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Black‐and‐white snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) rely on behavioral and dietary flexibility to survive in temperate latitudes at high‐elevation habitats characterized by climate and resource seasonality. However, little is known about how elevation influences their behavioral and dietary flexibility at monthly or seasonal scales. We studied an isolated R. bieti population at Mt. Lasha in the Yunling Provincial Nature Reserve, Yunnan, China, between May 2008 and August 2016 to assess the impacts of elevation on feeding behavior and diet. Across our sample, R. bieti occupied elevations between 3031 and 3637 m above mean sea level (amsl), with a 315.1 m amsl range across months and a 247.3 m amsl range across seasons. Contrary to expectations, individuals spent less time feeding when ranging across higher elevations. Lichen consumption correlated with elevation use across months and seasons, with individuals spending more time feeding on this important resource at higher elevations. Leaf consumption only correlated with elevation use during the spring. Our results suggest that R. bieti do not maximize their food intake at higher elevations and that monthly and seasonal changes in lichen and leaf consumption largely explain variation in elevation use. These findings shed light on the responses of R. bieti to environmental change and offer insight into strategies for conserving their habitats in the face of anthropogenic disturbance. Research Highlights: Black‐and‐white snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) spend less time feeding in months and seasons when occupying higher‐elevation habitats.Leaves only comprise a higher percentage of the R. bieti diet when occupying higher‐elevation habitats in the spring.Lichen comprise a higher percentage of the R. bieti diet in months and seasons when occupying higher‐elevation habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endometriosis is defined as an oestrogen‐dependent and inflammatory gynaecological disease of which the pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the cellular heterogeneity and reveal the effect of CD8+ T cells on the progress of endometriosis. Three ovarian endometriosis patients were collected, and single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) progressed and delineated the cellular landscape of endometriosis containing five cell clusters. The endometrial cells (EMCs) were the major component, of which the mesenchymal cells were preponderant and characterized with increased inflammation and oestrogen synthesis in endometriosis. The proportion of T cells, mainly CD8+ T cells rather than CD4+, was reduced in endometriotic lesions, and the cytokines and cytotoxicity of ectopic T cells were depressed. CD8+ T cells depressed the proliferation of ESCs through inhibiting CDK1/CCNB1 pathway to arrest the cell cycle and triggered inflammation through activating STAT1 pathway. Correspondingly, the coculture with ESCs resulted in the dysfunction of CD8+ T cells through upregulating STAT1/PDCD1 pathway and glycolysis‐promoted metabolism reprogramming. The endometriotic lesions were larger in nude mouse models with T‐cell deficiency than the normal mouse models. The inhibition of T cells via CD90.2 or CD8A antibody increased the endometriotic lesions in mouse models, and the supplement of T cells to nude mouse models diminished the lesion sizes. In conclusion, this study revealed the global cellular variation of endometriosis among which the cellular count and physiology of EMCs and T cells were significantly changed. The depressed cytotoxicity and aberrant metabolism of CD8+ T cells were induced by ESCs with the activation of STAT1/PDCD1 pathway resulting in immune survival to promote endometriosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The selective removal and immobilization of uranyl ions from aqueous solutions is essential for the sustainable development of nuclear energy. Herein, a robust lanthanide‐organic framework material (IHEP‐24) is developed for simultaneous fluorescence sensing, selective adsorption, and photocatalytic reduction of uranium, integrating three different functions in one material. The confined space formed by the coordination assembly of viologen derivative ligands and metal‐oxygen clusters can act as precise recognition sites for uranyl, allowing IHEP‐24 to efficiently detect and capture uranyl ions. In addition, the presence of a viologen‐based radical ligand enables IHEP‐24 to a further photocatalytic reduction of the adsorbed uranyl to amorphous UO2. The mechanisms of adsorption and photocatalysis are revealed by batch experiments, photoelectrochemical characterizations, and theoretical calculations. This study provides a reference for the construction of robust multi‐functional MOF materials and also provides support for the deep removal and immobilization of radionuclides from aqueous solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tight junction (TJ) proteins establish a physical barrier between epithelial cells, playing a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis by safeguarding host tissues against pathogens, allergens, antigens, irritants, etc. Recently, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that abnormal expression of TJs plays an essential role in the development and progression of inflammatory airway diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with or without nasal polyps. Among them, CRS with nasal polyps is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease that affects the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, leading to a poor prognosis and significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Its pathogenesis primarily involves dysfunction of the nasal epithelial barrier, impaired mucociliary clearance, disordered immune response, and excessive tissue remodeling. Numerous studies have elucidated the pivotal role of TJs in both the pathogenesis and response to traditional therapies in CRS. We therefore to review and discuss potential factors contributing to impair and repair of TJs in the nasal epithelium based on their structure, function, and formation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To investigate the correlation between the fibrinogen combined with neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (F‐NLR) and the clinicopathologic features of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who underwent radical resection. Methods: This study reviewed the medical records of 289 patients with NSCLC who underwent radical resection. The patients were stratified into three groups based on F‐NLR as follows: patients with low NLR and fibrinogen were group A, patients with high NLR or fibrinogen were group B, and patients with high NLR and fibrinogen were group C. Receiver operating characteristic curve and Youden index were used to determine the cutoff value of the NLR and fibrinogen. Survival curves were described by Kaplan–Meier method and compared by log‐rank test. The univariate and multivariate analyses were performed with the Cox proportional hazard model to identify the prognostic factors. Results: A value of 3.19 was taken as the optimal cutoff value of NLR in this study. A value of 309 was used as the optimal cutoff value of fibrinogen. Cox multivariate analysis showed that tumor, nodes, metastasis (TNM) stage and F‐NLR were independent prognostic factors affecting the survival rate of patients. The first‐, third‐, and fifth‐year survival rates in group A were 99.2%, 96.6%, and 95.0%, respectively. The first‐, third‐, and fifth‐year survival rates in group B were 98.4%, 76.6%, and 63.2%, respectively. The first‐, third‐, and fifth‐year survival rates in group C were 91.3%, 41.1%, and 22.8%, respectively. F‐NLR was significantly correlated with overall survival in patients with NSCLC (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The F‐NLR level is markedly related to the prognosis of patients with NSCLC undergoing radical surgery. Therefore, closer attention should be given to patients with NSCLC with a high F‐NLR before surgery to provide postoperative adjuvant therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible, progressive brain disorder that impairs memory, thinking, language, and, eventually, the ability to carry out the simplest of tasks. Tau protein, the major component of neurofibrillary tangles, is considered a key mediator of AD pathogenesis. The association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and circulating tau remains unclear. The aim of the present meta‐analysis was to evaluate the relationship between OSA and circulating tau via quantitative analysis. Methods: A systematic search of Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science were performed. The mean values of circulating total tau (T‐tau) and phosphorylated tau (P‐tau) in OSA and control groups were extracted. Standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated by using a random‐effect model or fixed‐effect model. Results: A total of seven studies comprising 233 controls and 306 OSA patients were included in this study. The meta‐analysis showed that the circulating T‐tau level was significantly higher in OSA patients than those in the control group (SMD = 1.319, 95% CI = 0.594 to 2.044, z = 3.56, p <.001). OSA patients also had significantly higher circulating P‐tau level than control group (SMD = 0.343, 95% CI = 0.122 to 0.564, z = 3.04, p =.002). Conclusions: The present meta‐analysis demonstrated that both circulating T‐tau and P‐tau levels were significantly increased in OSA subjects when compared with non‐OSA subjects. Larger sample‐size studies on the association between OSA and circulating tau are still required to further validate our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promoting light absorption range of photocatalysts is of great significance to improve solar light‐driven photocatalytic CO2 reduction efficiency. Herein, a new viologen‐based multicomponent heterotrimetallic metal–organic framework (MOF) [Cu3Th6(µ3‐O)4(µ3‐OH)4(cpb)12][FeIII(CN)6]6 (IHEP‐14) with an unprecedented (6, 18)‐connected she‐d topology is presented. Upon UV irradiation, this MOF undergoes ligand and iron photoreduction, and a single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal transformation to generate persistent radical‐containing MOF [Cu3Th6(µ3‐O)4(µ3‐OH)4(cpb•)12][FeII(CN)6]6 (IHEP‐15). This radical‐containing MOF shows excellent stability without fading after at least 2 months in air. Besides extending the photoabsorption to a wider wavelength range covering from 200 to 2,500 nm, the generation of persistent radical in IHEP‐15 also largely enhances its CO2 adsorption capacity by a factor of three due to the strong affinity between π orbital of the radical and the π system of CO2. These attributes endow IHEP‐15 with excellent visible/NIR light‐driven CO2 photoreduction activity, with CO production rates under visible and NIR irradiation of 570.3 and 209.3 µmol h−1 g−1, respectively. Notably, the latter is a record high for NIR‐induced CO production among all MOFs reported so far. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Endometriosis is a benign gynecological disease with the feature of estrogen dependence and inflammation. The function of autophagy and the correlation with inflammation were not yet revealed. Methods: Autophagosomes were detected by transmission electron microscopy. Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was referred to analyze the expression of autophagy‐related genes. Quantification of mRNA and protein expression was examined by qRT‐PCR and Western Blot. Immunohistochemistry was performed to explore the expression of proteins in tissues. The mouse model of endometriosis was performed to analyze the autophagic activity and effect of LXA4. Results: The expression of autophagy‐related genes in endometriotic lesions were unusually changed. The number of autophagosomes and LC3B‐II expression was diminished, and p62 was increased in ectopic lesions from both patients and mice. Interleukin 1β (IL1β) attenuated the expression of LC3B and promoted the level p62. The autophagy activator MG‐132 upregulated the expression of LC3B and reduced IL1β, IL6, and p62. LXA4 reversed the inhibitory effect of IL1β on the expression of LC3B and p62, and blocking the receptor of LXA4 AhR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor) resulted in the incapacitation of LXA4 to influence the effect of IL1β. LXA4 depressed the phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR to against IL1β, and blocking AhR negatively regulated the effect of LXA4 on AKT/mTOR pathway. LXA4 reduced the ectopic lesions and the expression of IL1β and p62, but enhanced LC3B‐II in endometriotic mouse models. Conclusion: In endometriosis, increased inflammation of ectopic lesions prominently depresses autophagy. LXA4 could regulate autophagy by suppressing inflammatory response through AhR/AKT/mTOR pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the relationship between emotional working memory (WM) and depressive symptoms has been well established in clinical samples, research in the subclinical population has produced mixed results. The present study tested the effect of WM load on control of interference from emotional (positive, negative, neutral) distractors in dysphoria. Dysphoric (n = 32) and non‐dysphoric (n = 35) university students were administered the emotional 2‐back (lower WM load) and 3‐back (higher WM load) tasks. Results showed that resisting negative distractors was more difficult for the dysphoric group than the non‐dysphoric group, but only in the 3‐back task. The results demonstrate that dysphoria is associated with greater interference from negative distractors under high WM load. We conclude that both WM load and emotional valence have an effect on WM performance in dysphoria, and the poor ability to resist interference from negative distractors in WM might be a key cognitive vulnerability factor for depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypoxia regulates tumor angiogenesis, metabolism, and therapeutic response in malignant cancers including glioblastoma, the most lethal primary brain tumor. The regulation of HIF transcriptional factors by the ubiquitin–proteasome system is critical in the hypoxia response, but hypoxia‐inducible deubiquitinases that counteract the ubiquitination remain poorly defined. While the activation of ERK1/2 also plays an important role in hypoxia response, the relationship between ERK1/2 activation and HIF regulation remains elusive. Here, we identified USP33 as essential deubiquitinase that stabilizes HIF‐2alpha protein in an ERK1/2‐dependent manner to promote hypoxia response in cancer cells. USP33 is preferentially induced in glioma stem cells by hypoxia and interacts with HIF‐2alpha, leading to its stabilization through deubiquitination. The activation of ERK1/2 upon hypoxia promoted HIF‐2alpha phosphorylation, enhancing its interaction with USP33. Silencing of USP33 disrupted glioma stem cells maintenance, reduced tumor vascularization, and inhibited glioblastoma growth. Our findings highlight USP33 as an essential regulator of hypoxia response in cancer stem cells, indicating a novel potential therapeutic target for brain tumor treatment. Synopsis: While hypoxia induced by tumor growth is recognized as a key selective pressure in solid cancers, the molecular mechanisms underlying control of HIF signaling remain unclear. This work identifies deubiquitinating enzyme USP33 as regulator of HIF‐2alpha in glioma, shedding new light on the complexities of brain tumor growth. Hypoxia induces deubiquitinase USP33 expression in glioma stem cells (GSCs).USP33 deubiquitinates and stabilizes HIF‐2alpha in GSCs in response to hypoxia.ERK1/2‐mediated phosphorylation of S484 HIF‐2alpha enhances binding to USP33.Depletion of USP33 impairs GSC maintenance and tumor sphere formation in vitro as well as glioblastoma growth in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although studies on JAK inhibitors are increasing, only a few cases of sarcoidosis treatment have been reported, and larger studies are needed to further evaluate this treatment approach. In conclusion, although research on the pathogenesis and treatment of sarcoidosis has progressed in recent years, the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis has not been elucidated, and its treatment is also ineffective. This study suggests that tofacitinib treatment alleviates sarcoidosis symptoms and works mainly by inhibiting the interferon (IFN)- activation pathway of CD4+ T cells, a type 1 immune response. Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous syndrome with a wide range of clinical manifestations,1 with pulmonary involvement being the most common.2 Sarcoidosis is characterized by the accumulation of lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes that induce the formation of non-caseating epithelioid granulomas with secondary derangement of normal tissue or organ anatomy and function.3 The disease occurs worldwide, with an incidence between 1.4 and 64 per 100 000, and peaks at 30-60 years of age.3,4 Studies have shown that genetic, host immune, and environmental factors interact to cause sarcoidosis, but the etiological determinants of the disease remain uncertain.5 Thus far, apart from the tuberculin known to trigger the formation of the sarcoid granuloma, many have been the candidate antigens associated with the onset and the progression of the disease. [Extracted from the article]

Summary: Previous evidence suggests that cicadas lacking Hodgkinia may harbour the yeast‐like fungal symbionts (YLS). Here, we reinforce an earlier conclusion that the pathogenic ancestor of YLS independently infected different cicada lineages instead of the common ancestor of Cicadidae. Five independent replacement events in the loss of Hodgkinia/acquisition of YLS and seven other replacement events of YLS (from an Ophiocordyceps fungus to another Ophiocordyceps fungus) are hypothesised to have occurred within the sampled cicada taxa. The divergence time of YLS lineages was later than that of corresponding cicada lineages. The rapid shift of diversification rates of YLS and related cicada‐parasitizing Ophiocordyceps began at approximately 32.94 Ma, and the diversification rate reached the highest value at approximately 24.82 Ma, which corresponds to the cooling climate changes at the Eocene–Oligocene boundary and the Oligocene–Miocene transition respectively. Combined with related acquisition/replacement events of YLS occurred during the cooling‐climate periods, we hypothesise that the cooling‐climate changes impacted the interactions between cicadas and related Ophiocordyceps, which coupled with the unusual life cycle and the differentiation of cicadas may finally led to the diversification of YLS in Cicadidae. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the evolutionary transition of YLS from entomopathogenic fungi in insects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Many insects depend on symbiont(s) for survival. This is particularly the case for sap‐feeding hemipteran insects. In this study, we revealed that symbionts harboured in cicadas are diverse and complex, and the yeast‐like fungal symbionts (YLS) are present in most cicada species, but Hodgkinia is absent. During vertical transmission, Sulcia became swollen with the outer membrane drastically changed, while Hodgkinia became shrunken and changed from irregular to roughly spherical. Sulcia and/or Hodgkinia were exocytosed from the bacteriocytes to the intercellular space of bacteriomes, where they gathered together and were extruded to haemolymph. YLS and associated facultative symbiont(s) in the fat bodies were released to the haemolymph based on bacteriocyte disintegration. The obligate symbiont(s) were endocytosed and exocytosed successively by the epithelial plug cells of the terminal oocyte, while associated facultative symbiont(s), and possibly also YLS, may take a 'free ride' on the transmission of obligate symbiont(s) to gain entry into the oocyte. Then, the intermixed symbionts formed a characteristic 'symbiont ball' in the oocyte. Our results suggest that YLS in cicadas represent a new example of a relatively early stage of symbiogenesis in insects and contribute to a better understanding of the diversity and transmission mechanisms of symbionts in insects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Application of silicon‐based anodes is significantly challenged by low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and poor cyclability. Traditional pre‐lithiation reagents often pose safety concerns due to their unstable chemical nature. Achieving a balance between water‐stability and high ICE in prelithiated silicon is a critical issue. Here, we present a lithium‐enriched silicon/graphite material with an ultra‐high ICE of ≥110 % through a high‐stable lithium pre‐storage methodology. Lithium pre‐storage prepared a nano‐drilled graphite material with surficial lithium functional groups, which can form chemical bonds with adjacent silicon during high‐temperature sintering. This results in an unexpected O−Li−Si interaction, leading to in situ pre‐lithiation of silicon nanoparticles and providing high stability in air and water. Additionally, the lithium‐enriched silicon/graphite materials impart a combination of high ICE, high specific capacity (620 mAh g−1), and long cycling stability (>400 cycles). This study opens up a promising avenue for highly air‐ and water‐stable silicon anode prelithiation methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Application of silicon‐based anodes is significantly challenged by low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and poor cyclability. Traditional pre‐lithiation reagents often pose safety concerns due to their unstable chemical nature. Achieving a balance between water‐stability and high ICE in prelithiated silicon is a critical issue. Here, we present a lithium‐enriched silicon/graphite material with an ultra‐high ICE of ≥110 % through a high‐stable lithium pre‐storage methodology. Lithium pre‐storage prepared a nano‐drilled graphite material with surficial lithium functional groups, which can form chemical bonds with adjacent silicon during high‐temperature sintering. This results in an unexpected O−Li−Si interaction, leading to in situ pre‐lithiation of silicon nanoparticles and providing high stability in air and water. Additionally, the lithium‐enriched silicon/graphite materials impart a combination of high ICE, high specific capacity (620 mAh g−1), and long cycling stability (>400 cycles). This study opens up a promising avenue for highly air‐ and water‐stable silicon anode prelithiation methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vanadium doped La9.33Si6−xVxO26+0.5x (x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5) (LSVO) electrolyte powder was prepared by combustion method at 600°C for 5‐7 min. The powder was sintered at 1500°C for 3 hours to prepare LSVO ceramics. XPS, IR, XRD, and EIS analysis show that V5+ doping replaces Si4+ in [SiO4] to form [Si(V)O4] tetrahedron. With the increase in x, the lattice volume increase. When x = 2.0, the LaVO4 phase was formed, indicating that the limit doping amount of V5+ replacing Si4+ is x ≤ 1.5. The conductivity of LSVO increases significantly with the increase in x (x ≤ 1.0), which attributed to the xV5+⟶xSi4+xVSi∙+1/2xOi∗// defect reaction caused by V5+ doping. The addition of the interstitial oxygen Oi* in 63 channels and the increase of lattice volume leads to increased conductivity. When x = 1.0, the highest conductivity is 1.46 × 10−2 S·cm−1 (800°C). The doping enhancement conductivity mechanism is the Interstitial oxygen defect‐Lattice volume composite enhancement mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The aim of this research was to investigate the alterations in functional brain networks and to assess the relationship between depressive impairment and topological network changes in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with depression (DPD). Methods: Twenty‐two DPD patients, 23 PD patients without depression (NDPD), and 25 matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. All participants were examined by resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. Graph theoretical analysis and network‐based statistic methods were used to analyze brain network topological properties and abnormal subnetworks, respectively. Results: The DPD group showed significantly decreased local efficiency compared with the HC group (P =.008, FDR corrected). In nodal metrics analyses, the degree of the right inferior occipital gyrus (P =.0001, FDR corrected) was positively correlated with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores in the DPD group. Meanwhile, the temporal visual cortex, including the bilateral middle temporal gyri and right inferior temporal gyrus in the HC and NDPD groups and the left posterior cingulate gyrus in the NDPD group, was defined as hub region, but not in the DPD group. Compared with the HC group, the DPD group had extensive weakening of connections between the temporal‐occipital visual cortex and the prefrontal‐limbic network. Conclusions: These results suggest that PD depression is associated with disruptions in the topological organization of functional brain networks, mainly involved the temporal‐occipital visual cortex and the posterior cingulate gyrus and may advance our current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying DPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systematic conservation planning requires spatial information on biodiversity. Such information is often unavailable, forcing spatial planning to rely on assumed relationships between species and environmental features. This problem is particularly acute in large, remote marine protected areas that are proliferating rapidly. Here, we use models to predict whether (a) macrobenthic biodiversity across four taxa (gorgonians, soft corals, hard corals, and sponges) with different life histories are congruent within seascape features through regional space; and (b) models generated in an intensively‐sampled area in one region can predict the occurrence of habitat‐forming macrobenthos in neighboring ones. All four taxa studied showed similar habitat preferences, but high variability in distributions among and within features suggesting factors other than simple geomorphology influence these regional biodiversity patterns. Nonetheless, models derived from one region accurately predicted the presence and absence of the same taxa hundreds of kilometers away. This transferability of models of species occurrences has the potential to deliver improved reserve design in data‐deficient regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metastasis accounts for 90% of cancer death worldwide, and effective therapeutic strategies are lacking. The aim of this work is to identify the key drivers in tumor metastasis and screen therapeutics for treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Gene Ontology analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) gene expression datasets of ESCC patients with or without lympy metastasis identifies that TGFβ2 is highly enriched in the pathways essential for tumor metastasis and upregulates in the metastatic ESCC tumors. High TGFβ2 expression in ESCC correlates with metastasis and patient survival, and functionally contributes to tumor metastasis via activating extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERK) signaling. By screening of a library consisting of 429 bioactive compounds, imperatorin is verified as a novel TGFβ2 inhibitor, with robustly suppressive effect on tumor metastasis in multiple mice models. Mechanistically, direct binding of imperatorin and CREB1 inhibits phosphorylation, nuclear translocation of CREB1, and its interaction with TGFβ2 promoter, represses TGFβ2 expression and fibroblasts‐secreted CCL2, and then inactivates ERK signaling to block cancer invasion and abrogates the paracrine effects of fibroblasts on tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Overall, the findings suggest the use of TGFβ2 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in ESCC, and supports the potential of imperatorin as a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Axonal injury results in long‐term neurological deficits in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) has been reported to activate intracellular adaptor protein Disabled‐1 (Dab1) phosphorylation via its interaction with ApoE receptors. The Dab1 pathway acts as a regulator of axonal outgrowth and growth cone formation in the brain. Aims: We hypothesized that ApoE may alleviate axonal injury and regulate axonal regeneration via the Dab1 pathway after TBI. Results: In this study, we established a model of controlled cortical impact (CCI) to mimic TBI in vivo. Using diffusion tensor imaging to detect white matter integrity, we demonstrated that APOE‐deficient mice exhibited lower fractional anisotropy (FA) values than APOE+/+ mice at 28 days after injury. The expression levels of axonal regeneration and synapse plasticity biomarkers, including growth‐associated protein 43 (GAP43), postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD‐95), and synaptophysin, were also lower in APOE‐deficient mice. In contrast, APOE deficiency exerted no effects on the levels of myelin basic protein (MBP) expression, oligodendrocyte number, or oligodendrocyte precursor cell number. Neurological severity score (NSS) and behavioral measurements in the rotarod, Morris water maze, and Y maze tests revealed that APOE deficiency caused worse neurological deficits in CCI mice. Furthermore, Dab1 activation downregulation by the ApoE receptor inhibitor receptor‐associated protein (RAP) or Dab1 shRNA lentivirus attenuated the beneficial effects of ApoE on FA values, GAP43, PSD‐95, and synaptophysin expression, and neurological function tests. Additionally, the effects of ApoE on axonal regeneration were further validated in vitro. In a mechanical scratch injury model of primary cultured neurons, recombinant ApoE protein treatment enhanced axonal outgrowth and growth cone formation in injured neurons; however, these effects were attenuated by Dab1 shRNA, consistent with the in vivo results. Conclusion: Collectively, these data suggest that ApoE promotes axonal regeneration partially through the Dab1 pathway, thereby contributing to functional recovery following TBI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bronchobiliary fistula is a rare, but life‐threatening complication after ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma. Few cases of bronchobiliary fistula have been reported and the treatment is controversial. Methods: From 2006 to 2019, a total of 11 patients were diagnosed with bronchobiliary fistula after ablation and received nonsurgical treatment. Results: All 11 patients presented with cough and bilioptysis. There were only two patients in which MRI revealed an obvious fistulous tract connecting the pleural effusion and biliary lesions. Pleural effusion, liver abscess and hepatic biloma were found in other patients. Three patients died of uncontrolled bronchobiliary fistula. Conclusions: Bronchobiliary fistula is a rare post‐ablation complication but should be taken into consideration in clinical decisions. Minimally invasive interventional treatment is a relatively effective means of dealing with bronchobiliary fistula, but as for the more severe cases, greater clinical experience is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A palladium‐catalyzed oxidative C–H/C–H cross‐coupling of oxalyl amide‐protected β‐arylethylamines and heteroarenes has been developed. The methodology presented a broad substrate scope, great functional group tolerance, and good to excellent yields for the synthesis of ortho‐thiophenylated β‐arylethylamines. The installed thiophene functional group can promote a second C–H functionalization, such as alkynylation and arylation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Pollen grains can be dispersed singly or variously aggregated in groups. Whether the evolution of pollen aggregation is driven by the pollinator remains unexplored. We hypothesize that an extensive pollen aggregation is favored under a scarcity of pollinators.Variation in pollen aggregation by viscin threads in 13 Rhododendron species was measured as it is related to pollen removal in a visit. Visitation rates of functional pollinator groups that vary in their grooming behavior were investigated in each species. Pollen deposited on stigmas in the field was also sampled.Seven Rhododendron species were infrequently pollinated by low‐intensity grooming animals, including birds, butterflies and moths. The other six species were more frequently pollinated by bees with a high intensity of pollen grooming. Bird‐ and Lepidoptera‐pollinated species produced longer pollen‐connecting threads that connected more pollen grains. Phylogenetically independent contrast analysis of the 13 species showed that pollinator visitation frequency was negatively related to amounts of pollen removal per visit but not to stigmatic pollen loads.The finding of interspecific patterns in pollen removal related to pollinator visitation frequency suggests pollinator‐mediated selection on pollen packaging strategies, supporting the hypothesis of floral evolution via pollen export. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uranyl–organic frameworks (UOFs) have recently been the object of many research endeavors due to the unique coordination mode of uranyl ions and their attractive physicochemical properties. Here, a new (3,4)‐connected UOF (U‐IHEP‐4) assembled from uranyl and porphyrin ligand tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (H4TCPP) is reported, which represents the first case of actinide porphyrinic MOFs. Adsorption experiments in DMF solution demonstrated that U‐IHEP‐4 selectively adsorbs positively charged dyes, which is in line with its negatively charged framework and large pore volume ratio (90 %). Remarkably, U‐IHEP‐4 exhibited high catalytic activity for the dehydrogenation of N‐heterocycles to synthesize the corresponding aromatic heterocycles and it can be used as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst. A new uranyl–organic framework (U‐IHEP‐4) based on porphyrin derivative ligand was synthesized, filling the gap of porphyrinic MOFs in the field of actinide chemistry. The compound U‐IHEP‐4 was demonstrated to be a heterogeneous catalyst for dehydrogenation of N‐heterocycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Loss of local, effective pollinators may potentially limit plant reproductive success but the plant-pollinator interactions could be rescued if the plant does not reject other pollen vectors. Firmiana kwangsiensis H.H. Hsue (Malvaceae) is an endangered tree endemic to limestone areas in South China. Although its preservation status is listed as "critically endangered", its reproductive ecology is little known. We compared floral visitors in three wild populations and one transplanted population. Such a comparison allows us to see whether the pollinator assemblage varies geographically and to examine the plasticity of plant-pollinator interactions, informing sustainable ex situ conservation. Our pollination experiments indicated that fruit/seed set in F. kwangsiensis largely depended on pollinator visits, and was greatly reduced under hand self-pollination or exclusion of bird visits. Floral visitors included sunbirds, butterflies, and bees (honeybee and wasp) but their visitation frequency varied in the four populations. The sunbird Nectarinia jugularis was the major pollinator in the three wild populations, but was replaced by the other sunbird Aethopyga christinae in the ex situ population. This tree is showy, with orange-red flowers blooming before the leaves emerge. The calyx tube accumulates a large volume of dilute nectar (sugar concentration was 9.5%) in the morning, rewarding sunbird pollinators. Our investigations indicated that sunbirds rather than insects served as a functional group of pollinators for this endangered species. Successful ex situ conservation of this type of plant needs to consider the availability of potential pollinators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Ischemic cerebral stroke is a leading cause of death and long‐term disability world‐wide. Neuronal injury following cerebral ischemia initiates a complex series of signaling cascades that lead to neuronal cell death. MicroRNA 29b (miR‐29b) has reported involvement in the pathogenic process of ischemic brain injury. Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is a highly selective α2 adrenergic receptor stimulant that exerts a protective effect on brain tissue. To determine whether Dex might directly influence miR‐29b expression after an ischemic injury, human neuroblastoma SK‐N‐SH cells were subjected to oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD) for the purpose of creating a neuronal injury model that mimics the effects of brain ischemia in vitro. Next, the association of miR‐29b with the protective effect of Dex against ischemic brain injury was studied through the enhancement or inhibition of miR‐29b expression by transfection with an miR‐29b mimic or inhibitor. We demonstrated that Dex treatment could reduce miR‐29b expression, increase cell viability, and inhibit cell apoptosis in the OGD‐induced neuronal injury model in vitro. Furthermore, down‐regulation of miR‐29b expression produced effects on OGD‐induced neuronal injuries that were similar to those produced by Dex treatment. Moreover, up‐regulation of miR‐29b reversed the protective effect of Dex treatment against OGD‐induced neuronal injury. Therefore, down‐regulation of miR‐29b expression might play a role in anti‐apoptotic signaling similar to that played by Dex. Elucidation of the role played by miR‐29b in ischemia, and identification of a definite association between Dex and miR‐29b may lead to the development of new strategies for treating ischemic brain injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moisture harvesters with favourable attributes such as easy synthetic availability and good processability as alternatives for atmospheric moisture harvesting (AWH) are desirable. This study reports a novel nonporous anionic coordination polymer (CP) of uranyl squarate with methyl viologen (MV2+) as charge balancing ions (named U‐Squ‐CP) which displays intriguing sequential water sorption/desorption behavior as the relative humidity (RH) changes gradually. The evaluation of AWH performance of U‐Squ‐CP shows that it can absorb water vapor under air atmosphere at a low RH of 20 % typical of the levels found in most dry regions of the world, and have good cycling durability, thus demonstrating the capability as a potential moisture harvester for AWH. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report on non‐porous organic ligand bridged CP materials for AWH. Moreover, a stepwise water‐filling mechanism for the water sorption/desorption process is deciphered by comprehensive characterizations combining single‐crystal diffraction, which provides a reasonable explanation for the special moisture harvesting behaviour of this non‐porous crystalline material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is a neuropeptide‐enriched brain region that modulates a wide variety of emotional behaviours and states, including stress, anxiety, reward and social interaction. The BNST consists of diverse subregions and neuronal ensembles; however, because of the high molecular heterogeneity within BNST neurons, the mechanisms through which the BNST regulates distinct emotional behaviours remain largely unclear. Prior studies have identified BNST calretinin (CR)‐expressing neurons, which lack neuropeptides. Here, employing virus‐based cell‐type‐specific retrograde and anterograde tracing systems, we mapped the whole‐brain monosynaptic inputs and axonal projections of BNST CR‐expressing neurons in male mice. We found that BNST CR‐expressing neurons received inputs mainly from the amygdalopiriform transition area, central amygdala and hippocampus and moderately from the medial preoptic area, basolateral amygdala, paraventricular thalamus and lateral hypothalamus. Within the BNST, plenty of input neurons were primarily located in the oval and interfascicular subregions. Furthermore, numerous BNST CR‐expressing neuronal boutons were observed within the BNST but not in other brain regions, thus suggesting that these neurons are a type of interneuron. These results will help further elucidate the neuronal circuits underlying the elaborate and distinct functions of the BNST. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:: Properties of floral nectar have been used to predict if a plant species is pollinated by birds. To see whether winter‐flowering plants evolve nectar properties corresponding to bird pollinators, nectar properties of several Camellia species (including the golden‐flowered tea), as well as the role of floral visitors as effective pollinators, were examined. METHODS:: Potential pollinators of Camellia petelotii were identified at different times of day and under various weather conditions. A bird exclusion experiment was used to compare the pollination effectiveness of birds and insects. Nectar sugar components (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) from C. petelotii growing wild and another seven Camellia species and 22 additional cultivars (all in cultivation) were examined by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). KEY RESULTS:: The sunbird Aethopyga siparaja and honeybees were the most frequent floral visitors to C. petelotii. Honeybee visits were significantly reduced in cloudy/rainy weather. The fruit and seed set of flowers with birds excluded were reduced by 64%, indicating that bird pollination is significant. For the wild populations of C. petelotii, a bagged flower could secrete 157 μL nectar; this nectar has a low sugar concentration (19%) and is sucrose‐dominant (87%). The eight Camellia species and 22 cultivars had an average sugar concentration of around 30% and a sucrose concentration of 80%, demonstrating sucrose‐dominant nectar in Camellia species. CONCLUSIONS:: The nectar sugar composition of Camellia species was characterized by sucrose dominance. In addition, the large reduction in seed set when birds are excluded in the golden‐flowered tea also supports the suggestion that these winter‐flowering plants may have evolved with birds as significant pollinators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents case study of a 27-year-old woman who was diagnosed with Crohn's disease (CD). It mentions her treatment with infliximab (IFX) infusion and isoniazide was given for tuberculosis (TB) chemoprophylaxis. It also mentions that ultrasonography revealed cephalic vein thrombophlebitis in the left forearm.

In this study, the possibility of using Tween 80 to disturb the microstructures of 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM]BF4) and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM]PF6) was investigated under high pressures. The imidazolioum CH absorptions of pure ionic liquids (ILs) are significantly blue‐shifted under high pressures. However, mild changes in imidazolioum CH stretching frequencies were observed for IL/Tween 80 mixtures. Tween 80 may hinder cations of ILs to form network structures with anions under high pressures via pressure‐enhanced cation‐Tween 80 interactions. Based on the experimental results, Tween 80‐[BMIM]PF6 interactions are more effective in disturbing the local structure of imidazolium CH than Tween 80‐[BMIM]BF4 interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The polynuclear metal clusters continually attract wide interest due to their intriguing structures and potential applications in various scientific fields. Here, four actinide clusters have been synthesized by the utilization of multifunctional ligand ferrocenecarboxylic acid (HFcc) and Th4+/U4+ ions by solvent evaporation or solvothermal synthesis strategies in different solvents. Therein, compounds 1, 2 and 4 feature similar [An6(μ3‐O)4(μ3‐OH)4]12+ cores, which are further coordinated by 12 Fcc− ligands and different solvent molecules. The U6Fe12 cluster of compound 4 is linked by four free HFcc molecules via multiple hydrogen bonding to form a supramolecular cluster [U6(μ3‐O)4(μ3‐OH)4(Fcc)12(H2O)4] ⋅ 4HFcc. The cluster core of compound 3 is a μ3‐O2− bridged [U3(μ3‐O)]10+ unit, which is further coordinated by 10 Fcc− ligands via three kinds of coordination modes. It is worth noting that multifunctional Fcc− ligand not only endows compound 1 a main redox wave at E1/2=0.720 V in CH2Cl2/DMF solution, but also enables it to exhibit aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, heteroatom-doped three-dimensional (3D) nanostructured carbon materials have attracted immense interest because of their great potential in various applications. Hence, it is highly desirable to exploit a simple, renewable, scalable, multifunctional, and general strategy to engineer 3D heteroatom-doped carbon nanomaterials. Herein, a simple, eco-friendly, general, and effective way to fabricate 3D heteroatom-doped carbon nanofiber networks on a large scale is reported. Using this method, 3D P-doped, N,P-co-doped, and B,P-co-doped carbon nanofiber networks are successfully fabricated by the pyrolysis of bacterial cellulose immersed in H3PO4, NH4H2PO4, and H3BO3/H3PO4 aqueous solution, respectively. Moreover, the as-prepared N,P-co-doped carbon nanofibers exhibit good supercapacitive performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of 5-arylisoxazole and 5-aryl-1 H-pyrazole derivatives was synthesized by the reaction of 3-(dimethylamino)-1-arylprop-2-en-1-one with hydroxylamine hydrochloride or hydrazine hydrate under ultrasound irradiation without using any catalyst. This method has the advantages of easier work-up, mild reaction condition, high yields, shorter reaction time, and environmentally benign procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 27-year-old woman who was been admitted to a hospital after being treated for gallstone induced acute pancreatitis (AP). The patient had a history of swelling in the pancreas and gallbladder stones which were detected by abdominal ultrasonography. According to the article, if the body temperature of a patient becomes normal, then patients with severe AP complicated with pancreatic panniculitis can be discharged from the hospital.

Described herein is a manganese-catalyzed dehydrogenative [4+2] annulation of NH imines and alkynes, a reaction providing highly atom-economical access to diverse isoquinolines. This transformation represents the first example of manganese-catalyzed CH activation of imines; the stoichiometric variant of the cyclomanganation was reported in 1971. The redox neutral reaction produces H2 as the major byproduct and eliminates the need for any oxidants, external ligands, or additives, thus standing out from known isoquinoline synthesis by transition-metal-catalyzed CH activation. Mechanistic studies revealed the five-membered manganacycle and manganese hydride species as key reaction intermediates in the catalytic cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Described herein is a manganese-catalyzed dehydrogenative [4+2] annulation of NH imines and alkynes, a reaction providing highly atom-economical access to diverse isoquinolines. This transformation represents the first example of manganese-catalyzed CH activation of imines; the stoichiometric variant of the cyclomanganation was reported in 1971. The redox neutral reaction produces H2 as the major byproduct and eliminates the need for any oxidants, external ligands, or additives, thus standing out from known isoquinoline synthesis by transition-metal-catalyzed CH activation. Mechanistic studies revealed the five-membered manganacycle and manganese hydride species as key reaction intermediates in the catalytic cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: REST/NRSF (the RE-1 silencing transcription factor or neuron-restrictive silencer factor) was originally identified as a transcriptional repressor of a number of neuronal-specific genes in neural stem cells and non-neuronal cells. REST functions as a master regulator in the maintenance of neural stem cells. During tumorigenesis, REST shows opposing roles in different type of cells. In human epithelial cancers such as colon cancer, REST acts as a tumor suppressor. In contrast, REST plays an oncogenic role in the development of brain tumors and other cancers. Abnormal upregulation of REST has been found in medulloblastoma, neuroblastoma and glioblastoma (GBM). Recent studies in GBMs suggest that REST exerts its oncogenic function by maintaining self-renewal potential of glioma stem cells (GSCs). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

New crown ether carrying two fluorionophores of cis-dibenzothiazolyldibenzo-24-crown-8 was synthesized from cis-diformyldibenzo-24-crown-8 and 2-aminobenzenethiol. The binding behavior and the optical properties of the crown ether were examined through UV-visible spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. When complexed with Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+ ions, it led to intramolecular charge transfer and caused the changes of the fluorescence spectra. The protonation of the crown ether was also studied. With protonation using CF3COOH, the absorption bands and the fluorescence spectroscopy changed, the maximal fluorescence wavelengths red shifted and the fluorescence intensity with the maximum at 433 nm enhanced strongly. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fixed versus rotating-platform knee arthroplasty for total knee arthroplasty is still a controversial topic. In this article, biomechanical and clinical aspects of rotating-platform knee arthroplasty are reviewed. In regard to its biomechanical characteristics, the rotating-platform knee arthroplasty design has been proved to provide less tibiofemoral contact stress under conditions of tibiofemoral malalignment. It also reduces the wear rate. However, in regard to its clinical characteristics, the mid-term and long-term survivorship of rotating-platform knee arthroplasties is not superior to that of fixed-platform knees. It appears that we are at a crossroads. In this article, progress in biomechanical and clinical aspects of rotating-platform knee prosthesis is reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this letter, an efficient method of introducing plane wave source into finite difference time domain (FDTD) grids, denoted as the method of splitting plane wave FDTD algorithm, is presented for solving oblique incident wave in dispersive material.The details of new equations for one-dimensional propagators based on spitted-field of Maxwell's equations are also provided and practical implementations are also included. Numerical examples are presented that demonstrate the valid of the method and reduce a minimal amount of the field leakage error below −300 dB. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26174 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this study we showed that the dengue virus (DENV) core protein forms a dimer with an α-helix-rich structure, binds RNA and facilitates the strand annealing process. To assess the RNA chaperone activity of this core protein and other dengue viral RNA-interacting proteins, such as NS3 helicase and NS5 proteins, we engineered cis- and trans-cleavage hammerhead ribozyme constructs carrying DENV genomic RNA elements. Our results indicate that DENV core protein facilitates typical hammerhead structure formation by acting as an RNA chaperone and DENV NS5 has a weak RNA chaperone activity, while DENV NS3 helicase failed to refold RNA with a complex secondary structure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: NS3H, the helicase domain of HCV NS3, possesses RNA-stimulated ATPase and ATP hydrolysis-dependent dsRNA unwinding activities. Here, the ability of NS3H to facilitate RNA structural rearrangement is studied using relatively long RNA strands as the model substrates. NS3H promotes intermolecular annealing, resolves three-stranded RNA duplexes, and assists dsRNA and ssRNA inter-conversions to establish a steady state among RNA structures. NS3H facilitates RNA structure conversions in a mode distinct from an ATP-independent RNA chaperone. These findings expand the known function of HCV NS3 helicase and reveal a role for viral helicase in assisting RNA structure conversions during virus life cycle. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The helicase domain of dengue virus NS3 protein (DENV NS3H) contains RNA-stimulated nucleoside triphosphatase (NTPase), ATPase/helicase, and RNA 5′-triphosphatase (RTPase) activities that are essential for viral RNA replication and capping. Here, we show that DENV NS3H unwinds 3′-tailed duplex with an RNA but not a DNA loading strand, and the helicase activity is poorly processive. The substrate of the divalent cation-dependent RTPase activity is not restricted to viral RNA 5′-terminus, a protruding 5′-terminus made the RNA 5′-triphosphate readily accessible to DENV NS3H. DENV NS3H preferentially binds RNA to DNA, and the functional interaction with RNA is sensitive to ionic strength. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Using the symplectic partitioned Runge–Kutta (PRK) method, we construct a new scheme for approximating the solution to infinite dimensional nonseparable Hamiltonian systems of Maxwell's equations for the first time. The scheme is obtained by discretizing the Maxwell's equations in the time direction based on symplectic PRK method, and then evaluating the equation in the spatial direction with a suitable finite difference approximation. Several numerical examples are presented to verify the efficiency of the scheme. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We used synthetic DNA oligos to investigate the nucleic acid chaperone properties of the N terminal domain of hepatitis delta antigen (NdAg). We found that NdAg possessed a bona fide chaperone activity. NdAg could distinguish subtle differences in the thermal stability of the base pairing region, and enabled DNA oligos to form a more stable duplex among competing sequences through facilitating strand annealing selectively, stimulating duplex conversion selectively, and stabilizing the more stable duplex. The property of NdAg identified in this study could be applied to improve the efficiency and specificity of dot blot hybridization under conditions of low stringency. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

To evade immune surveillance, tumor cells express ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) on the surface of their membrane, which degrades extracellular cyclic GMP‐AMP (cGAMP), thereby inhibiting the cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS) stimulator of interferon gene (STING) DNA‐sensing pathway. To fully understand this tumor stealth mechanism, it is essential to determine whether other forms of ENPP1 with hydrolytic cGAMP activity also are present in the tumor microenvironment to regulate this innate immune pathway. Herein, it is reported that various tumor‐derived exosomes carry ENPP1, and can hydrolyze synthetic 2′3′‐cGAMP and endogenous 2′3′‐cGAMP produced by cells to inhibit cGAS‐STING pathway in immune cells. Moreover, tumor exosomal ENPP1 also can hydrolyze 2′3′‐cGAMP bound to LL‐37 (an effective transporter of 2′3′‐cGAMP) to inhibit STING signaling. Furthermore, high expression of ENPP1 in exosomes is observed isolated from human breast and lung cancer tissue, and tumor exosomal ENPP1 inhibited the immune infiltration of CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells. The results elucidate the essential function of tumor exosomal ENPP1 in the cGAS‐STING pathway, furthering understanding of the crosstalk between the tumor cells and immune system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the outcomes of open reduction and internal fixation combined with medial buttress plate (MBP) and allograft bone‐assisted cannulated screw (CS) fixation for patients with unstable femoral neck fracture with comminuted posteromedial cortex. Methods: In a retrospective study of patients operated on for unstable femoral neck fractures with comminuted posteromedial cortex from March 2016 to August 2020, the clinical and radiographic outcomes of 48 patients treated with CS + MBP were compared with the outcomes of 54 patients treated with CS only. All patients in the CS + MBP group were fixed by three CS and MBP (one‐third tubular plates or reconstructive plates) with bone allografts. The surgery‐related outcomes and complications were evaluated, including operative time, blood loss, union time, femoral head necrosis, femoral neck shortening, and other complications after the operation. The Harris score was evaluated at 12 months after the operation. Results: All patients were followed up for 12–40 months. The average age of patients in the CS‐only group (54 cases, 22 females) and CS + MBP group (48 cases, 20 females) was 48.46 ± 7.26 and 48.73 ± 6.38 years, respectively. More intraoperative blood loss was observed in the CS + MBP group than that of patients in CS‐only group (153.45 ± 64.27 vs 21.86 ± 18.19 ml, t = 4.058, P = 0.015). The average operative time for patients in the CS + MBP group (75.35 ± 27.67 min) was almost double than that of patients in the CS‐only group (36.87 ± 15.39 min) (t = 2.455, P < 0.001). The Garden alignment index of patients treated by CS + MBP from type I to type IV was 79%, 19%, 2%, and 0%, respectively. On the contrary, they were 31%, 43%, 24% and 2% for those in the CS‐only group, respectively. The average healing times for the CS‐only and CS + MBP groups were 4.34 ± 1.46 and 3.65 ± 1.85 months (t = 1.650, P = 0.102), respectively. Femoral neck shortening was better in the CS + MBP group (1.40 ± 1.73 mm, 9/19) than that in the CS‐only group (4.33 ± 3.32 mm, 24/44). Significantly higher hip function was found in the CS + MBP group (85.60 ± 4.36 vs 82.47 ± 6.33, t = 1.899, P = 0.06). There was no statistical difference between femoral head necrosis (4% vs 11%, χ2 = 1.695, P = 0.193) and nonunion (6% vs 9%, χ2 = 0.318, P = 0.719). Conclusion: For unstable femoral neck fractures with comminuted posteromedial cortex, additional MBP combined with bone allografts showed better reduction quality and neck length control than CS fixation only, with longer operative time and more blood loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the key technologies of electromagnetic spectrum operations, radar waveform recognition is an important basis for judging the threat degree of enemy's weapons. At present, it is difficult to recognize the waveform at low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), and the theoretical simulation is used in most research studies, which leads to the problem that the engineering practicality of the algorithm is poor. In this paper, a two‐stream convolutional network radar waveform recognition (TCNRWR) algorithm that fuses the original time–frequency image and the continuous frames autocorrelation time–frequency image is proposed, and an experimental platform is built by using software defined radio technology. Compared with traditional theoretical simulations, this paper focusses on the influence of spatial background interference and signal incompleteness on the recognition of intra‐pulse signals, and proposes an automatic removal method of invalid signal in the time–frequency domain. In order to further improve the recognition rate at low SNR, a deeper feature of short‐time autocorrelation flow is excavated, and a two‐stream time–frequency images fusion convolutional network (TTIFCNet) is constructed. The network effectively fuses the pre‐classification results of the two streams through Softmax layer and different weights. Finally, the hardware platform HackRF is used to realize the communication and processing of signals in real space, which proves the effectiveness of the TCNRWR algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]