112 results
Search Results
2. Technical Challenges of Enterprise Imaging: HIMSS-SIIM Collaborative White Paper.
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Clunie, David, Dennison, Don, Cram, Dawn, Persons, Kenneth, Bronkalla, Mark, and Primo, Henri
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DIAGNOSTIC imaging ,DIGITAL diagnostic imaging ,METADATA ,PICTURE archiving & communication systems ,SYSTEMS design ,DICOM (Computer network protocol) - Abstract
This white paper explores the technical challenges and solutions for acquiring (capturing) and managing enterprise images, particularly those involving visible light applications. The types of acquisition devices used for various general-purpose photography and specialized applications including dermatology, endoscopy, and anatomic pathology are reviewed. The formats and standards used, and the associated metadata requirements and communication protocols for transfer and workflow are considered. Particular emphasis is placed on the importance of metadata capture in both order- and encounter-based workflow. The benefits of using DICOM to provide a standard means of recording and accessing both metadata and image and video data are considered, as is the role of IHE and FHIR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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3. An update and overview of the literature on late inflammatory reactions (LIRs) in soft tissue fillers after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.
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Bachour, Yara
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DERMAL fillers , *BOOSTER vaccines , *SARS-CoV-2 , *VACCINATION , *COVID-19 - Abstract
Introduction: Soft tissue fillers are widely used and are commonly considered to be safe. Nonetheless, adverse events such as late inflammatory reactions (LIRs) are reported for every type of filler. As of the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, LIRs have been reported after SARS-CoV infection or vaccination. In the past, we reviewed these adverse events; however, since then, we faced a wave with the Omicron, and the vaccination programs continued with booster vaccines. We therefore aimed to perform an up-to-date review of the literature on LIRs after COVID-19 infection and vaccination with additional learned lessons from this pandemic. Material and methods: We performed a systematic review on soft tissue filler-related LIRs after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination in line with the PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies were searched in the database PubMed from 1 August 2021 until 1 June 2023. Data on patient characteristics, filler characteristics, clinical findings, and treatment options were retrieved. Results: A total of 14 papers with in total 52 patients were reported, of which 16 had adverse events after a SARS-CoV-2 infection and 36 after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. In most cases, it concerned females who had their (mostly temporary) fillers for cosmetic purposes. Symptoms were reported in a matter of hours up to weeks after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (22 Pfizer, 7 Moderna, 3 AstraZeneca, 3 Sputnik V, and one after Siophram), mostly after the first or second dose but sporadically after a third dose. Most patients were treated in a conservative manner. Discussion: LIRs continue to be reported after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination and are currently also reported for non-mRNA vaccines, for non-temporary fillers, and also after a third dose of the vaccine. Although there are more and more papers on this matter, they remain minor and self-limiting. We therefore still advise patients with soft tissue fillers to remain participated in vaccination programs when needed. Level of evidence: Not gradable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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4. Dermatological disease prediction and diagnosis system using deep learning.
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Fatima, Neda, Rizvi, Syed Afzal Murtaza, and Rizvi, Major Syed Bilal Abbas
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The prevalence of skin illnesses is higher than that of other diseases. Fungal infection, bacteria, allergies, viruses, genetic factors, and environmental factors are among important causative factors that have continuously escalated the degree and incidence of skin diseases. Medical technology based on lasers and photonics has made it possible to identify skin illnesses considerably more rapidly and correctly. However, the cost of such a diagnosis is currently limited and prohibitively high and restricted to developed areas. The present paper develops a holistic, critical, and important skin disease prediction system that utilizes machine learning and deep learning algorithms to accurately identify up to 20 different skin diseases with a high F1 score and efficiency. Deep learning algorithms like Xception, Inception-v3, Resnet50, DenseNet121, and Inception-ResNet-v2 were employed to accurately classify diseases based on the images. The training and testing have been performed on an enlarged dataset, and classification was performed for 20 diseases. The algorithm developed was free from any inherent bias and treated all classes equally. The present model, which was trained using the Xception algorithm, is highly efficient and accurate for 20 different skin conditions, with a dataset of over 10,000 photos. The developed system was able to classify 20 different dermatological diseases with high accuracy and precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. Research trends in alopecia areata: a cross-sectional bibliometric analysis of the top cited studies.
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Chang, Hui-Chin, Chiu, Tsu-Man, Lee, Chien-Ying, Chen, Shiu-Jau, Liao, Wen-Chieh, and Gau, Shuo-Yan
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In the field of alopecia areata research, various focuses including risk factors, epidemiology, molecular pathways, and treatment were constantly improving. However, to date, a bibliometric analysis summarizing the research trend is not available to date. The main objective of this study was to provide researchers with an overview of the research trend on alopecia areata in the past two decades. In Web of Science database, screening and extraction of studies related to alopecia areata has been performed. Within studies related to alopecia areata, the most cited 100 studies were appraised and the information of articles, including the citation amounts, keywords and publication types, was extracted for analyses. On average, each study in the top 100 list was cited 104.72 times. Within the top 100 list, the most focused fields were on the management of alopecia areata (34%), molecular mechanisms (28%) and epidemiological issues (23%). Approximately one third of the management-associated studies focused on Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors (10 studies) and 5 studies focused on the efficacy of corticosteroids for alopecia areata. According to the results of the keyword analysis, JAK inhibitors had become the most mentioned keywords in the field of alopecia areata research since 2016. The top 100 most referenced papers in the field of alopecia areata mostly focused on essential aspects such as treatment options, pathogenesis, risk factors, and comorbidities. The results of the current study could be considered a potential resource for future research and patient care information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. The potential cutaneous benefits of Carthamus tinctorius oleosomes.
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Patel, Paras, Wang, Jennifer Y., Mineroff, Jessica, and Jagdeo, Jared
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Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) oleosomes are unique organelles that house triglycerides and fatty acids and demonstrate a natural resilience to environmental stresses. There is recent growing interest in safflower oleosomes due to their potential applications in dermatology, especially as a carrier technology to improve drug penetration through the skin. This paper explores various aspects of safflower oleosomes, including their production, safety, absorption, and applications in photoprotection and epidermal remodeling. Oleosomes have shown encouraging results in targeted drug delivery in in vitro and in vivo animal models; however, human clinical research is required to determine their efficacy and safety in dermatology. Oleosomes are comprise a novel biotechnology that has the potential to transform sustainable and natural treatments in dermatology by utilizing their unique structure. Safflower oleosomes are stable lipid molecules that can deliver small and large molecules with high efficacy. This review will examine the current research findings and prospective future applications of oleosomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Electroporation-Based Biopsy Treatment Planning with Numerical Models and Tissue Phantoms.
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Gabay, Batel, Levkov, Klimentiy, Berl, Ariel, Wise, Julia, Shir-az, Ofir, Vitkin, Edward, Saulis, Gintautas, Shalom, Avshalom, and Golberg, Alexander
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Molecular sampling with vacuum-assisted tissue electroporation is a novel, minimally invasive method for molecular profiling of solid lesions. In this paper, we report on the design of the battery-powered pulsed electric field generator and electrode configuration for an electroporation-based molecular sampling device for skin cancer diagnostics. Using numerical models of skin electroporation corroborated by the potato tissue phantom model, we show that the electroporated tissue volume, which is the maximum volume for biomarker sampling, strongly depends on the electrode's geometry, needle electrode skin penetration depths, and the applied pulsed electric field protocol. In addition, using excised human basal cell carcinoma (BCC) tissues, we show that diffusion of proteins out of human BCC tissues into water strongly depends on the strength of the applied electric field and on the time after the field application. The developed numerical simulations, confirmed by experiments in potato tissue phantoms and excised human cancer lesions, provide essential tools for the development of electroporation-based molecular markers sampling devices for personalized skin cancer diagnostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Psychiatric Consequences of Skin Conditions: Multiple Case Study Analysis with Literature Review.
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Baker, Nicole and Billick, Stephen Bates
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LITERATURE reviews , *MEDICAL personnel , *CHILD psychiatry , *PATIENTS' attitudes , *PSYCHOLOGICAL literature - Abstract
This review of current literature demonstrates the psychological implications of skin conditions. Skin conditions of varying severity can impact the quality of patients' lives and have psychiatric consequences. This impact provides a need for healthcare providers to consider the psychological implications of one's skin conditions and their effect on quality of life. The psychological challenges that arise from varying skin conditions show the potential need for both dermatological and psychiatric interventions. The following literature review details the psychiatric consequences of skin conditions under various conditions. It first looks at literature highlighting the psychiatric consequences experienced through various age ranges, from adults to adolescents and children. The paper then explores multiple skin conditions and their psychological effect before highlighting some of the interactions that stress has on the skin that could further exacerbate one's condition. Finally, it examines how patients characterize their experience with their skin condition and goes into some clinical case studies of patients with psychological implications as a result of their skin disorder. The paper also highlights the magnitude of dermatologic patients experiencing psychological conditions in conjunction with their skin conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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9. Evidence-based management of keloids and hypertrophic scars in dermatology.
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Kim, Emily Y., Hussain, Aamir, and Khachemoune, Amor
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HYPERTROPHIC scars , *KELOIDS , *EVIDENCE-based management , *POSITIVE pressure ventilation , *SURGICAL site , *DERMATOLOGY , *SCARS - Abstract
While normal, controlled wound-healing results in scars that are nearly imperceptible, hypertrophic scars (HTS) and keloids are the result of an abnormal wound-healing process that can leave unsightly, difficult-to-treat lesions. While such scars are classically associated with surgical incisions, they may also result from burns or accidental trauma to the skin. Several different measures can be taken to prevent the formation of scars or treat those that have already formed. Prevention focuses on reducing inflammation during the wound-healing process, and minimizing tension in the lesion when appropriate. Treatments range from non-invasive modalities such as pressure therapy, topicals, and symptom management, to invasive methods such as injections, lasers, and even surgery. While some treatments, such as corticosteroid injections, have been used in the treatment of HTS and keloids for decades, other newer therapies have only been described in case reports or are still in early phases of clinical trials. Because optimal scar management will not be the same for every patient, further investigation of newer agents and methods is warranted and may benefit a great number of patients. This paper will review the evidence-based management of scars, including current widely used treatment options and promising newly emerging therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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10. Photobiomodulation: systematic review and meta-analysis of the most used parameters in the resolution diabetic foot ulcers.
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dos Santos Mendes-Costa, Luan, de Lima, Vanessa Garcia, Barbosa, Maria Paula Ribeiro, dos Santos, Ludmila Evangelista, de Siqueira Rodrigues Fleury Rosa, Suélia, and Tatmatsu-Rocha, José Carlos
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DIABETIC foot , *CLINICAL trials , *WOUND healing , *DERMATOLOGY , *PHOTOBIOMODULATION therapy - Abstract
The most common photobiomodulation parameters used to aid in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers were investigated in this paper. The databases MEDLINE, LILACS, MEDCARIB, PAHO-IRIS, and WHOLIS were searched with the following descriptors: diabetic foot ulcers AND low-level laser therapy OR low-level therapy AND wound healing; this search was conducted from January of 2014 to December of 2019. Inclusion criteria were randomized clinical trials on humans. Exclusion criteria were systematic reviews, literature reviews, studies with animals, studies lacking photobiomodulation parameters, and studies with non-diabetic individuals. The Jadad scale was used in order to analyze the methodological quality of the matching papers. There were seventeen studies found on PubMed and four on LILACS. Among these, seven were selected, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two out of the seven matching studies obtained a high score, and five obtained a low score, on the Jadad scale. The studies settled on the use of 600-nm and 800-nm wavelength spectrum. Most of the analyzed papers on photobiomodulation on diabetic foot ulcers did not describe the detailed parameters in their methodology. None of the studies featured the maximum score with regard to the Jadad scale for methodological quality. The relations of energy versus wavelength and power versus wavelength were divergent among the parameters on the papers. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the parameters for an optimized power value in order to improve the results of the treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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11. Patient-Reported Outcome Measures and Their Clinical Applications in Dermatology.
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Snyder, Ashley M., Chen, Suephy C., Chren, Mary-Margaret, Ferris, Laura K., Edwards, LaVar D., Swerlick, Robert A., Flint, Nicholas D., Cizik, Amy M., Hess, Rachel, Kean, Jacob, and Secrest, Aaron M.
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DERMATOLOGISTS , *PROFESSIONS , *HEALTH services accessibility , *PHYSICIAN-patient relations , *DERMATOLOGY , *HEALTH outcome assessment , *PATIENT-centered care , *MEDICAL care costs , *PATIENT satisfaction - Abstract
With more disease- and symptom-specific measures available and research pointing to increased usefulness, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) can be routinely used in clinical care. PROMs increase efficiency in healthcare, improve the clinician–patient relationship, and increase patient satisfaction with their care. PROMs can be administered before, during, and after clinic visits using paper-and-pencil, mobile phones, tablets, and computers. Herein, we combine available literature with expert views to discuss overcoming barriers and helping dermatologists incorporate PROMs into routine patient-centered care. We believe dermatology patients will benefit from broader PROM implementation and routine clinical use. However, a few major barriers exist: (1) cost to implement the technology, (2) selecting the right PROMs for each disease, and (3) helping both patients and clinicians understand how PROMs add to and complement their current clinical experience. We provide recommendations to assist dermatologists when considering whether to implement PROMs in their practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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12. New small molecules in dermatology: for the autoimmunity, inflammation and beyond.
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Criado, Paulo Ricardo, Lorenzini, Daniel, Miot, Hélio Amante, Bueno-Filho, Roberto, Carneiro, Francisca Regina Oliveira, and Ianhez, Mayra
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SMALL molecules , *MITOGEN-activated protein kinases , *BRUTON tyrosine kinase , *PROTEIN-tyrosine kinases , *DERMATOLOGY , *KINASES , *PROTEIN kinases - Abstract
Objective and design: The discovery of new inflammatory pathways and the mechanism of action of inflammatory, autoimmune, genetic, and neoplastic diseases led to the development of immunologically driven drugs. We aimed to perform a narrative review regarding the rising of a new class of drugs capable of blocking important and specific intracellular signals in the maintenance of these pathologies: the small molecules. Materials/methods: A total of 114 scientific papers were enrolled in this narrative review. Results: We describe in detail the families of protein kinases—Janus Kinase (JAK), Src kinase, Syk tyrosine kinase, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK), and Bruton Tyrosine Kinase (BTK)—their physiologic function and new drugs that block these pathways of intracellular signaling. We also detail the involved cytokines and the main metabolic and clinical implications of these new medications in the field of dermatology. Conclusions: Despite having lower specificity compared to specific immunobiological therapies, these new drugs are effective in a wide variety of dermatological diseases, especially diseases that had few therapeutic options, such as psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata, and vitiligo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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13. Segmenting Skin Biopsy Images with Coarse and Sparse Annotations using U-Net.
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Nofallah, Shima, Mokhtari, Mojgan, Wu, Wenjun, Mehta, Sachin, Knezevich, Stevan, May, Caitlin J., Chang, Oliver H., Lee, Annie C., Elmore, Joann G., and Shapiro, Linda G.
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MELANOMA prognosis ,MELANOMA diagnosis ,DEEP learning ,DIGITAL image processing ,SEMANTICS ,BIOPSY ,PUBLIC health ,MAGNETIC resonance imaging ,DERMIS ,EPIDERMIS ,VIRTUAL microscopy - Abstract
The number of melanoma diagnoses has increased dramatically over the past three decades, outpacing almost all other cancers. Nearly 1 in 4 skin biopsies is of melanocytic lesions, highlighting the clinical and public health importance of correct diagnosis. Deep learning image analysis methods may improve and complement current diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. The histologic evaluation of melanocytic lesions, including melanoma and its precursors, involves determining whether the melanocytic population involves the epidermis, dermis, or both. Semantic segmentation of clinically important structures in skin biopsies is a crucial step towards an accurate diagnosis. While training a segmentation model requires ground-truth labels, annotation of large images is a labor-intensive task. This issue becomes especially pronounced in a medical image dataset in which expert annotation is the gold standard. In this paper, we propose a two-stage segmentation pipeline using coarse and sparse annotations on a small region of the whole slide image as the training set. Segmentation results on whole slide images show promising performance for the proposed pipeline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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14. Comparison between human fetal and adult skin
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Magda M. W. Ulrich, Neeltje A. Coolen, Esther Middelkoop, Kelly C. W. M. Schouten, Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, and MOVE Research Institute
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Adult ,Male ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Aging ,Dermatology ,Development ,Fetal skin composition ,Extracellular matrix ,Fetus ,Dermis ,Pregnancy ,medicine ,Humans ,Protein Precursors ,Involucrin ,Cells, Cultured ,Skin ,Basement membrane ,Wound Healing ,Original Paper ,Keratin-17 ,biology ,Immunohistochemical analyses ,integumentary system ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Microcirculation ,Chondroitin Sulfates ,Age Factors ,Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Elastin ,Fibronectins ,Fibronectin ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Ki-67 Antigen ,embryonic structures ,biology.protein ,Female ,Wound healing - Abstract
Healing of early-gestation fetal wounds results in scarless healing. Since the capacity for regeneration is probably inherent to the fetal skin itself, knowledge of the fetal skin composition may contribute to the understanding of fetal wound healing. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression profiles of different epidermal and dermal components in the human fetal and adult skin. In the human fetal skin (ranging from 13 to 22 weeks' gestation) and adult skin biopsies, the expression patterns of several epidermal proteins (K10, K14, K16, K17, SKALP, involucrin), basement membrane proteins, Ki-67, blood vessels and extracellular matrix proteins (fibronectin, chondroitin sulfate, elastin) were determined using immunohistochemistry. The expression profiles of K17, involucrin, dermal Ki-67, fibronectin and chondroitin sulfate were higher in the fetal skin than in adult skin. In the fetal skin, elastin was not present in the dermis, but it was found in the adult skin. The expression patterns of basement membrane proteins, blood vessels, K10, K14, K16 and epidermal Ki-67 were similar in human fetal skin and adult skin. In this systematic overview, most of the differences between fetal and adult skin were found at the level of dermal extracellular matrix molecules expression. This study suggests that, especially, dermal components are important in fetal scarless healing.
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15. Protease-activated receptor-2 mediates the expression of inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, and matrix metalloproteinases in keratinocytes in response to Propionibacterium acnes
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Se Kyoo Jeong, Min-Kyung Jeong, Ji Min Kim, Jeong Eun Jeon, Sang Eun Lee, Seung Hun Lee, and Hyun Ju Yoon
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Protease-activated receptor-2 ,Keratinocytes ,Proteases ,Serine Proteinase Inhibitors ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Dermatology ,Matrix metalloproteinase ,Proinflammatory cytokine ,Microbiology ,Propionibacterium acnes ,Acne Vulgaris ,medicine ,Humans ,Receptor, PAR-2 ,Calcium Signaling ,Cytokine ,Protease-activated receptor 2 ,Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections ,Cell Line, Transformed ,Original Paper ,Antigens, Bacterial ,Protease ,biology ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Matrix Metalloproteinases ,HaCaT ,Beta defensin ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Cytokines ,Inflammation Mediators ,Antimicrobial peptide ,Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides - Abstract
Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) has been known to produce various exogenous proteases, however, their role in acne pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Proteases elicit cellular responses, at least in part, via proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2), which is known to mediate inflammation and immune response. In this study, we investigated whether proteases from P. acnes could activate PAR-2 on keratinocytes and induce pro-inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) via PAR-2 signaling. We examined PAR-2 expression and protease activity in acne lesions using immunofluorescence staining and in situ zymography. The effect of the culture supernatant of P. acnes on Ca(2+) signaling in immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) was measured using a fluorescence method. HaCaT cells were treated with P. acnes strain ATCC 6919 culture supernatant, with or without pretreatment with serine protease inhibitor or selective PAR-2 antagonist and the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, AMPs, and MMPs was detected using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. We found that the protease activity and PAR-2 expression were increased in acne lesions. The P. acnes culture supernatant induced calcium signaling in keratinocytes via PAR-2 and stimulated the mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1α, -8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, human beta defensin (hBD)-2, LL-37, MMP-1, -2, -3, -9, and -13 in keratinocytes, which was significantly inhibited by serine protease inhibitor as well as selective PAR-2 specific antagonist. These results indicate that PAR-2 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acne by inducing inflammatory mediators in response to proteases secreted from P. acnes.
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16. Expression and function of NET-1 in human skin squamous cell carcinoma
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Guilan Wang, Li Chen, Jie Zhang, Yu-Yin Xu, Jing Qin, Xingyu Li, and Jianli Wang
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Adult ,Male ,RNA interference (RNAi) ,Skin Neoplasms ,Transplantation, Heterologous ,Down-Regulation ,Mice, Nude ,Dermatology ,Biology ,Flow cytometry ,Small hairpin RNA ,Mice ,Western blot ,Cell Movement ,Cell Line, Tumor ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,NET-1 (TSPAN1, TSPAN1/C4–8) ,Skin squamous cell carcinoma (SSCC) ,RNA, Small Interfering ,Aged ,Cell Proliferation ,Skin ,Aged, 80 and over ,Oncogene Proteins ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,Original Paper ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Cell growth ,General Medicine ,Transfection ,Middle Aged ,Molecular biology ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,Ki-67 Antigen ,Cell culture ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,Female ,RNA Interference ,A431 cells ,Immunostaining ,Neoplasm Transplantation - Abstract
To evaluate the clinicopathological significance of NET-1 in human skin squamous cell carcinoma (SSCC). The expression of NET-1 and Ki67 protein was detected using immunostaining from 60 SSCC cases, 50 SIN samples and ten normal skin tissues. The vectors expressing NET-1, siRNA NET-1 and shRNA NET-1 were constructed, as well as negative controls (target-off). In transfected A431 cells, the expression of NET-1 was detected by qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence staining; the proliferation and migration of cells was evaluated by MTT, flow cytometry, wound healing and transwell chamber assays. The stable cell lines transfected with shRNANET-1 was inoculated in nude mice for in vivo study. (1) The levels of NET-1 were significantly higher in SSCC (96.67 %) and SIN III (93.75 %) than that in SIN I and II (41.18 %), (P
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17. The Effects of Wubeizi Ointment on the Proliferation of Keloid-Derived Fibroblasts
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Xiang-hui Chen, Zhi-ming Tang, Jing-guo Li, Cui-xia Zhang, Ji-Cun Ding, and Xiao-xiang Zhai
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Dependent manner ,Rhus ,Pharmacology toxicology ,Biophysics ,Biochemistry ,Andrology ,Ointments ,Keloid ,medicine ,Humans ,Primary cell culture ,Fibroblast ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Cell proliferation ,Original Paper ,business.industry ,Cell growth ,Cell Cycle ,General Medicine ,Cell Biology ,Cell cycle ,Fibroblasts ,medicine.disease ,Dermatology ,eye diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cell culture ,Wubeizi ointment ,business ,Drugs, Chinese Herbal - Abstract
To evaluate the effectiveness of the Wubeizi (WBZ) ointment on keloid-derived fibroblasts. The primary cells of the keloid-derived fibroblasts were cultured and the effectiveness of the WBZ ointment at different concentrations was examined by MTT colorimetric methods on keloid-derived fibroblasts. The WBZ ointment showed inhibitory effects on proliferating the keloid-derived fibroblasts (P P2 + M stage cells was significantly lower than that of control group, which was statistically significant (P 2 + M stage increased with higher drug concentrations (P
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18. Lidocaine inhibits staphylococcal enterotoxin-stimulated activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with atopic dermatitis
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Jianying Liang, Weiqin Yang, Hui Zhang, Yin Zhuang, Honglin Wang, Ming Li, Xia Yu, Qingqing Jiao, Xilan Chen, Ruhong Cheng, Zhirong Yao, Zhenglin Hu, and Yifeng Guo
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Keratinocytes ,Male ,Staphylococcus aureus ,Lidocaine ,medicine.medical_treatment ,T cell ,Activation ,Down-Regulation ,Enterotoxin ,Dermatology ,Filaggrin Proteins ,Lymphocyte Activation ,Peripheral blood mononuclear cell ,Cell Line ,Dermatitis, Atopic ,Enterotoxins ,Th2 Cells ,Intermediate Filament Proteins ,Humans ,Medicine ,Atopic dermatitis ,Cell Proliferation ,Original Paper ,business.industry ,hemic and immune systems ,General Medicine ,Th1 Cells ,medicine.disease ,Coculture Techniques ,Staphylococcal enterotoxin B ,Staphylococcal enterotoxin A ,HaCaT ,Cytokine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Peripheral blood mononuclear cells ,Immunology ,Cytokines ,Female ,business ,medicine.drug ,Filaggrin - Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory, chronically relapsing, pruritic skin disease and lesions associated with AD are frequently colonized with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Activation of T cells by staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD. Previous studies have demonstrated that lidocaine could attenuate allergen-induced T cell proliferation and cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from asthma patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of lidocaine on SE-stimulated activation of PBMCs from AD patients. PBMCs were isolated from ten AD patients and stimulated by staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) or staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in the presence or absence of lidocaine in various concentrations. Cellular proliferation and the release of representative TH1- and TH2-type cytokines were measured. The effect of lidocaine on filaggrin (FLG) expression in HaCaT cells co-cultured with SE-activated PBMCs was also examined. Our results demonstrated that lidocaine dose-dependently inhibited the proliferative response and the release of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, TNF-α, and IFN-γ from SEA- and SEB-stimulated PBMCs and also blocked the down-regulation of FLG expression in HaCaT cells co-cultured with SEA- and SEB-activated PBMCs. These results indicate that lidocaine inhibited SEA- and SEB-stimulated activation of PBMCs from patients with AD. Our findings encourage the use of lidocaine in the treatment of AD.
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19. Analysis of a functional serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism in psoriasis vulgaris
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Inke R. König, Ullrich Krüger, Rotraut Mössner, Diane Schmidt, Anja Platzer, Gerthild Stiens, and Kristian Reich
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Adult ,Male ,Serotonin ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Genotype ,Dermatology ,5-HTTLPR ,Serotonergic ,Severity of Illness Index ,030207 dermatology & venereal diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Psoriasis ,Genetics ,Depression ,Gene Frequency ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Serotonin transporter ,030304 developmental biology ,Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ,Original Paper ,0303 health sciences ,Polymorphism, Genetic ,Medicine & Public Health ,biology ,Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,Endocrinology ,Monoamine neurotransmitter ,Case-Control Studies ,Immunology ,Disease Progression ,biology.protein ,Female - Abstract
Serotonin is a monoamine acting as a neuromediator in the central and peripheral nervous system. Recently, serotonin has also been shown to influence T- and B-cell function. The serotonin transporter is central in the regulation of the serotonergic system and widely expressed on cells of the immune system. A functional length polymorphism in the promoter of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) has been implicated in the genetic background of depression. Psoriasis is a complex disease with a polygenetic inheritance. In light of the role of T-cell mediated inflammation in psoriasis and the increased prevalence of depression in psoriatic patients, we analyzed the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in 309 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 315 healthy control individuals. No significant differences in genotype distribution and allele frequencies were found. There was also no difference in the score of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression in patients with psoriasis (n = 137) characterized by carriage of different 5-HTTLPR genotypes. These findings argue against a major contribution of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism to psoriasis susceptibility and the occurrence of depressive symptoms among psoriatic patients. peerReviewed
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20. Advancement of wound care from grafts to bioengineered smart skin substitutes
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Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Sabu Thomas, and Robin Augustine
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Smart skin ,Review Paper ,medicine.medical_specialty ,integumentary system ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Wound healing ,Dermatology ,Skin substitutes ,Smart biomaterials ,Wound care ,Skin grafts ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Medicine ,Skin grafting ,Full thickness ,Angiogenesis ,business - Abstract
This review gives a brief description on the skin and its essential functions, damages or injury which are common to the skin and the role of skin substitute to replace the functions of the skin soon after an injury. Skin substitutes have crucial role in the management of deep dermal and full thickness wounds. At present, there is no skin substitute in the market that can replace all the functions of skin ‘and the research is still continuing for a better alternative. This review is an attempt to recollect and report the past efforts including skin grafting and recent trends like use of bioengineered smart skin substitutes in wound care. Incorporation functional moieties like antimicrobials and wound healing agents are also described.
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21. Ameliorating effect of Yokukansan on the development of atopic dermatitis-like lesions and scratching behavior in socially isolated NC/Nga mice
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Ju Jiang, Yoshio Kase, Takatoshi Kuhara, Shigaku Ikeda, Rie Ueki, Hajime Suto, Sachiko Imamura, Takuji Yamaguchi, Naoko Funakushi, Hideoki Ogawa, and Hiroyuki Kobayashi
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Male ,NC/Nga mice ,Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating ,Kampo ,Receptor expression ,Yokukansan ,Mice, Inbred Strains ,Dermatology ,Pharmacology ,Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ,Dermatitis, Atopic ,Mice ,Sex Factors ,medicine ,Animals ,Skin ,Atopic dermatitis ,Original Paper ,Transepidermal water loss ,Fexofenadine ,business.industry ,Scratching behavior ,General Medicine ,Scratching ,NMDA receptor ,medicine.disease ,Immunohistochemistry ,GLT-1 ,Anti-Anxiety Agents ,Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Social Isolation ,Immunology ,Medicine, Kampo ,Terfenadine ,business ,Drugs, Chinese Herbal ,Signal Transduction ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Yokukansan (YKS) has been used in Japan as a remedy for neurosis, insomnia, and children with night crying. In a previous study, we reported that YKS controls scratching behavior and inhibits the development of atopic dermatitis (AD)-like lesions in NC/Nga mice. In this study, we investigated the effects of YKS on the development of AD-like lesions in socially isolated NC/Nga mice compared with the effects of fexofenadine and elucidated the mechanism of the ameliorating effect of YKS on the skin lesions. Ten-week-old male NC/Nga mice were divided into three groups (n = 5/group): the conventional control, the YKS-treated, and the fexofenadine-treated groups, and were kept isolated under conventional conditions for 6 weeks. Measurements were made of dermatitis scores and transepidermal water loss (TEWL), scratching and grooming behaviors. Immunohistochemistry and mRNA levels were also evaluated. We performed similar experiments under specific pathogen free (SPF) conditions that served as a SPF control. YKS and fexofenadine inhibited the aggravation of skin lesions and decreased TEWL, but only YKS decreased the numbers of scratching and pathologic grooming behaviors. Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR revealed that N-methyl-D: -aspartate (NMDA) receptor expression was increased in the skin of conventional control mice and was decreased in YKS-treated mice. Glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) mRNA levels were decreased in the skin of conventional control mice and were increased in YKS-treated mice. The results indicate that YKS ameliorates AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice through a mechanism distinct from that of fexofenadine. Furthermore, the effects of YKS are suggested to be mediated via glutamate signaling in the skin lesions.
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22. Analysis of gene expression dynamics revealed delayed and abnormal epidermal repair process in aged compared to young skin
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Claire Marionnet, François-Xavier Bon, Bruno Bernard, Alain Mauviel, Charlotte Tacheau, Françoise Bernerd, Philippe Bastien, Peggy Sextius, and Louis Dubertret
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Male ,Aging ,Microarray ,Gene Expression ,Dermatology ,Biology ,Skin Aging ,Andrology ,Gene expression ,Stratum corneum ,medicine ,Humans ,Barrier function ,Aged ,Transepidermal water loss ,Wound Healing ,Original Paper ,Epidermis (botany) ,integumentary system ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Age Factors ,General Medicine ,Anatomy ,Middle Aged ,Healthy Volunteers ,Gene expression profiling ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Epidermis ,Repair - Abstract
With aging, epidermal homeostasis and barrier function are disrupted. In a previous study, we analyzed the transcriptomic response of young skin epidermis after stratum corneum removal, and obtained a global kinetic view of the molecular processes involved in barrier function recovery. In the present study, the same analysis was performed in aged skin in order to better understand the defects which occur with aging. Thirty healthy male volunteers (67 ± 4 years old) were involved. Tape-strippings were carried out on the inner face of one forearm, the other unstripped forearm serving as control. At 2, 6, 18, 30 and 72 h after stripping, TEWL measurements were taken, and epidermis samples were collected. Total RNA was extracted and analyzed using DermArray(®) cDNA microarrays. The results highlighted that barrier function recovery and overall kinetics of gene expression were delayed following stripping in aged skin. Indeed, the TEWL measurements showed that barrier recovery in the young group appeared to be dramatically significant during the overall kinetics, while there were no significant evolution in the aged group until 30 h. Moreover, gene expression analysis revealed that the number of modulated genes following tape stripping increased as a function of time and reached a peak at 6 h after tape stripping in young skin, while it was at 30 h in aged skin, showing that cellular activity linked to the repair process may be engaged earlier in young epidermis than in aged epidermis. A total of 370 genes were modulated in the young group. In the aged group, 382 genes were modulated, whose 184 were also modulated in the young group. Only eight genes that were modulated in both groups were significantly differently modulated. The characterization of these genes into 15 functional families helped to draw a scenario for the aging process affecting epidermal repair capacity.
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23. Hyperhidrosis: an update on prevalence and severity in the United States
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Thomas Mills, James Doolittle, Patricia F. Walker, and Jane Thurston
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,Adolescent ,Population ,Dermatology ,Severity ,030207 dermatology & venereal diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Excessive sweating ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Prevalence ,Medicine ,Hyperhidrosis ,Humans ,education ,Aged ,education.field_of_study ,Original Paper ,Health professionals ,Socioemotional selectivity theory ,business.industry ,Body area ,Treatment options ,Mean age ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,United States ,Impact ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Physical therapy ,Female ,Age of onset ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Current published estimates of the prevalence of hyperhidrosis in the United States are outdated and underestimate the true prevalence of the condition. The objectives of this study are to provide an updated estimate of the prevalence of hyperhidrosis in the US population and to further assess the severity and impact of sweating on those affected by the condition. For the purposes of obtaining prevalence, a nationally representative sample of 8160 individuals were selected using an online panel, and information as to whether or not they experience hyperhidrosis was obtained. The 393 individuals (210 female, 244 non-Hispanic white, 27 black, mean age 40.3, SE 0.64) who indicated that they have hyperhidrosis were asked further questions, including body areas impacted, severity of symptoms, age of onset, and socioemotional impact of the condition. Current results estimate the prevalence of hyperhidrosis at 4.8 %, which represents approximately 15.3 million people in the United States. Of these, 70 % report severe excessive sweating in at least one body area. In spite of this, only 51 % have discussed their excessive sweating with a healthcare professional. The main reasons are a belief that hyperhidrosis is not a medical condition and that no treatment options exist. The current study’s findings with regard to age of onset and prevalence by body area generally align with the previous research. However, current findings suggest that the severity and prevalence are both higher than previously thought, indicating a need for greater awareness of the condition and its associated treatment options among medical professionals.
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24. The effect of two endogenous retinoids on the mRNA expression profile in human primary keratinocytes, focusing on genes causing autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis
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Berit Berne, A. Bergström, G. Ghiasifarahani, and Hans Törmä
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Adult ,Keratinocytes ,Transcriptional Activation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cellular differentiation ,Primary Cell Culture ,Retinoic acid ,Chromosome Disorders ,Genes, Recessive ,Tretinoin ,Dermatology ,Biology ,Transcriptome ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,3,4-didehydroretinoic acid ,Internal medicine ,Retinoic acid receptors ,Congenital ichthyosis ,Keratin ,medicine ,Humans ,Dermatologi och venereologi ,RNA, Messenger ,Cells, Cultured ,Cell Proliferation ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Original Paper ,Epidermis (botany) ,Microarray analysis techniques ,All-trans retinoic acid ,Cell Differentiation ,MicroRNA ,General Medicine ,Ichthyosiform Erythroderma, Congenital ,Microarray Analysis ,Dermatology and Venereal Diseases ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,4-didehydroretinoic acid ,Cancer research ,Female ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Retinoids (natural forms and synthetic derivatives of vitamin A) are used as therapeutic agents for numerous skin diseases such as keratinization disorders (e.g. ichthyoses) and psoriasis. Two endogenous ligands for retinoic acid receptors exist, retinoic acid (atRA) and 3,4-didehydroretinoic acid (ddRA). In primary human epidermal keratinocytes many transcriptional targets for atRA are known, whereas the targets for ddRA are unknown. In an attempt to determine the targets, we compared the effect of atRA and ddRA on transcriptional profiles in undifferentiated and differentiating human primary keratinocytes. First, as expected, many genes were induced or suppressed in response to keratinocyte differentiation. Furthermore, the two retinoids affected substantially more genes in differentiated keratinocytes (>350) than in proliferating keratinocytes (≈20). In differentiating keratinocytes markers of cornification were suppressed suggesting a de-differentiating effect by the two retinoids. When comparing the expression profile of atRA to that of ddRA, no differently regulated genes were found. The array analysis also found that a minor number of miRNAs and a large number of non-coding transcripts were changed during differentiation and in response to the two retinoids. Furthermore, the expression of all, except one, genes known to cause autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) were found to be induced by differentiation. These results comprehensively document that atRA and ddRA exert similar transcriptional changes in keratinocytes and also add new insights into the molecular mechanism influenced by retinoids in the epidermis. Furthermore, it suggests which ARCI patients could benefit from therapy with retinoids. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00403-014-1476-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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25. High-definition optical coherence tomography imaging of melanocytic lesions: a pilot study
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Marc Boone, Gregor B.E. Jemec, V. Del Marmol, and Sarah Norrenberg
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Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Skin Neoplasms ,genetic structures ,High-definition optical coherence tomography ,Histopathology ,Pilot Projects ,Skin Pigmentation ,Dermoscopy ,Dermatology ,Reflectance confocal microscopy ,Dermis ,Optical coherence tomography ,Dysplastic nevi ,medicine ,Nevus ,Humans ,Melanoma ,Dermatologie ,Original Paper ,Nevus, Pigmented ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Papillary dermis ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,eye diseases ,Melanocytic skin lesion ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Epidermal Cells ,Melanocytes ,Tomography ,sense organs ,business ,Reticular Dermis ,Preclinical imaging ,Tomography, Optical Coherence - Abstract
High-definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT) is a non-invasive in vivo imaging technique with cellular resolution based on the principle of conventional optical coherence tomography. The objective of this study was to evaluate HD-OCT for its ability to identify architectural patterns and cytologic features of melanocytic lesions. All lesions were examined by one observer clinically and using dermoscopy. Cross-sectional HD-OCT images were compared with histopathology. En face HD-OCT images were compared with reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). Twenty-six melanocytic lesions of 26 patients were imaged. Identification of architectural patterns in cross-sectional mode and cytologic features of pigmented cells in the epidermis, dermo-epidermal junction, papillary dermis, and superficial reticular dermis in the en face mode was possible by HD-OCT. HD-OCT provides morphological imaging with sufficient resolution and penetration depth to discriminate architectural patterns and cytologic features of pigmented cells in epidermis and dermis. The method appears to offer the possibility of additional three-dimensional structural information complementary to that of RCM, albeit at a slightly lower lateral resolution. The diagnostic potential of HD-OCT regarding malignant melanoma is not high enough for ruling out a diagnosis of malignant melanoma. © 2013 The Author(s)., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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26. Clinical and biometrological efficacy of a hyaluronic acid-based mesotherapy product: a randomised controlled study
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Laetitia Liegard, Valérie Mengeaud, Anne-Marie Schmitt, Alexandre Delalleau, Laetitia Courrech, Martine Baspeyras, Sandrine Letellier, Céline Rouvrais, Irène Bacle, and Pascale Murat
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Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Mesotherapy ,Hyaluronic acid ,Population ,Urology ,Cosmetic Techniques ,Dermatology ,law.invention ,Dermis thickness ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Dermis ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Skin Physiological Phenomena ,medicine ,Humans ,Regeneration ,Rejuvenation ,education ,Saline ,Aged ,Skin ,education.field_of_study ,Original Paper ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Skin Care ,Elasticity ,Micro-injection ,Skin Aging ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Female ,Mannitol ,business ,Skin elasticity ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Data demonstrating the efficacy of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based mesotherapy for skin rejuvenation are scarce. The aim of the study is to assess the efficacy of non-reticulated HA-based mesotherapy on skin elasticity and complexion radiance. 55 women with cutaneous ageing signs included in the Full Analysis Set (FAS) population blindly received intradermal micro-injections (50 × 0.02 mL) of non-cross-linked HA filler with mannitol (Glytone 1, HA concentration: 14 mg/g) in one cheek and saline physiological solution in the other according to hemifacial randomisation in 3 monthly sessions. Elasticity (E1 and E2 stiffness parameters) and dermis thickness were measured by cutometry and 20 MHz echography, before (D0) treatment and 1 (1M) and 3 months (3M) after the last injection. A trained panel blindly scored skin complexion radiance from standardised and calibrated photographs, using 100 mm analogue scales. In the FAS population, only HA filler significantly decreased E1 at 1M (−10.9 %, p = 0.026) and 3M (−10.5 %, p = 0.035) compared with D0; its effect versus the control tended to be more persistent, with a difference between treatments at 3M close to significance (p = 0.063). E2 also decreased at 1M (−8.2 %, p = 0.027 in the per protocol population, n = 53) and 3M after HA-treatment only. Dermis thickness significantly increased after HA-treatment at 1M (+3.4 %, p = 0.028) and 3M (+4 %, p = 0.008), and after control-treatment at 1M only (+2.5 %, p = 0.015). The HA filler significantly improved complexion radiance at 3M compared with the control (p = 0.012) and for 51 % of subjects, their skin status. Non-reticulated HA-based mesotherapy significantly and sustainably improves skin elasticity and complexion radiance.
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27. XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphism, risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer and extramammary Paget’s disease in a Japanese population
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Koji Chiyomaru, Chikako Nishigori, and Tohru Nagano
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Oncology ,Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,XRCC1 ,Skin Neoplasms ,DNA Repair ,Genotype ,SNP ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,Dermatology ,Biology ,Malignancy ,Extramammary Paget's disease ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Gene Frequency ,Japan ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Skin cancer ,Humans ,Basal cell carcinoma ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Early Detection of Cancer ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Original Paper ,General Medicine ,Odds ratio ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,DNA-Binding Proteins ,Paget Disease, Extramammary ,X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1 ,Carcinoma, Basal Cell ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,Population study ,Female - Abstract
The X-ray repair cross-complementing groups 1 gene plays an important role in base excision repair. At least three common single nucleotide polymorphisms frequently occur in this gene (Arg399Gln, Arg194Trp and Arg280His). Recent studies reported that these polymorphisms were associated with not only risk of visceral malignancy but also that of skin cancer such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, whereas the results of previous study vary among races. In this case–control study, we investigated whether these single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with the risk of skin cancer in a Japanese population. The study population was composed of 197 patients with skin cancer (27 actinic keratoses, 47 basal cell carcinomas, 27 squamous cell carcinomas, 29 Bowen’s diseases, 46 malignant melanomas and 21 extramammary Paget’s diseases) and 93 control subjects. We genotyped two single nucleotide polymorphisms (Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln) using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragments length polymorphism analysis. We found a significantly increased risk for basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and extramammary Paget’s disease associated with Arg194Trp [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.347, 3.587, 3.741, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.02–5.39, 1.19–10.8, 1.15–12.2, respectively]. We also found a significantly decreased risk for basal cell carcinoma associated with Gln399Gln (AOR = 0.259, 95 % CI 0.07–0.96). Our data suggest that the Arg194Trp polymorphism could be associated with nonmelanoma skin cancer and extramammary Paget’s disease risk in a Japanese population.
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28. Melanogenesis inhibitory effect of aerial part of Pueraria thunbergiana in vitro and in vivo
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EunByeol Han, BoYoon Chang, Sung-Yeon Kim, Hyoung-Kwon Cho, and Dae-Sung Kim
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Male ,Pueraria ,Skin Neoplasms ,Time Factors ,Transcription, Genetic ,Tyrosinase ,Skin Lightening Preparations ,Melanoma, Experimental ,Skin Pigmentation ,Anti-melanogenesis ,Melanin ,Mice ,Skin ,Membrane Glycoproteins ,biology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Monophenol Monooxygenase ,General Medicine ,Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor ,Pueraria thunbergiana ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,Biochemistry ,Albinism ,Melanocytes ,Oxidoreductases ,Signal Transduction ,Melasma ,Dermatology ,Administration, Cutaneous ,Western blot ,In vivo ,Cell Line, Tumor ,medicine ,Animals ,Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors ,Melanins ,Mice, Hairless ,Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor ,Original Paper ,Plants, Medicinal ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Plant Extracts ,GSK-3β ,fungi ,alpha-Glucosidases ,Plant Components, Aerial ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Glucosidase ,Phytotherapy - Abstract
Melanin is major factor that determines skin color as well as one of the defense systems that prevent the UV-induced damage. In case of abnormal concentration of melanin, skin diseases or problems occur such as albinism, leukoplakia, melasma, freckles, moles, and lentigo. With the lifespan of humans has been extended, importance of ‘life quality’ has been increased. White and clean skin is very important part of the satisfaction of appearance, especially for Asia women. The aim of this study was to find an anti-melanogenesis activity for which the aerial part of Pueraria thunbergiana can be utilized based on the increase in demands for cosmetics, particularly natural products. We demonstrated anti-pigmentation effects of aerial part of P. thunbergiana by measuring melanin content and through staining in the B16F10 melanoma cell line. The aerial part of P. thunbergiana decreased tyrosinase activity significantly in B16F10 cell cultures, while there is no direct effect on enzyme in cell-free conditions. To define the mechanisms, real-time PCR, western blot, glucosidase activity and antioxidant activity assay were implemented. As results, we demonstrated that aerial part of P. thunbergiana has anti-melanogenesis activity via two mechanisms. One is downgrading microphthalmia-associated transcription factor by activating Akt/GSK-3β. Consequently, transcription of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 1 is decreased. Another is interrupting maturation of tyrosinase through inhibiting α-glucosidase. Furthermore, aerial part of P. thunbergiana showed great efficacy on pigmentation in vivo. These results suggest that aerial part of P. thunbergiana can be used as an anti-melanogenic agent.
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29. A Rasch model analysis of two interpretations of 'not relevant' responses on the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI).
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Rencz, Fanni, Mitev, Ariel Z., Szabó, Ákos, Beretzky, Zsuzsanna, Poór, Adrienn K., Holló, Péter, Wikonkál, Norbert, Sárdy, Miklós, Kárpáti, Sarolta, Szegedi, Andrea, Remenyik, Éva, and Brodszky, Valentin
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RASCH models , *QUALITY of life , *PRINCIPAL components analysis , *DERMATOLOGY , *GENDER - Abstract
Purpose: Eight of the ten items of the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) have a 'not relevant' response (NRR) option. There are two possible ways to interpret NRRs: they may be considered 'not at all' or missing responses. We aim to compare the measurement performance of the DLQI in psoriasis patients when NRRs are scored as '0' (hereafter zero-scoring) and 'missing' (hereafter missing-scoring) using Rasch model analysis. Methods: Data of 425 patients with psoriasis from two earlier cross-sectional surveys were re-analysed. All patients completed the paper-based Hungarian version of the DLQI. A partial credit model was applied. The following model assumptions and measurement properties were tested: dimensionality, item fit, person reliability, order of response options and differential item functioning (DIF). Results: Principal component analysis of the residuals of the Rasch model confirmed the unidimensional structure of the DLQI. Person separation reliability indices were similar with zero-scoring (0.910) and missing-scoring (0.914) NRRs. With zero-scoring, items 6 (sport), 7 (working/studying) and 9 (sexual difficulties) suffered from item misfit and item-level disordering. With missing-scoring, no misfit was observed and only item 7 was illogically ordered. Six and three items showed DIF for gender and age, respectively, that were reduced to four and three by missing-scoring. Conclusions: Missing-scoring NRRs resulted in an improved measurement performance of the scale. DLQI scores of patients with at least one vs. no NRRs cannot be directly compared. Our findings provide further empirical support to the DLQI-R scoring modification that treats NRRs as missing and replaces them with the average score of the relevant items. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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30. Research on Golay-coded excitation in real-time imaging of high frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy.
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Wang, Xiaochun, Yang, Jun, Ji, Jianjun, Zhang, Yusheng, and Zhou, Sheng
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SLIT lamp microscopy , *DERMATOLOGY , *OPHTHALMOLOGY , *SOCIAL isolation , *NEURAL circuitry - Abstract
High frequency ultrasonic imaging provides clinicians with high-resolution diagnostic images and more accurate measurement results. The technique is now widely used in ophthalmology, dermatology, and small animal imaging. However, since ultrasonic attenuation in tissue increases rapidly with increasing frequency, the depth of detection of high frequency ultrasound in tissue is limited to a few millimeters. In this paper, a novel method of using Golay-coded excitation as a replacement for conventional single-pulse excitation in high frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy was proposed, and real-time imaging was realized. While maintaining the transmission voltage and image resolution unchanged, the detection depth can be effectively improved. The ultrasonic transmission frequency is 30 MHz and the transmission voltage is ± 60 V p-p. In this study, 4-bit, 8-bit, and 16-bit coding sequences and decoding compression were used. To verify the effectiveness of the coding sequence in real-time imaging of ultrasound biomicroscopy, we designed a 10-μm diameter line target echo experiment, an ultrasound phantom experiment, and an in vitro porcine eye experiment. The experimental results show that the code/decode method of signal processing can not only maintain a resolution consistent with that of single-pulse transmission, but can also improve the detection depth and signal-to-noise ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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31. Dermoscopy in Monitoring and Predicting Therapeutic Response in General Dermatology (Non-Tumoral Dermatoses): An Up-To-Date Overview.
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Errichetti, Enzo
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SKIN diseases , *LICHEN sclerosus et atrophicus , *DERMATOLOGY , *PEDICULOSIS , *SCABIES , *LICHEN planus , *WARTS , *DERMOSCOPY - Abstract
Besides the well-known use in supporting the non-invasive diagnosis of non-tumoral dermatoses (general dermatology), dermoscopy has been shown to be a promising tool also in predicting and monitoring therapeutic outcomes of such conditions, with the consequent improvement/optimization of their treatment. In the present paper, we sought to provide an up-to-date overview on the use of dermoscopy in highlighting response predictor factors and evaluating therapeutic results in the field of general dermatology according to the current literature data. Several dermatoses may somehow benefit from such applications, including inflammatory conditions (psoriasis, lichen planus, dermatitis, granulomatous conditions, erythro-telangiectatic rosacea, Zoon balanitis and vulvitis, cutaneous mastocytosis, morphea and extra-genital lichen sclerosus), pigmentary disorders (vitiligo and melasma) and infectious dermatoses (scabies, pediculosis, demodicosis and viral warts). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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32. Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography for three-dimensional skin imaging.
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Ogien, Jonas, Daures, Anthony, Cazalas, Maxime, Perrot, Jean-Luc, and Dubois, Arnaud
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This paper reports on the latest advances in line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT), a recently invented imaging technology that now allows the generation of either horizontal (x × y) section images at an adjustable depth or vertical (x × z) section images at an adjustable lateral position, as well as three-dimensional images. For both two-dimensional imaging modes, images are acquired in real-time, with real-time control of the depth and lateral positions. Three-dimensional (x × y × z) images are acquired from a stack of horizontal section images. The device is in the form of a portable probe. The handle of the probe has a button and a scroll wheel allowing the user to control the imaging modes. Using a supercontinuum laser as a broadband light source and a high numerical microscope objective, an isotropic spatial resolution of ∼1 µm is achieved. The field of view of the three-dimensional images is 1.2 mm × 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm (x × y × z). Images of skin tissues are presented to demonstrate the potential of the technology in dermatology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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33. Czech medical personalities in Vienna during the 19th century.
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Šteiner, Ivo
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Summary: During the entire 19th century, Czech lands (Bohemia and Moravia) were part of the Austrian Empire (from 1867, Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy). Obviously, there used to be quite frequent migration of Czechs of all social groups towards Austria, particularly to the capital Vienna. It is estimated that in the year 1900, from the 1.6 million inhabitants of Vienna, there were 250–300 thousand Czechs. And this tendency concerned also medicine. In this paper, the most important Czech-born medical personalities working in Vienna in the 19th century will be briefly presented—in pathology Wagner, Rokitansky, Kolletschka, and Dlauhy; in internal medicine Skoda, Oppolzer, Duchek, and Chvostek; in surgery Pitha and Albert; in physiology and ophthalmology Prohaska; in pediatrics Bednar; and in dermatology Hebra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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34. Optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma.
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Hussain, Alia, Themstrup, Lotte, and Jemec, Gregor
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OPTICAL coherence tomography , *BASAL cell carcinoma , *DERMATOLOGY , *SKIN cancer , *INTERNET in medicine , *DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
Since its introduction in dermatology in the late 1990s optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been used to study many skin diseases, in particular non-melanoma skin cancer and it s precursors. Special attention has been paid to superficial basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and a number of smaller observational studies have been published. The diagnostic criteria for BCC of these studies are systematically reviewed. A systemic review of English language studies was performed using PubMed, Google Scholar and Royal Danish Library, to search for primary papers on OCT and BCC. The references of retrieved papers were searched by hand for further relevant papers. A total of 39 papers were identified (search date: 2014-01-15). 22 were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria, leaving 17 papers for analysis. In 100 % of the studies, rounded dark structures in the upper dermis surrounded by a hyperreflective halo possibly surrounded by a hyporeflective border and disruption of epidermal layering were described. In 53 % of the reports a hyporeflective lateral tumour border was described. A range of other features were mentioned in a minority of the studies. It is suggested that these diagnostic criteria could be characteristic for identifying BCC lesions using OCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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35. Prediction of Skin Disease Using Ensemble Data Mining Techniques and Feature Selection Method—a Comparative Study.
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Verma, Anurag Kumar, Pal, Saurabh, and Kumar, Surjeet
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Nowadays, skin disease is a major problem among peoples worldwide. Different machine learning techniques are applied to predict the various classes of skin disease. In this research paper, we have applied six different machine learning algorithm to categorize different classes of skin disease using three ensemble techniques and then a feature selection method to compare the results obtained from different machine learning techniques. In the proposed study, we present a new method, which applies six different data mining classification techniques and then developed an ensemble approach using bagging, AdaBoost, and gradient boosting classifiers techniques to predict the different classes of skin disease. Further, the feature importance method is used to select important 15 features which play a major role in prediction. A subset of the original dataset is obtained after selecting only 15 features to compare the results of used six machine learning techniques and ensemble approach as on the whole dataset. The ensemble method used on skin disease dataset is compared with the new subset of the original dataset obtained from feature selection method. The outcome shows that the dermatological prediction accuracy of the test dataset is increased compared with an individual classifier and a better accuracy is obtained as compared with subset obtained from feature selection method. The ensemble method and feature selection used on dermatology datasets give better performance as compared with individual classifier algorithms. Ensemble method gives more accurate and effective skin disease prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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36. Equivalence and measurement properties of an electronic version of the Psoriasis Symptom Inventory.
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Bushnell, Donald, Martin, Mona, Scanlon, Michael, Chen, TeChieh, Chau, Dina, and Viswanathan, Hema
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PSORIASIS , *ELECTRONIC health records , *SYMPTOMS , *CLINICAL trials , *DERMATOLOGY , *QUALITY of life , *DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the equivalence of electronic and paper versions of the Psoriasis Symptom Inventory and to examine measurement properties of the electronic version. Methods: In a prospective, randomized, crossover, non-interventional study in adult subjects (age ≥18 years) with plaque psoriasis conducted over a period of 15 days, subjects were randomized to two groups, completing either the paper or electronic Psoriasis Symptom Inventory daily for 7 consecutive days followed by the alternate version. Equivalence was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between both administration modes. Differences in scores were also tested using paired Student's t test. Measurement properties included internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, and convergent and discriminant validity between the Psoriasis Symptom Inventory and (1) disease-specific (Dermatology Life Quality Index) and (2) general health (SF-36v2) status. Results: Eighty subjects [74 % (59/80) moderate-to-severe psoriasis; 26 % (21/80) mild psoriasis receiving systemic treatment] were enrolled from 8 sites in the USA. The two modes were highly concordant for both total (ICC = 0.97) and individual item scores (ICC range = 0.93-0.97). Response bias testing showed no differences based on completion order with all ICC values >0.91. All mean score differences, except for one item ('flaking'), were non-significant ( P > 0.05). Minimum values for reliability (>0.70) and validity (convergent, r ≥ 0.40) were exceeded for the electronic Psoriasis Symptom Inventory. Conclusions: Equivalence between paper and electronic versions of the Psoriasis Symptom Inventory and strong measurement properties of the electronic mode indicated a successful migration from paper to electronic format of the Psoriasis Symptom Inventory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Transforming Dermatologic Imaging for the Digital Era: Metadata and Standards.
- Author
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Caffery, Liam J., Clunie, David, Curiel-Lewandrowski, Clara, Malvehy, Josep, Soyer, H. Peter, and Halpern, Allan C.
- Subjects
DATABASE management ,DERMATOLOGY ,DIAGNOSTIC imaging ,METADATA ,DICOM (Computer network protocol) - Abstract
Imaging is increasingly being used in dermatology for documentation, diagnosis, and management of cutaneous disease. The lack of standards for dermatologic imaging is an impediment to clinical uptake. Standardization can occur in image acquisition, terminology, interoperability, and metadata. This paper presents the International Skin Imaging Collaboration position on standardization of metadata for dermatologic imaging. Metadata is essential to ensure that dermatologic images are properly managed and interpreted. There are two standards-based approaches to recording and storing metadata in dermatologic imaging. The first uses standard consumer image file formats, and the second is the file format and metadata model developed for the Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) standard. DICOM would appear to provide an advantage over using consumer image file formats for metadata as it includes all the patient, study, and technical metadata necessary to use images clinically. Whereas, consumer image file formats only include technical metadata and need to be used in conjunction with another actor—for example, an electronic medical record—to supply the patient and study metadata. The use of DICOM may have some ancillary benefits in dermatologic imaging including leveraging DICOM network and workflow services, interoperability of images and metadata, leveraging existing enterprise imaging infrastructure, greater patient safety, and better compliance to legislative requirements for image retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Flow-guided hair removal for automated skin lesion identification.
- Author
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Kang, Dongwann, Kim, Sanggeun, and Park, Sangoh
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SKIN diseases ,DIAGNOSTIC imaging ,DERMATOLOGY ,HAIR removal ,IMAGE processing ,IMAGE analysis - Abstract
In this paper, we propose a method for removing hairs automatically from skin lesion images. To achieve this, we employ an edge-detection technique based on edge-tangent flow. To detect only hair-like structures, rather than contour boundaries, we propose a novel, specialized method for detecting hairs. Regardless of the personal characteristics of the hairs, hairy regions are detected because our method detects coherent thin lines of consistent width. We then restore the hairy regions detected by the proposed method by using the texture synthesis method. Our method restores the regions occluded by hairs with very few remarkable artifacts, because we utilize pixels that actually exist in the source image to restore the occluded areas by searching for the best matching pixels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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39. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: A Concise Review with a Comprehensive Summary of Therapeutic Interventions Emphasizing Supportive Measures.
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Schneider, Jeremy, Cohen, Philip, Schneider, Jeremy A, and Cohen, Philip R
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ADRENOCORTICAL hormones ,HORMONE therapy ,CYCLOSPORINE ,THERAPEUTIC use of immunoglobulins ,COMBINED modality therapy ,TUMOR necrosis factors ,STEVENS-Johnson Syndrome ,CHEMICAL inhibitors - Abstract
Introduction: Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are two of the most severe dermatologic conditions occurring in the inpatient setting. There is a lack of consensus regarding appropriate management of SJS and TEN.Purpose: The scientific literature pertaining to SJS and TEN (subsequently referred to as SJS/TEN) is summarized and assessed. In addition, an interventional approach for the clinician is provided.Methods: PubMed was searched with the key words: corticosteroids, cyclosporine, etanercept, intravenous immunoglobulin, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis. The papers generated by the search, and their references, were reviewed.Results: Supportive care is the most universally accepted intervention for SJS/TEN. Specific guidelines differ from the care required for patients with thermal burns. Adjuvant therapies are utilized in most severe cases, but the data are thus far underwhelming and underpowered. Using systemic corticosteroids as sole therapy is not supported. A consensus regarding combined corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has not been reached. Data regarding IVIG, currently the standard of care for most referral centers, is conflicting. Newer studies regarding cyclosporine and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors are promising, but not powered to provide definitive evidence of efficacy. Data regarding plasmapheresis is equivocal. Thalidomide increases mortality.Conclusion: Clinicians who manage SJS/TEN should seek to employ interventions with the greatest impact on their patients' condition. While supportive care measures may seem an obvious aspect of SJS/TEN patient care, providers should understand that these interventions are imperative and that they differ from the care recommended for other critically ill or burn patients. While adjuvant therapies are frequently discussed and debated for hospitalized patients with SJS/TEN, a standardized management approach is not yet clear based on the current data. Therefore, until further data are available, decisions regarding such treatments should be made on a case-by-case basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
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40. Medical Malpractice in Dermatology-Part I: Reducing the Risks of a Lawsuit.
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Shah, Vidhi, Kapp, Marshall, and Wolverton, Stephen
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PREVENTION of legal liability , *DERMATOLOGY , *INFORMED consent (Medical law) , *MALPRACTICE , *RISK management in business , *TELEMEDICINE , *MEDICAL offices , *OFFICE management , *ELECTRONIC health records - Abstract
Malpractice risk is a common source of concern for the practicing physician. Dermatologists experience fewer lawsuits than most other specialists in medicine, but the risk is not negligible. All physicians should familiarize themselves with areas of potential risk and avoid medico-legal pitfalls. We present Part I of a two-part series addressing medico-legal questions common to most practitioners that cause a great deal of anxiety. Part I will focus upon risk management and prevention of future malpractice lawsuits, and Part II deals with suggestions and guidance once a lawsuit occurs. Herein, we discuss the primary sources of malpractice lawsuits delivered against healthcare practitioners including issues with informed consent, patient noncompliance, medical negligence, and inappropriate documentation, including use of electronic medical records. The overall goal is to effectively avoid these common sources of litigation. The risk management strategies discussed in this paper are relevant to the everyday practitioner and may offer physicians some degree of protection from potential liability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Medical Malpractice in Dermatology-Part II: What To Do Once You Have Been Served with a Lawsuit.
- Author
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Shah, Vidhi, Kapp, Marshall, and Wolverton, Stephen
- Subjects
- *
MALPRACTICE , *DERMATOLOGY , *MEDICAL referrals , *NEGOTIATION , *LEGAL procedure , *PEER relations - Abstract
Facing a malpractice lawsuit can be a daunting and traumatic experience for healthcare practitioners, with most clinicians naïve to the legal landscape. It is crucial for physicians to know and understand the malpractice system and his or her role once challenged with litigation. We present part II of a two-part series addressing the most common medicolegal questions that cause a great deal of anxiety. Part I focused upon risk-management strategies and prevention of malpractice lawsuits, whereas part II provides helpful suggestions and guidance for the physician who has been served with a lawsuit complaint. Herein, we address the best approach concerning what to do and what not to do after receipt of a legal claim, during the deposition, and during the trial phases. We also discuss routine concerns that may arise during the development of the case, including the personal, financial, and career implications of a malpractice lawsuit and how these can be best managed. The defense strategies discussed in this paper are not a guide separate from legal representation to winning a lawsuit, but may help physicians prepare for and cope with a medical malpractice lawsuit. This article is written from a US perspective, and therefore not all of the statements made herein will be applicable in other countries. Within the USA, medical practitioners must be familiar with their own state and local laws and should consult with their own legal counsel to obtain advice about specific questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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- View/download PDF
42. Fibroepithelioma of Pinkus Revisited.
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Haddock, Ellen and Cohen, Philip
- Subjects
- *
BASAL cell carcinoma treatment , *BASAL cell carcinoma , *SKIN cancer diagnosis , *IMMUNOSTAINING , *DERMATOLOGY , *DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
Background: Fibroepithelioma of Pinkus (FeP) is considered a variant of basal cell carcinoma (BCC); however, in the past 20 years, some researchers have argued for its classification as a trichoblastoma. Recently, use of a new immunostaining marker and further dermoscopic characterization of FeP have advanced the debate about its proper classification. Purpose: A review of the evidence for and against classification of FeP as BCC or trichoblastoma is presented. Methods: Using PubMed, the term FeP was searched and relevant citations were assessed. Additional relevant articles were identified from references of key papers. Results: FeP shares characteristics of both trichoblastoma and BCC. Conclusion: Derived from the same cell type, BCC and trichoblastoma may be best considered as representing opposite ends of a spectrum of differentiation, with FeP deserving an intermediate classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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43. Injection Site Lichenoid Dermatitis Following Pneumococcal Vaccination: Report and Review of Cutaneous Conditions Occurring at Vaccination Sites.
- Author
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Cohen, Philip
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- *
SKIN diseases , *SKIN inflammation , *DERMATOLOGY , *VACCINATION , *INJECTIONS - Abstract
Background: Cutaneous dermatoses and malignancies have occurred at the sites of vaccines. Purpose: To describe a man who developed a lichenoid dermatitis at the pneumococcal vaccine injection site and to review cutaneous dermatoses and malignancies occurring at vaccination sites. Methods: PubMed was used to search the following terms, separately and in combination: adverse, condition, cutaneous, dermatosis, dermatitis, injection, PCV13, pneumococcal, pneumonia, prevnar, reaction, skin, site, vaccination, and vaccine. All papers were reviewed, and relevant manuscripts, along with their reference citations, were evaluated. Results: Several vaccines-including bacillus Calmette-Guerin, hepatitis B, influenza, leishmaniasis, meningitis, pneumococcal, smallpox, tetanus (alone and in combination with diphtheria, pertussis, polio, Haemophilus influenza type B or plague and yellow fever), and varicella-zoster-have been associated with post-vaccination site reactions. A 70-year-old male developed a lichenoid dermatitis that occurred at the pneumococcal vaccine injection site within 2 weeks after PCV13 vaccination; the erythematous nodule resolved spontaneously within 9 weeks following immunization. Conclusions: Dermatoses at the injection sites of vaccines can be granulomatous, immunity-related conditions, infections, lichenoid, neutrophilic, or pseudolymphomatous. Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the most common vaccination site-associated malignancies; however, melanoma and sarcomas (dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, fibrosarcoma, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma) are also smallpox vaccine-related site neoplasms. A cutaneous immunocompromised district that is created by vaccine-induced local immunologic changes is hypothesized to be the pathogenesis of vaccination site reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Dermal Fillers: An Update.
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Ballin, Annelyse, Brandt, Fredric, and Cazzaniga, Alex
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- *
AESTHETICS , *DERMATOLOGY , *INJECTIONS - Abstract
Injection of dermal fillers is the second most frequent nonsurgical cosmetic procedure performed in the USA. Dermal fillers are an option in the treatment of volume deficiency, scars, and rhytides; facial sculpting; facial contouring; and augmentation of specific anatomical sites such as the lips. The number of injectable dermal fillers available on the market increases yearly. Dermatologists and cosmetic surgeons should regularly review treatment options to provide patients with safe and effective filler options. This paper extensively reviews the properties of the available fillers, such as their rheology, longevity, and adverse effects, and how these properties affect the choice of filler agent for a particular patient or a particular site. Also, trends in dermal filler injections are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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45. In Silico Predictions of Human Skin Permeability using Nonlinear Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship Models.
- Author
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Baba, Hiromi, Takahara, Jun-ichi, and Mamitsuka, Hiroshi
- Subjects
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SKIN permeability , *NONLINEAR analysis , *STRUCTURE-activity relationships , *DERMATOLOGY , *DRUG development , *SUPPORT vector machines - Abstract
Purpose: Predicting human skin permeability of chemical compounds accurately and efficiently is useful for developing dermatological medicines and cosmetics. However, previous work have two problems; 1) quality of databases used, and 2) methods for prediction models. In this paper, we attempt to solve these two problems. Methods: We first compile, by carefully screening from the literature, a novel dataset of chemical compounds with permeability coefficients, measured under consistent experimental conditions. We then apply machine learning techniques such as support vector regression (SVR) and random forest (RF) to our database to develop prediction models. Molecular descriptors are fully computationally obtained, and greedy stepwise selection is employed for descriptor selection. Prediction models are internally and externally validated. Results: We generated an original, new database on human skin permeability of 211 different compounds from aqueous donors. Nonlinear SVR achieved the best performance among linear SVR, nonlinear SVR, and RF. The determination coefficient, root mean square error, and mean absolute error of nonlinear SVR in external validation were 0.910, 0.342, and 0.282, respectively. Conclusions: We provided one of the largest datasets with purely experimental log k and developed reliable and accurate prediction models for screening active ingredients and seeking unsynthesized compounds of dermatological medicines and cosmetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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46. American Academy of Dermatology Annual Meeting.
- Author
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Fraser, Kathy
- Subjects
- *
CONFERENCES & conventions , *ATOPIC dermatitis , *DERMATOLOGY , *ECZEMA , *PSORIASIS , *ROSACEA , *SKIN diseases - Abstract
Information on several papers discussed at the annual meeting of American Academy of Dermatology held March 3-7, 2017, on the invention of advanced technologies for the treatment of various skin and hair diseases including acne rosacea and other infections. Particular focus is given to the updates in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.
- Published
- 2017
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47. Hirsutism: An Evidence-Based Treatment Update.
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Somani, Najwa and Turvy, Diane
- Subjects
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HYPERTRICHOSIS treatment , *BEHAVIOR modification , *HYPERTRICHOSIS , *DATABASES , *DERMATOLOGY , *ETHNIC groups , *HEALTH behavior , *ORAL contraceptives , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *EVIDENCE-based medicine , *PSYCHOLOGY , *DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Background: Hirsutism has a relatively high prevalence among women. Depending upon societal and ethnic norms, it can cause significant psychosocial distress. Importantly, hirsutism may be associated with underlying disorders and co-morbidities. Hirsutism should not simply be looked upon as an issue of cosmesis. Patients require appropriate evaluation so that underlying etiologies and associated sequelae are recognized and managed. Treatment of hirsutism often requires a multidisciplinary approach, and a variety of physical or pharmacologic modalities can be employed. Efficacy of these therapies is varied and depends, among other things, upon patient factors including the underlying etiology, hormonal drive, and local tissue sensitivity to androgens. Objective: The objective of this paper is to review and summarize current evidence evaluating the efficacy of various treatment modalities for hirsutism in premenopausal women. Methods: Online databases were searched to identify all relevant prior systematic reviews and meta-analyses as well as recently published (2012-present) randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on hirsutism treatment. Results: Four recently published RCTs met criteria for inclusion in our review. In addition, one meta-analysis and one systematic review/treatment guideline were identified in the recent literature. Physical modalities and oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) remain first-line treatments. Evidence supports the use of electrolysis for permanent hair removal in localized areas and lasers (particularly alexandrite and diode lasers) for permanent hair reduction. Topical eflornithine can be used as monotherapy for mild hirsutism and as an adjunct therapy with lasers or pharmacotherapy in more severe cases. Combined OCPs as a class are superior to placebo; however, antiandrogenic and low-dose neutral OCPs may be slightly more efficacious in improving hirsutism compared with other types of OCPs. Antiandrogens are indicated for moderate to severe hirsutism, with spironolactone being the first-line antiandrogen and finasteride and cyproterone acetate being second-line antiandrogens. Due to its risk for hepatotoxicity, flutamide is not considered a first-line therapy. If used, the lowest effective dose should be administered with careful monitoring of liver enzymes. Monotherapy with an insulin sensitizer does not significantly improve hirsutism. While insulin sensitizers improve important metabolic and endocrine aberrations in polycystic ovary syndrome, they are not recommended when hirsutism is the sole indication for use. Lifestyle modification counseling is recommended. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs and glucocorticoids are only recommended in specific circumstances. Additional therapies without sufficient supportive evidence of efficacy are ovarian surgery, statins (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors), and vitamin D supplementation. Limitations: In general, most therapies garner recommendations that are weak (where the estimates of benefits versus risks of therapy are either closely balanced or uncertain) and are based on low- to moderate-quality evidence. Conclusions: Risks and benefits of treatment must be carefully considered and discussed with the patient. Expectations for efficacy should be appropriately set. A minimum of 6 months is required to see benefit from pharmacotherapy and lifelong treatment is often necessary for sustained benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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- View/download PDF
48. Androgenetic Alopecia: An Evidence-Based Treatment Update.
- Author
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Varothai, Supenya and Bergfeld, Wilma
- Subjects
- *
BALDNESS treatment , *ALOPECIA areata , *ADRENERGIC alpha blockers , *BALDNESS , *DERMATOLOGY , *INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems , *MEDICAL databases , *MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems , *MEDICAL care , *MEDICAL protocols , *MEDLINE , *PATIENTS , *PROSTAGLANDINS , *SERIAL publications , *OPERATIVE surgery , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *EVIDENCE-based medicine , *DRUG approval , *PLATELET-rich plasma , *DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is one of the most common chronic problems seen by dermatologists worldwide. It is characterized by progressive hair loss, especially of scalp hair, and has distinctive patterns of loss in women versus men, but in both genders the central scalp is most severely affected. It often begins around puberty and is known to effect self-esteem and the individual's quality of life. In contrast to the high prevalence of AGA, approved therapeutic options are limited. In addition to the scarce pharmacologic treatments, there are numerous nonprescription products claimed to be effective in restoring hair in androgenetic alopecia. Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to review published medical and non-medical treatments for male and female AGA using the American College of Physicians evidence assessment methods. MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library were searched for systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, open studies, case reports and relevant studies of the treatment of male and female AGA. The relevant articles were classified according to grade and level of evidence. Results: The medical treatments with the best level of evidence classification for efficacy and safety for male AGA are oral finasteride and topical minoxidil solution. For female AGA, topical minoxidil solution appears to be the most effective and safe treatment. The medical treatments corresponding to the next level of evidence quality are some commonly used therapeutic non-FDA-approved options including oral and topical anti-hormonal treatments. Surgical treatment of follicular unit hair transplantation is an option in cases that have failed medical treatment although there is high variation in outcomes. Limitations: Some articles, especially those concerning traditional herbs claimed to promote hair regrowth, were published in non-English, local journals. Conclusions: An assessment of the evidence quality of current publications indicates that oral finasteride (for men only) and topical minoxidil (for men and women) are the best treatments of AGA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Diabetic Foot Ulcer: An Evidence-Based Treatment Update.
- Author
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Braun, Liza, Fisk, Whitney, Lev-Tov, Hadar, Kirsner, Robert, and Isseroff, Roslyn
- Subjects
- *
TREATMENT of diabetic foot , *CINAHL database , *DATABASES , *DERMATOLOGY , *DIABETES , *HEALTH care teams , *MEDICAL databases , *INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems , *MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems , *EVALUATION of medical care , *MEDICAL quality control , *MEDLINE , *METABOLIC regulation , *ONLINE information services , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *EVIDENCE-based medicine , *DIABETIC foot , *DISEASE complications - Abstract
Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are extremely debilitating and difficult to treat. Multidisciplinary management, patient education, glucose control, debridement, offloading, infection control, and adequate perfusion are the mainstays of standard care endorsed by most practice guidelines. Adjunctive therapies represent new treatment modalities endorsed in recent years, though many lack significant high-powered studies to support their use as standard of care. Objective: This update intends to identify recent, exclusively high level, evidence-based evaluations of DFU therapies. Furthermore, it suggests a direction for future research. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Ovid Technologies, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for recent systematic reviews published after 2004, and randomized controlled trials published in 2012-2013 that evaluated treatment modalities for DFUs. These papers are reviewed and the quality of available evidence is discussed. Results: A total of 34 studies met inclusion criteria. Studied therapies include debridement, off-loading, negative pressure therapy, dressings, topical therapies, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, growth factors, bioengineered skin substitutes, electrophysical therapy, and alternative therapy. Good-quality evidence is lacking to justify the use of many of these therapies, with the exception of standard care (offloading, debridement) and possibly negative pressure wound therapy. Limitations: There is an overall lack of high-level evidence in new adjunctive management of DFU. Comparison of different treatment modalities is difficult, since existing studies are not standardized. Conclusions: Many therapeutic modalities are available to treat DFU. Quality high-level evidence exists for standard care such as off-loading. Evidence for adjunctive therapies such as negative pressure wound therapy, skin substitutes, and platelet-derived growth factor can help guide adjunctive care but limitations exist in terms of evidence quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Dermatology An Overview of Selected Modalities for the Practicing Dermatologist.
- Author
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Bhuchar, Sunaina, Katta, Rajani, and Wolf, John
- Subjects
- *
ALTERNATIVE medicine , *PHYSIOLOGICAL control systems , *COGNITIVE therapy , *DERMATOLOGY , *HOMEOPATHY , *HYPNOTISM , *INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems , *MEDICAL databases , *AYURVEDIC medicine , *CHINESE medicine , *MEDLINE , *ONLINE information services - Abstract
According to survey data, 35-69% of patients with skin disease have used complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in their lifetime. A literature search on this subject reveals a number of studies on the efficacy of CAM treatment for dermatologic conditions, as well as a number of articles showing the growing prevalence of CAM use amongst patients suffering from these conditions. Given the consensus amongst these articles that dermatologists require increased education on CAM, this paper presents an overview of some of the most widely used systems of alternative medicine to serve as a tool for practicing dermatologists. Specifically, the history and theory behind psychocutaneous therapies, traditional Chinese medicine (including acupuncture), homeopathy, and Ayurvedic medicine will be described, along with current evidence for their efficacy and reports of their adverse effects. The authors conclude that more evidence and better studies arc needed for each of the major CAM modalities before they may be considered as independent therapeutic options. Moreover, given the shortage of evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of CAM, dermatologists should obtain a thorough history of CAM use from their patients. In general, ingestible substances including most homeopathic, Ayurvedic, and traditional Chinese medicine herbal formulations that are not US FDA regulated should be viewed with caution as they may cause severe adverse effects such as arsenicosis and hepatotoxicity. On the other hand, less invasive techniques such as acupuncture and psychocutaneous therapies may be more acceptable given their low-risk profile. Ultimately, until the availability of more sound data, these treatments should primarily be used in combination with conventional treatment and rarely independently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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