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Deviant or purple leisure associated with crime and criminal behaviour is notable as the non-innocent aspect of leisure. However, the deviant behavioural tendencies of leisure participants are an overlooked issue. The purpose of this study is to develop a scale to evaluate the deviant leisure tendencies of individuals. First, in-depth interviews and content analysis were conducted to generate the initial items. Second, exploratory factor analysis was conducted with 165 university students to determine the ideal number of items and to facilitate factor extraction. Third, confirmative factor analysis was employed to investigate 350 subjects on-site. Experimental evidence on psychometric qualities was uncovered through these processing steps and the Adult Deviant Leisure Tendency Scale (ADLTS) (one dimension and five items) was developed. As a result, it can be said that ADLTS is a valid and reliable measurement tool for individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the serious leisure to devotee work (SL-DW) transformation trajectory in the case of yoga. An in-depth semistructured interview was conducted with 15 serious yoga practitioners to examine career change and the relationships between leisure and work. The findings of the research outline the passage from stepping into casual yoga leisure, moving from casual to serious yoga leisure, aspiring to succeed on the professional level, becoming an occupational devotee and finally a possible return to the serious-leisure state. A grounded theoretic model emerges explaining the blurred relationships between leisure and work, and the intertwined, dynamic and interactive nature serving as both the antecedent to and consequence of each other. This study theoretically contributes to deepening serious leisure career, the leisure-work relationships and the Serious Leisure Perspective. Meanwhile, it has practical implications for understanding and policy making for other emerging, leisure-oriented kinds of work in the new era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Veal's concerns about lifestyle (p. 9), as served up in the I Synthesis i , are considered to some extent in Stebbins ([9]), a book devoted exclusively to leisure lifestyles. The richest discussion of casual leisure as well as its relationship to common sense is available in Stebbins ([6]), another important book that Veal ignored. Turning next to the short section on classification (pp. 2-3), Veal's concern here about the CL-SL continuum is tackled in all its complexity in Stebbins ([5]), which unfortunately, is not in Veal's reference list. Keywords: Serious leisure; casual leisure; social world; macro-level analysis EN Serious leisure casual leisure social world macro-level analysis 590 593 4 07/27/21 20210801 NES 210801 Veal ([11]) has just published a critique of the serious leisure perspective (SLP), and this article is a rejoinder to his observations. [Extracted from the article]

In common sense much of leisure is seen in simple terms: it is fun. Such an image even prevails in research specialties and teaching programmes in colleges and universities operating outside the units of these institutions that are devoted to the study of leisure. This indictment includes the health sciences and their instructional programmes. The serious leisure perspective is used to identify six salubrious effects and the activities that produce them. The effects are well-being, physical conditioning, cognitive development, repose from stress, sociality, and self-fulfilment and optimism. There are also precautions that accompany these effects, which are discussed under the headings of well-being, repose, and leisure abandonment. Together these three weaken the effects just described, showing various conditions where the latter fail to operate optimally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a plethora of distinct terms with a range of theoretical assumptions describing these practices, among them 'adventure sports', 'outdoor recreation', 'high-risk sport', 'extreme sport', and 'lifestyle sport'. Some scholars have tried to clarify this terminological and conceptual problem, but no consensus has been reached. The present article unpacks these terms. Then it proposes the concept of nature challenge as a valid conceptualization that identifies the essence of nature sport as conceived of in this special issue and in the wider field of such activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Leisure/Loisir: Journal of the Canadian Association for Leisure Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study investigated the choice and pursuit of adolescents' most important and interesting leisure activity. It is underpinned by the concept of serious leisure, recent perceptions of seriousness as a continuum and calls for incorporating contextual elements of serious activity pursuit. A questionnaire survey was administered to 832 students from 10 secondary schools in Hong Kong. Students were asked to nominate leisure activity that they regarded as most important and interesting as well as to complete an adapted version of the Serious Leisure Inventory and Measure (SLIM). Results showed the popularity of sports and performance and graphic arts activities and of psychological reasons for activity choice. There were variations in activity choice between boys and girls and across schools as well as across levels of seriousness in activity pursuit. The study adds to the scant knowledge of adolescents' serious leisure and enhances understanding of motives for and meanings of serious engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Leisure's Legacy Stebbins [2017. Leisure’s legacy: Challenging the common sense view of free time. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.] explored the nature of the common-sense definition, comparing it with what leisure studies has learned since its inception around 1970. A different tack is taken in the present article, doing so by looking into how common sense has affected thought and research in the social sciences as well as that in professional, administrative and governmental work. The common-sense or popular definition of leisure is “leisure as not work, leisure as fun.” Attention in this article will be limited to the ways that leisure is defined in philosophy and those social sciences that have a theoretic interest in free time. The latter set includes economics, political science, psychology, sociology, geography, and history. A section follows in which the consequences of the leisure-as-not-work image are examined in contemporary higher education, leisure provision, and governmental policy. In conclusion, leisure studies scholars must become proactive and insist wherever called for on correcting the commons-sense view of leisure. The hint that such action is needed should be evident when the conversation or the text leans heaviest on work, with leisure seen as residual and unspecified, as not work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Positive psychology and the study of leisure of leisure have more in common than meets the eye. Their shared ground is especially evident in the concept of leisure activity: a type of pursuit, wherein participants in it mentally or physically (often both) think or do something, motivated by the hope of achieving a desired end. Leisure activities are positive activities, identified psychologically by particular sets of behaviors and sociologically by their place in a leisure social world and often in a social institution (e.g. sport, art, entertainment). Leisure is defined and the concept of leisure experience examined. Next, the serious leisure perspective is introduced. The main part of the article explores the emotions of leisure experience in interpersonal relationships, contemplation/spirituality, volunteering, quality of life/well-being, happiness, and play and creativity. The serious pursuits offer the richest range of positive psychological states, but casual and project-based leisure are not to be ignored. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Society & Leisure / Loisir & Société is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Activities such as gardening are fast becoming acknowledged as a much desired health management strategy in later life. However, few studies have examined gardening as aseriousleisure pursuit. The aim of this study was to apply the concept of serious leisure to the context of leisure gardening by older adults in Australia. Casual, participant and devotee gardeners were compared with respect to the relative importance of the characteristics of serious leisure, using self-administered questionnaires (n = 514). Findings indicated that characteristics of serious leisure varied significantly across the three groups. The most powerful discriminating characteristics were Identity, Unique Ethos and Significant Effort; with Identity particularly important for devotee gardeners. The deeper the level of engagement, the more gardening was perceived as contributing to overall life satisfaction. Findings indicated that gardening could be a serious leisure pursuit that assists in the development of a positive leisure identity and contributes to a more mobile and active life for older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The world’s population is ageing. Engagement in physical activities that assist people to age in good health while enjoying quality of life are critical considerations for practitioners and policy-makers. In 1913, the sport of Rugby Union was introduced to Taiwan. As a form of recreational activity, the game became popular among- Taiwanese males. In recent years, older players have sought to facilitate their continued involvement in an activity that is normally played as a full-contact sport. Why these individuals continue to play, how they perceive their experience and how the sport has evolved to maintain their interest and active involvement are especially interesting to explore. Study participants were specifically chosen from an established Taiwanese rugby union club. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted in 2013 with 15 amateur rugby players aged from 54 to 83 years. Results indicated that the main motivations for participants to continue playing was that it gave them ‘a sense of nostalgia and pride’, ‘lifelong friendship and belonging’, ‘pure joy and passion’, with considerations of being ‘mentally and physically active’, keeping up an involvement in ‘a real man’s sport’ and maintaining a sense of one’s ‘self-identity’ with ‘responsibility and commitment’ towards this chosen sport. Findings suggest that leisure providers need to be aware of the opportunities for reducing constraints and providing adaptations that allow older adults to immerse themselves in physically active pursuits integral to enjoying a fruitful ageing journey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Joffre Dumazedier's work has, since the mid-1970s, captured the attention of many of Brazil's students and researchers. His work is examined with reference to the scope of the serious leisure perspective (SLP). Thus, after considering Dumazedier's ideas as they bear on the SLP, the Perspective itself is first presented and then examined for its usefulness in understanding Brazilian leisure. The methodological bases of the two approaches are contrasted. Dumazedier underscored the importance of the leisure activity and its central role in generating satisfaction or fulfilment. A review of the SLP-related Brazilian literature follows. Dumazedier failed to build a research programme on the activity-satisfaction link. By contrast, the SLP given its definition of leisure and its basic conceptual structure of the leisure activity and its accompanying leisure experience (found in the core activity), has been expanded at the very base line of leisure: what people actually do in their free time. The principal advantage of the SLP over other theoretic stances taken over the years towards leisure is its unique status as an “internal” theory. No other general theory of leisure has emerged inductively from purely leisure research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concerted singing is a common amateur activity in many parts of the world. Such singing is at minimum two-part vocal harmony with or without accompaniment, which may, however, be carried out in groups of 150 voices or larger. It ranges from informal gatherings of 2 to 4 people (male, female and both) who come together to sing their favourite songs or hymns with or without accompaniment to large community formations such as the barbershop and symphony choruses. Despite the widespread popular interest in this kind of activity, research on it as leisure outside that on barbershop singing is nonexistent. The concept of institutional chorus is developed and set in the serious leisure perspective. Interview data from a qualitative study of a Chinese university faculty chorus are then analysed and presented according to six concepts: career, social world, constraints and facilitators, costs, benefits, and rewards. Concerted singing in an institutional chorus, this exploratory study suggests, meets the six qualities of a serious pursuit. This kind of singing was found to be a deeply rewarding activity for its participants. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The definition of volunteering as unpaid work has been around far longer than that of volunteering as leisure. The former, which is the more widely used of the two, seems at first blush to be incompatible on several accounts with the latter. And in fact there are some incompatibilities, which however, can be reconciled in an overarching definition incorporating both. This article shows that, among its other defining features, volunteering is both unpaid work and attractive leisure. No attempt is made to provide a full definition of volunteering, an impossibility given the present incomplete state of research on this question. Rather the aim is more modest: to show how work and leisure, seen as falling along a single complex axis, can be combined to form part of a full definition thereby giving us a deeper understanding of their relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper centres on leisure education. It looks at the way leisure education has been defined, advocated, and implemented. While examining the "What", "Why" and "How" questions of leisure education that have been mostly raised in the West. it brings to light additional perspectives from Asia. The paper points to the possible fluidity of the term "leisure education", the sometimes all-encompassing nature of its definition, and the gap between its advocacy and implementation. It further draws attention to recent trends in Asia that could potentially facilitate a successful adoption of leisure education. Calls are made for further investigation of perceptions of leisure education and its practices internationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the challenges in leisure studies. Some challenges mentioned by the author include decrease in funding for leisure studies programmes, limited funding for leisure research and lack of financial support for public leisure services which are caused by failure among scholars to publicly share information about leisure. Strategies to overcome these problems such as expansion into other disciplines and practices, and exploitation of current social concerns are suggested.

There are times when researchers want to examine sizeable set of leisure activities, often those pursued by a particular demographic category or those grouped according a particular theoretic classification. Yet, conventional qualitative methods are poorly suited to gathering the broad range of data they require for this purpose. These methods are too labour-intensive, while quantitative surveys, if they are to be effective, are limited to known populations which can be properly sampled. But the need to gather data on sets of leisure activities persists; for considering all the leisure activities pursued in the world today, we have some, not even full, ethnographic knowledge of only a very small proportion. One way to solve this problem is through exploratory Internet data collection (EIDC): searching the Internet for exploratory qualitative data on large sets of leisure activities. The nature of the data found on the Internet and the sources there in which these data may be found are discussed. The Internet can be a rich source of descriptive, ethnographic, data. The advantages and disadvantages of EIDC are considered. Nine types of Internet data are set out. The issues of ethics and author copyright are also addressed. Most of the information gathered through EIDC is unavailable elsewhere, or available only in very limited fashion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New leisure is any activity of recent invention undertaken in free time, in the sense that a number of people in a region, nation, or larger sociocultural unit have only lately taken it up as a pastime. The goal here is to examine the nature and import of new leisure activities. It is evident that they are a diverse lot found in serious, casual, and project-based forms. New leisure is symptomatic of social change as well as a vehicle for human inventiveness. It may also challenge established lei- sure. Furthermore new leisure activities appear to be created at a much greater rate today than earlier, in significant part because of conditions and processes leading to globalization. Much, possibly all, of new leisure may be seen as a product of what Godbey calls "leisure customization," a process he says is a contemporary trend where leisure is shaped to the taste of particular categories of participants. The commercial side of new leisure is considered, as is its utility for leisure education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mentor is one who, with regard to a particular area of life, is trusted and respected by a protégé based on a significant level of experience and knowledge that the latter believes the former to have. The terms "mentor" and "mentoring" are vaguely defined, even though there has been, over the years, a fair amount of scholarly thought and research reported on both the role and the process. The present article aims to clarify the meanings of these two ideas and to explore the relationship of both to leisure. Mentors are seen as serious leisure volunteers, albeit ones whose altruism is expressed on a small scale. That is they usually target only one person -- a protégé -- to benefit from their advice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Leisure/Loisir: Journal of the Canadian Association for Leisure Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Leisure/Loisir: Journal of the Canadian Association for Leisure Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Project-based leisure is a short-term, moderately complicated, one-shot 1 or occasional though infrequent, creative undertaking carried out in free time. It requires considerable planning, effort and sometimes skill or knowledge, but is for all that neither serious leisure nor intended to develop into such. Nothing has been written about project-based leisure per se, even though it appears to be widely pursued wherever people have sufficient free time and resources for it. The object here is to present a conceptual framework detailed enough to focus inquiry, but at the same time open-ended enough to permit and encourage effective and extensive exploration of this (theoretically) new form. Among those likely to engage in project-based leisure are people with heavy workloads; homemakers, mothers and fathers with extensive domestic responsibilities; and unemployed individuals who, though looking for work, still have time at the moment for (mostly one-shot) projects. In the Conclusion, project-based leisure is discussed as a form of leisure experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking a serious leisure approach, a sample of volunteer administrators in community sport organizations were surveyed about their level of organizational commitment and their reasons for initially volunteering and continuing to volunteer. The aim was to explore the dynamics of changing levels of commitment in relation to initially volunteering and continuing to volunteer. Based on their reasons for volunteering, the respondents were categorized as either marginal or career volunteers on two separate occasions. For many respondents, their reasons for volunteering changed from when they initially volunteered to the reasons they had for continuing. Levels of organizational commitment also changed over time and declined for both marginal and career volunteers, but the results suggested that career volunteers are more highly committed than their marginal counterparts. It was concluded that, from time to time, volunteers may re‐evaluate their reasons for volunteering and that as their reasons for volunteering change, so does their level of organizational commitment. Though less committed than career volunteers, marginal volunteers who continued to volunteer held a positive attitude toward their community sport organization. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Focuses on the cost and benefits of hedonism. Consequences of taking casual leisure; Definition of casual leisure; Types of casual leisure.

Since 1982, the year the serious leisure perspective was first set out, the concept of casual leisure has served mostly as a foil for sharpening understanding of that framework. Yet casual leisure is a distinctive activity in itself and an important part of the contemporary leisure scene, suggesting that it, too, should be conceptually elaborated just as serious leisure was earlier. Thus the principal goal of this article is to present a theoretical statement defining casual leisure as a separate field demarcated by its own special properties. To this end, a definition of casual leisure is presented after which its six types are described. This is followed by a section on hedonism and other rewards and one on deviant leisure, both casual and serious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to explore the relationships between certain antecedent musical identities and the development of the avocational side of the amateur's social network. Specifically, concentration is on how these identities are related to the morphological and interactional characteristics of that side of his network. The data upon which this paper is based come from over two-hundred biographic and autobiographic accounts, chiefly of or by North American amateur classical or serious musicians. Participant observation by the author is another soure of data. Definitions of ≪ amateur ≫ in general and ≪ amateur musician ≫ in particular are set out. Six types of musical identities are also identified and described. Turning to the morphological characteristics of amateurs' social networks, it was observed that, conceivably, anchorage can vary with every type of musical identity. Extensive reachability in networks, however, is characteristic only of those in orchestral, administrative, and organizer identities. These same identities also have the greatest network density and range, although the performance identity is also an antecedent where density is the focus. Like the morphological characteristic of anchorage, the interactional characteristic of content varies with every musical identity. This is true of symmetric directedness as well. Asymmetric directedness, however, is limited to musicians in the expert, administrative, and orchestral identities. Variation in the durability of amateurs networks is explained proximally by type of performance identity and distally by the presence of a powerful yearning to play chamber music. Network intensity, though it characterizes all links irrespective of class of identity, is especially marked among those in the orchestral, administrative and organizer identities. Dans l'intention de promouvoir la réflexion et un débat sur une collocation plus rationnelle des travaux qui vont sous l'étiquette de ≪ sociologic de l'art ≫ l'A, expose une classification des produits intellectuels qui va de Ia représentation spontanée de la réalité, aux communications ifinalisées, jusqu'aux élaborations rationnelles de toutes connaissances. Il englobe dans la classe des représentations spontanées les produits artistiques, mais il considère indéfinissable ce sous-ensemble, qui suit les modèles, les doutes et les erreurs des jugements esthétiques et il lui semble que la préférence accordée jusqu'ici à une sélection de ce sous-ensemble vient du fait que nombreux travaux de critique ont pris l'étiquette de ≪ sociologie ≫, tout en restant des travaux de critique. A ce propos l'A. a précisé l'objet et le but des sociologies spéciales et en particulier d'une ≪ sociologie de l'art ≫ qu'iI propose d'appeler plus correctement ≪ sociologic des formes d'expression ≫. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the ubiquitous trends in social behavior is the formation of comprehensive systems of interaction known as communities. Everywhere in the world and throughout man's existence on earth, the formation of communities has been evident, from the primitive tribe to the contemporary nation-state. Among the exciting developments within the more complex communities of mankind, such as cities and nations, is the emergence of subcommunity forms which both complement and contest the arrangements of the larger society. Status communities and ethnic communities of many sorts belong among the contemporary sub-communities. It is instructive to apply this concept of sub-community formation to areas of behavior such as the worlds of art and jazz, when that behavior can be shown to approach closure and completeness with respect to a distinctive way of life. This paper deals with two major tasks: (1) the development of a special theory of the jazz community as an unique form of status community, and (2) a judgment as to the validity of referring to the social world of the jazz musician as a community. It should be mentioned that while this formulation is conceived in terms of the jazz subculture, it also has widespread application elsewhere in the area of social deviance. Since the concept of status group has its roots in the general theory of community, we shall briefly outline that concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study centered around the following two research interests: (1) What is the position of the jazz musician in the larger society? (2) To what extent do jazz musicians tend to form into communities of their own? After having developed a theory of the jazz community, six hypotheses were derived and tested by means of an ex-post-facto study design. It was predicted that jazz musicians would rank lower than commercial musicians on the major social dimensions of class, status, and power in the wider community and higher than commercial musicians on these same dimensions within the jazz community. In general, this study confirmed these hypotheses on a single population of jazz and commercial musicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information on the Volunteerism Commission. Founded in 1998, the commission aims at organizing and encouraging research on all aspects of volunteering related to leisure. The organization encourages researchers to use any theoretical or methodological approach to volunteering. Its activities include congresses and workshops in the field. A website has also been established by the commission.

The article introduces the articles in this issue of "Leisure/Loisir." The editors discuss research into the sociology of deviant leisure, which the majority of the articles in this issue address. Among the topics discussed in this issue are: juvenile vehicle theft; strip clubs; binge drinking; gambling among college students; and sadomasochism.