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Detailed photophysical processes of two AuCu14 clusters with different substituents (–F or –C(CH3)3) of the thiol ligand were studied in this work. The electronic effect of the substituents led to structural shrinkage, thus enhancing the luminous intensity. The internal conversion (IC) and intersystem crossing (ISC) rates in the AuCu14-C(CH3)3 crystal were slower compared with the AuCu14-F crystal, which was caused by the steric effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sleep disorders have emerged as a prevalent global issue, impacting physical and psychological health. Continuous and real-time sleep monitoring is crucial for improving sleep quality and preventing sleep-related health problems. This study presents an approach for developing sleep monitoring sensors by embedding three-dimensional graphene conductive network patterns (GCNP) onto sponges using the direct-write printing technique. The fabrication of GCNP sponge involves the precise assembly and patterning of graphene oxide (GO) onto a hydrophilic porous melamine sponge, ensuring an eco-friendly and customizable manufacturing process. This process allows the printed GO to infiltrate the sponge's inner structure, forming a strong, three-dimensional interconnected conductive network via hydrogen bonding and self-assembly. The resulting GCNP sponge exhibits satisfactory softness (Modulus = 36.2 kPa), sensitivity (206.85 kPa−1) and excellent stability (withstand 2500 compression cycles). The pressure sensors utilizing GCNP sponges have the capability to monitor sleep posture and breathing behavior, offering potential for enhancing sleep quality and addressing sleep-related disorders. This work demonstrates a promising and cost-effective method for developing comfortable, sensitive, and stable sleep monitoring sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), metal catalysts with an oxidation state generally demonstrate more favorable catalytic activity and selectivity than their corresponding metallic counterparts. However, the persistence of oxidative metal sites under reductive potentials is challenging since the transition to metallic states inevitably leads to catalytic degradation. Herein, a thorough review of research on oxidation-state stabilization in the CO2RR is presented, starting from fundamental concepts and highlighting the importance of oxidation state stabilization while revealing the relevance of dynamic oxidation states in product distribution. Subsequently, the functional mechanisms of various oxidation-state protection strategies are explained in detail, and in situ detection techniques are discussed. Finally, the prevailing and prospective challenges associated with oxidation-state protection research are discussed, identifying innovative opportunities for mechanistic insights, technology upgrades, and industrial platforms to enable the commercialization of the CO2RR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrophobic membranes infused with mixed solvents including a low polar solvent and a specific solvent can efficiently separate analytes from blood upon applying a voltage. In contrast, membranes infused with a specific solvent alone show significantly reduced separation efficiencies for blood samples. Infusion of a low polar solvent is of importance for achieving antifouling ability of membranes for biological sample pretreatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel type of chemosensor based on tin(IV) complexes incorporating hydroxyquinoline derivatives has been designed and investigated for selectively detecting fluoride ions. Sn(meq)2Cl2 (meq = 2-methyl-8-quinolinol) (complex 1) exhibits a significant enhancement in luminescence upon the introduction of fluoride ions. This enhancement greatly surpasses that observed with Snq2Cl2 and Sn(dmqo)2Cl2 (q = 8-hydroxyquinnoline; dmqo = 5,7-dimethyl-8-quinolinol). Furthermore, complex 1 displays excellent sensitivity and selectivity for fluoride detection in comparison to halides and other anions. As a result, complex 1 serves as an outstanding turn-on fluorescent chemosensor, effectively sensing fluoride ions. The Benesi–Hilderbrand method and Job's plot confirmed that complex 1 associates with F− in a 1 : 2 binding stoichiometry. Also, complex 1 exhibited a large binding constant (pKb = 10.4 M−2) and a low detection limit (100 nM). To gain a deeper insight into the photophysical properties and the underlying mechanism governing the formation of the tin(IV) fluoride complex via halide exchange, we successfully synthesized partially fluorinated Sn(meq)2F0.67Cl1.33 (2) and fully fluorinated Sn(meq)2F2 (3), all of which were characterized through computational studies, thereby elucidating their photophysical properties. DFT studies reveal that converting Sn(meq)2Cl2 to Sn(meq)2F2, an endergonic process, leads to greater stability due to reducing steric hindrance about the metal center. Furthermore, the fluorinated complex significantly increases dipole moment, resulting in high affinity toward the F− ion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seawater electrolysis provides a desirable pathway for large-scale production of green hydrogen without dependence on freshwater. However, its practical application is seriously hindered by low energy efficiency and insufficient durability because of the detrimental chlorine electro-oxidation and complex components of seawater. Herein, 2D MoN/Co2N hybrid nanosheets grown on 1D Cu nanowires and integrated on 3D Cu foam electrodes (Co/Mo–N–C/Cu) were fabricated for seawater splitting, which could enable the alkaline seawater electrolyzer assembled with these hierarchically structural electrodes to achieve a current density of 100 mA cm−2 at a low voltage of 1.70 V, along with good stability due to the synergistic effect among the MoN/Co2N hybrid nanosheets, unique 1D/2D/3D hierarchical structure, and the N-doped carbon protection layer. Theoretical calculations demonstrated that strong electron transfer occurred at heterogeneous interfaces, which could mediate the adsorption and desorption of intermediates, thus reducing the reaction energy barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All-atom (AA) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are employed to predict interfacial tensions (IFT) and surface tensions (ST) of both ionic and non-ionic surfactants. The general AMBER force field (GAFF) and variants are examined in terms of their performance in predicting accurate IFT/ST, γ, values for chosen water models, together with the hydration free energy, ΔGhyd, and density, ρ, predictions for organic bulk phases. A strong correlation is observed between the quality of ρ and γ predictions. Based on the results, the GAFF-LIPID force field, which provides improved ρ predictions is selected for simulating surfactant tail groups. Good γ predictions are obtained with GAFF/GAFF-LIPID parameters and the TIP3P water model for IFT simulations at a water–triolein interface, and for GAFF/GAFF-LIPID parameters together with the OPC4 water model for ST simulations at a water–vacuum interface. Using a combined molecular dynamics-molecular thermodynamics theory (MD-MTT) framework, a mole fraction of C12E6 molecule of 1.477 × 10−6 (from the experimental critical micelle concentration, CMC) gives a simulated surface excess concentration, ΓMAX, of 76 C12E6 molecules at a 36 nm2 water–vacuum surface (3.5 × 10−10 mol cm−2), which corresponds to a simulated ST of 35 mN m−1. The results compare favourably with an experimental ΓMAX of C12E6 of 3.7 × 10−10 mol cm−2 (80 surfactants for a 36 nm2 surface) and experimental ST of C12E6 of 32 mN m−1 at the CMC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper ions (Cu2+) play an essential role in various cellular functions, including respiration, nerve conduction, tissue maturation, oxidative stress defense, and iron metabolism. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of porous crystalline materials with directed structural designability and high stability due to the combination of different monomers through covalent bonds. In this study, we synthesized a porphyrin-tetrathiazole COF (TT-COF(Zn)) with Zn-porphyrin and tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) as monomers and used it as a photoactive material. The strong light absorption of metalloporphyrin and the electron-rich properties of supplied TTF contribute to its photoelectrochemical performance. Additionally, the sulfur (S) in the TTF can coordinate with Cu2+. Based on these properties, we constructed a highly sensitive photoelectrochemical sensor for detecting Cu2+. The sensor exhibited a linear range from 0.5 nM to 500 nM (R2 = 0.9983) and a detection limit of 0.15 nM for Cu2+. Notably, the sensor performed well when detecting Cu2+ in water samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The availability of catalytic sites for contact with reactants is a key issue to improve the performance of a catalyst, where constructing hollow structured nanomaterials has been considered as an effective strategy. Here, an N-doped carbon supported Ru catalyst with an interior cavity was synthesized by etching a MOF-derived core–shell precursor, in which metal Ru can be highly dispersed in the porous shell. This catalyst shows 98.7% conversion and >99% selectivity towards p-chloroaniline in the hydrogenation of p-chloronitrobenzene, which is better than the corresponding supported catalyst. Moreover, it also displays excellent stability with 5 cycle runs and good substrate universality for the hydrogenation of extensive substituted nitroarenes. Various characterization techniques and control experiments reveal the advantage of the unique structure to promote the mass transport and adsorption of reactant molecules on Ru sites. This work provides a novel strategy to design an efficient Ru-based catalyst for chemoselective hydrogenation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular exchange is a common step occurring in many technological processes such as competitive adsorption, chemical separation, capture, delivery, and release. However, the underlying principle is not fully understood, especially in nanoconfined environments where the energetics and kinetics of such processes can deviate from that on flat surfaces. In this paper, we unravel the mechanism of a molecular exchange process by studying the displacement of NO by H2O in Ni-MOF-74 in real-time using in situ infrared spectroscopy combined with ab initio calculations. We show that weakly bound H2O gradually displaces strongly bound NO on the metal sites by first weakening the M–N bond through forming H-bond and then moving the NO away so that it eventually desorbs. Interestingly, we further find that additional water facilitates this exchange by significantly lowering the kinetic barrier associated with this process as well as the overall energy of the final state. Although our study focuses on Ni-MOF-74, we believe that our finding and explanation of unexpected exchange phenomena—where strongly adsorbed molecules are apparently easily displaced by much weaker bound H2O—is applicable to a much larger group of frameworks and will be helpful in designing and improving MOFs for real-world applications where humidity is often present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding selectivity mechanisms of inhibitors towards highly homologous proteins is of paramount importance in the design of selective candidates. Human aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) pertain to a superfamily of monomeric oxidoreductases, which serve as NADPH-dependent cytosolic enzymes to catalyze the reduction of carbonyl groups to primary and secondary alcohols using electrons from NADPH. Among AKRs, AKR1B1 is emerging as a promising target for cancer treatment and diabetes, despite its high structural similarity with AKR1B10, which leads to severe adverse events. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the selectivity mechanisms of AKR1B1 and AKR1B10 to discover safe anticancer candidates with optimal therapeutic efficacy. In this study, multiple computational strategies, including sequence alignment, structural comparison, Protein Contacts Atlas analysis, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, MM-GBSA calculation, alanine scanning mutagenesis and pharmacophore modeling analysis were employed to comprehensively understand the selectivity mechanisms of AKR1B1/10 inhibition based on selective inhibitor lidorestat and HAHE. This study would provide substantial evidence in the design of potent and highly selective AKR1B1/10 inhibitors in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pyrolysis of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has emerged as a promising route to synthesize carbon/metal oxide-based materials with diverse phase compositions, morphologies, sizes and surface areas. In this paper, 1,3,5-benzoic acid (BTC) and 2,4,6-tri(4-pyridinyl)-1-pyridine (TPP) were used as ligands to prepare a novel cobalt-based MOF (Co-MOF) which was used as a precursor to obtain five carbon-based materials at different temperatures (Co-C200/400/600/800/1000). Furthermore, five dyes were used as degradation targets to investigate the photocatalytic degradation performance of the title materials under UV light irradiation. Co-C1000 exhibited the best photocatalytic degradation performance for methyl orange (MO), and the degradation rate could reach 99.21%. The enhanced photocatalytic activity was attributed to narrower band-gaps and a synergistic effect originating from the well-aligned straddling band structures between Co/CoO/Co3O4 and C, also resulting in a faster interfacial charge transfer during the photocatalytic reaction. This study will aid in the development of photocatalysts generated from carbon-based materials via the pyrolysis transformation of MOFs, therefore greatly enhancing the photocatalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional (2D) mesoporous carbon nanosheets are ideal supports for maximizing the exposure of active sites and facilitating mass/electron transfer to accelerate the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for Zn–air batteries (ZABs). Herein, a novel thermal exfoliation strategy is proposed to construct single-atom Fe dispersed nitrogen-doped multilayered porous carbon nanosheets (SAFe-NMPC) by one-step pyrolysis with the assistance of urea. Urea exhibits a trifunctional effect during the catalyst formation: (1) as molten urea to exfoliate the precursor and transform it into 2D nanosheets, (2) providing nitrogen to anchor metal single-atom sites, (3) synergizing with Zn to form numerous mesopores. The obtained SAFe-NMPC possesses a specific surface area of 1207 m2 g−1 and an electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) of 851.3 m2 g−1, which realizes the full utilization of active sites and thus boosts the ORR catalytic performance. Consequently, the ZAB assembled with SAFe-NMPC exhibits a high open-circuit voltage of 1.49 V and a superior peak power density of 169.1 mW cm−2 with favorable stability. This work for the first time reveals the application of molten urea in the thermal exfoliation strategy and explores the trifunctional effects of urea, which provides a new direction in catalyst morphology design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nucleophile oxidation reactions, represented by the incomplete methanol oxidation reaction (i-MOR) to formic acid, can effectively lower the potential of electrolytic hydrogen production while generating high-value products. In order to achieve an industrial grade i-MOR coupled with hydrogen production, designing efficient catalysts toward the i-MOR becomes crucial. In this work, a nickel–cobalt-layered double hydroxide (NiCo-LDH) catalyst incorporating an Fe-based "electron pump" is developed in accordance with the classic two-step NOR mechanism of Ni-based active sites. The coordinating effect of Co effectively reduces the oxidation potential of Ni(II / III) in NiCo-LDH, thus reducing the potential differential between it and the oxidation potential of Fe(II / III), consequently establishing an efficient electron transport pathway from Ni to Fe. Owing to the spontaneous dehydrogenation of methanol, elemental Fe can achieve a valence change during the i-MOR catalytic process. The "electron pump" composed of valence-change Fe effectively enhances the electron transfer, thus ensuring the efficient utilization of electron-deficient active Ni sites throughout the catalytic process. Therefore, FeEP-NiCo-LDH demonstrates outstanding i-MOR catalytic activity, with a potential requirement of 1.349 V (vs. RHE) and 1.430 V to deliver current densities of 10 mA cm−2 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively, while maintaining a Faraday efficiency of ca. 95%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The constrained enzymatic activity and aggregation challenges encountered by small-sized nanozymes pose obstacles to their practical utility, necessitating a strategy to mitigate aggregation and boost enzymatic catalytic efficiency. In this work, a negatively charged Eu MOF was utilized as the encapsulation matrix, encapsulating the small-sized nanozymes FeNCDs into the Eu MOF to synthesize an FeNCDs@Eu MOF. The dispersibility of the encapsulated FeNCDs was increased, and owing to the negative charge of the FeNCDs@Eu MOF, electrostatic pre-concentration of the positively charged target molecule tetracycline (TC) was facilitated, thereby amplifying the enzymatic catalytic efficiency of the FeNCDs. The response of the FeNCDs to TC increased by nearly 6 times upon encapsulation. The TC detection limit (LOD) of the FeNCDs@Eu MOF-based sensor is as low as 11.63 nM. The incorporation of fluorescence detection expanded the linear range of the sensor, rendering it more suitable for practical sample detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inclusion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) should increase the thermal conductivity (TC) of graphene films. However, this notion still remains controversial and the effect mechanism of CNTs on the TC of graphene films is uncertain. Here, graphene films with different CNT loadings are fabricated to reveal the effect mechanism of CNTs. After graphitization of the as-obtained films, lattice distortion occurs and the defect density increases from 1.57 × 1010 cm−2 to 3.73 × 1010 cm−2 due to the addition of CNTs. Moreover, the introduction of CNTs induces the generation of C＝C bonds between the CNTs and graphene. Molecular dynamic simulation proves that the existence of C＝C bonds reduces the in-plane thermal conductivity (IP-TC). The measurement results from different equipment further demonstrate the decreasing trend of the IP-TC with the increment of the CNT content. Conversely, the out-of-plane thermal conductivity (OP-TC) increases from 0.5 W (m K)−1 to 3.5 W (m K)−1 and the elastic modulus decreases from 2.86 GPa to 71.69 MPa. Thus, the graphene/CNT hybrid film is more suitable as a thermal interface material at high temperatures (>200 °C), rather than heat spreader materials. The work provides a more in-depth understanding and a new application route for graphene/CNT films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in natural waters has become a significant concern recently because of its detrimental effects on human health and the ecological environment. To address this issue, it is of utmost urgency to develop a reliable method that can determine SMX at ultra-low levels. In our research, we utilized PVP-induced shape control of a hydrothermal synthesis method to fabricate layer-like structured VS2, and employed it as an electrode modification material to prepare an electrochemical sensor for the sensitive determination of SMX. Thus, our prepared VS2 electrodes exhibited a linear range of 0.06–10.0 μM and a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 47.0 nM (S/N = 3) towards SMX detection. Additionally, the electrochemical sensor presented good agreement with the HPLC method, and afforded perfect recovery results (97.4–106.8%) in the practical analysis. The results validated the detection accuracy of VS2 electrodes, and demonstrated their successful applicability toward the sensitive determination of SMX in natural waters. In conclusion, this research provides a promising approach for the development of electrochemical sensors based on VS2 composite materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroelectric materials have attracted increasing attention due to their rich properties. Unlike perovskite ferroelectric oxides, in the LiNbO3-type ferroelectric oxides of ABO3, ferroelectrically active cations are not necessary. While the effects of carrier doping on perovskite ferroelectric oxides have been extensively studied, the studies on LiNbO3-type ferroelectric oxides are rare. We consider two LiNbO3-type ferroelectric oxides ZnSnO3 and ZnTiO3, where the former has no ferroelectrically active cation and the latter has ferroelectrically active cation Ti4+, and study the effect of carrier doping by performing first-principles calculations. Comparison results indicate that the B-site cation has significant effects on the polar distortion in LN-type ferroelectrics. Our studies show that LN-type materials can maintain the coexistence of ferroelectricity and conductance over a very wide range of concentrations. The polar displacement is even enhanced under hole doping. More importantly, ZnSnO3 can be doped by electrons up to a high level to realize the conducting ferroelectrics of high mobility due to its isolated s conduction band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pt/C and SO42−/ZrO2 were mechanically mixed as the catalysts for p-aminophenol synthesis by catalytic transfer hydrogenation of nitrobenzene in water with formic acid as the hydrogen source. The effect of Pt loading and the solid acid on the reaction was investigated. PAP selectivity reached a maximum at a loading of 1 wt%. The characterization results revealed the presence of three valence states of Pt. Pt0 was beneficial for the nitrobenzene hydrogenation, while higher valence Pt contributed to the formic acid decomposition. The catalytic performance of different solid acid catalysts, including HZSM-5, Hβ, SO42−/ZrO2 and SO42−/TiO2, was compared. It was found that Lewis acid sites with strong acid strength were favorable for p-aminophenol formation, and SO42−/ZrO2 showed higher catalytic activity for the reaction. Using Pt/C + SO42−/ZrO2 as the catalyst, the reaction conditions were optimized. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the nitrobenzene conversion and the p-aminophenol selectivity were 80.0% and 47.6%, respectively. The reaction mechanism was also proposed based on the main by-products of the reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detailed photophysical processes of two AuCu14 clusters with different substituents (–F or –C(CH3)3) of the thiol ligand were studied in this work. The electronic effect of the substituents led to structural shrinkage, thus enhancing the luminous intensity. The internal conversion (IC) and intersystem crossing (ISC) rates in the AuCu14-C(CH3)3 crystal were slower compared with the AuCu14-F crystal, which was caused by the steric effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detailed photophysical processes of two AuCu 14 clusters with different substituents (-F or -C(CH 3 ) 3 ) of the thiol ligand were studied in this work. The electronic effect of the substituents led to structural shrinkage, thus enhancing the luminous intensity. The internal conversion (IC) and intersystem crossing (ISC) rates in the AuCu14-C(CH3)3 crystal were slower compared with the AuCu14-F crystal, which was caused by the steric effect.

The success of targeted covalent inhibitors (TCIs) for treating cancers has spurred the search for novel scaffolds to install covalent warheads. In our endeavour, using a scaffold hopping strategy, we managed to utilize imidazo[1,2- a ]pyridine as the core backbone and explored its potential for the development of covalent inhibitors, therefore, synthesizing a series of novel KRAS G12C inhibitors facilitated by the Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymè reaction (GBB reaction). Preliminary bio-evaluation screening delivered compound I-11 as a potent anticancer agent for KRAS G12C-mutated NCI-H358 cells, whose effects were further clarified by a series of cellular, biochemical, and molecular docking experiments. These results not only indicate the potential of compound I-11 as a lead compound for the treatment of intractable cancers, but also validate the unique role of imidazo[1,2- a ]pyridine as a novel scaffold suitable for the discovery of covalent anticancer agents.

Background : Diet and body mass index (BMI) are widely recognized as being closely associated with aging. However, it remains unclear which dietary indices are associated with aging, and the extent to which BMI mediates the relationship between diet and aging. Therefore, this study investigates the mediating role of BMI in the association between various dietary indices and phenotypic age acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel). Methods : Data were sourced from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), using two 24 hour recall interviews to compute four dietary indices: the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI-2020), Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), and Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI). Linear regression analyses and mediation analyses assessed the associations between dietary indices and PhenoAgeAccel and the mediating effects of BMI. Z -score transformations (zDII, zHEI-2020, zAHEI-2010, and zCDAI) were used to ensure comparability between different dietary indices. Results : After adjusting for covariates, the zHEI-2020, zAHEI-2010, and zCDAI were negatively associated with PhenoAgeAccel ( P < 0.05), with β values being -0.36, -0.40, and -0.41, respectively. The zDII was positively associated with PhenoAgeAccel ( P < 0.001) with a β value of 0.70. Mediation analyses suggested that BMI significantly mediated the relationships between these dietary indices and PhenoAgeAccel. The mediation proportions were 23.7% for zDII, 43.3% for zHEI-2020, 24.5% for zAHEI-2010, and 23.6% for zCDAI. Conclusions : This study indicates that all dietary indices and BMI were significantly associated with PhenoAgeAccel. In addition, BMI exhibited the highest mediation proportion in the relationship between HEI-2020 and PhenoAgeAccel.

We investigated the viability and influence of NH 4 OH post-synthetic treatment on the pore characteristics of geopolymers. Geopolymers are a class of materials with amorphous aluminosilicate three-dimensional frameworks, regarded as amorphous analogues of zeolites. Similar to zeolites, when geopolymers are used in catalysis or adsorption applications, post-synthetic treatments such as ion exchange with NH 4 + salts ( e.g. , NH 4 Cl and NH 4 NO 3 ) and desilication (using strong bases such as NaOH) are necessary to introduce active sites and modify their pore structure, respectively. Recently, it has been shown that treatment with NH 4 OH combines these two steps, in which acidic sites are introduced and the pore structures of zeolites are modified simultaneously. Considering the increasing interest in geopolymers in catalysis and adsorption applications, understanding the impact of such treatment on the structure of geopolymers is needed. Our diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectra show that NH 4 + exchanges Na + in the geopolymer, and laser diffraction with scanning electron microscopy images show that the particle size of the powdered geopolymer decreases after NH 4 OH treatment. N 2 sorption isotherms and 129 Xe and 1 H NMR measurements revealed information about the changes in pore structures: micropores were larger than mesopores and inborn mesopores increased in diameter, thereby reducing the surface area to volume ratio. However, pore accessibility and pore connectivity were not altered by NH 4 OH treatment. Since solid-state NMR and X-ray fluorescence revealed desilication, these changes in particle size and pore characteristics are considered to be due to desilication caused by NH 4 OH treatment., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

The excessive production of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) from energy production, agricultural activities, transportation, and other human activities remains a pressing issue in atmospheric environment management. NO x serves both as a significant pollutant and a potential feedstock for energy carriers. Photocatalytic technology for NO x removal and recovery has received widespread attention and has experienced rapid development in recent years owing to its environmental friendliness, mild reaction conditions, and high efficiency. This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in photocatalytic removal, encompassing NO x oxidation removal (including single and synergistic removal and NO 3 - decomposition), NO x reduction to N 2 , and the emergent NO x upcycling into green ammonia. Special focus is given to the molecular understanding of the interfacial nitrogen-associated reaction mechanisms and their regulation pathways. Finally, the status and the challenges of photocatalytic NO x removal and recovery are critically discussed and future outlooks are proposed for their potential practical application., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) by peptide self-assembly has emerged as an effective platform for lysosome-targeted cancer therapy. In this study, we shift this strategical paradigm and present an innovative approach to LMP induction through amino acid-based self-assembly. Pyrene-capped tyrosine (Py-Tyr), as a proof-of-concept molecule, is designed with acidity-responsive self-assembly. Under acidic conditions (pH 4), Py-Tyr is protonated with reduced charge repulsion, and self-assembles into micrometer-scaled aggregates, which exceed the biological size of lysosomes. Cell experiments showed that Py-Tyr specifically accumulates in lysosomes and induces lysosome rupture, leading to the release of cathepsin B into the cytoplasm for subsequent apoptosis activation in cancer cells. This study capitalizes on the concept of amino acid assembly for efficient LMP induction, providing a simple and versatile platform for precise and effective therapeutic interventions in cancer therapy., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)