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Lead-free perovskite-like semiconductors exhibit promising optoelectronic properties for various applications, including signal detection. However, the photocurrent density in these materials is often constrained by limitations in photogenerated charge dynamics. In this study, we introduced bromine dopants into CuBiI4 crystalline films for the first time and observed a significant enhancement in photocurrent density, increasing by approximately 4.8 times compared to undoped CuBiI4. Through comprehensive investigations into band structures, charge separation, and recombination dynamics, we elucidated the mechanisms underlying this enhancement, which proved to have a profound impact on charge densities. Specifically, the internal generation of photocharge densities was found to be influenced by several factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a rod-like heterogeneous Bi2S3/Sb2S3 was systematically engineered through a simple one-step hydrothermal method and subsequently used as an anode active material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). The Bi2S3/Sb2S3 heterostructure electrode exhibits a high initial discharge capacity of 972.2 mAh g−1 and maintains a reversible capacity of 369.4 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1. The outstanding electrochemical performance of the Bi2S3/Sb2S3 electrode can be attributed to the synergistic contributions of the high capacity of Sb2S3 and the excellent stability of Bi2S3. Simultaneously, the abundant heterogeneous phase boundaries formed by Bi2S3 and Sb2S3 provide stable reaction interfaces, better structural integrity, and enhanced Na+ reaction kinetics. This work presents an opportunity to develop heterogeneous Bi2S3/Sb2S3 anode materials with excellent properties, holding promise for potential applications in SIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the state estimation and event-triggered control for positive nonlinear multi-agent systems. Firstly, a proportional–integral observer is established to estimate the states of the considered nonlinear positive multi-agent systems based on the matrix decomposition method. Then, a dynamic event-triggered mechanism is constructed, and a control protocol is proposed based on the proportional–integral observer and event-triggered mechanism. By combining linear programming with linear co-positive Lyapunov functions, the considered multi-agent systems are guaranteed to be positive and achieve consensus. Moreover, by introducing three new variables and a finite vector, the final convergence point can be changed based on the given vector. Finally, two illustrative examples demonstrate the validity of the proposed theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In addition to the well-known Whipple's disease (WD), Tropheryma Whipplei (TW) can also lead to acute pneumonia. There is no unified consensus on the susceptible population, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and treatment options for TW pneumonia. Clinical Presentation and Intervention: This is an elderly patient with multiple injuries caused by falling from a building, and was transferred to intensive care unit (ICU) for mechanical ventilation and empirical anti-infection treatment due to severe pneumonia, and then the results of targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) in patient's bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) suggested TW and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infection, and after switching to anti-infective therapy for TW, the patient was successfully extubated and transferred out of the ICU. Conclusion: This is the first case of using tNGS to diagnose severe pneumonia caused by TW and HMPV. We hope that our study can serve as a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of related cases in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve a conductive hydrogel with favourable mechanical and electrical properties, an oriented Mxene-SNF (MSNF) conductive hydrogel was developed using the directional freezing technique. This process involved combining silk fibroin nanofibers (SNF) rich in β-sheet structures with MXene nanosheets to establish an oriented internal cross-linked network. The study investigated the influence of various factors on the hydrogel's mechanical and electrical properties. Results demonstrated that the hydrogel's mechanical properties were influenced by SNF content, MXene content and internal structure. Optimal mechanical properties and favourable electrical conductivity were achieved when the SNF mass fraction was 10%, the MXene mass fraction was 10%, and the internal structure was oriented. The obtained oriented MSNF hydrogel displayed a tensile strain of 80% ± 3%, a tensile stress of 0.89 ± 0.03 MPa, and an elastic modulus of 3.41 ± 0.05 MPa, roughly twice that of the human forearm skin. It maintained a stable resistance response at 0–70% tensile strain. To demonstrate its stability and durability, the hydrogel underwent 500 cycles within the 30–50% tensile strain interval. Therefore, the conductive hydrogel exhibits the potential to be attached to different parts of the human body for real-time monitoring of human movement. Its strain-sensing potential holds value in the field of flexible wearable sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluid–structure interaction (FSI) is a nonlinear multiphysics phenomenon that describes the interactions between incompressible fluid flows and immersed structures, making it invaluable to biomedical research. In this work, the common FSI methodologies in biomedical research were systematically summarized and classified into three groups based on FSI interfaces: fluid–channel interfaces, fluid–particle interfaces, and multi-interface interactions. A discussion of the role of the numerical FSI methods was also made, outlining its indispensable advantage in handling complex geometries, boundary conditions, and thus FSI interfaces. The applications of these methods are discussed in terms of blood vessel-related applications, drug-delivering micropumps, particle dynamics/cell sorting, and particle deformation and rapture. The development progress, current advances, and prospects of FSI's future application in biomedical research were illustrated. It was concluded that with the advances in computation technologies, the rapidly developing FSI methods can achieve state-of-the-art level details, helping to improve our understanding of various biomedical-related problems and the use of FSI techniques in biomedical research is likely to continue to grow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractFibroblast activation protein (FAP) plays an important role in the progress of lung cancer, but an effective tool has not been reported for revealing the relationship between them. In this work, an adenosine-5-triphosphate (ATP)-powered signal-amplified probe, named ASAP, was prepared using a FAP-sensitive polymer and ATP-binding fluorophore. This probe was employed to determine FAP based upon signal amplification. In the living cells, the activated polymer is destroyed by FAP and the internal fluorophor is released, causing the first stage of signal amplification. Furthermore, the free fluorophor can bind with endogenous ATP to enhance the fluorescence intensity, realizing the second stage of amplification. By virtue of the double amplification, FAP was determined from 0 to 50 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.26 ng/mL. Moreover, cell imaging showed that the endogenous FAP was successfully imaged in lung carcinoma cells with ASAP, demonstrating the relationship between FAP and lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoenzyme-coupled catalytic systems offer a promising avenue for selectively converting CO 2 into high-value chemicals or fuels. However, two key challenges currently hinder their widespread application: the heavy reliance on the costly coenzyme NADH, and the necessity for metal-electron mediators or photosensitizers to address sluggish reaction kinetics. Herein, we present a robust 2D/2D MXene/C 3 N 5 heterostructured artificial photosynthesis platform for in situ NADH regeneration and photoenzyme synergistic CO 2 conversion to HCOOH. The efficiencies of utilizing and transmitting photogenerated charges are significantly enhanced by the abundant π-π conjugation electrons and well-engineered 2D/2D hetero-interfaces. Noteworthy is the achievement of nearly 100 % NADH regeneration efficiency within just 2.5 h by 5 % Ti 3 C 2 /C 3 N 5 without electron mediators, and an impressive HCOOH production rate of 3.51 mmol g -1 h -1 with nearly 100 % selectivity. This study represents a significant advancement in attaining the highest NADH yield without electron mediator and provides valuable insights into the development of superior 2D/2D heterojunctions for CO 2 conversion., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The alteration of intermediates on the (010) facet of BiVO 4 leads to variations in charge accumulation numbers before overcoming the rate-determining step, which accounts for the enhanced charge transfer for oxygen evolution. This discovery provides insights into the photocharging effect and the photoelectrochemical reaction mechanism.

Artificial photosynthesis for hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) presents a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to generate clean fuel and chemicals. However, the catalytic activity is hindered by challenges such as severe charge recombination, insufficient active sites, and poor selectivity. Here, a robust strategy is proposed to regulate the electronic structure of catalyst by the collaborative effect of defect engineering and dopant. The well designed oxygen-doped CdS nanorods with S 2- defects and Cd 2+ 4d10 electron configuration (CdS-O,S v ) is successfully synthesized, and the Cd 2+ active sites around S defects or oxygen atoms exhibit rapid charge separation, suppressed carrier recombination, and enhanced charge utilization. Consequently, a remarkable H 2 O 2 production rate of 1.62 mmol g -1  h -1 under air conditions is acquired, with an apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 9.96% at a single wavelength of 450 nm. This work provides valuable insights into the synergistic effect between defect and doping on catalytic activity., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Solar-driven carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) methanation holds significant research value in the context of carbon emission reduction and energy crisis. However, this eight-electron catalytic reaction presents substantial challenges in catalytic activity and selectivity. In this regard, researchers have conducted extensive exploration and achieved significant developments. This review provides an overview of the recent advances and challenges in efficient selective photocatalytic CO 2 methanation. It begins by discussing the fundamental principles and challenges in detail, analyzing strategies for improving the efficiency of photocatalytic CO 2 conversion to CH 4 comprehensively. Subsequently, it outlines the recent applications and advanced characterization methods for photocatalytic CO 2 methanation. Finally, this review highlights the prospects and opportunities in this area, aiming to inspire CO 2 conversion into high-value CH 4 and shed light on the research of catalytic mechanisms., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Since 2020, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are emerging as robust catalysts for the photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), benefiting from their distinct advantages. However, the current efficiency of H 2 O 2 production and solar-to-chemical energy conversion efficiency (SCC) remain suboptimal due to various constraints in the reaction mechanism. Therefore, there is an imperative to propose efficiency improvement strategies to accelerate the development of this reaction system. This comprehensive review delineates recent advances, challenges, and strategies in utilizing COFs for photocatalytic H 2 O 2 production. It explores the fundamentals and challenges (e.g., oxygen (O 2 ) mass transfer rate, O 2 adsorption capacity, response to sunlight, electron-hole separation efficiency, charge transfer efficiency, selectivity, and H 2 O 2 desorption) associated with this process, as well as the advantages, applications, classification, and preparation strategies of COFs for this purpose. Various strategies to enhance the performance of COFs in H 2 O 2 production are highlighted. The review aims to stimulate further advancements in utilizing COFs for photocatalytic H 2 O 2 production and discusses potential prospects, challenges, and application areas in this field., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

The most challenging obstacle for photocatalysts to efficiently harvest solar energy is the sluggish surface redox reaction (e. g., oxygen evolution reaction, OER) kinetics, which is believed to originate from interface catalysis rather than the semiconductor photophysics. In this work, we developed a light-modulated transient photocurrent (LMTPC) method for investigating surface charge accumulation and reaction on the W-doped bismuth vanadate (W : BiVO 4 ) photoanodes during photoelectrochemical water oxidation. Under illuminating conditions, the steady photocurrent corresponds to the charge transfer rate/kinetics, while the integration of photocurrent (I~t) spikes during the dark period is regarded as the charge density under illumination. Quantitative analysis of the surface hole densities and photocurrents at 0.6 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode results in an interesting rate-law kinetics switch: a 3 rd -order charge reaction behavior appeared on W : BiVO 4 , but a 2 nd -order charge reaction occurred on W : BiVO 4 surface modified with ultrathin Bi metal-organic-framework (Bi-MOF). Consequently, the photocurrent for water oxidation on W : BiVO 4 /Bi-MOF displayed a 50 % increment. The reaction kinetics alternation with new interface reconstruction is proposed for new mechanism understanding and/or high-performance photocatalytic applications., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Objective: Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive type of the central nervous system cancers. Although radiotherapy and chemotherapy are used in the treatment of glioblastoma, survival rates remain unsatisfactory. This study aimed to explore differentially expressed genes (DEGs) based on the survival prognosis of patients with glioblastoma and to establish a model for classifying patients into different risk groups for overall survival., Methods: DEGs from 160 tumor samples from patients with glioblastoma and 5 nontumor samples from other patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas database were identified. Functional enrichment analysis and a protein-protein interaction network were used to analyze the DEGs. The prognostic DEGs were identified by univariate Cox regression analysis. We split patient data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database into a high-risk group and a low-risk group as the training data set. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and multiple Cox regression were used to construct a prognostic risk model, which was validated in a test data set from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and was analyzed using external data sets from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas database and the GSE74187 and GSE83300 data sets. Furthermore, we constructed and validated a nomogram to predict survival of patients with glioblastoma., Results: A total of 3572 prognostic DEGs were identified. Functional analysis indicated that these DEGs were mainly involved in the cell cycle and focal adhesion. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression identified 3 prognostic DEGs (EFEMP2, PTPRN, and POM121L9P), and we constructed a prognostic risk model. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the areas under the curve were 0.83 for the training data set and 0.756 for the test data set. The predictive performance of the prognostic risk model was validated in the 3 external data sets. The nomogram showed that the prognostic risk model was reliable and that the accuracy of predicting survival in each patient was high., Conclusion: The prognostic risk model can effectively classify patients with glioblastoma into high-risk and low-risk groups in terms of overall survival rate, which may help select high-risk patients with glioblastoma for more intensive treatment.