535 results
Search Results
2. Could green finance facilitate low-carbon transformation of power generation? Some evidence from China
- Author
-
Lin, Ziqiang, Liao, Xianchun, and Jia, Haoran
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Will temperature affect the export quality of firms? Evidence from China
- Author
-
Zhang, Junmei and Li, Hongyi
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Assessing the impacts of climate change to financial stability: evidence from China
- Author
-
Liu, Zhonglu, Sun, Haibo, and Tang, Songlin
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Research on the synergies between low-carbon pilot city policy and high-speed railways in improving Chinese urban electricity efficiency
- Author
-
Chen, Yu, Jin, Di, and Zhao, Changyi
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Effect of climate change on fruit by co-integration and machine learning
- Author
-
Khan, Tamoor, Qiu, Jiangtao, Banjar, Ameen, Alharbey, Riad, Alzahrani, Ahmed Omar, and Mehmood, Rashid
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Regional legislation to address climate change in China: necessity and feasibility
- Author
-
Zhang, Jianwei, Jiang, Xiaoyi, and Pan, Xiaobin
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Challenge or opportunity of climate financial fragmentation : Evidence from China-initiated cooperation with emerging multilateral institutions
- Author
-
Liang, Chao and Liu, Bai
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Construction of China’s low-carbon competitiveness evaluation system : A study based on provincial cross-section data
- Author
-
Wang, Yongjing, Lan, Qingxin, Jiang, Feng, and Chen, Chaofan
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. China's 'recycling economy':from paper to practice
- Author
-
Mehlsen, Camilla
- Subjects
China ,climate change ,Yi Jin - Abstract
Udgivelsesdato: September Climate change and sustainability are hot topics in China, but it is hard to find research addressing the outcomes of Education for Sustainable Development, says Associate Professor Yi Jin.
- Published
- 2009
11. Rural residents’ understanding and willingness to pay higher prices for mitigation against global warming in China
- Author
-
Chang, Genying
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Short and long-run impacts of climate change on agriculture: an empirical evidence from China
- Author
-
Chandio, Abbas Ali, Jiang, Yuansheng, Rehman, Abdul, and Rauf, Abdul
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. The Ginkgo biloba L. in China: Current Distribution and Possible Future Habitat.
- Author
-
Zhang, Ying, Zhang, Jinbing, Tian, Li, Huang, Yaohui, and Shao, Changliang
- Subjects
GINKGO ,CURRENT distribution ,GLOBAL warming ,SEASONAL temperature variations ,WILD plants ,ENDANGERED species - Abstract
With the increase in global temperature, the global change situation dominated by climate warming is becoming more and more serious. Climate change will cause differences in the suitable areas of species in different periods. Ginkgo biloba L., a rare and endangered wild plant protected at the national level in China, is the oldest relict plant in the world. Because of severe climate change, only China's wild Ginkgo biloba has been preserved, yet China's wild Ginkgo biloba population is facing extinction risk. Ginkgo biloba has rich ornamental value, application value, economic value, medicinal value and ecological value. Not only can it produce economic and ecological benefits, but it can also produce huge social benefits. Based on the data of Ginkgo biloba sample distribution, bioclimatic variables and soil variables, this paper uses the MaxEnt model to simulate Ginkgo biloba suitable area under current and future different climate scenarios, and analyzes the changes in the potential suitable area of Ginkgo biloba in the future through ArcGIS 10.6. The results are as follows: (1) the results simulated by the MaxEnt model are AUC > 0.9, showing that the simulation results have a high accuracy; (2) the min temperature of the coldest month, precipitation of the wettest month, elevation, and temperature seasonality are the main environmental variables affecting the change in the Ginkgo biloba suitable area; (3) under future climate scenarios, the suitable area of Ginkgo biloba is predicted to expand in the future, covering most of the south and some northeast regions, and moderate temperature and precipitation changes under climate change are conducive for the growth of Ginkgo biloba; and (4) in the future, the distribution center of the suitable area will move to the northeast. According to the conclusions in this paper, it is expected to provide theoretical reference for cultivation and management, sustainable utilization and solution of ecological environment problems of Ginkgo biloba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Chinese Anti-Westernism on social media.
- Author
-
Lehman-Ludwig, Anna, Burke, Abigail, Ambler, David, and Schroeder, Ralph
- Subjects
SOCIAL media ,RUSSIAN invasion of Ukraine, 2022- ,BELT & Road Initiative ,SOFT power (Social sciences) ,COVID-19 vaccines - Abstract
The Chinese Communist Party and its supporters are increasingly using social media platforms to shape China's public image. This online image is a means of strengthening domestic nationalism and of projecting "soft power" abroad. This paper examines various forms of anti-Westernism that are central to this image-making. It analyzes several recent topics—the Belt and Road Initiative, climate change, the COVID-19 vaccine, the Beijing Olympics, and the conflict in Ukraine—on the r/Sino subreddit page of Reddit and compares them with two online news outlets, the South China Morning Post and China Daily. The paper focuses on how these media frame the contest between a rising China and a failing West, so creating a discourse that competes with the negative portrayals of China outside the country. The paper contrasts the aggressive strengthening of China's image against the West on social media with more sober accounts of the same topics in China's official media and in commercial news outlets. The contribution of the paper is to document an emerging online anti-Westernism that is playing an increasing role in the changing geopolitical landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Managing Extreme Rainfall and Flooding Events: A Case Study of the 20 July 2021 Zhengzhou Flood in China.
- Author
-
Zhao, Xiaofan, Li, Huimin, Cai, Qin, Pan, Ye, and Qi, Ye
- Subjects
RAINFALL ,EXTREME weather ,FLOOD risk ,RAINSTORMS ,SUBWAY tunnels ,FLOODS ,CITIES & towns - Abstract
On 20 July 2021, an extreme rainstorm battered Zhengzhou in China's Henan Province, killing 302 people, including 14 individuals who drowned in a subway tunnel and 6 who drowned in a road tunnel. As the global climate warms, extreme weather events similar to the Zhengzhou flood will become more frequent, with increasingly catastrophic consequences for society. Taking a case study-based approach by focusing on the record-breaking Zhengzhou flood, this paper examines the governance capacity of inland cities in North China for managing extreme precipitation and flooding events from the perspective of the flood risk management process. Based on in-depth case analysis, our paper hypothesizes that inland cities in North China still have low risk perceptions of extreme weather events, which was manifested in insufficient pre-disaster preparation and prevention, poor risk communication, and slow emergency response. Accordingly, it is recommended that inland cities update their risk perceptions of extreme rainfall and flooding events, which are no longer low-probability, high-impact "black swans", but turning into high-probability, high-impact "gray rhinos." In particular, cities must make sufficient preparation for extreme weather events by revising contingency plans and strengthening their implementation, improving risk communication of meteorological warnings, and synchronizing emergency response with meteorological warnings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of traditional villages: the Yellow River Basin in Henan Province, China.
- Author
-
Feng, Yan, Wei, Hong, Huang, Yi, Li, Jingwen, Mu, Zhanqiang, and Kong, Dezheng
- Subjects
WATER conservation projects ,HUMAN settlements ,WATERSHEDS ,BIRTHPLACES ,PROBABILITY density function ,HISTORICAL geography ,CLIMATE change ,TRANSBOUNDARY waters - Abstract
Henan Province is the birthplace of Chinese civilization and one of the earliest human settlements, which means that the area has an important national cultural heritage. Traditional villages are an important facet of this cultural heritage, and studying their spatiotemporal characteristics in different periods has important theoretical and practical significance for the sustainable development and protection of cultural heritage in the region. This paper takes the traditional villages of the Yellow River basin in Henan Province that were formed before 1919 as the research object. Information on the ancient river was obtained through a literature search as well as via field research, and the important tributaries of the Yellow River in different periods were mapped using ArcGIS 10.0 software. The nearest neighbor index, kernel density estimation, standard deviation ellipse and other methods were adopted to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of the traditional villages. The factors that influenced the evolution of traditional villages were explored in depth by combining changes in the course of the river and water conservancy projects. The results show that the formation of traditional villages along the Yellow River in Henan Province has experienced a historical track of growth, contraction, growth and prosperity and stability. The traditional villages along the Yellow River in Henan Province generally show a clustered pattern, forming a dense concentration of traditional villages in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. The center of gravity shows a migration trend from southeast to northwest. In terms of influencing factors, the spatiotemporal evolution of the relationship between villages and their distance to water is closely related to climatic fluctuations, changes in channel, water conservancy projects and social and cultural factors. This paper deepens our understanding of the relationship between traditional village evolution and watersheds by improving the consistency between village spatial distribution and historical geography and provides a useful theoretical reference for the sustainable development of China's traditional villages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. China’s climate and energy policy: at a turning point?
- Author
-
Gørild Heggelund
- Subjects
Original Paper ,China ,Economics and Econometrics ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,business.industry ,Climate change ,010501 environmental sciences ,Energy transition ,01 natural sciences ,Energy policy ,Carbon neutrality ,Renewable energy ,Power (social and political) ,Climate policy ,Green growth ,Political Science and International Relations ,Economics ,Paris agreement ,Economic system ,business ,Law ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
How have 30 years of development in energy and climate policies influenced long-term trends in China and what does this imply for future climate policies? To answer the question, this article examines three decades of energy and climate policies in China. By providing an overarching review, it contributes new and updated research on drivers behind long-term climate policies and whether China's long-term emissions trend can be broken by placing greater emphasis on innovation, technology and low-carbon development. Importantly, it analyses the most recent policy developments in China, such as the likely effects of China's recent 2060 carbon neutrality goal. We conclude that after the Paris Agreement, the biggest policy change has been technological innovation in the power and transport sector. China has prioritized measures, laws and policies for developing renewable energy, especially solar and wind. China has also embraced the 'green growth' approach for responding to the challenges of climate change. These efforts have yielded results, and China has emerged as a world leader in renewable energy. However, there is still a long way to go. The upcoming 14th five-year plan will be critical for accelerating the energy transition, including setting a cap on coal in the national energy-transition strategy.
- Published
- 2021
18. A better understanding of the role of new energy and green finance to help achieve carbon neutrality goals, with special reference to China.
- Author
-
Feng Kong
- Abstract
Carbon neutrality is an important policy in the current global response to climate change and has been widely recognized by various industries. In the process of promoting carbon neutrality, new energy plays a pivotal role. In this study, the definition and connotation of new energy and its role and specific operation in the energy transition of carbon neutrality are firstly explained. Promoting new energy development requires significant green and low-carbon investments. Taking China as an example, this paper analyzes the opportunities brought by the carbon neutral process to the field of green finance and analyzes the main features and development trends of green finance in China at present. Then this paper proposes policy recommendations to strengthen the development of green finance in China in terms of improving the green financial policy system, enhancing the supply capacity of green financial services, and optimizing the supporting environment for green financial development. Finally, this paper analyzes the measures and experiences of the United States in promoting low-carbon development and proposes countermeasures for China's low-carbon development on the basis of the five major relationships that need attention in China's carbon-neutral process. That is, strengthen the top-level design and improve the regulatory policy system; optimize the energy structure and increase the proportion of clean energy; optimize the industrial structure and reduce energy consumption in key industries; build a complete low-carbon technology system and promote low-carbon technology research and development and demonstration applications, and encourage local conditions to explore low-carbon development paths. The development of green finance can contribute to the advancement of new energy technologies, thus contributing to the achievement of carbon neutrality goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. High‐Temperature Exposure and Land Transactions in China.
- Author
-
Chen, Fanglin, Zhang, Xin, and Chen, Zhongfei
- Subjects
FIXED effects model ,CLIMATE change ,REAL estate sales ,BEHAVIORAL economics ,LAND surface temperature ,BID price - Abstract
We estimate the relationship between high‐temperature exposure and land transaction using daily transaction data from 2013 to 2018 in China. Standard hedonic price method is used to perform multidimensional fixed effects regression on 458,564 transaction samples. This study shows that each additional day of the extremely high temperature increases the average bid price by 0.6%, which is equivalent to an additional annual increase of 15.018 billion yuan in land transaction costs. The effect of high temperature on land prices is considerably stronger for residential and commercial lands. We further find that high‐temperature‐induced changes of mood and cognition play a role. Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm is used to calculate price deviation, which overcome missing eigenvalues and reduce nonlinear measurement error. Our findings indicate that heat can make investors more aggressive, which occurs when bidders continue to raise prices to win. The number of bidding behavior will not drop due to the hidden costs of land transactions. Specially, bidding experience offsets the cognitive output bias. This study contributes to the behavioral finance and decision‐making literature, helps investors make better investment management decisions, and alleviates the negative effect of land transaction premium on the real estate market. Plain Language Summary: Extreme temperatures are becoming more frequent due to climate change. Extreme temperature can affect people's cognitive performance. Using large‐scale land transaction data and a fixed‐effects model, this paper analyzes the impact of extreme temperature on decision‐making. Results show that each additional day of extremely high temperature increases the average bid price by 0.6%, which is equivalent to an additional annual increase of 15.018 billion yuan in land transaction costs. This paper analyzes the impact of extreme temperature on human cognitive performance from the perspective of e climate change and uses land transaction behavior as a measure of decision‐making to reveal the mechanism of climate change affecting cognitive performance. Key Points: Each additional day of the extremely high temperature increases the average bid price by 0.6%Heat can make investors more aggressive, which occurs when bidders continue to raise prices to winBidding experience offsets the cognitive output bias [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Mitigating heat-related mortality risk in Shanghai, China: system dynamics modeling simulations
- Author
-
Xiaochen Liu, Hanqing Xu, Landong Sun, Zhan Tian, Chunfang Wang, Wei Wu, Junguo Liu, and Laixiang Sun
- Subjects
Risk ,China ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Hot Temperature ,Systems Analysis ,Environmental Engineering ,System dynamics model ,Climate Change ,Climate change ,Context (language use) ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Heat waves ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Environmental health ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Humans ,Environmental Chemistry ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Cities ,Mortality ,Baseline (configuration management) ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Water Science and Technology ,Original Paper ,Public health ,Extreme Heat ,General Medicine ,Models, Theoretical ,Heat wave ,System dynamics ,Environmental science ,Urban resilience - Abstract
Numerous studies in epidemiology, meteorology, and climate change research have demonstrated a significant association between abnormal ambient temperature and mortality. However, there is a shortage of research attention to a systematic assessment of potential mitigation measures which could effectively reduce the heat-related morbidity and mortality risks. This study first illustrates a conceptualization of a systems analysis version of urban framework for climate service (UFCS). It then constructs a system dynamics (SD) model for the UFCS and employs this model to quantify the impacts of heat waves on public health system in Shanghai and to evaluate the performances of two mitigation measures in the context of a real heat wave event in July 2013 in the city. Simulation results show that in comparison with the baseline without mitigation measures, if the hospital system could prepare 20% of beds available for emergency response to heat waves once receiving the warning in advance, the number of daily deaths could be reduced by 40–60 (15.8–19.5%) on the 2 days of day 7 and day 8; if increasing the minimum living allowance of 790 RMB/month in 2013 by 20%, the number of daily deaths could be reduced by 50–70 (17.7–21.9%) on the 2 days of day 8 and day 12. This tool can help policy makers systematically evaluate adaptation and mitigation options based on performance assessment, thus strengthening urban resilience to changing climate.
- Published
- 2020
21. Global Commodity Markets, Chinese Demand for Maize, and Deforestation in Northern Myanmar.
- Author
-
Enze Han and Qiongyu Huang
- Subjects
DEFORESTATION ,CORN yields ,CLIMATE change ,GEOGRAPHIC information systems ,AGRICULTURAL productivity - Abstract
This paper makes a significant contribution to understanding the logic of deforestation in Northern Myanmar and connects global trends and regional political economy with local environmental changes. Methodologically, through a combination of remote sensing GIS analysis, for which we use a newly available Myanmar Forest Change dataset produced by TerraPulse and the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, as well as on-the-ground field research observations and interviews with farmers, this paper examines how the expansion of maize plantations in the northern part of Myanmar has implications for deforestation in the region. It argues that a combination of global commodity price shock around 2011-2012 plus easy market access to China generated strong incentives for local farmers to increase the cultivation of maize. The paper contributes to how we understand the environmental impacts of Chinese demands for agricultural products in Southeast Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Driving Factors and Feasibility Analysis: China--Mongolia Collaboration on Climate Change under the Belt and Road Initiative Framework.
- Author
-
Pin Zuo, Zolboo Dashnyam, and Ping Jiang
- Subjects
BELT & Road Initiative ,CLIMATE change ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,FACTOR analysis ,INTERNATIONAL cooperation - Abstract
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) offers great opportunities for China and Mongolia to collaborate on tackling climate change. However, few studies have focused on China--Mongolia collaboration on climate change under the BRI's sustainable development framework; in particular, studies have neglected the factors and feasibility of collaboration. Focusing on China and Mongolia, this study first discusses the evolution of legislation in China and Mongolia in the context of dealing with climate change and then explores the factors that influence China--Mongolia collaboration on climate change mitigation from the perspectives of climate environmental governance and energy development at the domestic level. Subsequently, the paper analyzes the Paris Agreement to identify international factors that can influence climate change cooperation between the two countries. Finally, based on the results of this analysis, this paper identifies geopolitical relations, the energy supply, technology and investment, and the demand for a transition to sustainable development as the main driving forces for China and Mongolia to collaborate on climate change mitigation under the BRI. Finally, the paper concludes that collaboration between the two countries is highly feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Dynamic Analysis of Provincial Forest Carbon Storage Efficiency in China Based on DEA Malmquist Index.
- Author
-
Liu, Xuelu, Huang, Jiejun, Zhou, Han, Sun, Jiaqi, Wang, Qi, and Cheng, Xuejun
- Subjects
CARBON sequestration in forests ,GREENHOUSE gases ,CLIMATE change ,DATA envelopment analysis ,CARBON sequestration ,CARBON cycle - Abstract
Global climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions has a direct impact on the sustainable development of human society and has gained widespread concern globally. Biological carbon sequestration measures, mainly forests, are conducive to improving the ecological carbon sink capacity and play an important role in mitigating global climate change. Therefore, assessing the efficiency of forest carbon storage (FCS) is key. In view of the lack of evaluation methods for forest carbon storage efficiency (FCSE) on a large spatial scale and long time series, a method based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was proposed in this paper. The FCS was calculated using the forest storage expansion method, and the FCSE was calculated using the DEA-Malmquist index to solve the dynamic balance between regional forestry economic input and carbon storage output efficiency. The FCSE in Chinese provinces was analyzed. The results showed that from 1999 to 2018, China's FCS increased annually, from 7558.34 million tons to 9476.73 million tons, and the spatial distribution pattern of total FCS was always different among regions. The average TFP value of FCSE was 1.089, which proves that the FCSE in China has been on the rise in the past 20 years, but the efficiency growth differed between provinces and was affected by different factors such as technical efficiency and technological progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. ESG, financial constraint and financing activities: A study in the Chinese market.
- Author
-
Guo, Xuejing, Li, Shi, Song, Xiaoping, and Tang, Zilin
- Subjects
CHINA studies ,CAPITAL market ,FINANCIAL performance ,GOVERNMENT business enterprises ,DOMESTIC markets ,CREDIT - Abstract
This paper investigates the impact of Chinese firms' environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance on their financial constraint and financing activities. We find a negative association between firms' ESG performance and their financial constraint driven by the Chinese government's commitment to tackling climate change. Compared with state‐owned enterprises (SOEs), non‐SOEs have alleviated their financial constraint through both equity and debt issuance, thanks to the stock price appreciation and green credit. High‐pollution firms benefit from both equity and debt issuance, while low‐pollution firms mainly finance through equity issuance. Our findings demonstrate the leading role of the Chinese government in its domestic capital markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. A review of global environmental mercury processes in response to human and natural perturbations: Changes of emissions, climate, and land use
- Author
-
Daniel Obrist, Lei Zhang, Martin Jiskra, Jane L. Kirk, Elsie M. Sunderland, Noelle E. Selin, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, and Selin, Noelle E
- Subjects
China ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Climate Change ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Climate change ,India ,Subtropics ,010501 environmental sciences ,Atmospheric sciences ,Invited Paper ,01 natural sciences ,Emission change ,Environmental Chemistry ,Humans ,Land use, land-use change and forestry ,Ecosystem ,Indian Ocean ,Land use change ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Isotope analysis ,Mercury global environmental cycling ,Ecology ,Arctic Regions ,Intertropical Convergence Zone ,Aquatic ecosystem ,General Medicine ,Mercury ,15. Life on land ,Europe ,Deposition (aerosol physics) ,Heavy metal ,13. Climate action ,Environmental science ,Environmental Pollutants ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
We review recent progress in our understanding of the global cycling of mercury (Hg), including best estimates of Hg concentrations and pool sizes in major environmental compartments and exchange processes within and between these reservoirs. Recent advances include the availability of new global datasets covering areas of the world where environmental Hg data were previously lacking; integration of these data into global and regional models is continually improving estimates of global Hg cycling. New analytical techniques, such as Hg stable isotope characterization, provide novel constraints of sources and transformation processes. The major global Hg reservoirs that are, and continue to be, affected by anthropogenic activities include the atmosphere (4.4–5.3 Gt), terrestrial environments (particularly soils: 250–1000 Gg), and aquatic ecosystems (e.g., oceans: 270–450 Gg). Declines in anthropogenic Hg emissions between 1990 and 2010 have led to declines in atmospheric Hg[superscript 0] concentrations and Hg[supercript II] wet deposition in Europe and the US (− 1.5 to − 2.2% per year). Smaller atmospheric Hg[superscript 0] declines (− 0.2% per year) have been reported in high northern latitudes, but not in the southern hemisphere, while increasing atmospheric Hg loads are still reported in East Asia. New observations and updated models now suggest high concentrations of oxidized Hg[superscript II] in the tropical and subtropical free troposphere where deep convection can scavenge these Hg[superscript II] reservoirs. As a result, up to 50% of total global wet Hg[superscript II] deposition has been predicted to occur to tropical oceans. Ocean Hg[superscript 0] evasion is a large source of present-day atmospheric Hg (approximately 2900 Mg/year; range 1900–4200 Mg/year). Enhanced seawater Hg[superscript 0] levels suggest enhanced Hg[superscript 0] ocean evasion in the intertropical convergence zone, which may be linked to high HgII deposition. Estimates of gaseous Hg[superscript 0] emissions to the atmosphere over land, long considered a critical Hg source, have been revised downward, and most terrestrial environments now are considered net sinks of atmospheric Hg due to substantial Hg uptake by plants. Litterfall deposition by plants is now estimated at 1020–1230 Mg/year globally. Stable isotope analysis and direct flux measurements provide evidence that in many ecosystems Hg0 deposition via plant inputs dominates, accounting for 57–94% of Hg in soils. Of global aquatic Hg releases, around 50% are estimated to occur in China and India, where Hg drains into the West Pacific and North Indian Oceans. A first inventory of global freshwater Hg suggests that inland freshwater Hg releases may be dominated by artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM; approximately 880 Mg/year), industrial and wastewater releases (220 Mg/year), and terrestrial mobilization (170–300 Mg/year). For pelagic ocean regions, the dominant source of Hg is atmospheric deposition; an exception is the Arctic Ocean, where riverine and coastal erosion is likely the dominant source. Ocean water Hg concentrations in the North Atlantic appear to have declined during the last several decades but have increased since the mid-1980s in the Pacific due to enhanced atmospheric deposition from the Asian continent. Finally, we provide examples of ongoing and anticipated changes in Hg cycling due to emission, climate, and land use changes. It is anticipated that future emissions changes will be strongly dependent on ASGM, as well as energy use scenarios and technology requirements implemented under the Minamata Convention. We predict that land use and climate change impacts on Hg cycling will be large and inherently linked to changes in ecosystem function and global atmospheric and ocean circulations. Our ability to predict multiple and simultaneous changes in future Hg global cycling and human exposure is rapidly developing but requires further enhancement. Keywords: Climate change, Emission change, Heavy metal, Land use change, Mercury global environmental cycling, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Dartmouth College. Toxic Metals Superfund Research Program. Award R13 ES028077-01), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Dartmouth College. Toxic Metals Superfund Research Program. Award P42ES007373), National Science Foundation (U.S.) (CNH 1313755), Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (European Commission) (Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement 657195), National Science Foundation (U.S.) (PLR 1304305)
- Published
- 2018
26. Impacts of ambient temperature on the burden of bacillary dysentery in urban and rural Hefei, China
- Author
-
Kefu Zhao, Liying Wen, Xu Wang, Mingyu Xie, Desheng Zhao, Jinju Wu, Kesheng Li, Huihui Yang, Shilu Tong, Zhiwei Xu, Hong Su, Jian Cheng, and Jian Song
- Subjects
Distributed lag ,Adult ,Male ,Rural Population ,China ,Hot Temperature ,Adolescent ,Urban Population ,Epidemiology ,Climate Change ,Climate change ,010501 environmental sciences ,Urban area ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Environmental health ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Aged ,Dysentery, Bacillary ,Aged, 80 and over ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Incidence ,Bacillary dysentery ,Infant, Newborn ,Temperature ,Dysentery ,Infant ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Original Papers ,Infectious Diseases ,Geography ,Nonlinear Dynamics ,Child, Preschool ,Attributable risk ,Female ,Rural area - Abstract
SUMMARYBacillary dysentery continues to be a major health issue in developing countries and ambient temperature is a possible environmental determinant. However, evidence about the risk of bacillary dysentery attributable to ambient temperature under climate change scenarios is scarce. We examined the attributable fraction (AF) of temperature-related bacillary dysentery in urban and rural Hefei, China during 2006–2012 and projected its shifting pattern under climate change scenarios using a distributed lag non-linear model. The risk of bacillary dysentery increased with the temperature rise above a threshold (18·4 °C), and the temperature effects appeared to be acute. The proportion of bacillary dysentery attributable to hot temperatures was 18·74% (95 empirical confidence interval (eCI): 8·36–27·44%). Apparent difference of AF was observed between urban and rural areas, with AF varying from 26·87% (95% eCI 16·21–36·68%) in urban area to −1·90% (95 eCI −25·03 to 16·05%) in rural area. Under the climate change scenarios alone (1–4 °C rise), the AF from extreme hot temperatures (>31·2 °C) would rise greatly accompanied by the relatively stable AF from moderate hot temperatures (18·4–31·2 °C). If climate change proceeds, urban area may be more likely to suffer from rapidly increasing burden of disease from extreme hot temperatures in the absence of effective mitigation and adaptation strategies.
- Published
- 2017
27. A Review of Flood Risk in China during 1950–2019: Urbanization, Socioeconomic Impact Trends and Flood Risk Management.
- Author
-
Ding, Wei, Wu, Jidong, Tang, Rumei, Chen, Xiaojuan, and Xu, Yingjun
- Subjects
FLOOD risk ,URBAN growth ,URBANIZATION ,CLIMATE change ,FLOODS - Abstract
China is one of the countries that are most severely affected by floods worldwide. Due to the geographical and climatic environment, floods frequently occur in China. Rapid socioeconomic growth and urban sprawl in the past decades have significantly changed both exposure and vulnerability dimensions of flood risk in China. In response to high risks of flood, the Chinese government has adopted a series of effective measures, such as the "Spongy City" Program and building many large dams and reservoirs, and some measures have achieved significant results. However, there is still a lack of studies with an integrated view on analyzing the causes, socioeconomic impact trends, and disaster risk reduction (DRR) measures of flood risk in China in the past decades. Accordingly, this paper aims to fill in the gap and provides some new insights into China's contributions in DRR over the period of 1950–2019. Our results show that annual flood-induced fatalities and socioeconomic vulnerability to floods have significantly decreased in China, owing to a range of structural and non-structural measures. Nevertheless, China still faces the complex coupling effects of climate change and urbanization, and thus threats from extreme floods. In addition, China needs to further improve its flood risk management system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Detecting and understanding co-benefits generated in tackling climate change and environmental degradation in China
- Author
-
Gao, Shuo and Jiang, Ping
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Impact assessment of climate disasters on China's financial stability: Evidence from China's provincial level.
- Author
-
Wu, Nan and Lin, Boqiang
- Subjects
FINANCIAL security ,CLIMATE extremes ,DISASTERS ,PANEL analysis ,PROVINCES ,CLIMATE change ,REGIONAL economic disparities - Abstract
Taking China's provincial panel data from 2010 to 2020 as an example, this paper verifies that climate change, especially extreme climate change, can destabilize China's financial stability and explores the transmission path of climate risks with meteorological disaster losses as the channel variable. Our empirical results demonstrate that: (a) only after the extreme climate change breaks through a certain threshold, thus causing a significant impact on the financial system; (b) we cannot ignore the improvement of disaster prevention and reduction ability brought by the improvement of social and economic development level; (c) the impact of extreme climate change will spread to the financial system through the economic losses caused by meteorological disasters; (d) there is obvious regional heterogeneity in the spread of meteorological disaster losses to the financial system. Our results are robust to a wider battery of checks and have important policy implications. • This paper empirically tests the impact of climate change on financial stability. • Extreme climate change will damage China's financial stability. • The economic losses caused by climate disasters will spread to the finance. • The transmission of such losses has obvious regional heterogeneity. • This paper provides policy implication for coping with climate risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Climate Change Effects on Agricultural Production: The Regional and Sectoral Economic Consequences in China.
- Author
-
Liu, Yuan, Li, Ning, Zhang, Zhengtao, Huang, Chengfang, Chen, Xi, and Wang, Fang
- Subjects
ECONOMIC impact ,CLIMATE change ,AGRICULTURAL productivity ,AGRICULTURAL climatology ,ECONOMIC change - Abstract
Climate is an essential element in agricultural production, and climate change inevitably have an impact on agriculture. Assessing the economic consequences of climate change requires comprehensive assessments of the impact chain from climate to crops and the economy. In our previous study, we derived a dose‐response function to estimate the response of crop yields to climate variables through a systematic review. In this paper, a dynamic multiregional input‐output model is established to assess the economic consequences of changes in agricultural production on China's regional and sectoral levels. The results show that (1) the direct economic damage is equivalent to 1% of gross domestic product (GDP) which implies the resulting economic cascade effect (ECE) that amounts to 17.8% of China's GDP. At the end of 21st century, the ECE is −0.1% to 13.6% of GDP (negative values indicate economic gains) without considering CO2 fertilization effect, of which the ECE in the most pessimistic pathway are equivalent to the total agricultural output in China today. (2) Regional‐level results show an uneven distribution of economic impact in China, which is related to the regional economic development. The least developed region in China experiences 2.8 to 8.5 times more ECE caused by climate change than the most developed region. (3) Sector‐level results show that agriculture is still the main affected sector, but in developed regions, manufacturing and services also bear part of the ECE. Plain Language Summary: Evidence from numerous studies has confirmed the impact of climate change on agriculture. This paper assesses the economic consequences of changes in agricultural production under climate change in China. We find that the direct economic damage is equivalent to 1% of gross domestic product which implies the resulting economic cascade effect that amounts to 17.8% of total gross domestic product. The most pessimistic estimate of the economic impacts in the 2090s is equivalent to China's total agricultural output today without considering CO2 fertilization effect of climate change. The economic impacts suffered by different regions of China are related to regional economic development. The least developed region in China experiences more economic damage from climate change than the most developed region. In addition to the agricultural sector, manufacturing and services are expected to experience part of the impacts, especially in developed regions. This paper hopes to provide data support for a comprehensive understanding of climate change impacts in different regions of China by assessing the economic consequences. Key Points: The economic cascading effect of climate change is approximately 18 times larger than its direct damageThe least developed region in China experiences 2.8 to 8.5 times more economic impacts than the most developed regionThe decline in agricultural output also affects manufacturing and services through trade networks, especially in developed regions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Quantitative Evaluation of Carbon Reduction Policy Based on the Background of Global Climate Change.
- Author
-
Meng, Junyan and Xu, Wei
- Abstract
High-quality carbon reduction policies play a crucial role in tackling global climate change and reducing carbon dioxide emissions. China, as the world's largest emitter of carbon dioxide, has committed to peaking its carbon emission by 2030. This study focuses on the evaluation of 12 carbon reduction policies implemented by the Chinese government. A quantitative evaluation index system for carbon reduction policies was designed. Next, the policy modeling consistency (PMC) index method was utilized to assess the quality of these policies. The findings are as follows: Firstly, the average PMC index value of the 12 carbon reduction policies is 6.75, indicating a good performance overall. Secondly, the carbon reduction policies established by the Chinese government are generally effective; among the twelve policies analyzed, one policy received a perfect evaluation grade, four policies were graded as excellent, six policies were graded as good, and one policy received a bad evaluation grade. Thirdly, the indicators Z
3 , Z4 , Z5 , and Z9 in the evaluation index system for carbon reduction policies scored relatively low, suggesting that there are some deficiencies in terms of policy timeliness, issuing institutions, policy tools, and policy evaluation within the 12 policies. Fourthly, this study presents a PMC curved surface diagram to visually illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of the carbon reduction policies. Finally, based on the research findings, recommendations are provided to enhance the quality of carbon reduction policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Recent Progress in Studies on the Influences of Human Activity on Regional Climate over China.
- Author
-
Duan, Jianping, Zhu, Hongzhou, Dan, Li, and Tang, Qiuhong
- Subjects
- *
CLIMATE extremes , *CLIMATE change mitigation , *CLIMATE change , *ATMOSPHERIC temperature , *WIND speed , *DROUGHTS - Abstract
The influences of human activity on regional climate over China have been widely reported and drawn great attention from both the scientific community and governments. This paper reviews the evidence of the anthropogenic influence on regional climate over China from the perspectives of surface air temperature (SAT), precipitation, droughts, and surface wind speed, based on studies published since 2018. The reviewed evidence indicates that human activities, including greenhouse gas and anthropogenic aerosol emissions, land use and cover change, urbanization, and anthropogenic heat release, have contributed to changes in the SAT trend and the likelihood of regional record-breaking extreme high/low temperature events over China. The anthropogenically forced SAT signal can be detected back to the 1870s in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau region. Although the anthropogenic signal of summer precipitation over China is detectable and anthropogenic forcing has contributed to an increased likelihood of regional record-breaking heavy/low precipitation events, the anthropogenic precipitation signal over China is relatively obscure. Moreover, human activities have also contributed to a decline in surface wind speed, weakening of monsoon precipitation, and an increase in the frequency of droughts and compound extreme climate/weather events over China in recent decades. This review can serve as a reference both for further understanding the causes of regional climate changes over China and for sound decision-making on regional climate mitigation and adaptation. Additionally, a few key or challenging scientific issues associated with the human influence on regional climate changes are discussed in the context of future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Will temperature affect the export quality of firms? Evidence from China
- Author
-
Junmei Zhang and Hongyi Li
- Subjects
Temperature ,Climate change ,Export quality ,China ,Heterogeneous effect ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 ,Meteorology. Climatology ,QC851-999 - Abstract
Purpose – This study aims to investigate whether temperature affects the product quality of exporters and whether the effect is non-linear. More specifically, whether the impact of high temperatures differs from the impact of low temperatures, and whether different types of companies or industries are affected differently. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses detailed data covering all Chinese exporters from 2000 to 2016 to estimate the effects of temperature on the product quality of export firms. To clarify the relationship between them, the authors use a semi-parametric regression method, trying to test whether there is a non-linear relationship between temperature and the export quality of firms. Findings – The increase in the number of high temperature days significantly reduces the quality of exported products, and this negative effect increases as the temperature rises. High temperature has the most significant negative impact on export quality for firms with low technical complexity, private firms and firms with no intermediate imports and located in historical hot cities. Product quality of both labor-intensive and capital-intensive firms will be affected by heat. High temperatures have the greatest negative impact on the export quality of newly entering products, followed by exiting products, with the least negative impact on persisting product. Originality/value – To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to examine the impact of temperature on the quality of economic development. The findings of this paper again show that the potential economic impacts of global warming are huge. In addition to some potentially devastating impacts in the future, global warming is already causing imperceptible impacts in the present. Public and economic agents need to fully understand the possible adverse impacts of climate change and take corresponding adaptation measures to cope with global warming.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Farmers' perception on combined climatic and market risks and their adaptive behaviors: a case in Shandong Province of China
- Author
-
Yarong, Lyu and Minpeng, Chen
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. The impact of climate change on ski resorts in China
- Author
-
Fang, Yan, Scott, Daniel, and Steiger, Robert
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Climate Politics and the Crisis of the Liberal International Order.
- Author
-
Leal Albuquerque, Felipe
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL organization ,CLIMATE change ,PRACTICAL politics ,CRISES - Abstract
Copyright of Contexto Internacional is the property of Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Relacoes Internacionais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Establishing a Framework to Evaluate the Effect of Energy Countermeasures Tackling Climate Change and Air Pollution: The Example of China.
- Author
-
Jiehui Yuan, Xunmin Ou, and Gehua Wang
- Abstract
Due to the large-scale utilization of high-carbon fossil energy, considerable amounts of critical air pollutants (CAPs) and greenhouse gas (GHG) have been emitted, which has led to increasingly serious global climate change and local air pollution problems. Given that climate change and air pollution have the same source, energy systems, the rational development and use of energy for collaborative governance should be emphasized to solve these problems in parallel. This paper presents a multi-dimensional, multi-perspective and achievable analysis framework to quantitatively evaluate the emission reduction effects of energy countermeasures aimed at tackling climate change and governing air pollution in support of sustainable development. As a typical developing country pursuing sustainable development, China is taken as an example to demonstrate an application of the proposed framework to assess the emission reduction effects of energy countermeasures issued for tackling climate change and governing air pollution on CAPs and GHG. The results indicate that the key energy actions proposed in this paper would result in emission reductions of approximately 6 million tons (Mt) of CAPs and 575 Mt of GHG in 2016. By 2020 and 2030, emission reductions of 12 Mt of CAPs and 1094 Mt of GHG and of 21 Mt of CAPs and 1975 Mt of GHG, respectively, will be achieved. The proposed framework can effectively help China identify the emissions reduction effect of a given energy countermeasure and support the development of policy describing the next steps for tackling climate change and haze pollution. The proposed framework in this paper is also beneficial for countries similar to China in their efforts to simultaneously address climate change and improve air quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. The Ginkgo biloba L. in China: Current Distribution and Possible Future Habitat
- Author
-
Ying Zhang, Jinbing Zhang, Li Tian, Yaohui Huang, and Changliang Shao
- Subjects
Ginkgo biloba L. ,climate change ,MaxEnt ,climate change scenario ,China ,Plant ecology ,QK900-989 - Abstract
With the increase in global temperature, the global change situation dominated by climate warming is becoming more and more serious. Climate change will cause differences in the suitable areas of species in different periods. Ginkgo biloba L., a rare and endangered wild plant protected at the national level in China, is the oldest relict plant in the world. Because of severe climate change, only China’s wild Ginkgo biloba has been preserved, yet China’s wild Ginkgo biloba population is facing extinction risk. Ginkgo biloba has rich ornamental value, application value, economic value, medicinal value and ecological value. Not only can it produce economic and ecological benefits, but it can also produce huge social benefits. Based on the data of Ginkgo biloba sample distribution, bioclimatic variables and soil variables, this paper uses the MaxEnt model to simulate Ginkgo biloba suitable area under current and future different climate scenarios, and analyzes the changes in the potential suitable area of Ginkgo biloba in the future through ArcGIS 10.6. The results are as follows: (1) the results simulated by the MaxEnt model are AUC > 0.9, showing that the simulation results have a high accuracy; (2) the min temperature of the coldest month, precipitation of the wettest month, elevation, and temperature seasonality are the main environmental variables affecting the change in the Ginkgo biloba suitable area; (3) under future climate scenarios, the suitable area of Ginkgo biloba is predicted to expand in the future, covering most of the south and some northeast regions, and moderate temperature and precipitation changes under climate change are conducive for the growth of Ginkgo biloba; and (4) in the future, the distribution center of the suitable area will move to the northeast. According to the conclusions in this paper, it is expected to provide theoretical reference for cultivation and management, sustainable utilization and solution of ecological environment problems of Ginkgo biloba.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Managing Extreme Rainfall and Flooding Events: A Case Study of the 20 July 2021 Zhengzhou Flood in China
- Author
-
Xiaofan Zhao, Huimin Li, Qin Cai, Ye Pan, and Ye Qi
- Subjects
climate change ,extreme rainfall events ,flood control ,climate risk management ,emergency response ,China ,Science - Abstract
On 20 July 2021, an extreme rainstorm battered Zhengzhou in China’s Henan Province, killing 302 people, including 14 individuals who drowned in a subway tunnel and 6 who drowned in a road tunnel. As the global climate warms, extreme weather events similar to the Zhengzhou flood will become more frequent, with increasingly catastrophic consequences for society. Taking a case study-based approach by focusing on the record-breaking Zhengzhou flood, this paper examines the governance capacity of inland cities in North China for managing extreme precipitation and flooding events from the perspective of the flood risk management process. Based on in-depth case analysis, our paper hypothesizes that inland cities in North China still have low risk perceptions of extreme weather events, which was manifested in insufficient pre-disaster preparation and prevention, poor risk communication, and slow emergency response. Accordingly, it is recommended that inland cities update their risk perceptions of extreme rainfall and flooding events, which are no longer low-probability, high-impact “black swans”, but turning into high-probability, high-impact “gray rhinos.” In particular, cities must make sufficient preparation for extreme weather events by revising contingency plans and strengthening their implementation, improving risk communication of meteorological warnings, and synchronizing emergency response with meteorological warnings.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. China-Europe Relations in the Mitigation of Climate Change: A Conceptual Framework.
- Author
-
BERGER, Axel, FISCHER, Doris, LEMA, Rasmus, SCHMITZ, Hubert, and URBAN, Frauke
- Subjects
CLIMATE change mitigation ,RENEWABLE energy industry ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection ,EMPIRICAL research ,FINANCE - Abstract
Despite the large-scale investments of both China and the EU in climate-change mitigation and renewable-energy promotion, the prevailing view on China-EU relations is one of conflict rather than cooperation. In order to evaluate the prospects of cooperation between China and the EU in these policy fields, empirical research has to go beyond simplistic narratives. This paper suggests a conceptual apparatus that will help researchers better understand the complexities of the real world. The relevant actors operate at different levels and in the public and private sectors. The main message of the paper is that combining the multilevel governance and value-chain approaches helps clarify the multiple relationships between these actors [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. EXTENSION OF CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY AND ITS POLICY EFFECTS IN CHINA.
- Author
-
Xiangsheng Dou and Xiaowen Wei
- Subjects
- *
AGRICULTURAL technology , *AGRICULTURE , *FARMERS , *CARBON sequestration , *CLIMATE change , *CHILD sexual abuse - Abstract
Climate change has a significant impact on agriculture so it is necessary to adapt to climate change to promote agricultural transformation and sustainable development. The key to achieving such a goal is to promote the development of climate smart agriculture (CSA) against the background of climate change. The paper first uses official statistical data to evaluate the effect of climate smart agricultural technology project, and then uses the statistical method of questionnaire survey to further investigate and statistically analyze the implementation effect of climate smart agricultural technology project in the pilot area. Further, semi-structured interview method is employed to conduct more in-depth investigation and analysis on some main topics on the basis of preliminary investigation and statistical analysis. The interviews focus on the environmental and economic effects of project practice, the difficulties of smallholder farmers' technology extension, and the farmers' willingness to participate. The study indicates that to promote climate smart agriculture technologies is an effective way to solve agricultural problem in practice under the background of climate change, and can achieve at least three benefits. The first is to reduce production costs, which can be reduced by 10% to 15% in terms of fertilizers and pesticides alone. The second is to improve productivity, and preliminary results show that food production can be increased by more than 5%. Finally, it has carbon sequestration capabilities and can significantly reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Therefore, the promotion of climate smart agriculture (CSA) technologies helps to solve the problem of agricultural transformation and sustainable development. To this end, it is necessary to drive the transformation and optimization of regional agricultural ecological environment and production system, and promote the innovation and extension of CSA technology. In addition, some soft conditions (e.g., talent, system and technology, etc.) and hard conditions (e.g., modern agricultural supply chain, agricultural big data and the Internet of Things, etc.), must be created, too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. THE ECONOMY-ENERGY-ENVIRONMENT NEXUS IN IMF'S TOP 2 BIGGEST ECONOMIES: A TY APPROACH.
- Author
-
ATTA MILLS, Ebenezer Fiifi Emire, Kailin ZENG, and BAAFI, Mavis Agyapomah
- Subjects
ENERGY consumption ,CLIMATE change ,IMPULSE response ,ANALYSIS of variance ,ENERGY policy - Abstract
This paper assesses the relationship between carbon emissions, economic growth and, energy consumption, in USA and China from the perspective of Granger causality, in a multivariate framework controlling for financial development, urbanization, and trade openness. Econometric techniques employed include unit root tests, Toda and Yamamoto Granger causality, and generalized impulse response and variance decomposition analysis for the time horizon 1980-2017. Test results indicate that governments of the USA and China cannot implement sturdier strategic energy policies in the long run without inhibiting the growth of the economy because of the bidirectional causative linkage between economic growth and energy use. A causal link does not exist between carbon emissions and financial development for both countries. Nevertheless, in the USA, there exists a unidirectional Granger causality controlling from energy consumption to financial development. In both economies, urbanization Granger causes CO
2 emissions and energy use but the reverse does not hold. An upsurge in energy consumption and carbon emissions will lead to a surge in trade openness but not vice versa for China. A noteworthy result is that there is a substantiation of unidirectional causality from energy consumption to carbon emissions in both countries. In the USA, impulse response and variance decomposition analysis disclosed the effect of financial development is projected to have diminutive magnitude whiles in the future, energy use, economic growth, trade openness, and urbanization would influence carbon emissions significantly. The impacts of trade openness and financial development are expected to be of little importance in China. The general findings implied that urbanization, economic growth, and energy consumption influenced CO2 emissions significantly in the USA and China. Understanding these similar and contrasting situations is essential to reaching a global agreement on climate change affecting IMF's top 2 biggest economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. What news on the Rialto? Geopolitics and reputation risk.
- Author
-
Hirsch, Peter Buell
- Subjects
REPUTATIONAL risk ,CORPORATE image ,CLIMATE change ,GEOPOLITICS ,GOVERNMENT liability (International law) - Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine how changes in the global geopolitical climate have created new and more acute reputation risks for multinational corporations. Design/methodology/approach: This viewpoint examines recent shifts in the global geopolitical claims covered in international media and analyzes variety of instances in which these shifts have created new and more intense reputation risks. From this analysis, the authors derive insights into how companies can prepare for and manage their operations to mitigate potential reputation risks. Findings: The author finds that the increases in reputation risk created by shifting global geopolitical structures expose weaknesses in the infrastructure and skill sets by which companies manage their corporate reputation and makes recommendations about overcoming these weaknesses. Research limitations/implications: The geopolitical issues analyzed and the reputation risks exposed are selective; therefore, this is not a comprehensive review of all the potential risks. Practical/implications: Companies can do a great deal to protect themselves from new reputation risks created by the geopolitical shifts discussed by setting up a new infrastructure for managing and reporting on these risks and hiring communications professionals with the appropriate capabilities for analyzing and managing the risks. Social/implications: If these new risks are well managed, the potential for significant business disruption and the safety and security of corporate employees could be significantly reduced. Originality/value: To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first discussion of geopolitical shifts and corporate reputation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Public Awareness, Lifestyle and Low-Carbon City Transformation in China: A Systematic Literature Review.
- Author
-
Wu, Yan, Martens, Pim, and Krafft, Thomas
- Abstract
Low-carbon city transformation is an important action area of China's 14th Five-Year Plan (2021–2025) that aims to reach peak CO
2 emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. Responding to global climate change is not only a national responsibility but also an individual responsibility and very much depends on societal participation and acceptance. While many scholars argue that public participation would be critical to low-carbon cities developing in China, there is apparently a lack of sufficient research on the level of public participation. This systematic review aims to summarize the current related research about public awareness on low-carbon city transformation in China, and learn about the challenges and barriers of public attitude and behaviour towards the low-carbon lifestyle. This study reveals that: (1) although most scholars discussed the conception and policies of low-carbon cities, research methods, the theoretical foundation and the number of cities targeted for research are limited; (2) a public's attention to low-carbon cities mainly focus on a low-carbon life, and there is a clear gap between low-carbon awareness and behaviour; and (3) although scholars had different opinions about the factors that affect low-carbon behaviour, most of them agree that education and government policy have an influence on the populations' low-carbon behaviour in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Dynamics of the Net Precipitation in China from 2001 to 2020.
- Author
-
Pan, Jing, Ji, Yongyue, Yan, Lingyun, Luo, Yixia, and Chen, Jilong
- Subjects
LEAF area index ,VAPOR pressure ,LEAF temperature ,SOLAR radiation ,SOLAR surface - Abstract
Net precipitation (NP) is the primary source of soil water essential for the functioning of vegetated ecosystems. By quantifying NP as the difference between gross precipitation and canopy interception evaporation, this study examined the dynamics of NP in China from 2001 to 2020 and the contribution of environmental factors to NP variations was investigated. The findings revealed a multiyear mean NP of 674.62 mm, showcasing a 2.93 mm/yr increase. The spatiotemporal variations in NP were mainly attributed to a remarkable increase in precipitation rather than canopy interception. Notably, climate (temperature, wind speed, surface solar radiation downward and vapor pressure deficit) and vegetation factors (leaf area index and net primary productivity) played a dominant role in NP in 61.53% and 15.39% of China, respectively. The dominant factors contributing to NP changes were vapor pressure deficit (mean contribution rate: −43.68%), temperature (mean contribution rate: 11.69%), and leaf area index (mean contribution rate: 2.13%). The vapor pressure deficit negatively exerts a negative influence on the southern and eastern regions. Temperature and leaf area index have the greatest effect on the northeastern and southwestern regions, respectively. The results provide valuable insights into the pivotal role of climatic and vegetation factors in ecohydrological cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Evidence of vegetation greening benefitting from the afforestation initiatives in China.
- Author
-
Zheng, Liang, Lu, Jianzhong, Liu, Hai, Chen, Xiaoling, and Yesou, Herve
- Subjects
AFFORESTATION ,NORMALIZED difference vegetation index ,FOREST management ,VEGETATION dynamics ,ECOLOGICAL engineering - Abstract
Recent research shows that China is experiencing significant greening, with afforestation initiatives being the main cause. Quantitative calculation of vegetation change influencing factors and evaluation of the contribution of afforestation to vegetation greening in China are critical to coping with climate change and improving the implementation and efficacy of forestry projects. We investigated the temporal and spatial dynamics of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from 1982 to 2020, and quantified the contribution of afforestation initiatives, a typical human activity, to the dynamic changes of vegetation. The results showed that NDVI in China has primarily increased in the last 39 years. 57% of the pixels increased, 27% were stable and unchanged, and 16% decreased. Climate change was responsible for 72.34% of vegetation restoration, while human activities were responsible for 27.36% of vegetation restoration, according to residual analysis. In the future, only 14% of the regions showed continuous growth of the NDVI, while the remaining regions showed obvious antipersistence (59% will go from increasing to decreasing, and 22% will go from decreasing to increasing). The contribution of climate factors to vegetation change will decrease in the future, and human activities will become more complex. Except for Huaihe River and Taihu Lake (SPHRTL), other forestry projects showed an increasing trend of NDVI after the implementation of ecological engineering. However, due to differences in climate conditions and ecological engineering implementation, there are differences in the benefits of forestry projects. Some forestry project areas still have obvious vegetation degradation, and appropriate forestry management is necessary. This work provides a quantitative analysis of vegetation change and its driving factors in China, which will help to cope with future climate change and provide a reference for the implementation and management of ecological projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Potential planting regions of Pterocarpus santalinus (Fabaceae) under current and future climate in China based on MaxEnt modeling.
- Author
-
Zhang, Xiao‐Feng, Nizamani, Mir Muhammad, Jiang, Chao, Fang, Fa‐Zhi, and Zhao, Kun‐Kun
- Subjects
SEASONAL temperature variations ,LEGUMES ,WAREHOUSES ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
This study modeled the habitat distribution of Pterocarpus santalinus, a valuable rosewood species, across China under current and future climate scenarios (SSPs126, SSPs245, and SSPs585) using MaxEnt. Our findings reveal that the current suitable habitat, spanning approximately 409,600 km2, is primarily located in the central and southern parts of Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, and Yunnan, as well as in the Hainan provinces, along with the coastal regions of Taiwan, and the Sichuan–Chongqing border. The habitat's distribution is significantly influenced by climatic factors such as temperature seasonality (bio4), mean temperature of the wettest quarter (bio8), annual mean temperature (bio1), and annual precipitation (bio12), while terrain and soil factors play a lesser role. Under future climate scenarios, the suitable habitat for P. santalinus is projected to expand, with a northeastward shift in its distribution center. This research not only sheds light on the geoecological characteristics and geographical distribution of P. santalinus in China but also offers a scientific basis for planning its cultivation areas and enhancing cultivation efficiency under changing climate conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. The impact of precipitation changes on the safety of railway operations in China under the background of climate change.
- Author
-
Jiang, Ying, Chen, Zhongyu, Wang, Yuhong, Gao, Jingjing, Zhang, Xiaomei, Hu, Ruoyu, Wu, Hao, Kuttippurath, Jayanarayanan, and Zhu, Yali
- Subjects
RAILROAD safety measures ,GREENHOUSE gases ,INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) ,MONSOONS ,SPEED limits ,HYDROLOGIC cycle ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
Global climate change has intensified the water cycle, leading to frequent extreme precipitation events, posing a significant threat to railway infrastructure and safety operations. Based on the analysis of past and future precipitation changes in China, this study investigates the impact of climate change on railway safety operations. The study reveals the following findings: (1) Under the influence of the intensified East Asian summer monsoon and the northward shift of the subtropical high during the 2017-2021 compared to the 2012-2016, precipitation has significantly decreased (120 mm) in the regions south of the Yangtze River and South China, while it has increased (60 mm) in the regions from the eastern of Northwest China to the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River; The operational precipitation risk has decreased for Urumqi, Lanzhou, Qinghai-Tibet Group, Xi'an, and Wuhan railway bureaus (abbreviated as Bureau), while it has increased for Nanchang, Chengdu, Zhengzhou, Shanghai, and Shenyang Bureaus. Particularly noteworthy is that despite a decrease in total annual precipitation for Nanchang bureau (15.3 mm/a), the frequency of intense precipitation events has increased, leading to an increased operational precipitation risk. (2) During the 21[sup st] century, under high (SSP5-8.5), medium (SSP2-4.5), and low (SSP1-2.6) forcing scenarios, all projections indicate that most of the China will experience an increasing trend in precipitation, with significant increases in precipitation observed in the regions south of the Yangtze Rive, South and Southwest China. The higher the greenhouse gas emissions, the more pronounced the increasing trend in precipitation. (3) Compared to the 20[sup th] century, under high (SSP5-8.5), medium (SSP2-4.5), and low (SSP1-2.6) forcing scenarios, all projections indicate that the total annual precipitation hours, railway inspection, speed limit, and closure risk hours have all increased on a national scale during the 21[sup st] century. The operational precipitation risk for railways has also increased. The higher the alert level for railway precipitation (precipitation < inspection < speed limit < closure), the higher the proportion of risk hours compared to the 20th century. By the late 21[sup st] century, the railway inspection, speed limit, and closure risk hours have increased by 175%, 463%, and 647%, respectively, compared to the 20[sup th] century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Artificial Neural Networks for Mapping Coastal Lagoon of Chilika Lake, India, Using Earth Observation Data.
- Author
-
Lemenkova, Polina
- Subjects
ARTIFICIAL neural networks ,COASTAL wetlands ,COASTAL mapping ,ENVIRONMENTAL mapping ,LAGOONS ,IMAGE recognition (Computer vision) ,LANDSCAPE assessment - Abstract
This study presents the environmental mapping of the Chilika Lake coastal lagoon, India, using satellite images Landsat 8-9 OLI/TIRS processed using machine learning (ML) methods. The largest brackish water coastal lagoon in Asia, Chilika Lake, is a wetland of international importance included in the Ramsar site due to its rich biodiversity, productivity, and precious habitat for migrating birds and rare species. The vulnerable ecosystems of the Chilika Lagoon are subject to climate effects (monsoon effects) and anthropogenic activities (overexploitation through fishing and pollution by microplastics). Such environmental pressure results in the eutrophication of the lake, coastal erosion, fluctuations in size, and changes in land cover types in the surrounding landscapes. The habitat monitoring of the coastal lagoons is complex and difficult to implement with conventional Geographic Information System (GIS) methods. In particular, landscape variability, patch fragmentation, and landscape dynamics play a crucial role in environmental dynamics along the eastern coasts of the Bay of Bengal, which is strongly affected by the Indian monsoon system, which controls the precipitation pattern and ecosystem structure. To improve methods of environmental monitoring of coastal areas, this study employs the methods of ML and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), which present a powerful tool for computer vision, image classification, and analysis of Earth Observation (EO) data. Multispectral satellite data were processed by several ML image classification methods, including Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and the ANN-based MultiLayer Perceptron (MLP) Classifier. The results are compared and discussed. The ANN-based approach outperformed the other methods in terms of accuracy and precision of mapping. Ten land cover classes around the Chilika coastal lagoon were identified via spatio-temporal variations in land cover types from 2019 until 2024. This study provides ML-based maps implemented using Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS) GIS image analysis software and aims to support ML-based mapping approach of environmental processes over the Chilika Lake coastal lagoon, India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Impact of Urban Expansion on Carbon Emissions in the Urban Agglomerations of Yellow River Basin, China.
- Author
-
Wang, Zhenwei, Zeng, Yi, Wang, Xiaochun, Gu, Tianci, and Chen, Wanxu
- Subjects
URBAN growth ,CARBON emissions ,WATERSHEDS ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,CLIMATE change ,URBANIZATION - Abstract
Continued urban expansion (UE) has long been regarded as a huge challenge for climate change mitigation. However, much less is known about how UE affects carbon emissions (CEs), especially in the urban agglomerations of the Yellow River Basin (UAYRB), China. In this regard, this study introduced kernel density analysis, the Gini coefficient, and Markov chains to reveal the UE patterns and carbon emissions intensity (CEI) in the UAYRB at the county level, and explored the spatial heterogeneity of the impact of UE on CEI with the geographically and temporally weighted regression model. The results show that both CEI and UE in the UAYRB showed a steady growing trend during the study period. The kernel density of CEI and UE revealed that CEI in the UAYRB was weakening, while the UE rate continuously slowed down. The Gini coefficients of both CEI and UE in the UAYRB region were at high levels, indicating obvious spatial imbalance. The Markov transfer probability matrix for CEI with a time span of five years showed that CEI growth will still occur over the next five years, while that of UE was more obvious. Meanwhile, counties with a regression coefficient of UE on CEI higher than 0 covered the majority, and the distribution pattern remained quite stable. The regression coefficients of different urban landscape metrics on CEI in the UAYRB varied greatly; except for the landscape shape index, the regression coefficients of the aggregation index, interspersion and juxtaposition index, and patch density overall remained positive. These findings can advance the policy enlightenment of the high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.