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Introduction: The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) chat programs has opened two distinct paths, one enhancing interaction and another potentially replacing personal understanding. Ethical and legal concerns arise due to the rapid development of these programs. This paper investigates academic discussions on AI in medicine, analyzing the context, frequency, and reasons behind these conversations. Methods: The study collected data from the Web of Science database on articles containing the keyword "ChatGPT" published from January to September 2023, resulting in 786 medically related journal articles. The inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed articles in English related to medicine. Results: The United States led in publications (38.1%), followed by India (15.5%) and China (7.0%). Keywords such as "patient" (16.7%), "research" (12%), and "performance" (10.6%) were prevalent. The Cureus Journal of Medical Science (11.8%) had the most publications, followed by the Annals of Biomedical Engineering (8.3%). August 2023 had the highest number of publications (29.3%), with significant growth between February to March and April to May. Medical General Internal (21.0%) was the most common category, followed by Surgery (15.4%) and Radiology (7.9%). Discussion: The prominence of India in ChatGPT research, despite lower research funding, indicates the platform's popularity and highlights the importance of monitoring its use for potential medical misinformation. China's interest in ChatGPT research suggests a focus on Natural Language Processing (NLP) AI applications, despite public bans on the platform. Cureus' success in publishing ChatGPT articles can be attributed to its open-access, rapid publication model. The study identifies research trends in plastic surgery, radiology, and obstetric gynecology, emphasizing the need for ethical considerations and reliability assessments in the application of ChatGPT in medical practice. Conclusion: ChatGPT's presence in medical literature is growing rapidly across various specialties, but concerns related to safety, privacy, and accuracy persist. More research is needed to assess its suitability for patient care and implications for non-medical use. Skepticism and thorough review of research are essential, as current studies may face retraction as more information emerges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1978, the nature of the hypnozoite was discussed in an article that appeared in a relatively obscure journal, which is also where the term was adopted for Plasmodium (a little-known fact). As a result, that commentary on the use of the word 'hypnozoite' has been almost completely overlooked. Although the publication is now more than three decades old, the analysis remains valid today. It is explained in the present paper that like 'merozoite' and 'sporozoite', the name 'hypnozoite' is applicable not only to a latent stage in the life cycle of Plasmodium but to some apparently dormant forms of other kinds of apicomplexan parasites as well. Merozoites of different genera of parasitic protozoa are not necessarily the same biologically and/or otherwise. Similarly, although the hypnozoite concept relates primarily to pre-merozoite stages, some atypical post-divisional apicomplexan forms might also be hypnozoites. Examples are likewise given of latent organisms that, in contrast, are clearly not hypnozoites, such as dormant merozoites in malaria infections. Lastly, the plasmodial hypnozoite is placed in context in relation to the relatively unfamiliar (nomenclaturally) malarial bradysporozoite, chronozoite, dormozoite, merophore, merosome and x body. This paper is based on a presentation by the author, as a Life Member of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, to its 59th Annual Meeting in Atlanta, Georgia, USA, 3-7 November 2010. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents an index of authors who contributed research articles to the "Pediatric Cardiology" journal in 2003. Research credits; Titles of the research papers; Pages where their research papers were published.

Many medical toxicologists are interested in participating in a practice-based, multicenter research and toxicosurveillance network. In 2009, the American College of Medical Toxicology established the Toxicology Investigators Consortium (ToxIC). One facet of ToxIC is a registry that can be used for surveillance of new or old agents, assessment of treatment decisions, and the creation of new research questions. This paper describes the development of and the initial experiences with this registry of toxicology patients. In November 2009, ACMT invited members to participate in a new registry of cases evaluated and cared for by practicing medical toxicologists who provide direct hands-on clinical care. A password-protected, encrypted, online registry data site was created to upload a newly developed electronic case report form (CRF) on registry patients. The CRF includes demographics; encounter circumstances; agent; syndrome, symptoms, and signs; and treatment. A test version at four sites began in January 2010, seven additional sites were added in March 2010 for the beta phase, and the registry was opened to all interested US medical toxicology practices in April 2010. The CRF underwent continuous modifications based upon frequent feedback from and discussion among the participants. Thirty-three toxicology practice sites, encompassing 56 hospitals and clinics, have entered data into the ToxIC Registry. During the first 14 months of data collection, 5,412 patients were entered. The experience thus far demonstrates that the creation of this registry is feasible and constitutes a potentially powerful toxicosurveillance and robust research tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we report on the development and dissemination of a preventive intervention, Families OverComing Under Stress (FOCUS), an eight-session family-centered intervention for families facing the impact of wartime deployments. Specific attention is given to the challenges of rapidly deploying a prevention program across diverse sites, as well as to key elements of implementation success. FOCUS, developed by a UCLA-Harvard team, was disseminated through a large-scale demonstration project funded by the United States Bureau of Navy Medicine and Surgery (BUMED) beginning in 2008 at 7 installations and expanding to 14 installations by 2010. Data are presented to describe the range of services offered, as well as initial intervention outcomes. It proved possible to develop the intervention rapidly and to deploy it consistently and effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whilst there are not yet laws specifically relating to nanotechnology and its products in any country, the technology and its products are not unregulated. Regulatory frameworks created for conventional technologies and products will be expected to apply to nanotechnology and its products. For example, new medicines are regulated in Australia by the Therapeutic Goods Administration. If a new medicine incorporates nanotechnology, then it should still be regulated as a medicine. However, whether the expectation that pre-existing regulatory frameworks will apply is correct and, if so, whether the application of such frameworks is adequate are important issues to be answered. This paper considers these questions, drawing on lessons learnt from significant regulatory reviews undertaken in the United Kingdom, United States and Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The U.S. health care system is one of the world's most advanced systems. Yet, the health care system suffers from unexplained practice variations, major gaps between evidence and practice, and suboptimal quality. Although information processing, communication, and management are key to health care delivery and considerable evidence links information/communication technology (IT) to improvements in patient safety and quality of care, the health care system has a longstanding gap in its investment. In the Crossing the Quality Chasm and Building a Better Delivery System reports, The Institute of Medicine and National Academy of Engineering identified IT integration as critical to improving health care delivery systems. This paper reviews the state of IT use in the U.S. health care system, its role in facilitating evidence-based practices, and identifies key attributes of an ideal IT infrastructure and issues surrounding IT implementation. We also examine structural, financial, policy-related, cultural, and organizational barriers to IT implementation for evidence-based practice and strategies to overcome them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the growth of psychology in medical schools and the distribution of psychologists across medical school departments. The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) and American Psychological Association (APA) use different data collection approaches that reflect their different missions. AAMC focuses solely on medical school faculty, whereas APA tries to reach all psychologists working in academic health centers (AHCs). The number of psychologists in medical school settings has increased, largely due to their research expertise; but psychologists also contribute through teaching and clinical service. Psychologists hold appointments in wide variety of medical school departments, which has been a key factor in their success. Through partnership and interdisciplinary collaboration with a wide range of academic physicians, psychologists have gained increased support, become valued members of the AHC and medical school communities, and can rise to leadership positions in medical schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The federal government has played a significant role in the financing the education of healthcare professionals since the introduction of Medicare in 1965. However, professional psychology's limited ability to argue the critical nature of its services to the welfare of the nation, and its lack of national workforce information and policy, has hindered its inclusion in Medicare's Graduate Medical Education (GME) program. This paper discusses the evolution and current status of healthcare workforce policy in the United States, and the implications for psychology and the training of future professionals. Also described are recent efforts by the American Psychological Association (APA) and a few psychologists to include professional psychology in the GME program. The importance of organized psychology's sustained involvement in national health policy is emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents several research articles on pediatric cardiology sourced from other periodicals and published in the "Pediatric Cardiology" journal in the U.S. in 2003. Range of issues and subject matter covered by the research papers; Author credits; Implications on pediatric cardiology.

A major challenge of medical anthropology is to assess how biomedicine, as a vaguely-defined set of diverse texts, technologies, and practitioners, shapes the experience of self and body. Through narrative analyses of in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 158 pregnant women in southern California, this paper explores how the culture of biomedicine, encountered formally at prenatal care check-ups and informally through diverse media, influences pregnant women's perceptions of appropriate prenatal behavior. In the spirit of recent social scientific work that draws on and challenges Foucauldian insights to explore social relations in medicine, we posit a spectrum of compliance and resistance to biomedical norms upon which individual prenatal practices are assessed. We suggest that pregnancy is, above all, characterized by a split subjectivity in which women straddle the authoritative and the subjugated, the objective and the subjective, and the haptic as well as the optic, in telling and often strategic ways. In so doing, we identify the intersection between the disciplinary practices of biomedicine and the practices of pregnant women as a means of furnishing more fruitful insights into the oft-used term "power" and its roles in constituting social relations in medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditionally in medicine, nearly all prescribing decisions were made by the treating physician. The patient had relatively little input and hardly any access to alternative sources of information bearing on that decision; the cost of the prescription was covered by the patient or by an insurer, and neither was likely to provide any feedback to the physician to shape his or her decision. Now, all that has changed. Beginning with the consumerist movement of recent decades and culminating in the explosion of health-related information on the Internet, patients are increasingly vocal participants in the prescribing decision, on both clinical and economic grounds. Payers have become participants as well, and increasingly seek to influence prescribing decisions in the light of their own economic imperatives. Added to all these cross-currents is an additional wild card: the proliferation of ‘alternative medicines,’ ‘nutraceuticals’ and other nostrums that society has placed beyond the reach of the evidence-based discourse and regulations that govern conventional drug therapy. In a country where patients struggle to cover the cost of prescription therapies proven both safe and effective in rigorous clinical trials, billions of dollars per year are spent on alternative treatments in the US, unencumbered by concerns about whether they actually work or that they might be toxic. While these patterns of communication, education, disinformation and economic influence are much more chaotic than those that prevailed in the ‘good old days,’ this very ferment may also present opportunities for improvement of rational pharmacotherapy and public health. This paper briefly outlines the above changes in patterns of communication and influence as they relate to medication use in today's industrialised world (particularly the US), and suggests both hopeful and terrifying scenarios describing where these trends might lead in the coming decade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores ways in which Chinese healing practices have undergone acculturation in the United States since the early 1970s. Reacting to what is perceived as biomedicine's focus on the physiological, those who describe themselves as favoring a holistic orientation often use the language of "energy blockage" to explain illness, whether thought of as "physical," "emotional," or "spiritual." Acupuncture in particular has been appropriated as one modality with which to "unblock" such conditions, leading to its being used by some practitioners in conjunction with more psychotherapeutic approaches which include valuing the verbalizing of feelings. Some non-Chinese practitioners in the United States, returning to older Chinese texts to develop "an American acupuncture," are reinserting diagnoses eliminated from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) by the People's Republic of China as "superstition." The assumption has been that many such diagnostic categories refer to psychological or spiritual conditions, and therefore may be useful in those American contexts which favor this orientation. Among these categories are those drawn from traditions of demonology in Chinese medicine. What was once a religious category in China turns psychological in the American setting. At the same time, many who use these terms have, since the late 1960s, increasingly conflated the psychological and the religious, the latter being reframed as "spiritual." Thus, this indigenization of Chinese practices is a complex synthesis which can be described as simultaneously medical, psychotherapeutic, and religious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents several news briefs related to medicine. The first of four pivotal trials of AstraZeneca/ Targacept's TC-5214 for major depressive disorder has failed. Pfizer Inc.'s atorvastatin (Lipitor) which grossed over US 130 billion dollars in sales since its approval in 1996 came off patent on November 30, 2011. The U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) has released a white paper on the value of "Quantitative and Systems Pharmacology."

The article presents several papers and people who gave headlines in the Biomedicine sector in the U.S. Science journalist Simon Singh was sued by the British Chiropractic Association who wrote for the "Guardian" that questioned practices endorsed by the organization. 20,000 applications were received by the National Health Institute for Challenge Grants. British-born Simone Davis refused to be immunized with Gardasil from Merck & Co. Inc., and threatened with deportation.

The article focuses on the DNA sequence variants that influence gene expression and disease risk in the U.S. It is pointed out that the effects of variations in DNA sequence are often subtle, such as altered levels of gene expression. Moreover, it is said that identifying those DNA sequences that determine levels of expression across individuals could have great medical potential. It also discusses one paper that illustrates the identification of DNA sequences which looks at the two major contractile proteins of the human heart.