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This paper compares the Italian Renaissance painter Caravaggio's two versions of the Conversion of Saint Paul (1600/1601) with two modern models of organization. These comparisons show how organization is produced in art through 'aesthetic landscaping' (Gagliardi 2006), and in particular how these artistic reproductions convey certain images of the appropriate modern, entrepreneurial self and regimes of organization. The painting was originally commissioned by the Catholic Church, but it rejected the first and accepted the second version. The paper claims that this strategy strengthens the given organization of the Church and the Church's strategic influence on the believers that adore the painting. But this all comes with a price, namely, the production of a number of strict divisions: in the accepted version, Paul becomes a pure transcendent spirit. Isolated from his surroundings, his servant and his horse, he is cut off from the very event of conversion. The rejected version harbours radically different, transgressive images of subjectivity, collectivity and entrepreneurship. By identifying these images, the paper contributes to the development of a critical approach to organizational aesthetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper questions the complex relations between Jansenism, Catholic Enlightenment, and visual culture in the second half of the 18th century in Austrian ceiling painting. On this basis, selected examples from Vienna and Lower Austria are compared with the characteristic features of the Enlightenment (e.g. purifying the religious practices of sensual excess). The aim of this study is to bring the following -- hitherto largely neglected -- question into new focus: Did the Enlightenment cause, provoke, or produce new artistic attitudes or should pragmatism, classicism, and simplicity be considered as parallel phenomena in the complex intellectual history of the second half of the 18th century? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the Indonesian occupation of Timor-Leste (1975-99), the Roman Catholic Church grew in importance to the East Timorese people. This is demonstrated by the large increase in Timorese affiliation to the Church: 25-30% of the populace were baptized Catholics in 1975 compared with over 90% in the 1990s. Various explanations have been offered for this growth, many of which identify 'extrinsic' factors such as the religious prescriptions of Indonesian law or the pressures of Islamization. While acknowledging the importance of these factors, this paper argues that certain intrinsic factors substantially influenced the identification of the Timorese experience of occupation with Catholic faith and solidarity. An understanding of these intrinsic factors can provide a more expansive understanding of Timorese culture, experience and history. Drawing on original research into the faith and experience of Timorese people during the occupation, the author explores the relationship between suffering, resistance and the Catholic faith of the Timorese in four areas: language; 'a spirituality of resistance'; martyrdom; and sanctuary and advocacy for the persecuted. The paper draws on the insights of French philosopher and literary critic, René Girard, regarding the importance of Christianity in the context of violence. Girard has argued for a particular understanding of the centrality of the victim in human culture and of how Christianity helps to reveal this centrality. Girard's perspective sheds light on how the Timorese came to terms with their experience of suffering and violence under Indonesian occupation through their identification with Jesus Christ and the Church. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his pioneering research into the geographical development of Tridentine Catholicism in Ireland, Whelan (1988) identifies two contrasting regions. From a core region located mainly in the south and east, innovations in Catholic thought and practice are presented as having diffused outwards geographically and downwards socially. The north and west of Ireland, however, is presented as having been slower in adapting to these changes. This paper finds that Cloyne Diocese may be broadly, yet not totally located within the core region given that the west of the diocese looks more like Whelan's periphery. Further analysis of this diocese suggests that contrasting one region as dynamic and active vis-a-vis another as lagging or passive is misleading since both regions are demonstrated to have been dynamic, albeit in different ways. These different paths were also influenced by the colonial and class relations within and through which Tridentine Catholicism interacted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates anticommunism in Ireland during the late 1940s and early 1950s. It focuses in particular on the campaigns waged by the right-wing Catholic organisations, Maria Duce and the Catholic Cinema and Theatre Patrons’ Association, opposing the influence of American cinema, which it was alleged was dominated by Communists. The central argument is that Ireland's ‘red scare’ was an ephemeral phenomenon, fuelled by American anticommunism, which was then at its height, and the cultural Cold War in Europe. Combined with these broader fears it reveal how anticommunism was shaped by domestic political and cultural contexts, especially concerns about the impact of external influences on Irish minds, in the omnipresent form of American cinema. Hollywood films offered visions of modernity that undermined traditional Irish nationalist values of simple living, an innate distaste of materialism, and an unflinching moral code, informed by Catholic teachings. In independent Ireland, far from the front line of confrontation with the red menace, the ideological dimensions made themselves felt, but were not perceived to be a sufficient threat as to dominate public life, as was the case in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article discusses the role of religion in the French revolution, focusing on religious ideals expressed in the newspaper "La Feuille villageoise" from 1790 to 1792. Special attention is paid to the inaugural issue of the paper's depiction of conflicts between Protestants and Catholics, and Jansenist elements of the paper's message are discussed. Other topics include religious toleration, the paper's coverage of events in foreign countries, and the paper's anticlericalism.

The article presents abstracts of African studies on social sciences and humanities. They include "A Parallel Mode of Being: The Sanusiyyah and Intellectual Subversion in Cape Town, 1800-1840," "Religious Rights and the Corporate World in Nigeria: Products and Personnel Perspectives" and "Re-Encountering African Culture in Living Christianity in My Father's Home."

The article presents abstracts of religion in Africa. They include "Nicholas Bhengu: the impact of an African Pentecostal on South African society," "New perspectives on Ethiopian and African Christianity: communalities and contrasts in twentieth century religious experience," and "Modern Pentecostalism as an urban phenomenon: the case of the Family of God Church in Zimbabwe."

The article examines the perspectives of conducting research on the history of the Catholic Church in Cuba in the context of the Revolution. Focusing on the current possibilities and challenges of archival research with Catholic primary sources in Cuba, the key argument of the article is that the current archival policy of the Catholic Church still reflects the historical development and current circumstances of the Cuban church--state relations. The article states that the contemporary history of the Catholic Church in Cuba still remains largely unknown due to the lack of accessing historical sources on the topic -- yet the situation might be changing as a response to the changes taking place in Cuban society. Drawing from the writer's experiences of fieldwork in Cuba, the article portrays the process of accessing restricted archival materials of the Catholic Church in Cuba and examines how new sources enrich the history of the Catholic Church in revolutionary Cuba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Roman civilization is at the heart of G.K. Chesterton's historical imagination. Nowhere is this more evident than in his 1925 book The Everlasting Man, which challenged a materialist, evolutionary perspective on history and highlighted the distinctive place of the Christian Church in the development of civilization. By distinguishing between the 'healthy heathenism' of Rome and the 'perverse paganism' of Carthage, Chesterton shows how Rome became the setting for the Christmas story, which fulfills the natural religiosity of mankind and provides a center for the unified human story. Roman civilization as a chrysalis for Christianity is at the heart of Chesterton's historical imagination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Catholic Church in the Twentieth Century: Renewing and Reimaging the City of God. Edited by John Deedy. Collegeville, Minn.: Liturgical, 2000. xvi + 244 pp. $24.95 paper. This book [...]

The Failure of Bismarck's Kulturkampf: Catholicism and State Power in Imperial Germany, 1871-1887. By Ronald J. Ross. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 1998. xvi + 219 pp. $66.95. [...]

Betrayal of the Innocents: Desire, Power, and the Catholic Church in Spain. By Timothy J. Mitchell. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998. 178 pp. $39.95 cloth; $16.50 paper. Timothy Mitchell [...]

The article discusses the history of the European Youth Campaign (EYC), an international anti-communist youth organization aimed to promote European unification, to illustrate the intersection of anti-communism during the Cold War in 1950-1959 with the concerns of the Catholic hierarchy over the vulnerability of youth in Ireland. It looks at the U.S. influence of Ireland. It examines the various ways in which Ireland's foreign policy has been circumscribed by the war. It also discusses the opportunities presented by the war to Ireland.

The article discusses the role that the social worker, executive director of the organization the National Catholic Conference for Interracial Justice (NCCIJ) and acting director of the Catholic Interracial Council of Chicago (CICC) Mathew Hall Ahmann played in leading the Catholic Church in the U.S. civil rights movement during the late 1950s and early 1960s. An overview of the role that Catholic sisters, or nuns, played in efforts toward interracial social justice is provided.

The article discusses the secularization of guilds in Paris, France during the 18th century, focusing on government policies that led to the secularization. Other topics include the history of the relationship between Paris guilds and their Catholic confraternities, government regulation of guild spending on confraternities, and information on the disintegration of confraternities in 1776. It also discusses the shift towards viewing religion as a private matter rather than public.

Copyright of IBEROAMERICANA. América Latina - España - Portugal is the property of Vervuert Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

During the past five decades the heartland of global Christianity has shifted to the Southern hemisphere. This places the responsibility of future Christianity predominantly in the hands of church leaders in these regions. It is therefore crucial to critically reflect on how effective theological education is to produce competent church leaders, especially in Africa. This article aims to give an overview of the challenges theological education in Africa is currently facing, and then to provide a macro vision of the major moments in the development of the international discourse on theological education over the past five decades. This comparison will inform practitioners about the relevance of current models used for theological education in Africa. By highlighting the relevance of these various models and how they relate to challenges in Africa, this article contributes to research on the development of new and alternative frameworks for theological education in an African context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Historyczne is the property of Polska Akademia Nauk, Warszawska Drudkarnia Naukowa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article is conceived as an overview of the career and scholarship of Claude Langlois. It emphasizes the breadth, diversity, and volume of his work, giving particular attention to four fields in which Langlois made especially important contributions. These fields to some extent mark four phases of his scholarly career-although not necessarily in chronological order. These are historical religious sociology, the French Revolution, women and religion, and theology and spirituality. The conclusion stresses the originality and independence of thought displayed by Langlois throughout his career. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Huntington Library manuscript HM904 is a verse miscellany compiled by Constance Aston Fowler, daughter of Lord Aston, in 1630s Staffordshire. Constance operated as a kind of literary agent, soliciting, exchanging, and circulating poems, as well as preserving them in her book. Many of these poems are by or about family and friends, but they also indicate her connections with far-reaching networks of manuscript transmission. In particular, the volume contains Catholic devotional verses in an unusual and somewhat archaic hand (Hand B) that also appears in another Catholic miscellany from 1650s Warwickshire; and secular verses that may be by the Catholic love poet William Habington, or may be hybrid compositions that imitate or adapt his work. Both these ingredients have much to say about the complex compilation processes of manuscript verse miscellanies, and about the cultural participation of women and Catholics in seventeenth-century England. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Princess of our noble Catalan land Oh Virgin of the mountain… pious Mother of this land that has always loved you, make it great and powerful1Over the course of Franco’s dictatorship in Spain (1939–1975), we can trace a remarkable transformation in the position of the Catholic Church in the historic territory of Catalonia. Subject to deep-rooted anti-clericalism, with the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, the Church found itself the target of an unprecedented assault. The victory of Franco’s Nationalist forces in 1939 restored the Church, yet due to its Spanish Nationalist ideology, sought the ending of the Catalan Catholic tradition. However, over the course of the 1940s and 1950s, the Catalan Church was able to undertake a cautious reconstruction of the indigenous religious and cultural movement. This revival would begin to transform the Church’s position in Catalan society to the point where, by the mid-1960s, it was possible to assert that anti-clericalism was no more. The Church became a key element in the revival of Catalan nationalism and an important component to the opposition in late anti-Francoism. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

After establishing one of the first non-Roman Catholic missions in Italy in 1850, less than two decades later the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints recalled its missionaries and had no official presence in the peninsu-la for 100 years. Traditionally, the explanation for this has focused primarily on the domestic situation in Italy, including a combination of economic hard-ship, cultural disinclination, political and especially religious opposition from the Roman Catholic Church, which prevented Mormon missionaries from finding success initially, and from returning subsequently. While these factors influenced the decision to abandon Italy, the absence of the LDS church from 1867 to 1964 was less a product of circumstances in Italy, and more a result of historical events in the heartland of Mormonism and of cultural attitudes regarding Italians and Roman Catholicism which were widespread among Mormons in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essay discusses Catholic refugees from the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) and their role in the Southern Republic. The author states that in the mid-1950s, almost a million people left DRV and sought refuge in the territory of what would become the Republic of Vietnam (RVN). The Catholic leader of this region, Ngô Đình Diệm, and his politics are detailed.

The article presents a comparative examination into the development of bookkeeping methods and conceptions shared between the Inca Empire of South America, the medieval Catholic Church, and early modern Spain. Details are given explaining the influence of Spanish bookkeeping in relation to the Catholic concepts of sin and penance, the discovery of Incan accounting methods by the Spanish explorers of the 15th and 16th centuries, and the parallel concepts of debt and repayment seen in all three systems.

During a frustrating custody battle for his niece, a cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church (Francesco Barberini Junior [1662-1738]) successfully plotted her kidnapping, nearly lost custody of her because of his dramatic tirades before the pope, and in calmer but no less bitter moments, lamented what he saw as the dangerous link between public sympathy for the child's mother and the legal decisions of papal magistrates in the 1720s. This article analyzes the issues at stake in this aristocratic controversy, demonstrating that as was the case in France, such legal cases showed the impact of women's effective use of the law courts to address their grievances in the family. Of particular interest in this case is the central place the cardinal assigned to public emotion for the mother as the deciding factor, limiting his "victories," and overturning legal precedents. The case suggests that the increasing support in the mid-eighteenth century for celebrating human sentiment and for overturning laws that violate it may trace its origins to the proliferation of litigation by women for their interests in the family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the relationship of "The Review of Politics" to the modern history of Notre Dame and of the Church. Waldemar Gurian, the founder of the journal was drawn to the Catholic youth movements and founded the journal during the time when Catholic intelligentsia and a Catholic movement was strong all over Germany. It is said that Notre Dame is the resin expectations of the people and the journal is a symbol of one side of Notre Dame.