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This paper investigates the role of Islamic faith‐based organisations (FBOs) in Indonesia and examines the way in which their disaster recovery aid can be successful or less successful depending on social capital formation in communities affected by a disaster. The paper argues that Islamic FBOs play a prominent role in disaster‐affected communities by building new social capital or strengthening existing social capital. Failure to do so may affect a community's recovery and its long‐term resilience. Applying a framework that considers three types of social capital—bonding, bridging, and linking—from a comparative perspective, the paper discusses two cases of disaster recovery: one following the earthquake that struck Aceh in 2013; and the other after the Mount Kelud volcanic eruptions in East Java in 2014. In both instances, the findings highlight the importance of the village facilitator, cultural sensitivity, and understanding of local indigenous and religious practices for successful disaster recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Signalized intersections that are pretimed are commonly used in rapidly developing cities with diverse traffic patterns, including those found in Indonesia. These intersections are a common source of congestion and delays in road networks, particularly when there is non-lane based (NLB) traffic in urban areas. Accurate estimation of both the base saturation flow rate and capacity is essential for this type of facility, as an error in the prediction of the base saturation flow rate can result in significant bias in capacity evaluation and design at signalized intersections. The estimation of capacity at signalized intersections is critical for ensuring optimal signal timings, minimizing delay, and reducing congestion. Heterogeneous traffic, which refers to the presence of various types of vehicles with distinct static and dynamic characteristics, is a common phenomenon. To address this issue, this paper presents a modeling approach for the SFR that takes into account heterogeneous traffic and NLB movements. Indonesia, being an archipelago with 34 provinces, served as the focus of this study, which specifically concentrated on Banda Aceh, the capital province of Aceh province. Employing primary and observed data collected at a specific, predetermined signalized timing, this study aimed to investigate the impact of intersection geometry and heterogeneous traffic composition on the SFR. By adopting the modeling approach for NLB movements, the study formulated the BSFR model. To estimate the scale parameters of the BSFR, the multiple linear regression approach was utilized. The analysis results reveal that the existing BSFR based on the IHCM formula gives a substantially biased estimation because the PCEs from the Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual (IHCM) are underestimated. This source of error could be partially due to the heterogeneous (varied vehicle composition) traffic flow with NLB movements, unlike that observed under the prevailing conditions of IHCM 1997. The empirical results show that the existing IHCM should be improved to avoid overestimation, particularly for effective approach width (We) greater than 4.5 m. A comparison of the BSFR prediction model between IHCM's PCEs and new PCEs shows that the BSFR is predicted more accurately in the latter case. This finding demonstrates that the existing IHCM can be adjusted in two ways: adjusting PCEs or calibrating the BSFR formula. The proposed models can also enhance the accuracy of BSFR prediction, leading to better signalized intersection capacity estimation, providing support for designing traffic operation, alleviating traffic congestion, and reducing congestion delay within the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: This work applies machine learning to enhance the prediction of deforestation related to oil palm. This research can be used for decision makers trying to foresee and manage deforestation caused by palm oil production. Providing information about deforestation prediction can help users to make appropriate decisions about where and when they can establish new plantations to ensure a sustainable oil palm production. Deforestation is recognized as an issue that has negative effects on the ecosystem. Predicting deforestation and defining the causes of deforestation is an important process that could help monitor and prevent deforestation. Deforestation prediction has been boosted by recent advances in geospatial technologies and applications, especially remote sensing technologies and machine learning techniques. This paper highlights the issue of predicting deforestation related to oil palm, which has not been focused on in existing research studies. The paper proposes an approach that aims to enhance the prediction of deforestation related to oil palm plantations and palm oil production. The proposed approach is based on a conceptual framework and an assessment of a set of criteria related to such deforestation. The criteria are assessed and validated based on a sensitivity analysis. The framework is based on machine learning and image processing techniques. It consists of three main steps, which are data preparation, model training, and validation. The framework is implemented in a case study in the Aceh province of Indonesia to show the feasibility of our proposed approach in predicting deforestation related to oil palm. The implementation of the proposed approach shows an acceptable accuracy for predicting deforestation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reflects on the progress of tsunami preparedness in a coastal community in Aceh, Indonesia, nearly two decades after the catastrophic 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. The research employs a comprehensive approach to thoroughly evaluate and comprehend the community's preparedness, its correlation with local perceptions of tsunami risk, and delves into the prevalence of tsunamis in the area, with a specific emphasis on the significant impact of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami on the coastal community of Aceh. To investigate the community's readiness and the potential impacts of tsunamis at the study site, tsunami simulations were performed using the shallow water equation within the COMCOT (Cornell Multi-grid Coupled Tsunami) model. These simulations assessed run-up and inundation scenarios, thereby providing justification for the potential tsunami impact in the area. Modelling the scenario of tsunami in the region is important to measure the potential impact and estimation time for community to prepare the evacuation plan. In addition to the numerical modeling, a mixed-method approach was employed, involving the distribution of questionnaires and conducting in-depth interviews with 150 respondents directly on-site. These assessments yielded valuable insights into community perspectives on tsunami risk and their preparedness measures. The findings contribute to the development of effective strategies for disaster management by integrating local knowledge, experiences, and socialization programs. The study emphasizes the significance of ongoing endeavors to enhance community preparedness and mitigate the consequences of tsunamis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fly ash waste is a by-product of coal burning at PLTU Nagan Raya, Aceh Province, Indonesia. Since 2017, the coal used is a mixture of 90% Kalimantan coal (sub-bituminous) and 10% local Nagan Raya coal (lignite) which is still young so that the mineral ash content is still high. Silica is among the interesting minerals to be extracted from fly ash, given its wide range of benefits. This paper describes the process of extracting silica from fly ash at the Aceh power plant through the leaching method using a chemical solution and heating for 2 and 4 hours at a temperature of 100°C. The difference in heat treatment aimed to study the changes in properties and obtain the best method in the silica extraction process. The effect of heat treatment on silica characteristics was studied based on X Ray Diffraction (XRD) test for phase identification, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) test for morphological identification, Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) test for mineralogy element identification, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) test for identification of functional groups and surface chemistry, and differential calorimetric analysis/thermogravimetric (DSC/TGA) test for identification of thermal properties. As a result, it was found that fly ash still contains unburned carbon, which significantly affects its color, and has the potential for application as a hydrogen storage material because its pore diameter structure is larger than 0.7 nm. The silica extracted from fly ash is capable of achieving a purity of up to 87% and exhibits excellent thermal stability, especially at temperatures between 120-300 °C; thus, it has the potential to be a catalyst material in the adsorption-desorption reaction of hydrogen by magnesium, although further research is still needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country in the world, with 17,000 islands of varying sizes and elevations, from lowlands to very high mountains, stretching more than 5000 km eastward from Sabang in Aceh to Merauke in Papua. Although occupying only 1.3% of the world's land area, Indonesia possesses the third-largest rainforest and the second-highest level of biodiversity, with very high species diversity and endemism. However, during the last two decades, Indonesia has been known as a country with a high level of deforestation, a producer of smoke from burning forests and land, and a producer of carbon emissions. The aim of this paper is to review the environmental history and the long process of Indonesian forest management towards achieving environmental sustainability and community welfare. To do this, we analyze the milestones of Indonesian forest management history, present and future challenges, and provide strategic recommendations toward a viable Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) system. Our review showed that the history of forestry management in Indonesia has evolved through a long process, especially related to contestation over the control of natural resources and supporting policies and regulations. During the process, many efforts have been applied to reduce the deforestation rate, such as a moratorium on permitting primary natural forest and peat land, land rehabilitation and soil conservation, environmental protection, and other significant regulations. Therefore, these efforts should be maintained and improved continuously in the future due to their significant positive impacts on a variety of forest areas toward the achievement of viable SFM. Finally, we conclude that the Indonesian government has struggled to formulate sustainable forest management policies that balance economic, ecological, and social needs, among others, through developing and implementing social forestry instruments, developing and implementing human resource capacity, increasing community literacy, strengthening forest governance by eliminating ambiguity and overlapping regulations, simplification of bureaucracy, revitalization of traditional wisdom, and fair law enforcement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the promulgation of Law Number 44 of 1999 concerning the Implementation of the Privileges of Aceh, almost all regions in Indonesia have enacted sharia regulations. This caused the penetration of Islamic values through legal regulations in the form of regional regulations. This paper aims to trace the influence of sharia-based local regulation in society through sociology and cultural studies, which is to refine the existent perspectives, such as a single sociological perspective or a single law perspective. The method used in this paper is juridical-sociological to obtain primary data from legislation and cultural studies and secondary data from previous research and phenomena. The finding of this paper is that the administrative defects of the legal content in the sharia-based regional regulations produce a sociological effect on one legal object, namely women in public spaces in the form of public schools. Furthermore, a newer hypothesis is also presented that stresses how regional regulations with sharia nuances leave permanent social effects on female students in public schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aceh is the only province in Indonesia with an exceptional degree of autonomy to implement Sharia. This paper explores how Serambi Indonesia—the leading Acehnese local newspaper—framed the implementation of Sharia in the region. This study employed content analysis of the Sharia coverage in Aceh from 2012 to 2020 using a hybrid approach, combining issue-specific and generic frames. The results revealed the four identified frames: Sharia codification, deviance from Sharia, desirable Sharia enforcement, and Islamic morality. among those frames, the deviance from Sharia was much preferred. The frame prominence was more prevalent after Qanun Jinayat (Islamic Criminal Bylaw) took into effect in Aceh. It was also given more prominence on the front page than on other pages. However, other frames made up 60% of the articles, implying that the Acehnese local newspaper positively represented the implementation of Sharia in Aceh while highlighting Sharia problems surrounding its enforcement. These findings exemplify the use of a hybrid approach to better examine the media frames, support the effect of critical events on changes in the media frames, and confirm the different prominence of the frame based on the page placement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article engages with an under-researched field that specifically looks into the gendered nature of women education leaders' agency in the context of Islamic boarding schools in post-tsunami and post-war Aceh province of Indonesia. The key aim of this paper is to understand various ways in which Acehnese women educators' negotiate and navigate restricted, gendered and religiously orthodox spaces. We analyse the role of grassroots education actors in processes of societal transformation and peacebuilding through a gender-specific lens, to explore our contextual understanding of agency through a cultural political economy approach, complemented with insights from critical and decolonial peace education. By presenting the often silenced and marginalized stories of women leaders, educators and grassroots actors, we explore their views and experiences in – consciously or unconsciously – transforming or reproducing existing (in)equalities and potential conflict-triggers in contemporary Aceh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why did the 2005 Helsinki Agreement lead to peace in Aceh while the 2000 Humanitarian Pause and the 2002 Cessation of Hostilities Agreement floundered? This paper argues that a decidedly illiberal peace-building approach led to the cessation of hostilities and subsequent peace in the Indonesian province. Conflict termination in Aceh was premised on the transition from a wartime political order to a peacetime order. The shift from a wartime to peacetime political order entailed the assuaging and renegotiating of patronage, rent-seeking privileges and social hierarchies that existed during the conflict. The end of the Aceh conflict led to the perpetuation of the wartime elite's stranglehold over the province's political economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Any public infrastructure has a set service life limit. In the Indonesian case, the public building has a 50-year design life. This paper presents a performance assessment of a multiple-story building in Aceh-Indonesia. A multi-story Faculty of Engineering Universitas Syiah Kuala building was used in this study. This multi-story building structure has been used for more than 24 years since it was built in 1998. This structure is 29.4 m long, 13 m wide, and 14.4 m tall in geometric terms. This study reveals how this three-story building behaves, including displacement, base shear, and structure performance level per ASCE 41-17 criteria. The processes in this study are broken down into various stages, including pushover analysis and comparing the building's current natural frequency. ETABS software was used to model building structures. According to the study, the building's performance is still more or less similar to the initial plan. Pushover in the X-direction (Push X) is believed to be immediate occupancy (IO), and pushover in the Y-direction (Push Y) is believed to be life safety (LS). The pushover analysis results for Push X suggested that the structure is safe and retains rigidity. Push Y indicated minor damage within the life safety category after a service life of 24 years. This pushover analysis indicated that the structure has reduced its rigidity, making it less able to resist further displacement. Based on the base shear, which experiences a displacement that is significantly greater than the estimate at the original planning stage, it is known that stiffness decreases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to analyse the implementation of Islamic principles and values within the budgetary management of one of Indonesia's local governments, that of Aceh provincial government. The authors investigate the extent of Islamic teachings in Aceh's public budgeting to gain an understanding of the challenges in implementing such ideas in practice. Design/methodology/approach: To investigate these issues, the authors used a qualitative interpretive approach in this study, gathering written materials related to the budgeting process and conducting 19 interviews with local government officials, politicians, scholars and a corruption watchdog. Data was manually coded and thematically analysed. Findings: In this study, the authors find that the budgetary management problems Aceh provincial government faces (including poor resource allocation, budget delays and poor accountability and transparency) indicate unsatisfactory performance in incorporating Islamic principles and values into government. The authors argue that a key challenge to a more complete implementation is that the Acehnese' perspectives of Sharī'ah and its enactment remain limited to particular aspects, such as criminal law, rituals and symbols, and are not extended to wider governance and budgetary practices. Practical implications: The findings are likely to be of interest to policymakers and those who hold them to account, in a region/country where Islamic values and principles largely influence the government and social affairs. They indicate that a broader conception of Sharī'ah would facilitate a more thorough implementation of Islamic principles and values within public budgeting. Originality/value: This study is one of a handful of studies exploring Islamic public budgeting, with its originality lying in the investigation of the challenges faced in implementing Islamic principles in government budgeting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a post-earthquake damage assessment of the 6.5 Mw earthquake in Pidie Jaya, Indonesia which occurred on December, 7th 2016. The earthquake killed 112 people and caused the collapse of about 3000 buildings. The assessment started on the day after the earthquake. The survey covered nine sub-districts of Pidie Jaya regency in the Province of Aceh, northern Sumatra. The post-event damage assessment was conducted by a team of researchers from Syiah Kuala University and local authorities. The damage survey assessed the damage levels of residential houses, school buildings and markets. The most common construction damages reported in this article are failures of reinforced concrete, confined masonry and timber structures. The ground motion field was modeled using Openquake application and the site response employed Vs30 values inferred from topography. This calculated ground motion was compared to data from post-earthquake field assessment reports. The highest percentage of heavy damage was recorded in the area of the fault rupture and along the shorelines area. The types of failure observed are summarized in the context of Indonesian construction practice, with particular reference to the seismic resilience of the Rumoh Aceh traditional wood construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This research is concerned with the development of Salam, which caters for the specific needs of farmers, who form a vital yet fragile group in most developing nations. Based on the local context of Aceh Province in Indonesia which is considered to be parallel with other developing countries, the purpose of this paper is to embrace the whole set of issues and sketch out an extended Business Model Canvas (BMC) for Salam financing by delineating the three W's of What, Why and How Salam can be offered by Islamic Banks (IBs). Design/methodology/Approach: In-depth interviews were conducted with key stakeholders comprising of farmers, higher-ranking bankers of IBs, members of the Syariah Supervisory Board and academicians who are experts in Islamic finance. The re sults of the interviews added to a review of the literature were also mapped onto an extended canvas model. Findings: Several interesting insights are derived and, primarily, that Salam is a feasible product to be offered by IBs, provided that there is a significant change in the thinking paradigm and risk mitigation models by all stakeholders, but mainly the IBs and the regulators. Research limitations/implications: This study may be limited in the number and range of respondents who were chosen for interview. There are possibly other key informants, such as regulators and local custom figures, who may willing to provide useful information. The application of BMC for Salam may also be relatively new, hence its justification for a wider implementation may still need further analysis. Originality/value: This study is deemed to add significant perspectives on product development and innovation in Islamic banking and particularly regarding Salam. This study advances the method used to study Salam by contextualising the product mapping of Salam into an extended BMC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have reported that second language (L2) learners filter non-native L2 sounds through their existing native or first language (L1) sounds when learning L2 sounds. The degree of similarity between L1 and L2 sounds can predict the ease of acquisition of non-native L2 sounds. In the context of English language learning in Indonesia, most learners are likely to speak two languages before they learn English at school; Acehnese is not without any exception. As a result, they have larger phonemic inventories to rely on when learning English sounds. This study seeks to investigate how Acehnese-Indonesian bilinguals perceive five sets of vowel contrast in English (i.e.,/ɪ/-/iː/,/æ/-/ɛ/,/ʌ/-/ɑː/,/ʊ/-/uː/, and/ɑː/-/ɔː/). A special focus is given to their perception of English vowel contrasts that are new, similar, and identical to Acehnese and Indonesian vowels. A group of 31 high school students (N=31) from an Islamic boarding school in Aceh participated in this study. An AX test comprising repetition and minimal pairs of English vowel contrasts in CVC word contexts was randomly presented to the students. The data were analysed by comparing the means of each vowel pair followed by a general linear model statistical analysis and interpreted based on speech perception and production models. The findings indicate that the Acehnese-Indonesian bilinguals discriminate the vowel pairs/æ/-/ɜː/and/ɑː/-/ɔː/better than the/ɪ/-/iː/,/ʌ/-/ɑː/and/ɑː/-/ɔː/pairs. The vowel pairs in which both vowels are novel to Acehnese and Indonesian were moderately discriminated compared to the pairs in which one vowel is similar in both Acehnese and Indonesian. It can be said that students perceived pairs with one vowel similar to Acehnese-Indonesian better than pairs with both vowels or one vowel novel in Acehnese and Indonesian. The findings reported in the paper are expected to inform pedagogic practices, particularly in the development of materials for the teaching of English pronunciation. English teachers in Aceh may incorporate Acehnese words that have similar sounds to English while emphasizing the novel sounds which are absent from the Acehnese vowel system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gayo Lues District is known as Citronella and Arabica coffee producer in Aceh province, Indonesia. This paper aims to manage Citronella and Arabica coffee's land arrangement in the Gayo Lues District's cultivated area. This implementation is aimed at maintaining the peculiarities of citronella products and Arabica coffee. Thus, the two commodities must be separated in terms of allocated sites. The altitude for the area is 200-2,000 meters above sea level, consisting of ten classes, and the type of soils are Entisols, Oxisols, Inceptisols, and Ultisols. The area's slope between 0- to 40% (4 classes) was used to delineate the land units. There are 49 land units observed within the cultivated area of 160,017.17 ha. The guidelines for land suitability classification by the Ministry of Agriculture for Citronella and Center for Coffee and Cocoa Research, Jember for Arabica coffee were utilized. The results showed that 58,275.5 hectares of land were suitable for citronella, and 13,765.75 ha has been planted. The actual land suitability of citronella inside the area of 58,275.5 ha is suitable (S2 class) and marginally suitable (S3-class) and not suitable (N-class) with limiting factors are temperature, water availability, erosion hazard, and nutrient retention. This land suitability can be improved by providing inputs to increase the level of suitability with temperature, water availability, and erosion hazard (slope) limiting factors. Also, 48,765.3 hectares can be developed for Arabica coffee, and 4,653.5 ha has been planted. The actual land suitability for Arabica coffee is Suitable, Marginal Suitable, and Not Suitable, limiting the soil's physical properties (adequate soil depth), slope, and chemical properties of the soil. Once repaired, the land's suitability becomes Suitable (S1-class) (without limiting factor), Suitable, and marginal suitable with the slope as a limiting factor. There is an area of 44,509.75 hectares of land at 200-1,400 m above sea level within the cultivation area developed with a Citronella. There is an area of 44,111.8 ha at the height of 800-2,000 m above sea level, potentially for Arabica coffee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aceh province is the most affected area by the tsunami of 26 December 2004. Aceh also has experiencing a number of natural hazards; flood, earthquakes, and volcano's eruptions. Until now, Aceh has no natural hazards information system which can be used to increase public awareness in order to reduce the impact of the hazards. Natural hazards information system provides hazard maps as the guideline for disaster risk mitigation planning. Therefore, the development of a Web GIS based information system for Aceh natural hazards, referred as Aceh Natural Hazards Information System (ANHIS), is a very strategic decision to increase public awareness of the risks of natural disaster hazard in Aceh. This paper proposes conceptual design and the development of prototype for ANHIS. The main purpose of ANHIS is to visualize many natural hazards maps and disseminate information of the hazardous areas for disaster agencies, researchers and communities in order to help them act on warning issue. In order to develop the prototype, the system requirements, configuration, system design and implementation are presented in this paper. Furthermore, the results of prototype for ANHIS are demonstrated in terms of individual hazard map and multi-hazard map of many natural hazards in Aceh. Finally, the conclusions give the perspectives for future implementation of ANHIS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the interface between human rights and humanitarian action in the context of the conflict and tsunami in Aceh, Indonesia, between 1998 and 2007. It looks at the challenges international humanitarian non-governmental organisations (NGOs) faced as they engaged in human rights work in the conflict period and in conflict-related activities in the post-tsunami period. The paper argues that many large NGOs may have compromised what some would hold to be essential principles for humanitarian action because of domestic political concerns, donor restrictions and resistance among certain NGO chiefs. In contrast with the pre-tsunami period, in which NGOs worked for years amid military operations, in the post-tsunami period NGOs were decidedly apolitical, neglecting the conflict in their tsunami response-despite significant developments that permitted greater political engagement in Aceh's post-conflict transformation. The evidence suggests that NGOs are challenged in contextualising humanitarian responses and that there is a need to underscore donor flexibility and independence in humanitarian action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global attention generated after the December 2004 Asia tsunami disaster catalyzed one of the most successful internationally-mediated peace processes in the world in Aceh, Indonesia, but did not save the peace process in Sri Lanka. Rather, international aid contributed to a "no war, no peace" equilibrium in Sri Lanka that was brought to an end by the military victory of the government. This paper compares these two highly internationalized peace processes in Southeast and South Asia, particularly, the role of international actors in reconstruction, and analyses the reasons for the different outcomes. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, the paper traces how transnational aid networks, discourses and practices may become endogenous in local or internal conflicts and peace dynamics over time. Finally, it is clear that inclusive and comprehensive peace building, as well as the space for transformation of conflicting groups, is the key to successful peace building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indonesian tsunami early warning system (INATEWS) has been developed and operated after the tsunami struck Aceh in December 2004. The INATEWS is based on a relationship model of earthquake parameters and tsunami potential. At the tsunami observation stage, INATEWS is still experiencing difficulties due to limited buoy stations. Alternative tsunami observations have been investigated using ionospheric TEC data from GPS signal observations. This paper reviews the methods that have been studied and used for tsunami detection using ionosphere total electron content (TEC) from GNSS data. Status and development plans of real-time GNSS resource utilization for TEC measurement in Indonesia and its application for INATEWS augmentation are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the issue of post-disaster livelihood recovery through economic rehabilitation, with the illustration of post-tsunami promotion of microentrepreneurship activities generating employment and income among the affected populations. Design/methodology/approach - The paper examines two field case studies in Aceh (Indonesia) and Tamil Nadu (India), where a well-established European NGO carried out economic relief and microentrepreneurship rehabilitation in 2005-2007. Findings - Despite unlimited trust in rapid reconstruction capacity, post-tsunami livelihood recovery has been chaotic and uncoordinated. Contrary to humanitarian agencies in charge of emergency relief, only a few development agencies and NGOs were able to deliver a rapid rehabilitation of microeconomic activities existing locally before the disaster. Research limitations/implications - There are values but also obvious limits to comparing the micro-level experiences of a major European NGO in two different locations such as Aceh and Tamil Nadu, and to deducing macro- and meso-level lessons to be learned. Practical implications - There are difficulties in benchmarking the divison of labour but necessary coordination among development agencies and their humanitarian counterparts in the field of post-disaster sustainable economic rehabilitation. Originality/value - Post-disaster economic security and livelihood recovery are at the forefront of current international policy research in humanitarian and development cooperation circles. Documented case studies and lessons to be learned are still scarce for feeding possible best practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the discovery of major oil and gas reserves in carbonate rocks in the Middle East, carbonate reservoirs became important to the petroleum industry. Carbonate rocks have covered only 20% of the sedimentary rock records. However, carbonate reservoirs hold 50% of the world petroleum reserves. Arun Carbonate Reservoir is one of the biggest proven retrograde gas reservoirs in the world. After more than thirty years of production, Arun Carbonate Reservoir had an initial gas in place of 14.1 TCF residual hydrocarbon gas. The issue makes Arun Carbonate Reservoir became an interest to be studied for the development and production of hydrocarbon in other carbonate reservoirs in Indonesia. One of the fundamental topics to be studied is the characteristics of Arun Carbonate Reservoir itself. The characteristics of carbonate reservoir usually cause a lot of geologic and engineering problems in the development and production of hydrocarbon reserves. This paper aims to identify the characteristics of Arun Carbonate Reservoir and its implication to optimize the most potential gas resource zone in Arun Gas Field, Aceh, Indonesia. The data from sixteen wells have been examined through several multidiscipline studies: geophysics (well logging), geology (facies, lithology and diagenetic analyses), and petrophysics (core analysis). The result of this study shows that Arun Carbonate Reservoir (N5-N8) contains limestone 92%, 5% dolomite, and 3% dolomitic limestone (or other), and petrophysically have 16% porosity and 13.5 md permeability in average. Arun Carbonate Reservoir is divided into four facies (Reef, Near Reef, Lagoon, and Middle Shelf). Of four facies in Arun Carbonate Reservoir, only two facies which can be categorized as productive facies: Reef and Lagoon Facies. The potential zones of hydrocarbon resource have vertically been documented in Arun Carbonate Reservoir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the unique features of the Sibreh subdialect from the Greater Aceh dialect spoken in Aceh, Indonesia. The data for this qualitative study were collected through elicitations from 70 native Acehnese speakers living in Sibreh, Aceh. The findings showed six unique features of the Sibreh subdialect that are different from the standard Acehnese and the Greater Aceh dialect itself. These features include (1) the production of uvular fricative /ʁ/, (2) the reduction of some consonants at word-initial positions, (3) the realization of alveolar nasal and velar nasal to replace some consonants at word-final positions, (4) the monophthongization of the diphthong /ai/, (5) variations in plosive consonants, and (6) realization of alveolar fricative /s/ as lamino alveo-dental stop /S/. These features are unpredictable and considered of other Acehnese dialects. The unique features of this subdialect have caused mockery from other Acehnese dialect speakers, and this has led the Sibreh speakers to feel insecure and self-conscious towards their subdialect. The paper argues that there is a lack of public literacy on their subdialect and concludes that cultivating the awareness of linguistic diversity is important to strengthen the kinship, positive attitude, loyalty, and pride of the Acehnese people towards their rich culture as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The utilization of stabilization pond system for landfill leachate treatment is hindered by its requirement for expansive land areas and extended retention periods. Although the system effectively removes organic compounds, its ability to eliminate nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus is comparatively limited. Consequently, the leachate subjected to treatment often falls short of meeting the mandated standards for effluent quality. In response to this challenge, a research study was undertaken to investigate the potential of utilizing a consortium comprising microalgae and bacteria in the treatment of landfill leachate. METHODS: The microalgae, bacteria, and leachate utilized in this study were sourced from a leachate treatment facility located at the Aceh regional domestic waste management unit in Blang Bintang, Aceh Besar, Indonesia. The two glass photobioreactors were operated batchwise, where the first was provided with a combination of air and carbon dioxide, and the other was solely exposed to air. The pollutant removal efficacy in the leachate effluent was assessed through the measurements of chemical oxygen demand, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, and phosphate concentrations. Subsequently, macroscopic identification of microalgae and bacteria species was also conducted. FINDINGS: Utilizing a consortium of microalgae and bacteria has demonstrated efficacy in treating leachate, resulting in a notable reduction of contaminants within the effluent. The symbiotic association between microalgae and bacteria in the context of leachate waste treatment is evident. The bacteria's metabolic actions result in carbon dioxide emission, which subsequently serves as a substrate for the photosynthetic activities of the microalgae. The microalgae facilitate the transfer of oxygen, produced through photosynthesis, to the bacteria to support their metabolic processes. Therefore, introducing exogenous carbon dioxide to the consortium yields minimal discernible effects, given that the bacteria adequately fulfill the carbon dioxide requirements of the microalgae. This discovery enhances the efficacy of leachate treatment techniques by leveraging the utilization of pre-existing mixed cultures of microalgae and bacteria found in leachate facilities. CONCLUSION: This study evaluated the microalgae-bacteria consortium's effectiveness in reducing leachate pollutants. The consortium exhibited a significant capability, achieving a 75 percent reduction in chemical oxygen demand and successfully eliminating a range of contaminants. Additionally, it demonstrated effective removal of nitrogen compounds such as ammonia, nitrate, and nitrite, with removal rates reaching 75 percent. Notably, the consortium showed a 99 percent removal rate for phosphate compounds. Even with the introduction of carbon dioxide, the pollutant removal remained consistently high, suggesting that the addition of carbon dioxide did not significantly influence the overall process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aftermath of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami witnessed extensive housing reconstruction programs by humanitarian agencies in the affected countries. In the most impacted country, Indonesia, in Aceh province more than 140,000 houses were built by more than 120 agencies. Within a few years it became evident that residents found it necessary to extend, remodel and renovate and thus transform the houses to suit their own and broader social needs; a self-initiated construction process proliferated beyond the investments by agencies. Key questions arise in such a context: Why must the beneficiaries transform their houses? What needs are not met through the standardised houses? Can particular types improve the capacity for residents to transform their house? Perhaps most significantly, what lessons does such transformation offer that can inform future policy and practice in the field of postdisaster housing reconstruction? This paper addresses such questions and is derived from an in-depth study of the self-initiated transformation process of post-tsunami housing in Aceh, supported by Raphael Vinoly Architects, New York. It outlines the background and context of the process and provides examples of housing that have been and are undergoing transformation, by way of illustrating the nature of and reasons for such initiatives. Drawing on the lessons gained from the examples, the paper underscores key implications for future housing reconstruction programs in a context of climate change and increasing frequency and intensity of disaster events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remote sensing technology can be used to better understand the earth's characteristics. SeaWiFS (sea-viewing wide field-of-view sensor) is one of remote sensors used to observe global ocean phenomena. Previous studies showed that the distribution of chlorophyll-a in the ocean indicates the presence of fish. However, only a few studies tried to directly relate the chlorophyll-a distribution obtained through interpretation of satellite imagery to in-situ data of fish distribution. This paper investigates the relation between chlorophyll-a distribution and fish-capturing points in Aceh Province sea waters using overlay image analysis. The results are then used to identify the potential fishing ground in Aceh. The profile of chlorophyll-a concentration is derived from SeaWIFS satellite imagery. Fish-capturing points data is obtained from the fisherman communities of Banda Aceh, starting from June to November 2008. The results showed that the chlorophyll-a profile derived from satellite imagery has a positive relationship to fish-capturing point data. The most potential fish-capturing zone in Aceh sea waters is identified at 5-8° north latitude (N) and 96-99° east longitude (E). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In August 2005, after the devastating tsunami in the Indian Ocean Basin, a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for the cessation of hostilities was signed by Aceh's longstanding adversaries—the Government of Indonesia and the Free Aceh Movement (GAM). The tsunami was a major catalyst for ‘disaster diplomacy’—international political pressure, which, this paper argues, was an important ingredient in creating conditions for the MoU, although the situation within Aceh also shaped the peace process. Based on interviews conducted in 2006 and 2007 with government officials, GAM representatives and fighters, and non-governmental organization staff in Aceh, this paper finds that assistance for tsunami survivors far exceeds that available for conflict survivors and ex-combatants. The formation of these two solitudes—the tsunami-affected and the conflict-affected—compounds challenges for sustaining peace in Aceh. This research points to an enduring lack of livelihoods for former fighters and conflict victims that may threaten a sustainable peace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami brought Aceh's long-drawn separatist conflict back to international attention. Yet, the precise way in which the different aspects of the conflict entangled with resource-related grievances have remained poorly understood. Taking a political ecology approach, this paper sets out to understand the role of natural resource grievances within the complex and shifting set of mutually implicated factors leading to and sustaining the conflict from the early days of Indonesia's independence. The paper argues that the management of Aceh's natural resources – especially the rich gas and oil reserves – was not the sole or primary causal factor. Rather, state managed exploitation of natural resources had a demonstration effect, exemplifying other grievances and supporting the articulation of a separatist discourse naturalizing ‘Acehnese’ conceptualizations of resource entitlement. Comparing Aceh with other separatist conflicts, the paper suggests that, as conflict unfolds at the intersection of a shifting set of concerns, it is increasingly difficult to separate the underlying issues of identity, resource entitlements and human rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, on the northern end of Sumatra, Indonesia, was the region that was most damaged by the Boxing Day tsunami of 2004. Rehabilitation and reconstruction are well underway. This paper discusses likely threats to the economy of Aceh with the end of the construction boom in 2009 and the policy actions that need to be adopted to facilitate a smooth transition from the boom to a normal, rapidly-growing, sustainable economy. Key recommendations are that the forces causing a high-cost economy must be kept under control by capping provincial minimum wage rates and by more effectively utilising the aid funds. Immediate action is needed in the areas of Aceh that were little damaged by the tsunami and are therefore receiving little assistance. Appropriate policies affecting the supply of labour for construction, both from inside and outside of the province, are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The passing of Law No. 18 of 2001 on 'Special Autonomy for the Province of Aceh Special Region as the Province of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam' signified a major development in the Indonesian government's strategy to resolve Aceh's protracted conflict. Ratified by President Megawati Sukarnoputri on 9 August 2001, the 'NAD law' conferred unprecedented authority to Aceh over its internal affairs. This paper evaluates the challenges that have been involved in implementing the three main tenets of the legislation -- aspects of Syari'ah (Islamic law), the return of Aceh's natural resource revenue and a provision to hold direct local elections. The paper argues that the Megawati administration's failure to redress Acehnese grievances through special autonomy largely stems from its suspicion of the NAD law itself, its greater reliance on militaristic measures than on political policies in Aceh, and pre-existing systemic factors such as Aceh's dysfunctional state infrastructure, corrupt political culture and war economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the pilot case of Dutch technical and financial assistance to the provincial planning board in Indonesia's most western Special Territory of Aceh. With specific reference to the two districts of Aceh Utara and Aceh Tengah, the picture of dependency relationships is sketched for rural peripheries in the Third World. Development planning efforts have not successfully addressed persistent problems, either because they were based upon urban-biased policy prescriptions wrongly transferred from the northern hemisphere, or because rational-comprehensive planning procedures were too arbitrarily blueprinted. Focusing upon the latter misapplication, the paper presents a practical working procedure for managing, through five stages, a multi-annual and rationalizing exercise, such as Dutch assistance to improving regional planning methods employed by low-level administrative units in peripheral rural regions. There follows a critical review of nine years of Dutch regional planning assistance by comparing theory and practice of three approaches applied to the two districts of Aceh Utara/Tengah. The Dutch lessons learned underline inter-sectoral programme preparation, institutionalization and training components. A 6-7 years working procedure for future foreign-assisted district planning projects is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A major challenge to malaria elimination is identifying and targeting populations that are harbouring residual infections and contributing to persistent transmission. In many near-elimination settings in Southeast Asia, it is known that forest-goers are at higher risk for malaria infection, but detailed information on their behaviours and exposures is not available. Methods: In Aceh Province, Indonesia, a near-elimination setting where a growing proportion of malaria is due to Plasmodium knowlesi, a case–control study was conducted to identify risk factors for symptomatic malaria, characteristics of forest-goers, and key intervention points. From April 2017 to September 2018, cases and controls were recruited and enrolled in a 1:3 ratio. Cases had confirmed malaria infection by rapid diagnostic test or microscopy detected at a health facility (HF). Gender-matched controls were recruited from passive case detection among individuals with suspected malaria who tested negative at a health facility (HF controls), and community-matched controls were recruited among those testing negative during active case detection. Multivariable logistic regression (unconditional for HF controls and conditional for community controls) was used to identify risk factors for symptomatic malaria infection. Results: There were 45 cases, of which 27 were P. knowlesi, 17 were Plasmodium vivax, and one was not determined. For controls, 509 and 599 participants were recruited from health facilities and the community, respectively. Forest exposures were associated with high odds of malaria; in particular, working and sleeping in the forest (HF controls: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 21.66, 95% CI 5.09–92.26; community controls: aOR 16.78, 95% CI 2.19–128.7) and having a second residence in the forest (aOR 6.29, 95% CI 2.29–17.31 and 13.53, 95% CI 2.10–87.12). Male forest-goers were a diverse population employed in a variety of occupations including logging, farming, and mining, sleeping in settings, such as huts, tents, and barracks, and working in a wide range of group sizes. Reported use of protective measures, such as nets, hammock nets, mosquito coils, and repellents was low among forest-goers and interventions at forest residences were absent. Conclusions: Second residences in the forest and gaps in use of protective measures point to key malaria interventions to improve coverage in forest-going populations at risk for P. knowlesi and P. vivax in Aceh, Indonesia. Intensified strategies tailored to specific sub-populations will be essential to achieve elimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the impact of the "PSG Balita" app on reporting toddlers' nutritional status. METHODOLOGY: A quasi-experimental design study was conducted in 2022 in Aceh Province, Indonesia. The sample consisted of 123 health centre nutritionists responsible for monitoring the nutritional status of children under five years, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through interviews and observations using a questionnaire assessing timeliness, completeness, accuracy, and usefulness. The intervention involved a six-month training program using the "PSG Balita" application on the Android platform. Data analysis was performed using the Repeated Measures ANOVA test at a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: After implementing the application for six months, there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the timeliness, completeness, accuracy, and usefulness of nutritional status data for toddlers. These results demonstrate that the "PSG Balita" application supports generating high-quality data on toddlers' nutritional status and enhances nutrition data reporting. CONCLUSION: Utilizing the "PSG Balita" app has streamlined children's nutritional status tracking, ensuring high precision and early detection of malnutrition risks. Most importantly, it has improved the quality of nutritional status data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do civilians respond to and shape civil war? Dominant approaches emphasise territorial control, while rival sociological explanations understand civilian behaviour as rooted in justice, pleasure, and social norms. This paper assesses these divergent sensibilities by examining rebel-controlled areas from Aceh, Indonesia. Many civilians provided the rebels with symbolic support, information and provisions, support that deepened over time as the rebels established control. By disaggregating ‘civilians’ into social groups, a more complex story appears. Only some civilian groups supported the dominant armed group, suggesting that control and sociological approaches can be complementary in explaining civilian behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper I argue that the ways in which a genealogical idiom brings together multiple scales of space and time is as important to its social, political, or religious efficacy as the particular people, places, and events it incorporates. To illustrate this point, I turn to the unusual patrilineal genealogy of Habib Abdurrahim, a nineteenth-century descendant of the Prophet Muhammad buried in the Indonesian region of Seunagan. Since the late 1950s, Habib Abdurrahim's descendants have cultivated a version of his patriline emphasizing five prominent figures. This constellation of figures, together with the relationships Muslims in Seunagan foster with each of the five, produce configurations of spatial-temporal scale through which local Muslims inscribe themselves as participants in several Islamic pasts: the establishment of Seunagan's customary practice, the Islamization of the Indonesian nation, and Islam's cosmic history. Narrative, social, and ritual practices surrounding Habib Abdurahim's patriline link Muslims in Seunagan to the multiple scales that inhere in the genealogy, encouraging them to see themselves as actors within entwined and unfolding histories of Islamization. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Domestic wastewater in Gampong Garot, Aceh Besar Regency, Aceh Province, Indonesia is directly discharged to the Daroy River without any treatment process. Domestic wastewater from Gampong Garot has been one of the contributors to microplastics contamination in the Daroy River. The microplastics (MPs) contained in domestic wastewater might come from used soaps and detergent products, as well as the scouring of clothes during washing. Thus, this study aims to investigate the abundance of MPs in domestic wastewater in Gampong Garot. The sampling points were determined based on purposive sampling, with samples taken at the end of the main pipe that directly leads to the Daroy River. Organics in domestic wastewater were removed using 30% H2O2 liquid through a digestion process at a temperature of 75°C. MPs characteristics such as size, shape, and colour were visually analysed using a light binocular microscope at 100x magnification, while the polymer type was analysed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The concentration of MPs in domestic wastewater in Gampong Garot was 30.238 ±1.228 particles·(100 cm)-3 sample. The most common sizes of MPs were found to be in the range of 1,001-5,000 µm, while the dominant colour and shape were transparent and fibre-like. Polyester (PES) was the most detected type of MPs. These findings highlight the need for wastewater treatment before discharge into aquatic bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]