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The article assess the accomplishments of seven International Congresses of Accountants held to date. The first congress held in 1904 in St. Louis, Missouri sponsored by the Federation of Societies of Public Accountants in the U.S., must be attributed to George Wilkinson, an Illinois certified professional accountant (CPA) who was born in England, but spent his professional life in the U.S. The 1904 Congress was an ambitious event for the American accounting profession. It was held when The American Association of Public Accountants had a membership of only 140 scattered over 15 states, of whom 81 held CPA certificates. The Third International Congress was held in New York City in September 1929. Joseph E. Sterrett and F. van Dien, presidents of the earlier congress, served as Honorary Presidents, while Robert H. Montgomery held the role of President of the 1929 sessions. The 1952 Congress, convened in London, England, included about 80 CPAs from the United States. It exercised a constructive influence on international finance and commerce, and stimulated avid discussion and subsequent research on fluctuating price levels in relation to accounts, accounting requirements for issues of capital, the accountant in industry, the accountant in practice and in public service, and the incidence of taxation.

Most American and English cancer patients prefer to die at home. Factors associated with greater likelihood of dying at home have been contradictory in many studies and no studies have compared the effects of factors in different countries. The objective of this paper is to compare the factors affecting place of cancer death in two major cities, New York and London. Methods: We use data on all individuals aged ≥40 dying of cancer in London (59604) and New York City (51 668) in the years 1995 through 1998. The probability of death at home is examined in each city as a function of gender, age group (40-55, 56-64, 65-74, 75+), year, type of cancer, and area socioeconomic status, using multiple logistic regression. Results: Although the probability of death at home is the same in the two cities (∼1 in 5), being female lowers the odds of death at home by ∼7% in London, and raises it by ∼22% in New York. Older age is associated with increased odds of dying at home in New York but decreased odds of dying at home in London. Being in the lowest tercile of socioeconomic status (relative to the highest) lowers the odds of death at home by 22% in London and 39% in New York. Conclusion: Site of death varies significantly by patient and area characteristics in both cities, an understanding, which should be taken account of in future planning of end-of-life care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, queuing theory is tested through an examination of the occupational attainment of six groups of non-whites in London and New York. Workers in the dominant economy are distinguished from those in the niche economy and emphasis is placed on the former. Black male immigrants in New York and black female immigrants in London hold more favorable occupational status. These results reflect differences in (1) the presence of indigenous minorities--African Americans and Puerto Ricans--in New York but not London, and (2) the relatively low position of indigenous minority males compared to the relatively middling position of indigenous minority females in New York's labor queue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The movements of individuals within and among cities influence critical aspects of our society, such as well-being, the spreading of epidemics, and the quality of the environment. When information about mobility flows is not available for a particular region of interest, we must rely on mathematical models to generate them. In this work, we propose Deep Gravity, an effective model to generate flow probabilities that exploits many features (e.g., land use, road network, transport, food, health facilities) extracted from voluntary geographic data, and uses deep neural networks to discover non-linear relationships between those features and mobility flows. Our experiments, conducted on mobility flows in England, Italy, and New York State, show that Deep Gravity achieves a significant increase in performance, especially in densely populated regions of interest, with respect to the classic gravity model and models that do not use deep neural networks or geographic data. Deep Gravity has good generalization capability, generating realistic flows also for geographic areas for which there is no data availability for training. Finally, we show how flows generated by Deep Gravity may be explained in terms of the geographic features and highlight crucial differences among the three considered countries interpreting the model's prediction with explainable AI techniques. The movements of individuals within and among cities influence critical aspects of our society, such as well-being, the spreading of epidemics, and the quality of the environment. Here, the authors use deep neural networks to discover non-linear relationships between geographical variables and mobility flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Around 150 cities have emerged as notable at a global scale. With a global population of fewer than 12%, they generate 46% of world gross domestic product. There is growing interest in how cities can accelerate health improvements through wider social and economic collaboration. A team led by Public Health England in London visited counterparts in New York City and Paris to examine how city health leaders addressed public health challenges. The three cities have similar health challenges but different legal, political and fiscal resources for promoting and protecting health. Consequently, there is no single model that every city could adopt. Organizational structures, interpersonal relationships and individual skills can play an important part in effective delivery of better city health. Lack of access to published evidence on how practice has been influenced by city health policies hampers learning between cities. There is little easily comparable data to guide those interested in such learning. Municipal governments are ideally situated to join researchers to fill this gap in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Previous results show relatively small amounts of time variation in the Hasbrouck (1995) information share across international markets. Using data from a security that was cross-listed on the New York and London Stock Exchanges in the 1860s, we find that the information share changes dramatically during a financial crisis that began in the foreign market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article shows that an ethnically diverse student population leads to blurred ethnic and racial boundaries in high schools. Still, students in New York distinguish themselves much more along ethnic and racial lines than do London students. The evidence presented suggests that, in addition to national-level differences, traditional British school structure, which provides continuity of peers through the form class as well as time for socializing, leads to less emphasis on ethnic and racial boundaries than in the anomic structure of traditional urban American public high schools. It follows that, to promote ethnic and racial integration among teens, schools should not only serve integrated student bodies but also should maintain structures that present opportunities for students to bridge racial and ethnic boundaries. The study employs ethnographic data from schools in New York and London and 120 in-depth interviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an examination into the sea voyage of the English explorer of the Dutch East India Company Henry Hudson through the Hudson River Valley in 1609. Two major questions are raised regarding the actions of Hudson's journey, firstly investigating why Hudson operated in North American waters when his initial mission was to the Bering Strait and secondly addressing why Hudson stopped in England when his voyage was originally centered upon Holland. Conclusions are offered suggesting Hudson's knowledge of pack ice and allegiance to England over the Netherlands influenced his decisions.

The editorial makes the readers aware of the changes taking place in the front cover of Journal of Perinatology as of 2004. It says that these changes are occurring as the responsibility for production is being shifted from Basingstoke, England to New York City. The change in production site allows better coordination of the publishing process as all involved personnel are in the same time zone in New York. The Journal will now be published on a monthly basis with 12 issues per year. It further informs readers about the introduction of electronic Manuscript Tracking System for article submission and review in 2002 and also about the introduction of Advance Online Publication in the Spring of the year 2004. Finally, it encourages all readers to participate in the journal through submission of articles in any of the active sections.

This article examines a set of industries including financial investment, fashion, and culture that tend to predominate in certain cities such as New York and London. Using data on business establishments and wages for the United States and Canada, the author shows that these industries exhibit a very high level of spatial concentration and a related high level of wage variation among metropolitan areas. The author proposes that these industries are very cluster dependent because of an inherently rapid pace of product innovation. The implications of this for economic development analysis are considered in the context of cluster and innovation policy. The author suggests that fostering innovation in these industries requires a substantially different approach from that commonly being deployed for technology industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Looks at the significance of the combination of futuristic and archaic cityscape in the film "Metropolis," directed by Fritz Lang and the play "Dreigrosschenoper," by Bertolt Brecht. Equivocal position of both works in the artist's oeuvres as enduring popular successes and reputations as flawed and comparatively uncomplex products; Creation of topographical systems that offer an insight on the chaotic space of the modern city; Analogy of the urban spectacle of Berlin, Germany and London, England in both works; Analogy of urban projections of Paris in France, New York City and Berlin.

As part of a comparative study of the institutionalized elderly in London and New York, random samples of nurses' aides, nursing assistants and care assistants were interviewed. It is shown that the two long-term care ‘systems’ employ very similar people to provide basic care services, but far more in-service training is provided for New York staff. A detailed analysis of tasks performed suggests that New York staff may be more likely than their London counterparts to carry out technical ‘nursing’ procedures and to be actively involved in physical rehabilitation. The preferences of staff in caring for more or less dependent people showed- considerable cross-national agreement, almost half of the total respondents reporting that they preferred immobile patients. Some of the reasons they gave are presented and the implications of this finding discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This communication examines the pathways of geriatric psychiatric patients in New York and London from the time of onset of a psychiatric episode to hospitalization. Informants of 50 patients in each city were interviewed with a semi-structured interview covering the events and the patient's activities prior to hospitalization. The results show that the time from the onset of the episode to hospitalization is significantly shorter in London than it is in New York. The major portion of this difference is accounted for by the longer time spent in New York between episode onset and initial medical contact. In London the doctor is significantly more involved in the decision to hospitalize. In New York the main reason for hospitalization is harmful behavior, while in London it is psychiatric symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shares the author's memories of Cyril Connolly, the editor of London, England-based 'Horizon' magazine. Importance of little magazines to the author's New York City-based Gotham Book Mart bookstore; Incident involving a potential lawsuit from a real person whose name was used in Mary McCarthy's 'The Oasis,' a short novel that won a prize competition held by 'Horizon'; Author's first impression of Connolly.