand. Another part contains a description of the analyzed sector, its historical development and an overview of studies that have worked on this issue. Following are two models: the first examining a total annual cinema attendance (1993 - 2013) and the second model focused on the average attendance per projection). In both models was studied cinema attendance dependence on the cyclical component of the unemployment rate and other variables. In both cases, the results suggest that attendance is procyclical. The amount of real wages has a positive impact on attendance. The impact of technological advances on the contrary negative.

This bachelor thesis deals with issues of the labour migration in the course of the economic cycle including of the influence of migration in the labour market in the South Bohemian region. The opening part of this paper explains characteristics of labour market, unemployment, politics of employment, economic cycle, theory of the labour migra-tion and commutation. The second part of the bachelor thesis describes the South Bohemian region, especially from the economic point of view. This part also involves main migration trends and tendencies of the selected region. The migration is monitored in the period from 2003 to 2013. The commutation is observed in the years 2001 and 2011 on the basic of the statistical data. The last chapter is based on the assessment of the influence of migration to the situation in the labour market in the South Bohemian region.

Bachelor theses examine the impact of economic factors on suicides in the Czech republic. Economic factors were included a gross domestic product per capita and an unemployment. The gross domestic product showed an indirect dependence on a suicide rate. On the contrary, the unemployment showed a direct dependence on the suicide rate. Other variables affected suicides were a birth rate and a divorce rate. The divorce rate and the birth rate showed the same dependence as the unemployment. The birth rate showed opossite values than was assumption. The relationship between a consumption of alcohol and the suicide rate was not proved and the relationship between a migration rate and the suicide rate was also not proved. This bachelor theses confirmed the influence of economic factors on the suicide rate. The results can be specified by extending of time series.

The subject of this bachelor thesis is the investigation of media influence on Behavioral Aspects of Individuals in the time of economic growth and decrease. The theoretical part deals with related economic issues, functioning of mass media and a methods of interfernce used by mass media institutes. The practical part continues into the findings of the theoretical part, its goal is, by distributing a questionnaire, finding the level of mass media influence and how the individuals percieve mass media. In the last part of this bachelor thesis are summerized practical recommendations for increasing the public awareness on this very topic.

Koliba, T. Pokles dynamiky úvěrů v ČR po finanční krizi - Problém nabídky nebo poptávky peněz? Diploma thesis. Brno: Mendel University, 2013. This diploma thesis focuses on the issue of credit crunch. It examines whether this phenomenon has striked the Czech credit market during the recession in 2008/2009. The empirical part of this work concentrates on time series analysis. Particularly, a linear regression model is created, that describes the determinants of credit supply and credit demand. Then, using Granger noncausality (exogenity), the work describes relationship between economic activity and credit volume. The outcome of this thesis is to recommend to the management of commercial banks, how to deal with decrease of credit volume in terms of a recession.

The thesis is focused on the progress of municipality revenues of municipality. There are several posible dependencys on: government sector and on tax revenues. Tax revenues are depend on the law of budgetary distribution of taxes. Tax buoyancy is calculated only for several chosen that are important for municipality budget. There are also considered irrecoverably revenues, wchich adjust the distribution of grands. It dependence on grown province of municipality. Thesis researches period of time between 19982012. Revenues volatility might be caused by amendment (retirement laws or budgetary distribution of taxes) and by economic cycle. Almoust all from kinds of revenues showed more dependency on economic cycle than on changes of government laws. The only exeption is property tax which grew even in time of economic crises becouse of amendment of law 2009.

This thesis deals with the identification and synchronicity of business cycles in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic. There are used two methods to estimate the cyclical components: the Hodrick-Prescott filter and the method of first logarithmic difference. The economic cycle is approximated using two indicators: gross domestic product and industrial production index. To assess the synchronicity of the Czech and Slovak economic cycles is used correlation analysis.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to verify a connection between macroeconomic development and energy sector. This connection is examined with the data from the Czech Republic and with the data from Austria, both in the years 2000 - 2012. The theoretical part describes energetics as a natural monopoly and a resource of externalities. It includes the theory of monitoring the business cycle and financial analysis of companies. The first half of the practical part compares macroeconomic development of the Czech Republic and the ČEZ group. The similar comparison is made with Austria and the Verbund company. Second half of the practical part explains how economic policies influence the Czech energetics. This impact is being studied in terms of legislation, regulations, monetary and fiscal policy. The practical part ends with rating and valuation of costs that arise from the main energy resources. The link between energetics and macroeconomic development was discovered and proved thanks to the doubled analysis used in the thesis.

This thesis deals with the determinants of youth unemployment It uses the panel data regression analysis of EU countries. The work assembled models with the dependent variable the unemployment rate and the model is estimated for each demographic group. The models are represented by institutional variables, the macro-economic variables, demographic variables and variables representing education. The goal is to prove or disprove the hypothesis that individual determinants affect differently to the youth unemployment rate and unemployment rate of main age group. Partial task is to answer the question whether more significant determinants of unemployment rate are institutional or macro-economic determinants. The result of the analysis work is that institutional factors are not important determinants of unemployment rate. Conversely, macro-economic variables, GDP growth and inflation are significant determinants. Significant determinants are also variables representing education. The estimated coefficients of these significant determinants and variables employment labor protection and the tax rate are higher for young people than for the main age group. However, there was not found determinant that would be robustly more significant for youth than for main age group.

The goal of this thesis is to empirically test connection between diaper consumption and business cycle. The analysis is based on real sell out data from period 2004-2013. Procyclical evolution of diapers consumption and procyclical evolution of household expenditures on diapers has been proved in the thesis. Substitution of branded products with cheaper variants of private label has not been proved in the Czech Republic. It has been proved that private label market share behaves procyclically, probably due to lower price difference between branded products and private label in times of recession and vice versa

The aim of thesis is to analyze the development of the national economy of Iceland in the period 1994-2013. In addition to the reasons for the collapse of the banking sector thesis examines the way the state handled the situation. The theoretical part deals with the theory of the national economy, the characteristics of the main macroeconomic aggregates, the current banking system and selected theories of the business cycle. The practical part presents economic and political characteristics of Iceland. It is followed by main analysis divided into two periods, each of which contains an analysis of the legal framework, institutional provision, development of key macroeconomic aggregates and a separate chapter devoted to the development of the banking sector. Research suggests that the overheating of the economy occurred due to the extreme expansion of the banking sector, expansionary fiscal policy and inappropriate monetary policy of the central bank. The State had to seek the help of the International Monetary Fund during the crisis. There has been introduction of capital controls to stabilize the exchange rate. The state let the banking sector go bankrupt and created new domestic banks. Subsequently fiscal indicators were stabilized, but not at the expense of the needy and households. The business cycle in Iceland is best described by the Financial instability hypothesis.

This thesis tries to describe origin of Icelandic crisis from 2008 and tries to explain whether it was caused by liberalisation of Icelandic market or by excessive monetary and fiscal interventions. Analysis of behaviour of free market subjects and analysis of policy of central bank and government couldn't clearly accept or reject the hypotheses that the crisis was caused by liberalisation. On the other hand the thesis sees chosen policy of government and central bank as a main contributor to the break out of the crisis. This assumption is in accordance with theoretical and practical study of most important monetary and fiscal interventions implemented in Iceland

Potential output is used as the indicator of the business cycle. The aim of this study is to compare the results of different methods used for estimating potential output and verify the hypothesis that potential output or rather the output gap can serve as a reliable indicator to determine the phase of the business cycle in the Czech Republic in the years 1996-2012. 6 different methods - linear trend, Hodrick-Prescott filter, Baxter-King filter, Butterworth filter, Kalman filter and the production function have been used to estimate potential output. The output gap was determined based on the estimated potential output. The comparison of the results of all methods has confirmed the same development trend of potential output. All the methods for estimating potential output, except Butterworth filter, have showed that their results are good indicators of the business cycle in the Czech Republic.

stract Abstract The aim of this thesis is to compare the responses of the two largest economies in the world - the U.S. and the EU -- to economic, debt and financial crisis that began in 2007 on U.S. mortgage markets, respectively, confirm or disprove the hypothesis that the United States deal with the crisis better. For this purpose the thesis describes the causes and consequences of the crisis on which was applied measures at EU level and at the level of the USA. The list of these measures is also presented in the thesis. To decide whether the hypothesis is correct or not is at the thesis analyzed the impact of the measures implemented to both economics. This analysis is based on monitoring the development of statistical indicators of major macroeconomic aggregates - especially the GDP, unemployment and public debt, and quantification of bailouts for the financial sector. Based on the above analysis, the present work confirmed the hypothesis.

The aim of the diploma thesis is to analyze the economic cycle in the Czech republic since 2000. Theoretical-methododological part of this thesis is consist of the theories of economic cycle, kinds of economic policy and indicators of external and internal policy, which will be used later in the analysis. In the practical part I focuse on the cause of the crisis, its expansion to the Europe and as well on Germany as the economics which influences the cycle of Czech republic, which is the fact I prove statisticaly in my thesis. The analysis of indicators of czech economics is carried out trend indicators included. The conclusion and the aim which have been fulfilled is identification and evaluation of business policy of Czech republic and the suggestion of next steps leading to the improvement of the state of the economics.

There are many regional development theories already dealing with development of regional differences and their trends. In the European context is regional development linked with terms like convergence/divergence and related to the basic principles of the European Union Cohesion Policy, which goal is a higher level of integration and compensation of regional differences among member states' regions. Currently is this topic closely associated with last years' significant phenomenon - the economical crisis. The aim of this thesis is to compare the regional development among the European Union member states during the recent economical crisis by analysing regional differentiation on levels NUTS 2 and NUTS. The regional differentiation was calculated using two variability indices (Theil index and the coefficient of variation) and based on the unemployment rate and Gross Domestic Product per capita. Arising from the main hypothesis the bimodality of old versus new member states was partially confirmed, which was more evident using the unemployment rate. Finally the cluster analysis was used to create groups of states on the basis of similarity in the development of differentiation during the crisis. The results didn't show significant dependence according to the proposed hypotheses. The real impact of the...

In accordance with its main goal, the main thesis shows which published data and indicators contemporary financial markets use to assess the state of major economies and forecast their short-term future development. Using Bloomberg as the primary source, the thesis provides a detailed analysis of the indicators and surveys sought by finance professionals when assessing the performance of the economy in the United States, the euro-zone (with emphasis on Germany) and, in the context of the impact on the global economy and markets, in China and Japan. A preliminary hypothesis about the similarity or closeness between the theoretical view and the practical approach of financial markets has been refuted. Instead, after close scrutiny and detailed analysis, we have established that financial markets put great emphasis on forward-looking indicators and monetary policy. This emphasis was confirmed by a survey of local investors. Using expert opinion and analysis, the thesis charts an overview of select economic indicators and their over- (payrolls, consumer sentiment) or undervaluation (regional Fed activity indexes, CFNAI).

The thesis focuses on the issue of individuals' preferences regarding the acquisition of a child during the business cycle expressed in unemployment rates for men and women. Fixed effects model involving robust estimates of standard deviations on a panel dataset tested for the period 1980-2012 confirmed the significance of the relationship between sex-specific unemployment rates and fertility rate of the United States of America. The results of the analysis show a negative relationship documenting pro-cyclical nature of the fertility. There is a less willingness of couples to conceive a child with the growth in unemployment. It does not show the prevalence of substitution effect of reducing opprtunity costs for women during the recession over the effect of reduction in income. Among other statistically significant variables that affect fertility belong the degree of attainment of university education, the poverty rate and abortion rate.

This thesis deals with short-term relationship between fiscal policy and the real economy. Thesis is divided into three thematic units. In the first part through the analysis of studies examining the size of fiscal multipliers concludes, that depending on the assumptions and selected time period is the size of the multipliers greater in economic recessions, at zero interest rates of central banks or bigger taciturnity of the economy. The multipliers for the Czech Republic are low and did not exceed the value of one. The thesis also analyzes the development of public finances in the years 1997 - 2013 and identifies as their basic problem the structural nature of deficits. As a possible tool to improve the inclination of public finance to the budget deficits are identified fiscal rules limiting public spending. This rule is fully compatible with the Stability and Growth Pact and meets the basic requirements - the clarity and flexibility.

This thesis tries to describe government help to economy during the period of crisis in years 2006 -- 2013 in USA and Iceland with regard to Austrian business cycle theory. This thesis stands critical toward connection of fiscal and monetary policy and their activist policy because this policy was one of the causes of economical fluctuation in last years. Help of fiscal policy connected with monetary policy took primarily form of providing liquidity to financial sector and granting government guarantees to financial institutions and bailing out their risky assets. Regulatory measures are subjected to closer analysis and are commented according to data analysis.