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The International Symposium on Logistics (ISL) has been a significant platform for discussing and shaping the field of logistics and supply chain management for the past 25 years. Initially launched in Nottingham, UK, in 1993, ISL has since been held in various countries across Europe and outside of Europe. The symposium has evolved to address major themes such as globalization, sustainability, digitalization, and the impact of technology on logistics and supply chain operations. The symposium has a strong relationship with the International Journal of Logistics Management (IJLM), which regularly publishes special issues featuring papers from ISL. The current special issue focuses on submissions from the 25th ISL Conference held in 2021, highlighting research on information sharing in South African supply chains, the role of technology in humanitarian logistics, green supply chain management in a Chinese electronics manufacturer, and resilience in the Indonesian tea supply chain. [Extracted from the article]

Objectives: To retrospectively evaluate the impact of early(<6 months) vs standard(>6months) return to play(RTP) on the rate of failure, volume of play, and career longevity following ACL reconstruction in a cohort of professional European soccer players. It was hypothesized that athletes returning to professional competition earlier than 6 month after ACL reconstruction would not have an increased risk of failure, volume of play, and a shorter professional career. Methods: Professional soccer players treated for anterior cruciate ligament tear by a single surgeon were included in this retrospective study. The study was approved by the institutional review board. The inclusion criteria were that the patient was a (1) male, (2) professional soccer player with an (3) injury of the anterior cruciate ligament. Exclusion criteria were revision ACL, extra-articular ligamentous reconstruction, and previous contralateral ACL reconstruction. A total of 178 players who were all in the first or second division of their league met criteria for the study over a ten year period. Time from intervention to return to the first official game was recorded in days. Information if the patient was able to return to the same season was recorded, as well as the number of games and total and average minutes played in the return season. Number of seasons played after injury and if the player was active at the time of data collection (September 2019) was also recorded. If the player was still active, the player's current club was recorded. Results: 90-early RTP and 88 standard RTP players were identified. Players in the early RTP group returned to professional level soccer at a mean of 4.76 months, which was significantly sooner than players in the standard RTP group who returned at a mean of 9.21 months (p < 0.01) following ACLR. A significantly greater number of players in the early RTP group returned during the same season of intervention (n = 56/92, 60.9%) than in the standard RTP group (n = 18/88, 20.5%) (p < 0.01). Players in the early RTP group competed in an average of 11.5 games during their return season while those in the standard RTP group competed in an average of 12.9 games (p > 0.05). The early RTP group played, on average, a total of 759.2 minutes and 56.5 minutes/game in their return season, while the standard RTP group played an average of 812.8 total minutes and 50.0 minutes/game in their return season (p > 0.05). Players in the early RTP group had significantly longer careers following ACLR, averaging 5.62 seasons, compared to those in the standard RTP group who competed in an average of 4.75 seasons after surgical intervention (p < 0.01). The early RTP group had 4 failures while the late RTP group had 1 failure failure. Conclusions: Professional European soccer players who return to play earlier than 6 months after ACL reconstruction returned more frequently during the same season, played the same number of games and minutes during their return season, had longer careers, but had more ACL graft failures when compared with those who returned greater than 6 months after surgery. Professional European soccer players who returned early after ACL reconstruction (<6 months) did not appear to have poorer outcomes, however caution should be taken before extrapolating this to the general population as these athletes have exceptional resources, fitness, and athletic capacity. Decision on return to play ultimately lies with the patient/athlete as prolonged RTP has significant financial and career consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to analyse the involvement of the local and regional authorities within the Conference on the Future of Europe. The former, being closer to the citizens, could play important role in reaching "every corner of the European Union" and helping the citizens to articulate their ideas about the European integration. Therefore, the activity of the subnational level could contribute to the final success of the Conference (or failure - in case of lack of any actions). The analysis is based on the author's own empirical study conducted among the Polish territorial self-government units after the closure of the Conference. The local and regional authorities were asked if they informed the citizens about the Conference, organised events regarding this enterprise or took part in the events organised by other entities. The results show very low level of the activity, even among the territorial self-government units that are present at the European level. The conclusions regard both to the Polish circumstances as well as to the general performance of the Conference. In the first case, they unveil the unwritten practice among the Polish territorial self-government units on their involvement in the European affairs. Regarding the second point, the results indicate that the Conference did not manage to exceed the "European bubble". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction to the journal is presented in which the editor discusses the various topics within the issue, including the psychological therapies for depression, emotional development, and a study on adults with intellectual development disorder (IDD).

Facing the considerable variation in the computation of disability-adjusted life years (DALY) in the numerous updates of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study and many independent studies, the European burden of disease network (burden-eu) launched a series of systematic literature reviews (SLR) to explore the key assumptions used in the European burden of disease (BoD) studies. The SLR will provide an overview of the existing BoD studies and the computational variations used and will also help identifying ways to harmonize the approaches enhancing the comparability of BoD estimates. The SLR was split in four parallel reviews: noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), communicable diseases (CDs), injuries and risk factors. For the first three, the search strategy included terms describing the population (GBD area ‘‘European region’’) and the BoD measures (years lived with disability, years of life lost, and DALYs). We included studies published between January 1990 and April 2020, without language restrictions. The search strategy was run in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase. OpenGrey, OAIster, CABDirect, WHO and targeted public health agency websites were screened for grey literature. In addition, burden-eu members were asked to supplement the list of publications with any material available within their national public health institutes. Data extraction focused on methodological information. The title, abstract and full-text screening resulted in the final inclusion of 165 papers regarding NCDs, 189 with CDs, and 124 papers regarding injuries. The final list includes peer-reviewed articles and reports showing a variability in data sources used (e.g. patient medical records, disease registries, insurance claims sources) and model assumptions (e.g. use of multi-morbidity adjustments, use of disability weights). Further data extraction and analysis is in process, and will be presented during the workshop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade, several various policy strategies have been adopted in response to population ageing in the Arctic. Governmental actions have yet to be evaluated in terms of their efficacy. By making an overview of specified policy actions, we define successes and failures on the way to building thriving age-inclusive communities in the Nordic region of the Arctic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the importance of collaboration and collective action in advancing public health. Topics discussed include the strategic retreat of the European Public Health association (EUPHA), important factors of social factors in determining the health outcomes of different population groups, and the 17th European Public Health Conference in Lisbon, Portugal on November 13-15, 2024.

The goal of this article is to assess the effectiveness of deliberative democratic mechanisms in the practice of international organization, with the Conference on the Future of Europe serving as the main object of the study. The analysis is focused on a comparison of the usefulness of two concepts (deliberative democracy and deliberative supranationalism) to the analysis of the EU political decision--making. On the basis of both approaches four hypotheses are formulated and initially verified. The dependent variables of the hypotheses are confronted with the essential features of the course and follow--up of the Conference in the first year after its conclusion. The most important results of the study include four findings. Firstly, the structure of the Conference did not fully correspond to the assumptions of the concept of deliberative democracy, while -- secondly -- the substantial quality of the Conference's proposals was low. Thirdly, one year after the conclusion of the Conference, no interinstitutional debate on the implementation of its proposals has started. Fourthly, there is no inter-state discussion on the results of the Conference, no Convention is planned, and support for introducing treaty changes is low. So far, the only measurable results of the Conference are minor non--treaty reforms proposed by the Commission. Therefore, the introduction of the principles of deliberative democracy at the EU level proved to be an ineffective step. If the activity of the Union is considered in deliberative terms, then the concept of deliberative supranationalism is more useful here. After the Conference, the EU turned out still to be an international organization in which major decisions on reforms are taken by the governments of the member states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Aim of Com.HeNet is among others to identify competences which are needed to implement and manage a health network on regional level in European countries. Description: All participating countries have used the same method for data gathering. Templates in terms of method guidelines were developed and used uniformly. First, a structured literature search was conducted to gather data regarding circumstances, structures and challenges in relation to RHNM. Relevant existing papers, reports and officially released documents from public facilities or e.g. reports from governmental authorities have been included. Grey literature from online websites and resources were also accessed. The second method represents semi-structured guided expert interviews. The interview guideline was developed by European experts (n = 10) from divers fields e.g. Public Health, Sport science and Management. Afterwards pre-testing the interview guideline, relevant experts and stakeholders from diverse fields, were interviewed e.g. Public Health, Health Promotion, clinical services, politics, practitioners or research. Overall n = 33 interviews were carried out [Austria = 5, Bulgaria = 5, Germany = 5, Hungary =5, Spain= 6, Poland =7]. Afterwards the interviews have been transcribed and analysed. The statements were evaluated in a structured and summarizing analysis for homogeneity / diversity / quantity of the various opinions. All results were incorporated in a uniform predefined template (competence profile). Conclusions: Semi-structured/ guided interviews represent a suitable method to gather data in terms of required competences for health network management. Desktop research / literature search is appropriate to support the qualitative data gathering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social prescribing is seen as a mechanism for addressing the social determinants of health, preventing exacerbation of preexisting diseases, reducing attendance in primary and emergency care and improving general population health and well-being. Social prescribing involves individuals being referred/self-referring to non-medical interventions run by a third-party organisation. Social prescribing has received widespread attention internationally; however, the evidence base to support social prescribing lacks rigour, and gaps remain. The complexity of social prescribing, in that it involves multiple referral routes, partners, pathways and outcomes, poses challenges for its evaluation and research. Researchers across Europe have developed different projects of research to address the challenges associated with evaluating social prescribing. Development of the evidence base for social prescribing is crucial in informing policy and public health systems to deliver effective interventions that contribute to individual, community and systemic outcomes. This workshop aims to share different approaches that have been taken across Europe to address issues in producing evidence base and share learning about the challenges and solutions that researchers have developed, specifically regarding research about implementation and evaluation of social prescribing. The workshop will be structured in a first part of presentations and the second part of open discussion with presenters and the audience. This workshop will present five papers which will address two key questions: 1. What have we learned about developing the evidence in social prescribing?; 2. What challenges have we experienced, and what solutions have we come up with? The short presentations will cover examples of social prescribing initiatives based on implementation and evaluation studies conducted in diverse European countries. Learning shared with the audience through the presentations will stimulate discussions around challenges with implementing and evaluating social prescribing. This workshop will inform the development of an overarching guidance on implementing social prescribing interventions, as well as identify parallel challenges in other areas of public health. Key messages: • Interactive session to discuss strategies for successful social prescribing projects addressing complex health issues that are relevant to stakeholders and for research to inform practice and policy. • Collaboration with interdisciplinary stakeholders is crucial in developing the evidence base for social prescribing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Child sexual abuse (CSA) impacts individuals and communities in numerous ways, including their faith. This study's aim was to learn from individuals who have an interest and/or expertise in spirituality and CSA about how various groups can support those impacted by CSA. The participants (n = 76) took part in a symposium focused on this topic and responded to an online survey with open-ended questions. Three themes emerged: negative impacts, direct response, and institutional changes. Using these responses, a model for Spiritually Informed Care is described, and implications for practice for those who work with those who have been impacted by CSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This section offers public health news briefs in Europe, as of October 2023. Topics covered include how much the European Public Health Association is able to do with its small secretariat, the regional roadmap on antimicrobial resistance for 2023-2030 which member states of the World Health Organization European Region are invited to adopt and the 16th European Public Health Conference to be held in Dublin, Ireland on November 8-11, 2023.

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Background: COVID-19 has reinforced the centrality of health workers at the core of a well performing and resilient health system. It has concomitantly exposed the risks of staffing and skills shortages and the importance of protecting the health workforce. This paper focuses on highlighting some of the lessons learnt, challenges and future needs of the health workforce in Europe in the context of COVID-19. Methods: We use secondary sources and expert information. Results: During the pandemic innovative and flexible approaches were implemented to meet increasing demand for health workers and new skills and responsibilities were adopted over a short period of time. We have seen the rapid adaptation and use of new technologies to deliver care. The pandemic has underlined the importance of valuing, protecting and caring for our health workforce and the need to invest appropriately and adequately in the health workforce to have sufficient, capable and wellmotivated health workers. Some of the main challenges that lie ahead of us include the imperative for better investment, to need to improve recruitment and retraining whilst better retaining health workers, a focus on domestic sustainability, redeploying and developing new skills and competences among health workers, enabling more effective multi-professional collaboration and team work, improving the quality of education and training, increasing the public health focus and promoting ethical and sustainable international recruitment of health workers. Conclusions: The WHO European Region through its European Programme of Work 2020-2025 is fully committed to support countries in their efforts to continue to respond to COVID-19 and whilst addressing upcoming health workforce challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: End-of-life care attracts major policy interest. Place of death is an important metric of individual experience and health system performance. Most people prefer to die at home, but hospital is the most common place of death in high-income countries. Little is known about international trends in place of death over time. Methods: We aimed to collate population-level data on place of death in Europe for the years 2005-2017, and to evaluate association with national characteristics and policy choices. We sought outcome data from the 32 European Economic Area countries. We identified national economic, societal, demographic and health system predictors from Eurostat, OECD and the WHO. We analysed these cross-national panel data using linear regression with panel-corrected standard errors. Results: Our analytic dataset included 30 countries accounting for over 95% of Europe’s population and economic activity. Average national proportion of deaths occurring in hospital in the study period ranged from 26% to 68%, with a median of 52%. Trends vary markedly by region and wealth, with low and decreasing hospital deaths in the North-West, and high and increasing prevalence in the South and East. Controlling for demographic and economic factors, strong palliative care provision and generous government finance of long-term care were associated with fewer hospital deaths. Conclusions: We found modifiable policy choices associated with hospital mortality, as well as wider structural economic and societal factors. Policymakers can act to curb worrisome trends inhospital mortality. Data on places of death outside hospital can improve future research, policy and practice. Key messages: Cross-national longitudinal analysis. Trends of hospital deaths in Europe, association between hospital mortality rate, palliative care and other healthcare factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights developments in public health in Europe as of October 2022. Topics mentioned include the acquisition of an operating grant by European Public Health Association from the European Commission, the lessons about health emergencies that can be learned from COVID-19 pandemic, and the advocacy of Association of Schools of Public Health in the European Region for public health.

In this article, Early Career Task Force Group members of the Turkish Thoracic Society summarize the European Respiratory Society 2020 virtual congress. Current developments in the field of respiratory diseases were compiled with the addition of sessions specific to coronavirus disease 2019 this year. Almost all of the congress sessions were examined, and the important and striking results of the congress were highlighted. Congress sessions were attended by expert researchers, and the prominent messages of each session were highlighted in short summaries. They were then grouped under relevant titles and ranked in order of meaning and relation. It was finalized by a team of researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review aimed to highlight some important points derived from the presentations of the European Respiratory Society 2021 Virtual International Congress by a committee formed by the Early Career Task Group of the Turkish Thoracic Society. We summarized a wide range of topics including current developments of respiratory diseases and provided an overview of important and striking topics of the congress. Our primary motivation was to give some up-to-date information and new developments discussed during congress especially for the pulmonologists who did not have a chance to follow the congress. This review also committed an opportunity to get an overview of the newest data in the diverse fields of respiratory medicine such as post-coronavirus disease 2019, some new interventional and technologic developments related to respiratory health, and new treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This section offers public health-related news briefs in Europe as of December 1, 2021. The World Health Organization (WHO) Global Air Quality Guidelines was launched in September 2021 offering updated air quality guideline (AQG) levels for six key air pollutants. The European Union (EU) vaccines strategy has led to the delivery of over 890 million COVID-19 vaccine doses to Member States, vaccinating over 290 million citizens. The 15th European Public Health Conference will be held in Germany.

Background older people remain underrepresented in clinical trials, and evidence generated in younger populations cannot always be generalized to older patients. Objective to identify key barriers and to discuss solutions to specific issues affecting recruitment and retention of older participants in clinical trials based on experience gained from six current European randomised controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on older people. Methods a multidisciplinary group of experts including representatives of the six RCTs held two networking conferences and compiled lists of potential barriers and solutions. Every item was subsequently allocated points by each study team according to how important it was perceived to be for their RCTs. Results the six RCTs enrolled 7,612 older patients. Key barriers to recruitment were impaired health status, comorbidities and diverse health beliefs including priorities within different cultural systems. All trials had to increase the number of recruitment sites. Other measures felt to be effective included the provision of extra time, communication training for the study staff and a re-design of patient information. Key barriers for retention included the presence of severe comorbidities and the occurrence of adverse events. Long study duration, frequent study visits and difficulties accessing the study site were also mentioned. Solutions felt to be effective included spending more time maintaining close contact with the participants, appropriate measures to show appreciation and reimbursement of travel arrangements. Conclusion recruitment and retention of older patients in trials requires special recognition and a targeted approach. Our results provide scientifically-based practical recommendations for optimizing future studies in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Health regions are defined clusters that can contribute significantly to the improvement of health care for the population through the networking of actors and their coordination. In Europe, this concept exists in only a few countries. The Erasmus+ project Com.HeNet aims to develop and pilot curriculum modules for training regional health network managers. The aim is to successfully implement and manage health regions across Europe. Methods: The team of Com.HeNet developed the competences needed to implement and manage health regions in six countries through literature research and expert interviews (n = 33). The countries involved are Austria, Bulgaria, Germany, Hungary, Poland and Spain. The competences identified were analysed in terms of content and converted into six competence profiles. Subsequently, a cross-national core competence profile was created. The core competence profiles of AHPA, WHO & ASPHER were included in the compilation. The core competency profile consists of three areas: Health Content Planning Cycle, Network Management Cycle and Sustainability services. It was presented and discussed with stakeholders from the health economy, health science and representatives of health regions at seven international discussions. Results and discussion: The developed method of the semi-structured questionnaire for the survey of the required competences in the management of health regions has proven to be target-oriented internationally. The six European countries show different stages of health regions. In Austria, Germany, Spain and Hungary, different stages of health regions exist. In Poland and Bulgaria this model has not been used so far. A comparison of the competences identified shows similarities and differences. The commonalities include: Management skills, fund raising and health competences. The developed international core competency profile is considered practical and relevant by international stakeholders. Workshop objective: The workshop Competences in Health Network Management will present the identified competences for the management of health regions. The method of collecting the competences and the development of the European core competence profile will be presented in order to strengthen future research in this area. The validity of the competences and the potential of an international core competence profile and the resulting curriculum for the training of regional health network managers will be discussed together with representatives of ASPHER. Funding: The creation of these resources has been (partially) funded by the ERASMUS+ grant program of the European Union under grant no. 2019 1 DE01 KA203 005025. Neither the European Commission nor the project’s national funding agency DAAD are responsible for the content or liable for any losses or damage resulting of the use of these resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the author discusses articles within the issue on topics including ecosystems approach for promoting health-enhancing physical activity, the European Union (EU) Physical Activity Focal Points Network and physical activity interventions in type 2 diabetes management.

The article offers news briefs associated with dementia care. HammondCare will be hosting its next International Dementia Conference on 8-9 September 2022, with a live, in-person event in Sydney. Pharmaceutical company Biogen has formally requested a re-examination of the European Medicines Agency's December 2021 decision to refuse marketing authorization for Aduhelm, the drug recently approved in the U.S. for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

We will provide a review of the knowledge base from studies on injuries in the WHO European Region from 2010 to 2019, both cross-country and within-country, for all causes and cause-specific. The focus is whether inequalities between countries and within countries persist such that people from low socioeconomic status and from less affluent areas tend to die by injury to a greater extent than others. This has previously been observed for most causes of injury (e.g., traffic, self-directed violence, interpersonal violence, poisoning, burns) but also for several settings (e.g., home, work, transport) based on a review of socioeconomic disparities in injury risks from 1990-2006. In addition, the pandemic touches upon factors with a known impact, directly or indirectly, on the risk and social distribution of injuries (e.g. social isolation, change in transportation mode and volume, alcohohol consumption, etc.). Until the 2020-2021GBD data are available at the regional level for Europe, we hypothesise on how the pandemic may have affected the social distribution of injuries in the Region. For example, we hypothesise a significant decrease in road traffic related injuries due to lockdown measures (reduced commuting to work, 24-hour curfews). There may also be an increase in unintentional injuries related to children spending increased hours in the home environment and an increase in do-it-yourself injuries in adults. We also see a possible increase in self-harm injuries due to the mental ill health burden related to confinement and social isolation, but data thus far from single EU countries do not report an increase in suicides. We will then present a research agenda for investigating how the pandemic has affected the injury burden in the Europe Region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers news briefs related to public health in Europe as of June 2022. Topics mentioned include the celebration of 30th year anniversary of the European Public Health Association (EUPHA), the participation of the International Federation of Medical Students' Associations during the World Health Organization's (WHO) meeting on health and migration in March 2022, and some challenges and barriers in youth participation in health decision making.

Background: Academic Medical Centers (AMCs) are organizations that link three functions: providing highly specialized medical services, teaching activities and conducting research. The aim of the study was to provide an international comparison of the governance and organization models of AMCs. The analysis covered 10 European countries (Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain) and Israel. Methods: The study has an explorative and descriptive character. The methods involved: (1) the creation of a conceptual framework; (2) the development of a dedicated questionnaire; (3) data collection and analysis. The data was collected based on purposive sampling. There were 26 respondents from 11 countries. Results: There is no standardized definition of AMCs across countries. Different types of hospital providers do link patientcare, teaching and research. Depending on the country and particular institution, the balance between these three functions, as well as the scope might vary a lot. The majority of the participating countries face either public or not-for-profit ownership for AMCs and medical faculties. However, the relationship between hospital and faculty varies substantially. Main internal governance challenges focus on lack of responsiveness to change and financial conflicts between the three core tasks. External challenges relate to financial sustainability and workforce shortages. Most respondents believe that in the nearby future the governance of AMCs will evolve to a more functionally integrated model of the three functions. Conclusions: The study fills the gap in the literature on organization and governance of European AMCs. Although, there are substantial differences in the models of governance across countries, many challenges are highly similar. This raises important questions for future research (e.g. focusing solely on one function) as well as policy (the potential for cross-national learning). Key messages:· There is no standardized definition of AMCs across countries and different types of organizations are used to link the three functions of providing patientcare, teaching activities and research. · Despite the organizational and legal differences, AMCs in different countries face similar challenges (nimbleness and financial conflicts between the three functions; health workforce shortages). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, both the EU Commission and the Belmont Forum have funded projects focusing on health and climate change with the aim of expanding research and evidence and improving intersectoral cooperation. The EU-funded ENBEL project is developing tools to streamline climate and health research to support policies and strategies and improve response and resilience. Methods: Within ENBEL a stakeholder analysis is being carried out for Europe to identify key decision makers involved in climate change and health adaptation, understand interlinkages and identify areas for action to promote collaboration and uptake. Semi-structured interviews with key institutions and stakeholders at different levels (International, European, national and local) will help identify key evidence needs and research gaps and findings will be used to define knowledge tools and policy briefs to enhance adaptation. Furthermore, current policies on adaptation in Europe and how health issues are addressed, especially taking into account the Next Generation EU (NGEU) funding in support of COVID-19 recovery as well as Green Deal and Climate Action, will be reviewed to ensure ENBEL products fit the EU policy agenda. Conclusions: ENBEL offers an opportunity to produce targeted research syntheses for decision makers as well an ensuring health becomes a key aspect in climate change policy decision making. The ENBEL project will engage with key decision makers involved in climate change and health adaptation across Europe, providing knowledge, understanding interlinkages and identifying areas for action to promote climate policies that enhance health benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Health workers have been at the forefront of treating and caring for patients with COVID-19. They were often under immense pressure to care for severely ill patients with a new disease, under strict hygiene conditions and with lockdown measures creating practical barriers to working. This study aims to explore the range of mental health, financial and other practical support measures that 36 countries in Europe and Canada have put in place to support health workers and enable them to do their job. Methods We use data extracted from the COVID-19 Health Systems Response Monitor (HSRM). We only consider initiatives implemented outside of clinical settings where COVID-19 patients are treated, and therefore exclude workplace provisions such as availability of personal protective equipment, working time limits or mandatory rest periods. Results We show that countries have implemented a range of measures, ranging from mental health and well-being support initiatives, to providing bonuses and temporary salary increases. Practical measures such as childcare provision and free transport and accommodation have also been implemented to ensure health workers can get to their workplace and have their children looked after. Other initiatives such as offering continuing professional development credits for knowledge learnt during the crisis were also offered in some countries, albeit less frequently. Conclusions While a large number of initiatives have been introduced, often as ad-hoc measures, their effectiveness in helping staff is unknown in most countries. The effectiveness of these initiatives should be evaluated to inform future crisis responses and strategies for health workforce development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]