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Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) represent a promising direction for sustainable energy development, yet their efficiency and feasibility often suffer due to suboptimal heat extraction methods and interface instability in U-shaped wells. This study introduces an innovative volume encapsulation technology that aims to address these challenges. The proposed technology employs a combination of hydraulic fracturing and acidification to prepare the rock interface, followed by encapsulation using high-temperature liquid metal. Low-melting-point alloys are utilized as a heat exchange medium between the horizontal sections of the wells. This study meticulously analyzes the impact of formation stress, thermal shock stress, and liquid metal properties on rock interface stability. Advanced simulation tools and experimental setups were used to test the encapsulation process under various conditions. The application of liquid metal encapsulation demonstrated significant improvements in energy conversion efficiency and rock interface stability. In conditions simulating a dry and hot rock reservoir at depths up to 3000 m and temperature gradients reaching 2200 °C/m, the adjusted depth of horizontal sections and increased pumping pressure contributed to maintaining interface stability. The established failure criteria provide a robust theoretical foundation for the encapsulation process. Volume encapsulation technology using liquid metal not only enhances the operational efficiency of EGS but also stabilizes the rock interface, thereby increasing the feasibility of continuous geothermal energy extraction. This study offers valuable theoretical insights and practical guidance for future research and applications in geothermal energy technologies, creating new pathways for the efficient exploitation of geothermal resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In forests, seedling renewal is influenced by many environmental factors, including climate change, seed size, wildfires, and ecological factors. It is unclear how different growth years of seedlings affect Chinese cork oak (Quercus variabilis) root endophyte communities. In this study, we took a holistic approach, using Illumina sequencing, to study the composition and function of bacterial communities associated with root microorganisms in four Q. variabilis seedlings after 1, 2, and 3 years of growth. The bacterial alpha diversity indexes were highest in the second year and lowest in the third year, and age was the decisive factor for the differences found in the root endophytic bacterial communities. Total phosphorus had the greatest effect on bacterial communities. The abundance of beneficial bacteria Streptomyces (8.69%) and Novosphingobium (4.22%) was highest in the second-year samples, and their abundance decreased by 7.96% and 3.61% in the third year, respectively. Higher levels of plant disease inhibition and metabolism (23.80%) were in the roots of second-year Q. variabilis seedlings. The metabolic abundance of carbohydrate was 3.66% lower in the first year and 3.95% lower in the third year compared to the second year. Our results suggest that the structure and function of bacterial communities changed with increasing growth years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of piperazine derivatives containing bis‐isoxazole were successfully synthesized by the reaction between piperazine and substituted isoxazole derivatives under the optimal reaction condition. The structures of all products were confirmed by IR, HRMS, 1H and 13C NMR. The antibacterial activities of all products against Mycobacteria smegmatis in vitro were tested using rifampin as a positive control. Two compounds presented wonderful anti‐mycobacterium activity, and their minimum inhibitory concentrations were respectively 2.60±1.11 μmol/mL and 4.35±0.00 μmol/mL, which indicated that they can be regarded as candidates for development of anti‐TB drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient and convenient synthesis of 2‐substituted benzimidazoles catalyzed by magnetic Fe3O4 supported by modified bentonite (MB) was developed. Herein, a separable, magnetic catalyst Fe3O4/MB was successfully prepared on the basis of exploring Fe3O4 synthesis by co‐precipitation method. Fe3O4 was obtained in 96.09 % yield using sweet orange oil as a reducing and protecting agent. The result showed that the sweet orange oil played a crucial role in the preparation of Fe3O4. Fe3O4 and Fe3O4/MB were characterized by powder XRD, SEM, EDX, XPS and BET, and were further applied to catalyze the synthesis of 2‐substituted benzimidazoles. The applicability of the substrate was investigated on the basis of optimizing the reaction conditions. As a consequence, 2‐substituted benzimidazoles were obtained in 37.01–91.68 % yield. It suggested that Fe3O4/MB was an environmentally friendly and low‐cost catalyst possessing good catalytic activity, broader substrate adaptability and excellent recyclability. It is a promising catalyst in industrial production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of effects caused by temperature change are the biggest problems faced by biological systems. These irregular environmental characteristics have brought new challenges to people and even animal groups. The immune function of human intestinal flora has a great protective effect on other organs and the body environment. It can help the human body carry out intestinal digestion, food absorption, nutritional metabolism, and so on. Based on the above situation, this paper uses the time series prediction model to study the factors affecting the imbalance of intestinal flora in the process of temperature change. Firstly, biological experiments are carried out with animals to simulate the human environment. Based on the sequence information of historical temperature change parameters, a temperature prediction device based on time series model is proposed. The effects of air factors and carbon dioxide content on the prediction results are evaluated by statistical analysis. Secondly, in order to ensure the accuracy of the experimental data, the neural network algorithm is used to optimize the model, and the white blood cell count is used to analyze the influence of temperature change on the intestinal flora structure of the two organisms. Finally, the experimental results are applied to the human environment to analyze the research results. The results showed that with the irregular change of temperature, the number of intestinal flora and internal colony structure also changed. The richness index in the normal temperature environment is relatively large, which can effectively explain the high richness of intestinal microflora in the experimental population. Further analyze the subjects and distinguish the animals according to sex. The number of Bacteroides in the intestinal flora of male animals was higher than that of female animals, but this phenomenon disappeared immediately after physical ligation. In addition, the intestinal flora abundance of female animals is higher than that of male animals, and the metabolic level is faster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intracranial fever or infection is one of the common complications after craniotomy, especially for complicated intracranial tumors such as deep skull base tumors.Objective: We used early cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage with a preplaced lumbar drainage (LD) tube after surgery and observed whether this procedure could reduce the rate and duration of fever or infection.Material and Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective study of 142 patients who underwent complicated intracranial tumor surgery with no less than four hours of dural opening at the Center of Neurosurgery of Tangdu Hospital. The LD group underwent preoperative LD placement, intraoperative CSF release and postoperative continuous drainage, but the control group received routine craniotomy without preoperative LD. The primary outcomes included the rate, duration, and hospital length of stay (LOS) for patients with fever or infection after surgery, as compared between the two groups. The second outcome included complications related to LD and the rate of postoperative CSF leakage.Results: There were 22 patients in the LD group and 23 patients in the control group who presented with delayed fever, which was supposed to be caused by intracranial infection or aseptic inflammation. The median duration of delayed fever in the LD group was obviously lower than that in the control group (7.762 ± 3.129 days vs 11.73 ± 5.239 days), and there was a statistically significant difference (P = 0.0046). In addition, there was a significant reduction in the median postoperative LOS (12 [8,10,15,21] days in the LD group vs 15 [9,13,20,28] days in the controls). Moreover, there was no significant difference in complications related to LD between the two groups. Three patients with brain herniation were observed in the LD group compared with one patient in the control group. All four patients had contemporary mild-to-moderate neurologic disorders after surgery or conservative treatment. Additionally, the rate of CSF leakage in the LD group was 5.41% (4/74), which was lower than that in the control group (8/68, [11.76%]), although there was no significant difference (P = 0.174).Conclusions: For patients receiving complicated intracranial lesions following a long operation time, postoperative early LD was beneficial for the treatment of patients with fever or infection. It not only reduced the duration of infection or fever in postoperative patients but also decreased the postoperative LOS. We should minimize the complications related to LD by careful and standardized LD and management processes, and ensure the effectiveness and safety of this treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entity relationship extraction is one of the key areas of information extraction and is an important research content in the field of natural language processing. Based on past research, this paper proposes a combined extraction model based on a multi-headed attention neural network. Based on the BERT training model architecture, this paper extracts textual entities and relations tasks. At the same time, it integrates the naming entity feature, the terminology labeling characteristics, and the training relationship. The multi-attention mechanism and improved neural structures are added to the model to enhance the characteristic extraction capacity of the model. By studying the parameters of the multi-head attention mechanism, it is shown that the optimal parameters of the multi-head attention are h = 8, dv = 16, and the classification effect of the model is the best at this time. After experimental analysis, comparing the traditional text entity relationship extraction model and the multi-head attention neural network joint extraction model, the model entity relationship extraction effect was evaluated from the aspects of comprehensive evaluation index F1, accuracy rate P, and system time consumed. Experiments show: First, in the accuracy indicator, Xception performance is best, reaching 87.7%, indicating that the model extraction feature effect is enhanced. Second, with the increase of the number of iterative times, the verification set curve and the training set curve have increased to 96% and 98%, respectively, and the model has a strong generalization ability. Third, the model completes the extraction of all data in the test set in 1005 ms, which is an acceptable speed. Therefore, the model test results in this article are good, with a strong practical value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To improve the diagnosis and treatment of intracranial chondromas (ICDs) by discussing the clinical manifestations and imaging characteristics of ICDs, as well as surgical methods and treatment strategies. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 17 patients diagnosed with ICDs who underwent microsurgery or endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery at the Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University and the Mianyang Central Hospital from January 2010 to November 2021. Clinical manifestations, imaging examinations, surgical treatments, and prognosis of these patients were analyzed. Results: ICDs had often been misdiagnosed as craniopharyngioma, chordoma, schwannoma, cavernous hemangioma, pituitary adenoma, and meningioma before surgery. Of the 17 cases, gross total resection (GTR) was performed in 10 cases, subtotal resection (STR) in 5, and partial resection in 2. GTR of tumor was achieved in eight cases via the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach (EETA) or the extended endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach (EEETA), and the remaining patients underwent craniotomies. Clinical symptoms were assessed 1 week after surgery, 10 cases were relieved at varying degrees, and four cases had no improvement. Postoperative complications included right-limb hemiparesis, diplopia, eyelid ptosis, pulmonary infection, subcutaneous hydrops, cerebrospinal-fluid leakage (CSFL), and intracranial infection (ICI). One patient received gamma knife treatment at 3 months after surgery, two patients died due to tumor progression, and the remaining patients had no tumor recurrence. Conclusions: ICDs lack typical imaging features and are often misdiagnosed. The EETA or EEETA helps improve the surgical outcomes and GTR rates of ICDs at different sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to explore the application and prospects of the subperineural resection technique for tumor separation and removal under the perineurium during surgery for vestibular schwannomas (VSs). Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 124 patients with VSs who underwent surgery via a retrosigmoid approach from July 2015 to October 2020 in the Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University. The data will be discussed with regard to the following aspects: clinical features, surgical strategies, tumor resection extent, facial–acoustic function preservation, and postoperative complications. Results: Gross total resection (GTR) of the tumor was achieved in 104 patients, with a GTR rate of 83.9%, and subtotal resection (STR) of the tumor was achieved in 20 patients. There was no significant difference in facial and acoustic nerve functional preservation between GTR and STR, as well as in tumor resection between solid and cystic tumors. The retention rate reached 97.6% in terms of complete anatomical facial nerve preservation. Facial nerve function was assessed using the House–Brackmann (HB) grading score. Consequently, HB grades of I–II, III–IV, and V–VI were determined for 96 (77.4%), 25 (20.2%), and 3 (2.4%) cases, respectively, 1 week postoperatively and accounted for 110 cases (88.7%), 13 cases (10.5%), and 1 case (0.8%), respectively, at 6 months. Fifteen of 35 (42.9%) patients with serviceable hearing before the operation still had serviceable hearing at 6 months postoperatively. There were 5 cases of cerebellar or brainstem bleeding after the operation, and one patient died. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that older age (≥60 years, p = 0.011), large tumor (>3 cm, p = 0.004), and cystic tumor (p = 0.046) were independent risk factors associated with the extent of adhesion between the tumor and the brainstem and facial–acoustic nerve. Conclusion: We successfully applied the subperineural resection technique to a large series of patients with VSs and achieved satisfactory results. Accurate identification of the perineurium and subperineural resection of the tumor can effectively reduce the disturbance of the facial–acoustic nerve during the operation and provide an intuitive basis for judging the tumor boundary. The subperineural resection technique may be conducive to improving the rate of total tumor resection and facial–acoustic nerve functional preservation in the surgical treatment of VSs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unusual structural colors are demonstrated in thin‐film coatings due to a combination of optical interference and light scattering effects. These vivid colors are concealed under ambient illumination but can be observed when light is reflected from the film surface. The origin of the effect is explored computationally and it is shown that, in thin‐films of lossless dielectrics coated on near‐perfect conductors, incident electromagnetic waves form standing waves. Electric field intensities at the thin film interfaces are maximized for wavelengths that fulfil destructive interference conditions, while nanoscale roughness can enhance scattering at these boundaries. The interplay of these two factors yields vivid, thickness‐dependent colors. This approach increases the repertoire of optical effects and perceived colors in thin coatings. When combined with traditional thin‐film interference colours, dichromatic images with distinctly changing colors can be generated, which can function as a covert, optical security feature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Infratentorial craniotomy patients have a high incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols have been shown in multiple surgical disciplines to improve outcomes, including reduced PONV. However, very few studies have described the application of ERAS to infratentorial craniotomy. The aim of this study was to examine whether our ERAS protocol for infratentorial craniotomy could improve PONV.Methods: We implemented an evidence-based, multimodal ERAS protocol for patients undergoing infratentorial craniotomy. A total of 105 patients who underwent infratentorial craniotomy were randomized into either the ERAS group (n = 50) or the control group (n = 55). Primary outcomes were the incidence of vomiting, nausea score, and use of rescue antiemetic during the first 72 h after surgery. Secondary outcomes included postoperative anxiety level, sleep quality, and complications.Results: Over the entire 72 h post-craniotomy observation period, the cumulative incidence of vomiting was significantly lower in the ERAS group than in the control group. Meanwhile, the incidence of vomiting was significantly lower in the ERAS group on postoperative days (PODs) 2 and 3. Notably, the proportion of patients with mild nausea (VAS 0-4) was higher in the ERAS group as compared to the control group on PODs 2 or 3. Additionally, the postoperative anxiety level and quality of sleep were significantly better in the ERAS group.Conclusion: Successful implementation of our ERAS protocol in infratentorial craniotomy patients could attenuate postoperative anxiety, improve sleep quality, and reduce the incidence of PONV, without increasing the rate of postoperative complications.Trial Registration: ChiCTR-INR-16009662, 27 Oct 2016, Clinical study on the development and efficacy evaluation of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) in Neurosurgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of preoperative oral carbohydrate loading versus fasting on the outcomes of patients undergoing elective craniotomy. In a single-center randomized controlled study, 120 neurosurgical patients who were admitted for elective craniotomy were included and randomized into 2 groups: 58 patients received 400 mL of oral carbohydrate loading 2 h before surgery (intervention group), and 62 patients were fasting for 8 h prior to surgery as routine management (control group). The primary end point was glucose homeostasis. Secondary outcomes included handgrip strength, pulmonary function and postoperative complications. Better glucose homeostasis (5.6 ± 1.0 mmol/L vs. 6.3 ± 1.2 mmol/L, P = 0.001) was achieved in patients who received preoperative oral carbohydrate loading compared to fasting. Furthermore, patients in the intervention group had better handgrip strength (25.3 ± 7.1 kg vs. 19.9 ± 7.5 kg, P < 0.0001) and pulmonary function (in terms of peak expiratory flow rate) (315.8 ± 91.5 L/min vs. 270.0 ± 102.7 L/min, P = 0.036) compared to the controls postoperatively. The rates of postoperative surgical and non-surgical complications did not differ between the groups. Both postoperative and total hospital length of stay (LOS) reduced significantly in the intervention group (-3d, P < 0.0001 and P = 0.004). Oral carbohydrate loading given 2 h before surgery in patients undergoing elective craniotomy seems to improve glucose homeostasis, handgrip strength and pulmonary function as well as decrease LOS without increasing the risk of postoperative complications. Routine use of preoperative oral carbohydrate loading could be suggested in clinical settings, though further evaluation of its safety and efficacy is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reference 1 Sha W., Hong D., Che Y., Xue Y., Kong Y., Yi X., Zhou J., Yu G., Liu B. Differences in Root Endophytic Bacterial Communities of Chinese Cork Oak (Quercus variabilis) Seedlings in Different Growth Years. DNA Extraction and PCR Amplification i " has been made to "The root samples were cleaned using ultrasonic waves 3 times and disinfected with sodium hypochlorite 2 times for DNA extraction." Differences in Root Endophytic Bacterial Communities of Chinese Cork Oak (Quercus variabilis) Seedlings in Different Growth Years. [Extracted from the article]

In this work, we studied a technology of laser-induced coloration of TC4 by surface oxidation, the aim is to explore the effect of thermal field on the marking color which is applied to control the color in single operating variable. The controllable coloration of TC4 surface at laser heating in the air was conducted; the surface morphology and microstructure of the specimens were examined by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the reflectance spectra of the oxide film were measured by optics spectrometer, and the color images are fabricated finally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bismuth (Bi)‐doped laser glasses with broadband emission are of current interest in the fields of sensing, bio‐imaging, and photonics. For practical applications, it must be considered how to improve the emission efficiency, in particular, for borate glasses with wide glass‐forming range, low melting point, and excellent fiberizing ability. Herein, we experimentally demonstrate that addition of GeO2 to aluminoborate glasses can effectively enhance Bi NIR emission by more than 300 times with prolonged decay time (~500 μs) and good homogeneity, which is, to our best knowledge, seldom achieved in Bi‐doped borate multi‐component glasses. The addition of second glass‐former GeO2, as revealed by detailed optical and structural analysis, leads to the facile regulation on local glass structure, forcing the conversion of aluminum species from AlO5 and AlO6 to AlO4 and consequently pushes the conversion of Bi3+ to Bi+ and Bi0 and stabilizes Bi NIR centers, which finally results in highly enhanced Bi NIR emission. We believe these results could contribute to designing Bi‐activated multi‐component laser glass and fibers with efficient NIR photoemission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Because of ultra‐broadband near‐infrared (NIR) emission bismuth‐activated glasses and fibers offer a new promising platform for novel photonic devices such as new type of optical amplifiers and broadly tunable fiber lasers. Yet, challenge remains to manipulate the NIR emission behavior of bismuth (Bi) in photonic glasses for efficient Bismuth‐doped fiber and fiber lasers. Here, by engineering phosphorus and aluminum's topology, broadly tunable NIR emission has been realized in Bismuth‐doped phosphate laser glass. Structural and optical analyses on 27Al magic‐angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR), 31P MAS NMR, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and static emission spectra suggest that polymerization of glass network can be improved by proper addition of aluminum into the system, which can be evidenced by partial conversion of Q2 to Q3 species of phosphorus and the shift of P–O–P asymmetric stretching vibration toward lower frequency, and this turns out beneficial to Bi NIR emission. Embedding aluminum tetrahedra into phosphorus glass network can reduce the local crystal field around bismuth and therefore lead to the blueshift of Bi emission. This work presents new insights into the luminescent behavior of Bi ions in phosphate glass and it helps the design and fabrication of Bismuth‐doped glasses and fibers in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bismuth-doped (Bi) glasses and fibers have raised considerable attention for broadband emission and tunable fiber lasers in the near infrared (NIR) region. However, they suffer from low efficiency and it remains challenging to enhance Bi NIR emission. Here, we propose a facile way to enhance and tune the Bi NIR emission by adjusting optical basicity and modulating the boron and aluminum coordination in borate glasses. We find that BO4 and AlO5 species favor Bi NIR emission, right followed by the analyses of static emission spectra, the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Furthermore, abnormal Bi NIR luminescence phenomenon and boron anomaly were observed, which are attributed to the synthetic effect of B and Al coordination transformation. Besides, we find that BO4 tetrahedron plays a major role in enhancing Bi NIR emission at low Al content, while AlO5 hexahedron group will dominate at high Al concentration. Our investigation may give an insight into the luminescent behaviors of Bi in borate glasses and contribute to improving the performance of Bi-doped fiber and fiber lasers in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of laser energy density on the coloring effect were examined using a nanosecond fiber laser to color the surface of a TC4 Ti alloy. The surface of samples turns yellow, orange, purple, and blue as the single pulse energy density increases. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) results demonstrated that a mixed film containing TiN and TiO was formed on the surface of samples after laser coloring. The TiN content in the mixed film reduced with increase in single pulse energy density, whereas the TiO content increased. Based on the equivalent medium and optics theory, the SCOUT optical simulation software was used to create a three-layer structure model of ambient/mixed film/Ti alloy substrate. The superposition of reflection and interference in the mixed film was simulated to examine the effect of the mixed film's composition and thickness on the reflective spectrum of sample. The reflective spectrum of different colors obtained by simulations and tests was extremely consistent, and the simulation composition and thickness of the mixed film were consistent with the tested results, indicating that the laser coloring mechanism is influenced by light interference between mixed films of different composition and thickness formed on the sample surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel solar selective absorbing MoSi2-Al2O3 multilayer coating deposited on Cu or stainless steel (SS) substrate by magnetron sputtering is reported. The coating consists of an infrared reflective metal layer using Mo or Cu, an absorption MoSi2-Al2O3 bilayer, and an anti-reflection Al2O3 layer from substrate to top. With the help of computer simulation, we obtain the optimal metal volume fraction and thickness of each layer on Cu substrate. And then a good optical performance (α/ε) of 0.94/0.06 for the all-layer coating on Cu substrate is obtained. On the other hand, the influence of the deposition parameters for the infrared reflective Mo layer on the emittance is discussed. The emittance decreases with the decrease of sputtering pressure and the increase of the target power. The lowest emittance of the SS (substrate)/Mo is 0.047 after optimization. The optical performance (α/ε) of the all-layer coating on the optimized SS/Mo substrate is 0.95/0.07. The thermal stability of the all-layer coating on SS substrate is evaluated, and it is found to have a good thermal stability at 400 °C, due to the choice of MoSi2, which means a good candidate of solar selective absorbing coating for parabolic trough concentrated solar power (CSP). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between the laser power output and its effect on Raman spectrum is investigated for a laser cleaning application of marine metal corrosion processing. First, an image feature based on a corrosion degree evaluation is implemented before cleaning. The image features include texture coarseness, texture entropy, texture intensity, texture contrast, the texture's cluster degree, and texture homogeneity. To decrease the image feature dimension for a convenient application, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used to estimate the weight of each feature. Then the linear weighted sum of image features can be computed to get only one evaluation result. Second, a series of laser power outputs are implemented for the cleaning application under a typical corrosion degree. Then the analysis results of Raman spectrum can be obtained. The analyzed spectrum results include the corrosion components and their contents. Lastly, the relationship between laser power output and Raman spectrum under a typical initial corrosion degree can be constructed. This research study can build the prediction result of the cleaning effect map for the workpiece and guide the secondary processing of metal surface cleaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This investigation was focused on the laser cladding of FeCrNi coating. In our study, the characteristics of the FeCrNi coating have been studied, the morphology and microstructure of the cladding layers were analyzed by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the chemical composition was measured by energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), the hardness were measured by microhardness tester. The thermal field in the laser cladding of FeCrNi coating has been calculated, the cooling rate of moving solid-liquid interface has been studied. At last, the hardness distribution of each cladding layer has been measured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the applications in solar thermal power, the preparation and optimization of an Al/NbMoN/NbMoON/SiO 2 multilayer solar selective absorbing coating are carried out by combining experiments with optical simulation. A series of NbMoN and NbMoON single layers are deposited by magnetron reactive sputtering method with different N 2 /O 2 gas flowing rates. And then their optical constants are obtained by fitting their reflection (R) and transmission (T) spectra in the wavelength range of 300–2500 nm using SCOUT software. These optical constants are used to design the Al/NbMoN/NbMoON/SiO 2 solar selective absorbing coating so as to get the ideal spectral selectivity, i.e. high α / ε ratio. According to the optical design of the coating structure, we prepared the all-layer coating, and the thickness of each layer was optimized until the best spectral selective properties are obtained. The experimental reflectance spectrum fits very well with the simulated result. The optimized solar absorbing coating deposited on stainless steel substrate exhibited high absorptance ( α =0.948) and low emittance ( ε =0.050) at 80 °C. It offers a good method to quickly reach the ideal spectral selectivity through optical simulation. The thermal stability of the coating is evaluated, and it exhibits a good thermal stability in vacuum at 400 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A nanosecond pulse laser to remove rubber was conducted. • The influence before and after different laser cleaning conditions are analysed. • Thermal simulation of the surface temperature was analysed. • The quality improvement of laser rubber removal was studied. This paper utilizes a nanosecond pulse fiber laser to conduct rubber removal experiments on rubber laminated metal valves. The influence on surface roughness, metallographic structure and hardness of samples before and after different laser cleaning conditions are analyzed. Experimental results show that the laser has no significant effect on the substrate situation of the rubber laminated valves when it is immersed in water or sprayed with water. Through thermal simulation, the surface temperature when using wet-type laser cleaning is lower than that of using dry-type laser cleaning, and there is no significant effect on the substrate. Therefore, wet-type laser cleaning is appropriate for rubber laminated metal valves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Signature-tagged transposon mutagenesis based on Tn4351 was developed in R. anatipestifer. • Seventeen tagged Tn4351 random mutation libraries of strain WJ4 were constructed and screened for survive using a duckling infection model. • Twenty mutants that could not be recovered from the infected ducklings, were identified, and 17 mutated genes were identified. • The virulence of mutants 16-284, 7-295, 24-231, 9-232 and 19-214 were significantly attenuated compared to that of the wild-type WJ4. Riemerella anatipestifer causes epizootic infectious disease in ducks, geese, turkeys and other birds, and serious economic losses especially to the duck industry. However, little is known about the molecular basis of its pathogenesis. In this study, signature-tagged transposon mutagenesis based on Tn4351 was developed in R. anatipestifer to identify genes essential for survival and pathogenesis. Seventeen tagged Tn4351 random mutation libraries of the R. anatipestifer strain WJ4 containing 5100 mutants were screened for survive using a duckling infection model. Twenty mutants that could not be recovered from the infected ducklings, were identified, and 17 mutated genes were identified by inverse PCR or genome-walking PCR. Of these genes, FIP52_03215, FIP52_04350 and FIP52_09345, were inserted into two mutant strains, and FIP52_03215 and FIP52_03175 were found exclusively on the chromosome of serotype 1 R. anatipestifer strains. Twelve out of 17 genes encoding for proteins were predicted to be involved in amino acid, nucleotide, coenzyme, or lipid transport and metabolism, one gene was predicted to be involved in signal transduction, one gene was predicted to be involved in DNA replication, recombination and repair, the other three genes had an unknown function. Animal experiments showed that the virulence of mutants 16-284, 7-295, 24-231, 9-232 and 19-214 were significantly attenuated compared to that of the wild-type WJ4. Moreover, the median lethal dose of mutant 16-284 was greater than 1010 CFU, and its virulence to ducklings was partially restored when it was complemented with the shuttle expression plasmid pRES-FIP52_09345. The results in this study will be helpful to further study the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of R. anatipestifer infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor. Traditional treatments for glioma include surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and bevacizumab therapy, but their efficacies are limited. Immunotherapy provides a new direction for glioma treatment. This study aimed to summarize the knowledge structure and research hotspots of glioma immunotherapy through a bibliometric analysis., Method: Publications pertaining to glioma immunotherapy published during the period from 1st January 1990 to 27th March 2023 were downloaded from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Bibliometric analysis and visualization were performed using the CiteSpace, VOSviewer, Online Analysis Platform of Literature Metrology, and R software. The hotspots and prospects of glioma immunotherapy research were illustrated via analyzing the countries, institutions, journals, authors, citations and keywords of eligible publications., Results: A total of 1,929 publications pertaining to glioma immunotherapy in 502 journals were identified as of 27th March 2023, involving 9,505 authors from 1,988 institutions in 62 countries. Among them were 1,285 articles and 644 reviews. Most of publications were produced by the United States. JOURNAL OF NEURO-ONCOLOGY published the majority of publications pertaining to glioma immunotherapy. Among the authors, Lim M contributed the largest number of publications. Through analyzing keyword bursts and co-cited references, immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) were identified as the research focus and hotspot., Conclusion: Using a bibliometric analysis, this study provided the knowledge structure and research hotspots in glioma immunotherapy research during the past 33 years, with ICIs staying in the current and future hotspot. Our findings may direct the research of glioma immunotherapy in the future., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Yuan, Su, Wu, Xue, Zhang, Zhang, Zheng, Chang, Qu and Zhao.)

Hemangiopericytomas (HPCs) invading the cavernous sinus (CS) are extremely rare invasive tumors that have a great propensity for local recurrence. To date, only eight cases have been reported in the literature. Owing to the abundant vascular supply of HPCs, intracavernous bleeding and important blood vessels and nerves passing through the CS, it is very difficult and challenging for neurosurgeons to completely resect HPCs. Here, we report two cases of HPCs invading the CS and introduce their clinical manifestations, imaging findings, surgical approaches and histopathological features in detail. We have implemented the surgery by the endoscopic transpterygoid transcavernous approach (ETPTCa) for the two patients, and one patient has undergone gross total resection (GTR) and another has undergone subtotal resection (STR) and postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). The ETPTCa may serve as a viable option to facilitate HPCs resection. Radiotherapy is helpful in prolonging progression-free survival (PFS) following STR of the tumor., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2022 Wu, Gong, Zhang, Zheng, Li, Xue, Qu and Zhao.)