22 results on '"Lin, Cailu"'
Search Results
2. A Trefoil factor 3-Lingo2 axis restrains proliferative expansion of type-1 T helper cells during GI nematode infection
- Author
-
Ethgen, Lucas M., Pastore, Christopher, Lin, Cailu, Reed, Danielle R, Hung, Li-Yin, Douglas, Bonnie, Sinker, Dominic, Herbert, De'Broski R., and Belle, Nicole M.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Lipopolysaccharide increases bitter taste sensitivity via epigenetic changes in Tas2r gene clusters
- Author
-
Lin, Cailu, Jyotaki, Masafumi, Quinlan, John, Feng, Shan, Zhou, Minliang, Jiang, Peihua, Matsumoto, Ichiro, Huang, Liquan, Ninomiya, Yuzo, Margolskee, Robert F., Reed, Danielle R., and Wang, Hong
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Long‐term aspirin desensitization has mucosal cytokine features of immune tolerance.
- Author
-
Kohanski, Michael A., Qatanani, Anas, Lin, Cailu, Tan, Li Hui, Chang, Jeremy, Corr, Andrew, Herzberg, Sabrina, Adappa, Nithin D., Palmer, James N., Reed, Danielle R., Bosso, John V., and Cohen, Noam A.
- Subjects
IMMUNOLOGICAL tolerance ,ALLERGY desensitization ,NASAL polyps ,ASPIRIN ,CYTOKINES ,TH2 cells ,TUMOR necrosis factors - Abstract
This article discusses the long-term effects of aspirin desensitization on the inflammatory response in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). The study found that after long-term aspirin desensitization, there were significant increases in interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), suggesting a shift in the inflammatory response. These cytokines are associated with immune tolerance and may play a role in the mechanism of aspirin desensitization. However, the specific cells producing these cytokines and the role of lipid mediators in aspirin desensitization were not addressed in this study. Further research is needed to understand the cellular context and mechanisms associated with these cytokine shifts. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Microbial metabolite succinate activates solitary chemosensory cells in the human sinonasal epithelium.
- Author
-
Sell, Elizabeth A., Tan, Li Hui, Lin, Cailu, Bosso, John V., Palmer, James N., Adappa, Nithin D., Lee, Robert J., Kohanski, Michael A., Reed, Danielle R., and Cohen, Noam A.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Genetics of denatonium‐responsive bitter receptors in aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease.
- Author
-
Douglas, Jennifer E., Lin, Cailu, Mansfield, Corrine J., Bell, Katherine, Salmon, Mandy K., Kohanski, Michael A., Adappa, Nithin D., Palmer, James N., Bosso, John V., Reed, Danielle R., and Cohen, Noam A.
- Subjects
- *
GENETICS , *RESPIRATORY diseases , *TASTE disorders , *NASAL polyps , *BITTERNESS (Taste) , *TASTE perception , *UMAMI (Taste) - Abstract
AERD subjects demonstrated increased sensitivity to DB ( I p i < 0.01) and sucrose ( I p i < 0.01) compared with CRSsNP, while CRSsNP subjects demonstrated a reduced sensitivity to DB ( I p i < 0.05) and sucrose ( I p i < 0.05) compared with controls (Figure 1). It was anticipated that in AERD, unique genetic polymorphisms in DB-responsive T2Rs may result in upregulation of the receptors and resulting type-2 inflammation. Keywords: aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease; bitter; chronic rhinosinusitis; gene; open array; sensory; taste EN aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease bitter chronic rhinosinusitis gene open array sensory taste 269 272 4 02/21/23 20230301 NES 230301 INTRODUCTION Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), a disease of long-standing sinonasal inflammation, is divided into two phenotypes: CRS with and without nasal polyposis (CRSwNP, CRSsNP). [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Taste loss as a distinct symptom of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Author
-
Hannum, Mackenzie E, Koch, Riley J, Ramirez, Vicente A, Marks, Sarah S, Toskala, Aurora K, Herriman, Riley D, Lin, Cailu, Joseph, Paule V, and Reed, Danielle R
- Abstract
Chemosensory scientists have been skeptical that reports of COVID-19 taste loss are genuine, in part because before COVID-19 taste loss was rare and often confused with smell loss. Therefore, to establish the predicted prevalence rate of taste loss in COVID-19 patients, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 376 papers published in 2020–2021, with 235 meeting all inclusion criteria. Drawing on previous studies and guided by early meta-analyses, we explored how methodological differences (direct vs. self-report measures) may affect these estimates. We hypothesized that direct measures of taste are at least as sensitive as those obtained by self-report and that the preponderance of evidence confirms taste loss is a symptom of COVID-19. The meta-analysis showed that, among 138,015 COVID-19-positive patients, 36.62% reported taste dysfunction (95% confidence interval: 33.02%–40.39%), and the prevalence estimates were slightly but not significantly higher from studies using direct (n = 15) versus self-report (n = 220) methodologies (Q = 1.73, df = 1, P = 0.1889). Generally, males reported lower rates of taste loss than did females, and taste loss was highest among middle-aged adults. Thus, taste loss is likely a bona fide symptom of COVID-19, meriting further research into the most appropriate direct methods to measure it and its underlying mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Steroid affected cytokines in aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease.
- Author
-
Tan, Li Hui, Lin, Cailu, Ungerer, Heather, Kumar, Ankur, Qatanani, Anas, Adappa, Nithin D., Palmer, James N., Bosso, John V., Reed, Danielle, Cohen, Noam A., and Kohanski, Michael A.
- Subjects
- *
RESPIRATORY diseases , *CYTOKINES , *CHEMOKINES , *INTERLEUKIN-33 , *INTERLEUKIN-10 , *MYELOGRAPHY - Abstract
Background: Patients with aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) are among the most challenging rhinologic patients to treat. AERD has a complex inflammatory milieu of lipid mediators and cytokines. In this study we evaluated cytokine differences in the complex AERD environment at the mucus, epithelial, and tissue levels. Methods: Samples were acquired at the time of sinus surgery from 21 patients (seven steroid‐treated, 14 untreated) with aspirin challenge‐confirmed AERD. Three methods (sponge adsorption, epithelial brushing, tissue biopsy) were used to acquire samples from the respective sinus sampling sites (mucus, polyp epithelium, and full‐thickness polyp) of each patient. We measured and compared 16 cytokine concentrations in AERD patients with or without prednisone treatment using the Luminex platform. Results: In most sampling sites, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐13, IL‐33, CCL20, and TNF‐α were detected at higher concentrations than IFN‐γ, IL‐1β, IL‐17A, IL‐4, IL‐22, IL‐17E/IL25, and GM‐CSF. Each sampling site had a different pattern of cytokine levels, and except for IL‐5 and IL‐25 there was no correlation among sampling methods for each cytokine tested. The most notable and significant decreases in cytokines from those treated with prednisone were observed in the epithelium for IL‐5, IL‐10, IL‐33, and IFN‐γ. Conclusions: In the epithelial samples, type 2‐associated cytokines IL‐5 and IL‐33, the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10, and IFN‐γ were lower in AERD patients treated with prednisone. This work serves as a basis to assess therapeutic‐induced mucosal cytokine responses in AERD and indicates that the site of cytokine measurement is an important consideration when assessing results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Taste loss as a distinct symptom of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Author
-
Hannum, Mackenzie E, Koch, Riley J, Ramirez, Vicente A, Marks, Sarah S, Toskala, Aurora K, Herriman, Riley D, Lin, Cailu, Joseph, Paule V, and Reed, Danielle R
- Abstract
Chemosensory scientists have been skeptical that reports of COVID-19 taste loss are genuine, in part because before COVID-19 taste loss was rare and often confused with smell loss. Therefore, to establish the predicted prevalence rate of taste loss in COVID-19 patients, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 376 papers published in 2020–2021, with 241 meeting all inclusion criteria. Drawing on previous studies and guided by early meta-analyses, we explored how methodological differences (direct vs. self-report measures) may affect these estimates. We hypothesized that direct measures of taste are at least as sensitive as those obtained by self-report and that the preponderance of evidence confirms taste loss is a symptom of COVID-19. The meta-analysis showed that, among 138,897 COVID-19-positive patients, 39.2% reported taste dysfunction (95% confidence interval: 35.34%–43.12%), and the prevalence estimates were slightly but not significantly higher from studies using direct (n = 18) versus self-report (n = 223) methodologies (Q = 0.57, df = 1, P = 0.45). Generally, males reported lower rates of taste loss than did females, and taste loss was highest among middle-aged adults. Thus, taste loss is likely a bona fide symptom of COVID-19, meriting further research into the most appropriate direct methods to measure it and its underlying mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Association between the HLA‐DQA1 rs1391371 risk allele and chronic rhinosinusitis.
- Author
-
Arnold, Monique C., Poonia, Seerat, Colquitt, Lauren, Lin, Cailu, Civantos, Alyssa, Kohanski, Michael, Adappa, Nithin D., Palmer, James N., Reed, Danielle R., and Cohen, Noam A.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Bitter Taste Receptors and Chronic Otitis Media.
- Author
-
Kaufman, Adam C., Colquitt, Lauren, Ruckenstein, Michael J., Bigelow, Douglas C., Eliades, Steven J., Xiong, Guoxiang, Lin, Cailu, Reed, Danielle R., and Cohen, Noam A.
- Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the presence of bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) in the middle ear and to examine their relationship with chronic ear infections. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Tertiary care hospital. Methods: This study enrolled 84 patients being evaluated for otologic surgery: 40 for chronic otitis media (COM) and 44 for other surgical procedures (controls). We collected a small piece of mucosa from 14 patients for mRNA analysis and from 23 patients for immunohistochemistry. A total of 55 patients underwent a double-blind taste test to gauge sensitivity to phenylthiocarbamide, denatonium, quinine, sucrose, and sodium chloride; 47 patients gave a salivary sample for single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis of rs1376251 (TAS2R50) and rs1726866 (TAS2R38). Results: Bitter taste receptors were found in all samples, but the repertoire varied among patients. T2R50 was the most consistently identified receptor by mRNA analysis. Its rs1376251 allele was related to susceptibility to COM but not the expression pattern of T2R50. Ratings of bitterness intensity of phenylthiocarbamide, a ligand for T2R38, differed significantly between the COM and control groups. Conclusion: T2Rs were found within the middle ear of every patient sampled; the rs1376251 allele of TAS2R50 appears to be related to chronic ear infections. These receptors are an intriguing target for future research and possible drug targeting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Reply: taste loss as a distinct symptom of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Author
-
Hannum, Mackenzie E, Koch, Riley J, Ramirez, Vicente A, Marks, Sarah S, Toskala, Aurora K, Herriman, Riley D, Lin, Cailu, Joseph, Paule V, and Reed, Danielle R
- Abstract
A letter to the editor of the journal "Chemical Senses" acknowledges concerns about overestimating taste loss as a symptom of COVID-19. The overestimate may have been due to including studies that used unvalidated sensory tests and had biased participant selection. The authors of the letter admit to including six biased studies and have removed them from the analysis, with no change in the outcomes or conclusions. They also mention the importance of including studies with validated methods in future meta-analyses. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Worldwide study of the taste of bitter medicines and their modifiers.
- Author
-
Nguyen H, Lin C, Bell K, Huang A, Hannum M, Ramirez V, Christensen C, Rawson NE, Colquitt L, Domanico P, Sasimovich I, Herriman R, Joseph P, Braimah O, and Reed DR
- Abstract
The bitter taste of medicines hinders patient compliance, but not everyone experiences these difficulties because people worldwide differ in their bitterness perception. To better understand how people from diverse ancestries perceive medicines and taste modifiers, 338 adults, European and recent US and Canada immigrants from Asia, South Asia, and Africa, rated the bitterness intensity of taste solutions on a 100-point generalized visual analog scale and provided a saliva sample for genotyping. The taste solutions were five medicines, tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), moxifloxacin, praziquantel, amodiaquine, and propylthiouracil (PROP), and four other solutions, TAF mixed with sucralose (sweet, reduces bitterness) or 6-methylflavone (tasteless, reduces bitterness), sucralose alone, and sodium chloride alone. Bitterness ratings differed by ancestry for two of the five drugs (amodiaquine and PROP) and for TAF mixed with sucralose. Genetic analysis showed that people with variants in one bitter receptor variant gene ( TAS2R 38) reported PROP was more bitter than did those with a different variant (p= 7.6e-19) and that people with either an RIMS2 or a THSD4 genotype found sucralose more bitter than did others (p=2.6e-8, p=7.9e-11, resp.). Our findings may help guide the formulation of bad-tasting medicines to meet the needs of those most sensitive to them.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Effects of genetics on odor perception: Can a quick smell test effectively screen everyone?
- Author
-
Hunter SR, Lin C, Nguyen H, Hannum ME, Bell K, Huang A, Joseph PV, Parma V, Dalton PH, and Reed DR
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Male, Adult, Middle Aged, Olfaction Disorders diagnosis, Olfaction Disorders genetics, Young Adult, Olfactory Perception, Aged, Genotype, Anosmia diagnosis, Anosmia genetics, Odorants analysis, Smell physiology
- Abstract
SCENTinel, a rapid smell test designed to screen for olfactory disorders, including anosmia (no ability to smell an odor) and parosmia (distorted sense of smell), measures 4 components of olfactory function: detection, intensity, identification, and pleasantness. Each test card contains one of 9 odorant mixtures. Some people born with genetic insensitivities to specific odorants (i.e. specific anosmia) may fail the test if they cannot smell an odorant but otherwise have a normal sense of smell. However, using odorant mixtures has largely been found to prevent this from happening. To better understand whether genetic differences affect SCENTinel test results, we asked genetically informative adult participants (twins or triplets, N = 630; singletons, N = 370) to complete the SCENTinel test. A subset of twins (n = 304) also provided a saliva sample for genotyping. We examined data for differences between the 9 possible SCENTinel odors; effects of age, sex, and race on SCENTinel performance, test-retest variability; and heritability using both structured equation modeling and SNP-based statistical methods. None of these strategies provided evidence for specific anosmia for any of the odors, but ratings of pleasantness were, in part, genetically determined (h2 = 0.40) and were nominally associated with alleles of odorant receptors (e.g. OR2T33 and OR1G1; P < 0.001). These results provide evidence that using odorant mixtures protected against effects of specific anosmia for ratings of intensity but that ratings of pleasantness showed effects of inheritance, possibly informed by olfactory receptor genotypes., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. "MrgprA3 neurons selectively control myeloid-derived cytokines for IL-17 dependent cutaneous immunity".
- Author
-
Inclan-Rico JM, Napuri CM, Lin C, Hung LY, Ferguson AA, Wu Q, Pastore CF, Stephenson A, Femoe UM, Rossi HL, Reed DR, Luo W, Abdus-Saboor I, and Herbert DR
- Abstract
Skin employs interdependent cellular networks to facilitate barrier integrity and host immunity through ill-defined mechanisms. This study demonstrates that manipulation of itch-sensing neurons bearing the Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor A3 (MrgprA3) drives IL-17+ γδ T cell expansion, epidermal thickening, and resistance to the human pathogen Schistosoma mansoni through mechanisms that require myeloid antigen presenting cells (APC). Activated MrgprA3 neurons instruct myeloid APCs to downregulate interleukin 33 (IL-33) and up-regulate TNFα partially through the neuropeptide calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP). Strikingly, cell-intrinsic deletion of IL-33 in myeloid APC basally alters chromatin accessibility at inflammatory cytokine loci and promotes IL-17/23-dependent epidermal thickening, keratinocyte hyperplasia, and resistance to helminth infection. Our findings reveal a previously undescribed mechanism of intercellular cross-talk wherein "itch" neuron activation reshapes myeloid cytokine expression patterns to alter skin composition for cutaneous immunity against invasive pathogens., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests. Authors have no conflicts to declare.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. [WITHDRAWN] Neuron-dependent tuft cell expansion initiates sinonasal allergic Type 2 inflammation.
- Author
-
Ortiz-Carpena JF, Inclan-Rico JM, Pastore CF, Hung LY, Wilkerson WB, Weiner MB, Lin C, Gentile ME, Cohen NA, Saboor IA, Vaughan AE, Rossi HL, and Herbert DR
- Abstract
The authors have withdrawn this manuscript owing to inaccuracies in the calculation of tuft cell numbers and errors in the selection of immunofluorescence images used to support our claims. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Editorial: Herbal medicines and their metabolites: effects on lipid metabolic disorders via modulating oxidative stress.
- Author
-
Chen Y, Xie Y, Lin C, and Peng W
- Abstract
Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Thiazolidinediones are partially effective bitter blockers.
- Author
-
Nguyen H, Lin C, Sasimovich I, Bell K, Huang A, Leszkowicz E, Rawson NE, and Reed DR
- Abstract
Purpose: The bad bitter taste of some medicines is a barrier to overcoming non-compliance with medication use, especially life-saving drugs given to children and the elderly. Here we evaluated a new class of bitter blockers (thiazolidinediones; TZDs)., Methods: In this study, two TZDs were tested, rosiglitazone (ROSI) and a simpler form of TZD, using a high-potency sweetener as a positive control (neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, NHDC). We tested bitter-blocking effects using the bitter drugs tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF), a treatment for HIV and hepatitis B infection, and praziquantel (PRAZ), a treatment for schistosomiasis, by conducting taste testing with two separate taste panels: a general panel (N=97, 20-23 yrs, 82.5% female, all Eastern European) and a genetically informative panel (N=158, including 68 twin pairs, 18-82 yrs, 76% female, 87% European ancestry). Participants rated the bitterness intensity of the solutions on a 100-point generalized visual analog scale., Findings: Participants in both taste panels rated the bitter drugs TAF and PRAZ as less bitter on average when mixed with NHDC than when sampled alone. ROSI partially suppressed the bitterness of TAF and PRAZ, but effectiveness differed between the two panels: bitterness was significantly reduced for PRAZ but not TAF in the general panel and for TAF but not PRAZ in the genetically informative panel. ROSI was a more effective blocker than the other TZD., Implications: These results suggest that TZDs are partially effective bitter blockers, suggesting other TZDs should be designed and tested with more drugs and on diverse populations to define which ones work best with which drugs and for whom. The discovery of bitter receptor blockers can improve compliance with medication use., Competing Interests: Declarations of interest: none
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Low to moderate genetic influences on the rapid smell test SCENTinel ™ .
- Author
-
Hunter SR, Lin C, Hannum ME, Bell K, Huang A, Joseph PV, Parma V, Dalton PH, and Reed DR
- Abstract
SCENTinel
™ - a rapid, inexpensive smell test that measures odor detection, intensity, identification, and pleasantness - was developed for population-wide screening of smell function. SCENTinel™ was previously found to screen for multiple types of smell disorders. However, the effect of genetic variability on SCENTinel™ test performance is unknown, which could affect the test's validity. This study assessed performance of SCENTinel™ in a large group of individuals with a normal sense of smell to determine the test-retest reliability and the heritability of SCENTinel™ test performance. One thousand participants (36 [IQR 26-52] years old, 72% female, 80% white) completed a SCENTinel™ test at the 2021 and 2022 Twins Days Festivals in Twinsburg, OH, and 118 of those completed a SCENTinel™ test on each of the festival's two days. Participants comprised 55% percent monozygotic twins, 13% dizygotic twins, 0.4% triplets, and 36% singletons. We found that 97% of participants passed the SCENTinel™ test. Test-retest reliability ranged from 0.57 to 0.71 for SCENTinel™ subtests. Broad-sense heritability, based on 246 monozygotic and 62 dizygotic twin dyads, was low for odor intensity (r=0.03) and moderate for odor pleasantness (r=0.4). Together, this study suggests that SCENTinel™ is a reliable smell test with only moderate heritability effects, which further supports its utility for population-wide screening for smell function., Competing Interests: Conflict of interests On behalf of MEH, VP, PHD, and DRR, the Monell Chemical Senses Center and Temple University have been awarded patent protection (US patent no. 11,337,640) and this patent has been licensed to Ahersla Health, Inc. The authors may benefit financially through their institution’s patent policy. SRH, CL, KB, AH, and PVJ declare no conflicts of interest.- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Inflammation induces bitter taste oversensitization via epigenetic changes in Tas2r gene clusters.
- Author
-
Lin C, Jyotaki M, Quinlan J, Feng S, Zhou M, Jiang P, Matsumoto I, Huang L, Ninomiya Y, Margolskee RF, Reed DR, and Wang H
- Abstract
T2R bitter receptors, encoded by Tas2r genes, are not only critical for bitter taste signal transduction but also important for defense against bacteria and parasites. However, little is known about whether and how Tas2r gene expression are regulated. Here we show that, in an inflammation model mimicking bacterial infection, the expression of many Tas2rs are significantly up-regulated and mice displayed markedly increased neural and behavioral responses to bitter compounds. Using single-cell assays for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing (scATAC-seq), we found that the chromatin accessibility of Tas2rs was highly cell type specific and inflammation increased the accessibility of many Tas2rs . scATAC-seq also revealed substantial chromatin remodeling in immune response genes in taste tissue stem cells, suggesting potential long-term effects. Together, our results suggest an epigenetic mechanism connecting inflammation, Tas2r gene regulation, and altered bitter taste, which may explain heightened bitter taste that can occur with infections and cancer treatments.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Taste loss as a distinct symptom of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Author
-
Hannum ME, Koch RJ, Ramirez VA, Marks SS, Toskala AK, Herriman RD, Lin C, Joseph PV, and Reed DR
- Abstract
Chemosensory scientists have been skeptical that reports of COVID-19 taste loss are genuine, in part because before COVID-19, taste loss was rare and often confused with smell loss. Therefore, to establish the predicted prevalence rate of taste loss in COVID-19 patients, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 376 papers published in 2020-2021, with 241 meeting all inclusion criteria. Additionally, we explored how methodological differences (direct vs. self-report measures) may affect these estimates. We hypothesized that direct prevalence measures of taste loss would be the most valid because they avoid the taste/smell confusion of self-report. The meta-analysis showed that, among 138,897 COVID-19-positive patients, 39.2% reported taste dysfunction (95% CI: 35.34-43.12%), and the prevalence estimates were slightly but not significantly higher from studies using direct (n = 18) versus self-report (n = 223) methodologies (Q = 0.57, df = 1, p = 0.45). Generally, males reported lower rates of taste loss than did females and taste loss was highest in middle-aged groups. Thus, taste loss is a bona fide symptom COVID-19, meriting further research into the most appropriate direct methods to measure it and its underlying mechanisms.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. The genetics of eating behaviors: research in the age of COVID-19.
- Author
-
Hannum ME, Lin C, Bell K, Toskala A, Koch R, Galaniha T, Nolden A, Reed DR, and Joseph P
- Abstract
How much pleasure we take in eating is more than just how much we enjoy the taste of food. Food involvement - the amount of time we spend on food beyond the immediate act of eating and tasting - is key to the human food experience. We took a biological approach to test whether food-related behaviors, together capturing food involvement, have genetic components and are partly due to inherited variation. We collected data via an internet survey from a genetically informative sample of 419 adult twins (114 monozygotic twin pairs, 31 dizygotic twin pairs, and 129 singletons). Because we conducted this research during the pandemic, we also ascertained how many participants had experienced COVID-19-associated loss of taste and smell. Since these respondents had previously participated in research in person, we measured their level of engagement to evaluate the quality of their online responses. Additive genetics explained 16-44% of the variation in some measures of food involvement, most prominently various aspects of cooking, suggesting some features of the human food experience may be inborn. Other features reflected shared (early) environment, captured by respondents' twin status. About 6% of participants had a history of COVID-19 infection, many with transitory taste and smell loss, but all but one had recovered before the survey. Overall, these results suggest that people may have inborn as well as learned variations in their involvement with food. We also learned to adapt to research during a pandemic by considering COVID-19 status and measuring engagement in online studies of human eating behavior.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.