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Given this indissoluble jumble of definitions in Jung - which continues to this day in analytical psychology - I suggested in the Report that Jung's theory of archetypes should not be considered as a coherent theory, but as at least four different theories, which are confounded with each other in Jung's works. This leads me to suspect that Goodwyn equates archetype with instinct, which, as I have shown above, is a partial aspect of Jung's archetype theory but which is incompatible with other aspects of the same theory. In addition, it is still completely unclear which elements a catalogue of archetypes would contain - according to Jung's own statement, the number of archetypes is even unlimited (Jung [17], para. Jung however makes clear that archetypes arise without any influence from environment, experience etc. (Jung [18], paras. [Extracted from the article]

Nowadays the prediction and change of waste-related behaviors represent a key topic for scholars and policy makers. The theoretical mainstays applied to waste separation behavior, such as the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the Norm Activation Model and the Value Belief Norm, do not include the construct of goal in their formulation. Other goal-focused theories, such as the Goal Systems Theory (GST), lack applications on separation behavior. Recently, Ajzen and Kruglanski (2019) have proposed the Theory of Reasoned Goal Pursuit (TRGP) which combines TPB and GST. Considering TRGP has the potential to offer further insights on human behavior and, to our knowledge, there is no application of TRGP to recycling behavior yet, this paper analyses waste separation behavior of households in Maastricht and Zwolle (The Netherlands) under the lens of TRGP. Although waste separation behavior represents a kind of habitual behavior, this paper highlights the influence of goals and motivation on intention to separate waste. Furthermore, it offers some indications to promote behavior change and some suggestions for future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though a computer professional, Meredith Broussard feels "that the way people talk about technology is out of touch with what digital technology can actually do", and that seeing the latter as a panacea has "resulted in a tremendous amount of poorly designed technology" (6), which needlessly complicates instead of improving or making life easier. Artificial Unintelligence: How Computers Misunderstand the World: by Meredith Broussard, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, 2019, 248 pp., $15.95T/£12.99 (paper) Supported by extensive research, I Artificial Unintelligence i cogently challenges the prevailing technophile hype extolling the unlimited ways in which technology supposedly can "change the world for the better" and create a digital utopia with infinite benefits in every area of life. [Extracted from the article]

Daniel M. Gross's assessment of Martin Heidegger's Marburg lectures on Aristotle, as well as Philip Melanchthon's reflections on rhetoric are substantial and original. Being-Moved: Rhetoric as the Art of Listening: by Daniel M. Gross, Oakland, University of California Press, 2020, viii + 250 pp., $85.00/ 66.00 (cloth), $34.95/ 27.00 (paper), $34.95/ 27.00 (ebook) To demonstrate this point, Daniel M. Gross, in the first chapter, begins his discussion with a re-evaluation of German phenomenologist Martin Heidegger's I Basic Concepts of Aristotelian Philosophy i ( I Grundbegriffe der aristotelischen Philosophie i ), a lecture course given at the University of Marburg in 1924. [Extracted from the article]

Many theories of motivation recognize a person's identity adds value to the prediction of behavior; albeit indirectly, through constructs such as social norms, self-efficacy, perceived behavioral control, and values. Recently, behavioral research has more directly assessed the influence of identity on behavior; however, it is unclear whether such research aligns with the theoretical establishments of identity. This review investigated the identity theory alignment of existing behavior research by systematically searching, screening, and reviewing identity-behavior relevant papers, across three behavioral psychology databases. Twenty-three papers meet the inclusion criteria for review (original research with a primary focus on identity and behavior, within healthy adult population), and data relating to identity-behavior theoretical viewpoints, research methods, and study findings were extracted and synthesized to provide a scoping overview of current research. Most reviewed papers presented identity as a loosely defined construct; commonly operationalized as social identity, omitting the theorized multiplicity of social and self-identities. Overall outcomes suggested that identity influences behavior indirectly through intention strength, rather than directly as a post-intention mechanism. While existing research has been crucial in illuminating potential influences of identity on behavior, there is a need to strengthen current understandings and theoretical alignments within future research relating to identity and behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Gemini Papers, an assignment for undergraduate student-teams when planning and doing a lab experiment, welcomed subjective insights not normally captured in a more traditional, objective lab report. Students wrote short, reflective, first-person accounts, articulating the messiness of experimentation. Applying the four-quadrant integral ecology model with its multiple perspectives of knowing, they began to form understandings and make meaning gained through observation and testing, as well as by trusting intuitions, crazy notions and missteps too. Students examined their processes of both their lived and lab experiences while explicitly twinning natural and social science to embrace countless and complex ways knowledge is arrived at and intelligence is viewed and valued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the implementation of artificial neural networks (multilayer perceptron [MLP] and radial base functions [RBF]) and the upgraded Markov chain model have been studied and performed to identify the human behavior patterns during rock, paper, and scissors game. The main motivation of this research is the design and construction of an intelligent robot with the ability to defeat a human opponent. MATLAB software has been used to implement intelligent algorithms. After implementing the algorithms, their effectiveness in detecting human behavior pattern has been investigated. To ensure the ideal performance of the implemented model, each player played with the desired algorithms in three different stages. The results showed that the percentage of winning computer with MLP and RBF neural networks and upgraded Markov model, on average in men and women is 59%, 76.66%, and 75%, respectively. Obtained results clearly indicate a very good performance of the RBF neural network and the upgraded Markov model in the mental modeling of the human opponent in the game of rock, paper, and scissors. In the end, the designed game has been employed in both hardware and software which include the Zana intelligent robot and a digital version with a graphical user interface design on the stand. To the best knowledge of the authors, the precision of novel presented method for determining human behavior patterns was the highest precision among all of the previous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This short book by Lorraine Daston is a classic essay: she identifies an intellectual conundrum - why do humans across cultures and history look to nature for models for cultural norms and orders? What we are referring to when appealing to a "natural order", then, is the existence not of I one i particular natural order but of normativity as such. The text is an outtake and deepening of central ideas Daston developed in her I Wonders and the Order of Nature, 1150-1750 i (with Katharine Park; Zone Books, 1998). [Extracted from the article]

A simple operational model could allow one person to monitor all around us to ensure security and privacy, while maintaining cost and performance of management and getting it right. This inspection with realtime video monitoring function can be sent to hospitals or nursing homes for the sick and elderly, as well as various people working in important area such as airport. In we decided to use the YOLOv4 (You Only One See One) algorithm, which is the newest and fastest of the total algorithms for fast analysis of actions and accurate results when dealing with complex human behaviour. This method uses a bounding box to indicate the action. In these cases, we collected 4,674 different data from different hospitals or different cases, making the most accurate use of one of the largest datasets used in this type of project. When we research, we divide our actions into three different classes: standing, sitting, and walking. Model can control and analyse the activities of many patients or other normal people, and support can monitor the activities of many. After completing three projects, the model achieved an average accuracy of 94.6667. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

9 Kunst, Bojana (2015) Artist at Work: Proximity of art and capitalism, Winchester: Zero Books. What you will experience in the next few pages arises from our desire to partly document and partly revisit, share and continue a dialogue that we began as part of our performative presentation "Meeting Again: Dramaturgy as a practice of lateral movement" for the UniArts Futures Lecture Series (2020). 10 Manchev, Boyan (2015) ' The new arachne: Towards a poetics of dynamic forms ', Performance Research 20 (1): 18 - 26. doi: 10.1080/13528165.2015.991590 11 Morrison, Harun (2020) ' When and where to become a spider?. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: The correct interaction between the workforce and augmented, virtual, and mixed reality technologies represents a crucial aspect of the success of the smart factory. This interaction is, indeed, affected by the variability of human behavior and its reliability, which can strongly influence the quality, safety, and productivity standards. For this reason, this paper aims to provide a clear and complete analysis of the impacts of these technologies on the worker’s performance. Design/methodology/approach: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted to identify peerreviewed papers that focused on the implementation of augmented and virtual technologies in manufacturing systems and their effects on human performance. Findings: In total, 61 papers were selected and thoroughly analyzed. The findings of this study reveal that augmented, virtual and mixed reality can be applied for several applications in manufacturing systems with different types of devices, that involve various advantages and disadvantages. The worker’s performances that are influenced by the use of these technologies are above all time to complete a task, error rate, and mental and physical workload. Originality/value: Over the years augmented, virtual and mixed reality technologies in manufacturing systems have been investigated by researchers. Several studies mostly focused on technological issues, have been conducted. The role of the operator, whose tasks may be influenced positively or negatively by the use of new devices, has been hardly ever analyzed and a deep analysis of human performance affected by these technologies is missing. This study represents a preliminary analysis to fill this gap. The results obtained from the SLR allowed us to develop a conceptual framework that investigates the current stateof-the-art knowledge about the topic and highlights gaps in the current research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Brain lateralization is associated with human behavior. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the effects of brain lateralization on the scores of paranormal beliefs. Methods: The study population included 180 students of Sanandaj universities, Sanandaj City, Iran who were selected with convenience sampling method (100 left-brained males, 6 left-brained females, 56 both left- and right-brained males and 22 both left- and right-brained females). The research tools were the paranormal belief scale developed by Blackmore (1994), as well as the brain lateralization questionnaire (1985). Results: The obtained findings suggested a significant difference between the left-brain and right-brained people in terms of paranormal beliefs. A significant difference was also found between the left-brained males and both left- and right-brained females in terms of paranormal beliefs. Conclusion: The paranormal beliefs of the left-brained cases were different from both left- and right-brained subjects, which can be seen between the left-brained males and both left- and right-brained females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanostructured composites built with microporous cellulose fibers and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have potential impacts in the fields of energy storage, sensors, and flexible electronics. Few results have been shown for high mechanoelectrical sensitivity of CNT‐paper composite because of numerous current paths in the network. Here, CNT‐paper‐based nanostructured composite sensors whose sensitivities are generated by controlled tensile fracture of the composite are presented. Under uniaxial load, the cellulose fibers in the paper experience straightening, stiffening, and fracture. The cellulose fibers originally parallel to the tension are fractured while those inclined and perpendicular to the tension are reorganized to form crossbar junctions in the vicinity of a crack. The cross junctions exhibit resistive and capacitive sensitivity to the out‐of‐plane force by the compression of the junctions. Such piezoresistive and piezocapacitive sensitivities are characterized and evaluated for human behavior monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is an active community that aims at advancing knowledge in the design, development, and application of novel methods, tools, and techniques for HCI. The special issue on "New Frontiers in Multimedia-based and Multimodal HCI" considers research in the area of multimedia-based and multimodal systems for advanced human-computer interaction (HCI) for exploring and expanding on its frontiers. The authors tested the proposed framework to evaluate an Augmented Reality app for smartphones and assess if it could be useful to stimulate interest and awareness about the specific urban area where it is used. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: Attitudes and aptitudes play an important role in the acceptance of hearing aids. We can objectively and subjectively examine the attitude of individuals toward hearing loss and hearing aids, using Attitudes towards Loss of Hearing Questionnaire (ALHQ). The aim of this study was to examine the effect of demographic factors on the responses of individuals to ALHQ and to compare the scores of the questionnaire between hearing aid users and hearing aid non-users. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 100 hearing-impaired participants. They were divided into hearing aid users and non-users groups. After hearing assessments, the participants were asked to complete the questionnaire; then, the responses of the two groups were compared and the effects of demographic factors on the responses were examined. Results: The questionnaire scores in the hearing aid non-users were higher than the hearing aid users. The results showed a reverse correlation between the history of hearing aid usage and the scores of the questionnaire. There was also a reverse correlation between the mean score of pure tone thresholds in the left ear with the scores of the questionnaire in the hearing aid users. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between the type of hearing aid and the scores of the questionnaire. Conclusion: Hearing aid non-users have a more negative attitude toward hearing aids and are more likely to deny their hearing loss compared to hearing aid users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a systematic review of research on predicting human behavior through unstructured textual data, employing a comprehensive selection process illustrated in a flow diagram. The review categorizes 82 selected papers into three primary behavioral domains: emotional, social, and cognitive. Each paper undergoes meticulous examination, identifying objectives, algorithms, computational models, and applications. Natural language processing (NLP) emerges as a dominant text mining approach, utilized in over half of the literature, followed by data extraction, report arrangement, and clusterization. The study further employs VOSviewer to visualize the co-occurrence of the term "text mining," revealing prevalent associations and emphasizing the challenges in analyzing unstructured data efficiently. The article contributes to understanding the evolving landscape of behavior analysis through text mining, addressing the need for automated methods in evaluating individuals' attitudes, emotions, or performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many theories of motivation recognize a person's identity adds value to the prediction of behavior; albeit indirectly, through constructs such as social norms, self-efficacy, perceived behavioral control, and values. Recently, behavioral research has more directly assessed the influence of identity on behavior; however, it is unclear whether such research aligns with the theoretical establishments of identity. This review investigated the identity theory alignment of existing behavior research by systematically searching, screening, and reviewing identity-behavior relevant papers, across three behavioral psychology databases. Twenty-three papers meet the inclusion criteria for review (original research with a primary focus on identity and behavior, within healthy adult population), and data relating to identity-behavior theoretical viewpoints, research methods, and study findings were extracted and synthesized to provide a scoping overview of current research. Most reviewed papers presented identity as a loosely defined construct; commonly operationalized as social identity, omitting the theorized multiplicity of social and self-identities. Overall outcomes suggested that identity influences behavior indirectly through intention strength, rather than directly as a post-intention mechanism. While existing research has been crucial in illuminating potential influences of identity on behavior, there is a need to strengthen current understandings and theoretical alignments within future research relating to identity and behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An editorial is presented in the Journal of West African Languages, celebrating Volume 50 as a jubilee edition that combines usual volumes into one. Topics include diverse linguistic areas such as phonetics, morphology, and sociolinguistics, with specific papers exploring West African language vowel systems, Igbo vowel elision and assimilation, and Yorùbá noun ontological annotation.

I argue that Alexander Hamilton offers a previously underappreciated contribution to the debate over presidential selfpardons. Federalist Nos. 69 and 70 have been used in Supreme Court pardon cases and the scholarly literature on self-pardons in a limited and narrow fashion. This limited usage has resulted in a blinkered view of the presidential pardon power, one that understates the limitations on this broad--but not unlimited--executive power. Federalist Nos. 69 and 70 reveal that the framers would likely not have supported a presidential power to selfpardon; such a power would place the president above federal law and render inoperative the people's ability to hold the president accountable for his or her actions through legal prosecution. Based on Hamilton's writings in Federalist Nos. 69 and 70, the ability to prosecute the president played an important--albeit secondary--role in checking the power of the president and encouraging appropriate behavior on the part of the nation's chief executive. Hamilton's views regarding the necessity of such checks on presidential power jibe with the framers' views on human nature generally, and when combined with other available evidence--historical, textual, and structural--Hamilton's arguments offer an important and especially compelling contribution to the case against presidential self-pardons. At a minimum, this article makes a strong case for the inclusion of heretofore under-emphasized and often excluded portions of The Federalist Papers in any analysis of presidential self-pardons and analyses of the pardon power broadly speaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the design and ethical considerations of social robots in human-robot interaction (HRI). The authors argue that social robots should have an honest design that accurately reflects their capabilities and aligns with user needs in specific use cases. They suggest that an honest design can reduce uncertainty and shape users' expectations during interaction. The article raises questions about categorizing user needs, adjusting a robot's capabilities, perceiving a robot with an honest design, and developing an evaluation framework for a robot's affordances, capabilities, and usability. [Extracted from the article]

This paper deals with Edward Soja’s thirding-as-othering process that is part of the thirdspace experience proposed by Soja’s spatial theory of subjectivity. According to the paper, both the enlightening milieu of the thirdspace and the thirding-as-othering process can significantly function as therapeutic elements of rejuvenating man’s mental resources that are fatigued and exhausted by the psychological case of ego depletion. In this respect, keeping a link between the psychological theory of ego depletion and Soja’s thirdspace, the paper suggests an interdisciplinary therapeutic approach that is both philosophical and psychological. Therefore, tracing the potential specifications and implications of rejuvenating man’s depleted mental resources, the study proposes a self-regulation plan according to which the individual can gain insight in different patterns of human behavior that are used as suggestive rejuvenating role models. The patterns provided by the thirding-as-othering process together with the motivation and willpower created there can help the individual to shrug off the state of ego-depletion and recharge his worn-out mental powers in light of the insight and enlightenment he can acquire within the framework of his discovered thirdspace. Accordingly, the Third Space is recommended as a human enhancing area of self-discovery and a therapeutic and rejuvenating one as well that could be regarded as a replication of what Aldo Leopard calls the “land of ethics” . To further establish its argument, the paper applies its proposed hybrid approach to Albert Camus’s The Stranger. This is critically done with some questions in mind concerning manifestations of ego depletion, the way the novel portrays its ego depleted characters, their thirdspaces and the relevant emergent suggestive alternatives and manifestations of the rejuvenation of their depleted mental resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a rationale and convention for discussing the true limits and interpretation of data collected using unidimensional, summated, Likert-type, and attitudinal scales used in research investigating human behavior, sociology, education, psychology, and other related fields of study. All vague quantifiers must be described in methods and findings. The true limits of the scale and of each vague quantifier should be described. This information should be placed in the methods section. A five-point summated scale, for example, can be interpreted as follows: Strongly Agree = 5 - 4.51, Agree = 4.5 - 3.51, Neither Agree nor Disagree = 3.5 - 2.51, Disagree = 2.5 - 1.51, Strongly Disagree = 1.5 - 1. This paper also provides a rationale and convention for the use of nonstandardized effect size (ES) estimates to describe the magnitude and strength of the effect. This is accomplished by subtracting one summated M from another summated M and interpreted using the following convention: Small (ES = .19 and lower); Medium (ES = .20 - .49); and Large (ES = .50 and higher). The rationale for this is based on the intuitiveness of the measure, true limits of the scale, and scale intervals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to present the impact of employees’ perception of distributive, procedural, interpersonal and informational justice on their behaviour and attitude in a workplace. Design/methodology/approach: The paper is theoretical and cognitive, grounded in an extensive literature review encompassing theoretical, review, and empirical studies on the impact of perception of justice on employee attitude. Findings: Human resources management must take into account employees’ perception of: distributive, procedural, interpersonal and informational justice that refer to decisions taken by companies towards employees and results that come from these decisions, because this perception influences the behaviours and attitudes in a workplace. Practical implications: This research will allow a better understanding of human behaviour in the context of work. Perception of justice by employees influences behaviours and attitudes in a workplace and these behaviours and attitudes directly translate onto companies’ financial results. Social implications: The research shows how perception of organizational justice may psychologically impact individuals so that they demonstrate positive behaviours (greater satisfaction from work and organizational engagement) or so that they do not demonstrate dysfunctional behaviours (retaliatory behaviour). Originality/value: The research has shown that perception of organizational justice (distributive, procedural, interpersonal and informational) has an impact on employees’ attitudes and behaviours in a workplace. This research is addressed to persons who hold managerial positions and those managing people’s teams, to HR specialists and persons who implement human resources management systems in companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document discusses the use of computational simulation in crisis and disaster management. It highlights the advantages of simulation models in examining alternative strategies and predicting the effects of changes in real-world systems. The document also acknowledges the challenges in incorporating realistic human behavior, increasing acceptability of simulation models, and creating multi-scale models. The special issue focuses on current real-world problems and includes papers on topics such as epidemics, seismic crises, population sheltering management, and mass evacuation. Two companion papers on airport evacuation and the Syrian refugee crisis are also mentioned. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study published in Nature Human Behaviour has revealed that the ornaments worn by ice age hunters in Europe 30,000 years ago may have signaled membership in specific cultures. The study compared thousands of handcrafted beads and adornments from various sites and identified at least nine distinct cultures across Europe during this time. The research challenges previous assumptions and highlights the importance of archaeology in understanding ancient populations. The study also suggests that genetic and cultural boundaries were porous, with shared ancestry not always aligning with similar jewelry choices. [Extracted from the article]

It is unfortunate that Appadurai and Alexander decided to limit the focus to the problems of "late capitalism", as they see it. I came to this book expecting not to like it, but with the hope that I would learn something of value about the nature of failure. Rather, Appadurai and Alexander instead use the phrase to mean a situation when a market system leads to an undesirable outcome. [Extracted from the article]

In this paper, we reviewed 126 papers published in 13 top journals in information systems from 2008 to 2022 that focused on the adoption of social networking sites (SNS) and its consequences. The paper presents a summary of the literature review. The literature review indicated that most scholars studied the adoption and the consequences of SNS adoption in silos. Human behavior is complex. Skinnerian behaviorism posits that human behavior is triggered by environmental stimulus and reinforced by an appraisal of consequences to the behavior. It evinces a need for the development of an integrative framework to model the stimulus for adoption of SNS and an appraisal of the reinforcement of the consequences of adoption in a single frame. We analyze the associated constructs and theories to propose the integrative Social Networking Site Exploitation Framework (SNSEF), based on reinforcement theory, social psychology, and social capital theory. The SNSEF constitutes nine propositions to explain human motivations and behavior that leads to value creation on SNS. SNS providers will find the framework useful to assess human motivations of SNS usage and the value generation from the sites to design appropriate features of their sites to attract and retain active users. The SNSEF will help educational and business organizations as well as governmental agencies in designing appropriate policies for SNS adoption and exploiting SNS for communication. Business managers and marketers may leverage the SNSEF to understand user behavior on SNS to attain business goals. Academic scholars may gain from the literature review, propositions of the SNSEF, and the future research directions presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a great privilege to publish Estela Welldon's remarkable meditation on living and dying, a paper she has worked on over many years. The Estela Welldon Prize will complement our established Rozsika Parker Prize, which, as readers know, focuses on a critical engagement with questions of creativity in clinical or applied analytic work. Please contact Joan Fogel and Sue Hirst, BJP Editorial Boardjoan@fogel.co.ukhirstsuem@gmail.com ESTELA WELLDON PRIZE The I British Journal of Psychotherapy i is delighted to announce the establishment of the Estela Welldon Prize. [Extracted from the article]

The Fulker Award was established by the Behavior Genetics Association in memory of David Fulker, a past President of the Association and Executive Editor of the journal, who died in 1998 (Hewitt [2]). Six different papers were nominated by the Associate Editors; this year there was an emphasis on outstanding human empirical and methodological papers, and several that combined both topics. [Extracted from the article]

Iterated games provide a framework to describe social interactions among groups of individuals. This body of work has focused primarily on individuals who face a simple binary choice, such as "cooperate" or "defect." Real individuals, however, can exhibit behavioral diversity, varying their input to a social interaction both qualitatively and quantitatively. Here we explore how access to a greater diversity of behavioral choices impacts the evolution of social dynamics in populations. We show that, in public goods games, some simple strategies that choose between only two possible actions can resist invasion by all multichoice invaders, even while engaging in relatively little punishment. More generally, access to a larger repertoire of behavioral choices results in a more "rugged" fitness landscape, with populations able to stabilize cooperation at multiple levels of investment. As a result, increased behavioral choice facilitates cooperation when returns on investments are low, but it hinders cooperation when returns on investments are high. Finally, we analyze iterated rock-paper-scissors games, the nontransitive payoff structure of which means that unilateral control is difficult to achieve. Despite this, we find that a large proportion of multichoice strategies can invade and resist invasion by single-choice strategies--so that even well-mixed populations will tend to evolve and maintain behavioral diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harvesting usable and meaningful disaster-related, spatio-temporal data at a highly granular level poses major challenges in its cleaning and aggregation. This paper presents a strategy related to those challenges with respect to individual behavior near COVID-19 laden healthcare facilities. This is done to enable the visualizing of egress behavior data as interactive, three-dimensional (3D) scenes to investigate human behavior patterns regarding touch-based, disease transmission. Therefore, the aim is to demonstrate how this concept of 3D epidemiology may provide new mechanisms to understand the relative risk and exposure prevalence for data analysis. This paper demonstrates 3D enablement of disaster-related field data through use of first-hand observations of 1,936 individuals egressing New York City healthcare facilities during the onset of COVID-19 in the Spring of 2020. The observations capture egress behavior in terms of where people go (e.g. coffee shop, Subway) and how they physically interact with the surroundings (i.e. what they touch and how long they remain). This paper introduces a mechanism for automated extraction and 3D visualization of such data in Potree, an open-source Web Graphics Library (WebGL) point cloud viewer. Distinctive vertex shaders are used to distinguish specific destination selection and behavioral patterns (e.g. personal protective equipment usage). Two-dimensional heatmaps are paired with 3D scenes to demonstrate the potential of using 3D visualization of spatio-temporal patterns for visualizing disease transmission potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]