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As a fundamental element of global carbon storage, the storage carbon in terrestrial ecosystem is significant for climate change mitigation. Land use/cover change (LUCC) is a main impact element of ecosystems' carbon storage. Evaluating the relation between land use change and carbon storage is vital for lowering global carbon emissions. Taking Hainan Island as an example, this paper employs the InVEST as well as the CA-Markov models to assess and predict how different land use affects carbon storage in various situations from 2000 to 2020 and from 2030 to 2050 on Hainan Island. The influence factors, together with driving mechanisms of carbon storage spatial distribution are quantitatively analyzed as well in this paper. The results demonstrate that, from 2000 to 2020, Hainan Island's net increase in built land was 605.49 km2, representing a growth rate of 77.05%. Over the last 20 years, Hainan Island's carbon storage and density have decreased by 5.90 Tg and 1.75 Mg/hm2, respectively. The sharp rise in built land mainly makes the carbon storage decline. From 2030 to 2050, land use changes on Hainan Island are expected to result in differing degrees of carbon storage loss in various scenarios. In 2050, Hainan Island's carbon storage will decline by 17.36 Tg in the Natural Development Scenario (NDS), 13.61 Tg in the Farmland Protection Scenario (FPS), and 8.06 Tg in the Ecological Protection Scenario (EPS) compared to 2020. The EPS can efficiently maintain carbon sequestration capability, but it cannot effectively prevent cropland area loss. Regarding the carbon storage's spatial distribution, Hainan Island generally exhibits a pattern of high carbon storages in the low and middle carbon storages in the surrounding areas. Areas with high value are primarily located in Hainan Island's central and southern mountainous areas, whereas areas with low value are primarily located in surrounding areas with lower elevations, primarily encompassing built land and cropland. Geographic detection presented the spatial differentiation of carbon storage in Hainan Island is mainly influenced by factors like slope, land use intensity, and DEM, as well as its interaction with other factors is significantly strengthened (p < 0.05). Under the strategic framework of the "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality" goal and the national ecological civilization pilot zone, it is imperative to carefully consider scenarios for ecological protection and farmland protection, adopt ecological regulation models with spatial differentiation, and implement land use policies to improve ecosystem stability, which will contribute to carbon storage loss reduction and ensure food and ecological security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hainan Province has the largest ocean areas in China. After decades of efforts, it has accumulated abundant marine basic data, and has built various types, different topics and large-scale marine databases. The construction of Hainan provincial digital ocean environment parameters 3D visualization system can effectively integrate, utilize and share these marine information resources, and support marine management and marine ecological environment protection. The multi-dimensional dynamic visualization of information can provide scientific and effective tools for comprehensive marine management and macro-decision-making in a timely and accurate manner. This paper introduces a digital ocean environment parameters three-dimensional (3D) visualization system based on digital earth sphere model suitable for marine environment parameters three-dimensional visualization display, studies the key technologies of multi-dimensional marine environment parameters visualization based on basic geographic data and remote sensing images, which integrated high-precision Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and satellite images to realize the three-dimensional integration and visualization of marine environmental parameters in the South China Sea, providing data display, multi-temporal dimension comparison and spatial overlay analysis. The functions of statistics and data management provide interactive information services for integrated marine management and decision-making support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the imbalance in the supply and demand of agricultural land, there is an increasing trend of land resources being remoted utilized across regions. Within the context of regional trade, changes in the agroecosystem service value (ESV) can be used to assess consumer responsibility. However, the embodied flow of ESV and its driving factors have been largely unexplored. This paper, utilizing the latest Chinese multi-regional input-output tables and the equivalence factor method, explores the spatiotemporal characteristics of embodied agricultural land and ESV flow between Guangdong and 30 other provinces, and further seeks to construct three types of embodied ESV models to reveal the driving factors. The findings reveal that during the process of domestic trade in goods and services, Guangdong Province has an inflow of 2.10 × 107 hm2 of land from other provinces, with arable land, forestland, and grassland accounting for 25, 61, and 14%, respectively. Guangdong's utilization of ESV is mainly dependent on external inflows, with minimal local consumption and outflows. The embodied ESV between Guangdong and other provinces is 1626.10 billion yuan, with an outflow of 325.32 billion yuan. The "Y"-shaped region consisting of the northwest, northeast, southwest, and Hainan bears significant potential ESV losses for Guangdong Province. Population growth and the intensity of ESV loss will promote the flow of cropland and forestland ESV, while economic development has a certain inhibitory effect on ESV transfer. This paper provides a new analytical perspective on issues such as the spatial distribution mismatch of land resources and ecologically unequal exchange. These insights are pivotal for promoting sustainable utilization of land resources and regional equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To control heavy metal pollution effectively, prevention of heavy metal accumulations in agricultural soils should be the priority rather than remediation of heavy metal contamination. In this research, papers which contained input and output fluxes of Cd, As, Cr, Hg, and Pb in topsoil (the plough layer) of agricultural lands in Hunan, Zhejiang, the Yangtze River Delta, Hainan, and China as a whole were explored. Fluxes of heavy metal species were recalculated, and future trends of pollution were predicted. Also, cases regarding the application of technologies to control the input and output of heavy metals were analyzed. Results indicated that atmospheric decomposition was the dominant input source of heavy metals in all study sites except Hainan. The relative contributions of fertilizers, irrigation water, and straw returning fluctuated greatly among different sites. Cd pollution in all sites was the most serious, followed by Cr and Pb. In Hunan, Cd has already exceeded the maximum limit value and needs to be controlled urgently. The input of heavy metals from irrigation water, fertilizers, and straw returning could be controlled by proposing more policies to manage their quality and application amounts. The amount of heavy metals absorbed by plants could be increased by cultivating crops with hyperaccumulators and high-biomass plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vegetation classification has always been the focus of remote sensing applications, especially for tropical regions with fragmented terrain, cloudy and rainy climates, and dense vegetation. How to effectively classify vegetation in tropical regions by using multi-spectral remote sensing with high resolution and red-edge spectrum needs to be further verified. Based on the experiment in Wenchang, Hainan, China, which is located in the tropical monsoon region, and combined with the ZY-1 02D 2.5 m fused images in January, March, July, and August, this paper discusses whether NDVI and four red-edge vegetation indices (VIs), CIre, NDVIre, MCARI, and TCARI, can promote vegetation classification and reduce the saturation. The results show that the schemes with the highest classification accuracies in all phases are those in which the red-edge VIs are involved, which suggests that the red-edge VIs can effectively contribute to the classification of vegetation. The maximum accuracy of the single phase is 86%, and the combined accuracy of the four phases can be improved to 92%. It has also been found that CIre and NDVIre do not reach saturation as easily as NDVI and MCARI in July and August, and their ability to enhance the separability between different vegetation types is superior to that of TCARI. In general, red-edge VIs can effectively promote vegetation classification in tropical monsoon regions, and red-edge VIs, such as CIre and NDVIre, have an anti-saturation performance, which can slow down the confusion between different vegetation types due to saturation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The protection of ecological systems is currently a trending topic. Numerous countries have implemented various measures to safeguard ecosystems. Evaluating the effectiveness of regional ecological protection and cooperative conservation is of paramount importance. In this paper, Hainan Island, China, was taken as an example to construct an evaluation framework of the ecosystem change characteristics and conservation effects of different types of protected areas. In this way, the study evaluated the ecological status of important protected areas and the effects of collaborative management and control, and it discussed the changes in ecological status and protection effects. The results revealed the following. (1) Important protected areas occupy a large proportion of natural ecological space, reaching 76.33%, more than twice the proportion of ecological space on Hainan Island. In the past 20 years, the ecological space retention rate has increased by 0.57%. (2) The contribution of excellent-quality and good-quality ecosystems is the greatest, accounting for 82.65% of the whole island. In the past 20 years, the ec7osystem quality has improved in more than 80% of the areas. The proportion of excellent-quality and good-quality ecosystems is as high as 96.75% in these conservation areas, and their contribution to Hainan Island is 44.29%, while conservation areas only account for about 38%. (3) The ecosystem services of Hainan Island have improved and become stable in the past 20 years. The contribution of all types of protected areas to the ecosystem services of Hainan Island is more than 53.22%. In general, the ecological quality and service function has increased in Hainan Island, and the ecological space tends to be stable. Different types of protected areas have effectively protected various ecosystems on Hainan Island with different protection and management mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper used dynamic image analysis (DIA) to analyze the grain size and shape data of beach surface sediments in Bao'ding Bay, eastern Hainan Island, China, and explored the effects of sediment transport modes and beach morphology on the grain size–shape trend curves. This paper adopted a method of combining grain size cumulative frequency curves and grain size–shape trend curves to identify three sediment transport modes: suspension, saltation, and traction, and analyzed the characteristics of the grain size–shape trend curves under different beach morphologies (reflective, intermediate, and dissipative). This paper found that the grain size–shape trend curves can effectively indicate the sediment transport modes and improve the accuracy of subpopulation division; the grain size–shape trend curves showed different distribution characteristics in the cross-shore and longshore directions, which are closely related to the beach's morphology and sediment transport direction. This paper provides a new method and idea for studying beach sediment transport and sedimentary environment using sediment grain size and shape data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancing rural ecological protection and promoting the adoption of environmentally-friendly agricultural production practices largely depend on the implementation of green production methods by farmers. This research paper focuses on the green production behavior of farmers in Hainan Province, China, drawing insights from survey responses provided by 543 farmers. The study examines how farmers' capital endowment, ecological cognition, and environmental regulation impact their multiple green production practices, using the ordered probit model, mediation effect model, and moderation effect model for analysis and further applying the Ivoprobit_CMP, PSM, and other methods for endogeneity treatment and a robustness test. The study reveals several key findings. Firstly, only a small proportion of farmers consistently adopt green production practices throughout various stages of agricultural production. Secondly, the research shows that capital endowment, including natural, economic, human, and social capital, has a significant influence on farmers' green production behavior. Thirdly, the study finds that ecological cognition plays a crucial role in mediating the relationship between capital endowment and its dimensions (human and social capital) and the adoption of green production practices. Additionally, the research discovers that environmental regulation positively moderates the relationship between ecological cognition and farmers' green production behavior. Finally, the research indicates that factors such as ethnicity, fluctuations in agricultural production, and the location of the village agricultural waste collection site are all significant determinants of farmers' engagement in green production practices. The study also identifies significant regional disparities in farmers' adoption of green production practices. To address the issue of farmers' low adoption of green production practices, the paper recommends promoting the overall green transformation of the entire agricultural production process. This can be achieved by enhancing farmers' capital endowment in multiple dimensions and improving their ecological cognition through various channels. Additionally, creating a supportive external environment that aligns with green production practices is deemed critical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bai Yuchan's Taoist thought is an important part of Taoist health-preserving thought. Excavating, sorting out, and translating Bai Yuchan's Taoist thought will not only help increase cultural self-confidence and protect traditional culture but also become an important medium for foreign exchanges. With the advent of the digital age, artificial intelligence has helped the dissemination of excellent traditional Chinese culture with its unique technological advantages, improving the effectiveness, intensity, and breadth of cultural dissemination. In domain machine translation, whether domain terms can be correctly translated plays a decisive role in the translation quality. It is of practical significance to effectively integrate domain terms into neural machine translation models and improve the translation quality of domain terms. This paper proposes a method of incorporating new Bai Yuchan's thought term information as prior knowledge into neural machine translation. Using the term dictionary constructed from Bai Yuchan's thought bilingual terminology knowledge base as a medium, two different knowledge integration methods are proposed and compared: (1) term replacement, which means using the target term to replace the source term on the source language side, and (2) term addition, which means splicing the source term and the target term on the source language side and both the source language side and the target language side. Use identifiers as special external knowledge to identify the beginning and end of the target term. Based on the Chinese-English bilingual alignment corpus of New Bai Yuchan's thoughts and the constructed Chinese-English alignment termbase, the experiments are carried out. The results show that on the test set, the BLEU value of the proposed method is 6.38 and 6.38 higher than the baseline experiments, respectively, which proves that the proposed method can effectively incorporate domain terminology knowledge into the translation model and improve the translation quality of domain terminology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rehabilitation mobility has become a new demand and travel mode for people to pursue active health. A large number of tourists choose to escape the cold in warm places to improve their health every winter. In this study, we collected the health index data of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) tourists from western China before and after their cold escape in Hainan Island in winter, aiming to compare whether rehabilitating cold escape can improve the Quality of Life (QOL) of SAD tourists by hierarchical analysis. Compared with previous studies, this paper has the following contributions: Firstly, the study samples were accurately screened according to the pathogenesis of SAD tourists and the confounding factors were strictly controlled; Secondly, the observational experimental method was used to conduct intergroup and intra-group control studies on 695 samples, and the results were more objective and reliable. Thirdly, the effect of treatment on the quality of life (QOL) of 397 tourists in the rehabilitation mobility group was quantitatively evaluated from three factors including age, gender and sunshine exposure level by multivariate analysis of variance. Research results show that the rehabilitation environment brought by rehabilitation activities can help improve the health status of tourists. Therefore, this paper proposes the concept of “Tourism Therapy” and constructs a theoretical framework. The conclusion of this paper provides a scientific basis and reference for the study of tourism healing as a non-medical alternative therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the sustained and rapid development of the economy, the food consumption structure has changed correspondingly and the market of cold and fresh products has developed rapidly, which puts forward the matching of cold chain logistics. Under the background of the construction of the belt and road and the pilot-free trade zone, the organic integration of the fresh agricultural products market and industry in Hainan is facing opportunities and challenges. In particular, in-depth research on the design and planning of the entire logistics system has not been carried out and the research on the distribution vehicle routing problem is still in the initial stage. This paper combs the relevant policies of cold chain logistics development in Hainan province. Given the imperfect system, the lack of policy guarantee measures, and the lack of regionality of the policy objective system, this paper puts forward some suggestions for improvement. The effective inventory control model of Hainan fresh agricultural products under cold chain logistics is explored by using the inventory management theory and the related theory of system dynamics. The simulation is carried out by using Vensim software, which provides a reference for improving the status of cold chain logistics of fresh agricultural products in Hainan. By saving funds, the profits of cold and fresh products are increased and the market competitiveness is improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Guangxi, Hainan, and Fujian Province in southern China, β-thalassemia is a frequent monogenic hereditary disorder that is primarily defined by hemolytic anemia brought on by inefficient erythropoiesis. It has been found that ineffective erythropoiesis in β-thalassemia is closely associated with a high accumulation of Reactive oxygen species, a product of oxidative stress, in erythroid cells. During recent years, ferroptosis is an iron-dependent lipid peroxidation that involves abnormalities in lipid and iron metabolism as well as reactive oxygen species homeostasis. It is a recently identified kind of programmed cell death. β-thalassemia patients experience increased iron release from reticuloendothelial cells and intestinal absorption of iron, ultimately resulting in iron overload. Additionally, the secretion of Hepcidin is inhibited in these patients. What counts is both ineffective erythropoiesis and ferroptosis in β-thalassemia are intricately linked to the iron metabolism and Reactive oxygen species homeostasis. Consequently, to shed further light on the pathophysiology of β-thalassemia and propose fresh ideas for its therapy, this paper reviews ferroptosis, ineffective erythropoiesis, and the way they interact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important component of forest parameters, forest canopy height is of great significance to the study of forest carbon stocks and carbon cycle status. There is an increasing interest in obtaining large-scale forest canopy height quickly and accurately. Therefore, many studies have aimed to address this issue by proposing machine learning models that accurately invert forest canopy height. However, most of the these approaches feature PolSAR observations from a data-driven viewpoint in the feature selection part of the machine learning model, without taking into account the intrinsic mechanisms of PolSAR polarization observation variables. In this work, we evaluated the correlations between eight polarization observation variables, namely, T11, T22, T33, total backscattered power (SPAN), radar vegetation index (RVI), the surface scattering component (Ps), dihedral angle scattering component (Pd), and body scattering component (Pv) of Freeman-Durden three-component decomposition, and the height of the forest canopy. On this basis, a weighted inversion method for determining forest canopy height under the view of structural equation modeling was proposed. In this study, the direct and indirect contributions of the above eight polarization observation variables to the forest canopy height inversion task were estimated based on structural equation modeling. Among them, the indirect contributions were generated by the interactions between the variables and ultimately had an impact on the forest canopy height inversion. In this study, the covariance matrix between polarization variables and forest canopy height was calculated based on structural equation modeling, the weights of the variables were calculated by combining with the Mahalanobis distance, and the weighted inversion of forest canopy height was carried out using PSO-SVR. In this study, some experiments were carried out using three Gaofen-3 satellite (GF-3) images and ICESat-2 forest canopy height data for some forest areas of Gaofeng Ridge, Baisha Lizu Autonomous County, Hainan Province, China. The results showed that T11, T33, and total backscattered power (SPAN) are highly correlated with forest canopy height. In addition, this study showed that determining the weights of different polarization observation variables contributes positively to the accurate estimation of forest canopy height. The forest canopy height-weighted inversion method proposed in this paper was shown to be superior to the multiple regression model, with a 26% improvement in r and a 0.88 m reduction in the root-mean-square error (RMSE). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an intelligent blind guide system based on 2D LiDAR and RGB-D camera sensing is proposed, and the system is mounted on a smart cane. The intelligent guide system relies on 2D LiDAR, an RGB-D camera, IMU, GPS, Jetson nano B01, STM32, and other hardware. The main advantage of the intelligent guide system proposed by us is that the distance between the smart cane and obstacles can be measured by 2D LiDAR based on the cartographer algorithm, thus achieving simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). At the same time, through the improved YOLOv5 algorithm, pedestrians, vehicles, pedestrian crosswalks, traffic lights, warning posts, stone piers, tactile paving, and other objects in front of the visually impaired can be quickly and effectively identified. Laser SLAM and improved YOLOv5 obstacle identification tests were carried out inside a teaching building on the campus of Hainan Normal University and on a pedestrian crossing on Longkun South Road in Haikou City, Hainan Province. The results show that the intelligent guide system developed by us can drive the omnidirectional wheels at the bottom of the smart cane and provide the smart cane with a self-leading blind guide function, like a "guide dog", which can effectively guide the visually impaired to avoid obstacles and reach their predetermined destination, and can quickly and effectively identify the obstacles on the way out. The mapping and positioning accuracy of the system's laser SLAM is 1 m ± 7 cm, and the laser SLAM speed of this system is 25~31 FPS, which can realize the short-distance obstacle avoidance and navigation function both in indoor and outdoor environments. The improved YOLOv5 helps to identify 86 types of objects. The recognition rates for pedestrian crosswalks and for vehicles are 84.6% and 71.8%, respectively; the overall recognition rate for 86 types of objects is 61.2%, and the obstacle recognition rate of the intelligent guide system is 25–26 FPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper starts from the industrial structure and characteristics of the Internet of Things and compares and analyzes the development ideas of the Internet of Things industry in the market economy under different systems. We also discuss IoT business model innovations and analyze the inadequacies of current IoT business models. We use the cost-benefit analysis method to analyze, from the aspects of social benefits, economic benefits, environmental benefits, and externalities. In this paper, factor analysis and quantitative statistics are used to calculate the weight of influencing factors, and the multilevel fuzzy evaluation method is used to score the influencing factor indicators to calculate the final score result, so as to judge the applicability of the multilevel fuzzy evaluation method to judge the profit model. In order to verify whether the establishment of economic regions plays a positive role in regional economic development, a double-difference model is established. Two sets of data from the Free Trade Zone and Hainan Free Trade Zone are selected for regression analysis, and robustness tests of various methods are carried out. This paper regresses various samples of the Hainan Free Trade Zone by region and city level to explore their characteristics in different regions. From the empirical results, it can be seen that the establishment of the Hainan Free Trade Zone has indeed promoted the economic development of the region where it is located, and this result is still significant after repeated robustness tests. Judging from the regression results by region, the establishment of the Hainan Free Trade Zone has a greater role in promoting the economic development of the eastern and western regions and it has a stronger pulling effect on the western regions than in the western regions. The policy effect of establishing a free trade zone may not be significant due to too few samples and short establishment time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the intensification of global environmental pollution and the overexploitation of resources and energy, low-carbon environmental economy (LCEE) has become the important means for countries in the world to achieve sustainable economic, resource, and environmental development. Therefore, the research on the coordinated development of logistics development and LCEE is very necessary in the development of our country's LCEE. Firstly, this paper discusses the development level of logistics industry in Hainan Province from five aspects: energy consumption, carbon emission, carbon productivity, economic benefit index, and carbon emission efficiency. Secondly, choose carbon emission intensity to represent the development level of low-carbon economy. Based on the efficiency coefficient method, coefficient of variation method, linear weighting method, spatial description method, and system evolution equation method, the coordination measurement method is adopted. Finally, the coordinated development of logistics development and low-carbon environmental economy in Hainan Province is analyzed. On this basis, this paper puts forward the related promotion strategies for the coordinated development of logistics development and logistics industry in Hainan. The research results show that the system coupling degree in Hainan Province is about 0.9, indicating that the logistics industry and the low-carbon economic subsystem have a relatively high degree of coupling development. Compared with other provinces, Hainan's level of coupled and coordinated development is at the upstream level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The invasive brownrat (Rattus norvegicus) and the Oriental rats (Rattus tanezumi) are common commensal murid that are important hosts for rodent-borne diseases in southeast Asia. Understanding their population structure and genetic diversity is essential to uncover their invasion biology and distribution dynamics that are essential for controlling rodent-borne diseases. Methods: TA total of 103 R. norvegicus and 85 R. tanezumi were collected from 13 to 9 coastal areas of six provincial monitoring sentinel sites, respectivelyto assess patterns in their microsatellite loci and their mitochondrial coxl gene region. Results: Eleven sampled populations of R. norvegicus were divided into two major clusters by region. The observed heterozygosity values of all regional populations were smaller than expected genetic diversity heterozygosity values and deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium Nine sample populations of R. tanezumi were divided into three clusters; two that included sample from Hainan and Fujian provinces, and one that included samples from the other provinces and cities. The genetic diversity of R. tanezumi was highest in samples from Jiangsu and Guangdong provinces. Conclusion: The data in this paper confirm the two invasive rodent species from the southeastern coastal region of China may have relied on maritime transport to spread from the southern region of China to the Yangtze River basin. R. tanezumi may then hanve migrated unidirectionally, along the southeastern provinces of China towards the north, while R. norvegicus spread in a complex and multidirectional manner in Hainan, Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangsu Provinces of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to compare the differential impact of Taiwan High-speed Railway (T-HSR) and Hainan East Ring High-speed Railway (HER-HSR) stations on the surrounding construction land expansion, reveal the underlying institutional reasons, and then provide policy recommendations for coordinating the rational development of land resources and ecological environment protection around high-speed railway (HSR) stations. The research methods include the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework, buffer analysis, and GIS spatial analysis. The results show that (1) The spillover impact of HSR stations on the surrounding construction land expansion is the result of the game between different actors around the development and protection of land around HSR stations under the action scenarios of various external factors. The surrounding construction land of 12 stations of T-HSR increased by 269.98 km2 within the study scope and period, while the surrounding area of 10 stations in HER-HSR increased by 187.61 km2. (2) There are nine stations in T-HSR that affect the expansion of surrounding construction land within 1.0–3.0 km and lead to the expansion of construction land of 22.44 km2, while there are six stations in HER-HSR that affect the expansion of construction land within 1.5–3.5 km and lead to the expansion of construction land of 24.20 km2. Other stations cannot effectively identify their areas of influence due to other reasons. (3) Each station of HER-HSR has a stronger influence intensity and degree on the expansion of surrounding construction land than that of T-HSR, which is closely related to institutional factors such as land planning, land property rights, and public participation. In conclusion, the differences in land planning, land property rights, public participation, and other basic systems will lead to differences in the expansion of surrounding construction land for HSR stations. This research aims to provide institutional adjustment suggestions to achieve coordinated economic development and ecological protection around HSR stations in two Chinese islands with different institutional environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

College students face a variety of challenges today, and the degree of their psychological health directly impacts their ability to overcome these challenges. A good psychological state helps college students to invest better in their career development and improve the degree of social integration. This paper uses the SCL-90 Symptom Self-Assessment Scale and the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) to investigate the mental health, psychological support, and social support of students from low income backgrounds in two universities in Hainan City. The research results showed that there was no significant difference between the objective support scores of students from low income backgrounds in higher vocational colleges and non-poor students, while the subjective support and utilization of support scores were significantly lower than those of non-poor students. In essence, successful social support should not only be one-dimensional support from the subject to the object, but should be a process of two-sided interaction, or a process of "mutual construction" between supporters and those supported. According to the research conclusions, this paper suggests how to improve the degree of mental health of college students by way of forming a comprehensive educational environment including campus culture construction, ideological and moral education, and economic assistance system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Drug Resistance and Molecular Characteristics of Carbapenem-Resistant OXA-48-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains in Hainan, China" has been retracted by the author. Concerns were raised about significant overlap with a previous publication, including identical figures and sequence analyses. The authors admitted errors in their article but were unable to explain the figure overlap satisfactorily. As a result, the Editor-in-Chief decided to retract the paper due to concerns about its reliability. The retraction was approved by the Editor-in-Chief and the authors agreed to it. [Extracted from the article]

The strategy of building an international tourism island in Hainan is an important national strategic deployment, with tourism as the core, integrating a series of issues such as industry, tropical agriculture, and urban-rural relations. The implementation of this strategy profoundly affects the evolution of local land use patterns and ecosystems on Hainan Island. This paper utilizes a counterfactual analysis framework and Cellular Automata (CA)-Markov model based on the current land use data of Hainan Island for the three periods of 1999, 2008 and 2017. Accordingly, the spatial and temporal conditions of ecosystem service values (ESV) in 2017, under the assumed scenario of unimplemented international tourism island strategy, were simulated. The net spatial and temporal impacts of the international tourism island construction strategy on the value of ecosystem services on Hainan Island were finally assessed. The results are as follows. First, the total value of ESV in Hainan Island in 1999, 2008 and 2017 were 33.88 billion yuan, 56.045 billion yuan and 50.417 billion yuan respectively showing a trend of first increasing and then decreasing; spatially, the ESV were high in the central region and low in the surrounding areas. Second, in the simulated scenario without the implementation of the international tourism island construction strategy in 2017, the total ESV of Hainan Island was 54.19 billion yuan. Third, the implementation of the international tourism island policy reduced the ESV by 3773 million yuan, and the impact of this policy was high in coastal areas and low inland. There was an obvious divergence between the positive and negative effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assembly and break-up of supercontinents have been hot research topics in international earth sciences because they represent a breakthrough in reconstructing the history of continental evolution and deepening the theory of plate tectonics, which is of indispensable importance to the development of earth sciences. With the continuous enrichment of paleomagnetic, paleontological, chronological, and geochemical data in the last two decades, the evolution of the supercontinent from Columbia to Rodinia has gradually gained unified understanding, and the reconstruction of the major plates within the supercontinent has basically been constrained. In contrast, the reconstruction of microplates, such as South China, Tarim, and Kabul, is controversial and has now become a popular topic and frontier area of supercontinent reconstruction. Hainan lies at the southern tip of South China, and a few Proterozoic units are exposed on the island. At present, Hainan is often taken as a part of the Cathaysia Block. However, due to the lack of exposed Mesoproterozoic igneous and supercrustal rocks in Cathaysia, the reconstruction model of the Cathaysia Block and even the South China Craton based solely on Mesoproterozoic units in Hainan are distinct from those based on units in the Yangtze Block and younger Proterozoic units within the Cathaysia Block, which makes the paleoposition of the South China Craton controversial. In this paper, we provide new detrital zircon U–Pb age data for the Baoban Complex, Hainan, together with the available data to comment on the affinities between Hainan and the Yangtze and Cathaysia Blocks in the Proterozoic, and on this basis, we can reconstruct the South China Craton within the Proterozoic supercontinents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an integrated life cycle assessment-life cycle cost (LCA-LCC) model of environmental and economic factors for highway engineering technical schemes to problems such as the limitations of single-dimensional assessment, their narrow scope, the difficulty in tracing sources, and the conflicts of various dimensions in existing integrated assessment methods. The latest documents issued by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and the Ministry of Transport of China used as an integrated assessment database. Air pollution, water pollution, solid waste pollution, noise pollution, energy consumption, pre-project cost, project construction cost, project operation cost, and post-project cost were used to construct the integrated assessment index system of environmental and economic factors. An improved entropy method was adopted in the LCA-LCC model to overcome the problems of ambiguous results of the previous entropy due to too few assessment schemes, the inoperability of the method when it encounters a negative value or zero value, and unbalanced multi-angle assessments. This model was applied to the assessment of two asphalt pavement maintenance schemes of Highway US280 in Alabama and two improvement schemes of high liquid limit soil subgrade of Highway G360 in Hainan. The results show that the LCA-LCC model overcomes the limitations and imbalances of a single LCA or LCC. The gravel improved scheme and the cold recycling scheme were identified through quantitative assessment as more sustainable. This paper can provide a reference for the comprehensive quantitative assessment of environmental and economic benefits of highway engineering technical schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface water quality assessment is an important component of environmental protection and sustainable development. In this study, 24 sampling sites were arranged in the Wanquan River area of Hainan Island, China, in 2021, and nine water quality indicators were measured. The water quality of the Wanquan River was assessed using the single factor pollution index method and the Nemerow pollution index method; the spatial distribution characteristics of pollutants were revealed, and the sources of pollution were further analyzed using factor analysis. The results show that the overall water quality of the Wanquan River basin is good, with the average values of all indicators meeting China's Class III water quality standards. The results of the single factor pollution index method showed that 29% of the sampling sites were in the no pollution class, 38% in the slight pollution class, 25% in the light pollution class, and 8% in the moderate pollution class. The results of the Nemerow pollution index showed that 25% of the sampling sites were in the clean category, 17% in the cleaner category, 42% in the light category, and 17% in the moderate category. The results of the factor analysis show that agricultural activities and domestic sewage discharge are the main sources of pollution, with nitrogen and phosphorus being the most important factors affecting water quality. This paper proposes several measures to reduce water pollution in the Wanquan River, including improving agricultural activities, improving wastewater treatment, and strengthening environmental monitoring. The findings have practical implications for reducing water pollution in rivers and lakes and can provide a reference for policy decisions related to water resource management and environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nature reserves are special habitats established for representative plant and animal ecosystems, and it is important to strengthen the monitoring and protection of nature reserves for ecological environmental protection. In this paper, 23 typical nature reserves of different levels and types on Hainan Island were selected as the study area. The InVEST model and LandTrendr algorithm were applied in habitat quality assessment and to anthropogenic disturbances of the study area from 2000 to 2021, respectively. Finally, an assessment mode was established, coupling the habitat quality assessment and anthropogenic disturbances, to analyze the spatial and temporal conservation effectiveness of the 23 nature reserves. The results indicate that the 23 nature reserves had good overall conservation effectiveness; 21 had an excellent effectiveness rating, and 2 had a good effectiveness rating between 2000 and 2021. Three of the nature reserves, namely, Dazhoudao, Dongzhaigang and Bangxi, have become significantly more effective. Provincial nature reserves are less effective than national nature reserves in terms of conservation, and are a key concern for follow-up. The conservation effectiveness of the four provincial nature reserves—Nanwan, Qinglangang, Dongfangheilianpilu and Qilinlai—is low, and there has been no significant trend of improvement over the past 21 years. The spatial and temporal changes in the conservation effectiveness of 23 nature reserves on Hainan Island over 21 years can provide scientific data support for the development of nature reserves and departmental supervision in Hainan Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific evaluation of tourism resources provides the basic conditions for the rational development and utilization of tourism resources, which is significant for the sustainable development of tourism. On the basis of obtaining a large sample of tourism resource data, this study constructed an evaluation index system of regional tourism resources from four aspects: quantity, type, grade, and a combination of regional tourism resources, taking the township scale as the spatial evaluation unit. The combination weighting method was used to evaluate the grade of tourism resources in each township, and the hierarchical clustering method and spatial autocorrelation method were used to analyze the spatial patterns of the tourism resource values. On the basis of the evaluation's results and spatial pattern analysis, this paper analyzed the influencing factors of tourism resource patterns and puts forward a tourism development model suitable for Hainan tourism development. The results showed that the overall value of tourism resources on Hainan Island was low, and the spatial pattern was obviously different, showing that the northern piedmont plain area was higher than the southern hilly area, and the east coast area was higher than the west coast area. Based on the analysis of quantity density, type abundance, grade advantage, and spatial combination, the tourism resource values of Hainan Island was divided into four combination areas: the first area was diversity and good combination, the second area was large quantity and good combination, the third area was diversity and high-quality resources, and the fourth area was large quantity. In addition, from the analysis of the spatial agglomeration effect, the phenomena of high and low agglomerations of tourism resource values were obvious. Finally, this paper puts forward a tourism development model for Hainan Island by grading, classification, and zoning. The results of this study can determine the time sequence and mode of regional tourism resources development and provide spatial implications and suggestions for regional tourism planning and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The echolocation clicks of free-ranging Indo-Pacific finless porpoises (IPFPs, Neophocaena phocaenoides) have been rarely studied in the wild. This paper aims at describing the echolocation-click characteristics of IPFPs and examining whether IPFPs adapt their sonar system to the habitats in Hainan waters, China. The echolocation clicks were recorded using a 13 elements star-shaped array of hydrophones. A total of 65 on-axis clicks were identified and analyzed. IPFPs use echolocation clicks with a source level (SL) of 158 ± 9 dB re: 1 μPa peak-peak, mean peak, and centroid frequency of 134 ± 3 kHz, −3 dB bandwidth of 14 ± 2 kHz and produce at inter-click intervals of 104 ± 51 ms. The results relative to other porpoises show that finless porpoises in Hainan waters produce clicks with moderate SLs and high peak frequency. These results could be useful in detecting the presence and estimating the density of IPFPs during passive acoustic monitoring in the study area and serve to shed light on the interpopulation variation of click characteristics of finless porpoises as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A three-dimensional electrical conductivity model of the mantle beneath South China is presented using the geomagnetic depth sounding method in this paper. The data misfit term in the inversion function is measured by the L1-norm to suppress the instability caused by large noises contained in the observed data. To properly correct the ocean effect in responses at coastal observatories, a high-resolution (1° × 1°) heterogeneous and fixed shell is included in inversion. The most striking feature of the obtained model is a continuous high-conductivity anomaly that is centered on ~(112° E, 27° N) in the mantle. The average conductivity of the anomaly appears to be two to four times higher than that of the global average models at the most sensitive depths (410–900 km) of geomagnetic depth sounding. Further analysis combining laboratory-measured conductivity models with the observed conductivity model shows that the anomaly implies excess temperature in the mantle. This suggests the existence of a mantle plume, corresponding to the Hainan plume, that originates in the lower mantle, passes through the mantle transition zone, and enters the upper mantle. Our electrical conductivity model provides convincing evidence for the mantle plume beneath South China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Medication recommendation based on electronic medical record (EMR) is a research hot spot in smart healthcare. For developing computational medication recommendation methods based on EMR, an important challenge is the lack of a large number of longitudinal EMR data with time correlation. Faced with this challenge, this paper proposes a new EMR-based medication recommendation model called MR-KPA, which combines knowledge-enhanced pre-training with the deep adversarial network to improve medication recommendation from both feature representation and the fine-tuning process. Firstly, a knowledge-enhanced pre-training visit model is proposed to realize domain knowledge-based external feature fusion and pre-training-based internal feature mining for improving the feature representation. Secondly, a medication recommendation model based on the deep adversarial network is developed to optimize the fine-tuning process of pre-training visit model and alleviate over-fitting of model caused by the task gap between pre-training and recommendation. Result: The experimental results on EMRs from medical and health institutions in Hainan Province, China show that the proposed MR-KPA model can effectively improve the accuracy of medication recommendation on small-scale longitudinal EMR data compared with existing representative methods. Conclusion: The advantages of the proposed MR-KPA are mainly attributed to knowledge enhancement based on ontology embedding, the pre-training visit model and adversarial training. Each of these three optimizations is very effective for improving the capability of medication recommendation on small-scale longitudinal EMR data, and the pre-training visit model has the most significant improvement effect. These three optimizations are also complementary, and their integration makes the proposed MR-KPA model achieve the best recommendation effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: As they are the primary meat goats of Hainan, how to safely and stably transport Hainan black goats through the perinatal period has become one of the major issues. Likewise, anthocyanin-rich Dioscorea alata L. is grown to some extent in Hainan but is wasted in great quantities. The aim of this paper is to explore the effect of Dioscorea alata L. anthocyanins (DAC) on the antioxidant capacity of perinatal Hainan black goats, as well as the possible mechanism on the effect of prior protection, thereby enhancing the reproductive ability of goats and developing characteristic forage resources. Our results indicated feeding a diet in which Dioscorea alata L. powder replaces 30% of corn can increase the antioxidant capacity of perinatal female goats and newborn kids. Furthermore, under H2O2 stress, the use of DAC to treat goat mammary epithelial cells (GMEC) may serve an effective pre-protective function. This will provide data to support the protection of perinatal black goat females and the development of specific food resources. (1) Background: The mammary glands of the perinatal goats are susceptible to reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to oxidative injury. Although Dioscorea alata L. is rich in anthocyanins with high safety and excellent free-radical-scavenging ability, the effect and mechanism of Dioscorea alata L. anthocyanins (DAC) on the antioxidant capacity of the black Hainan goat has been the subject of few studies to date; (2) Methods: For this reason, feeding experiments were performed by feeding experimental diets, and the pre-protective capacity of DAC on goat mammary epithelial cells was explored on the basis of the established model of H2O2 injury; (3) Results: As well as altering rumen fermentation parameters in perinatal female goats, dietary challenge also improves antioxidant capacity in their blood and milk. thereby enhancing children's antioxidant capacity and increasing their resistance to oxidative stress. However, we also found that DAC pretreatment was capable of activating both Nrf2 and MAPK/JNK pathways, which results in enhanced antioxidase activity and elimination of ROS; (4) Conclusions: Together, these findings suggest that DAC may have a pre-protective role on perinatal Hainan black goats through the regulation of Nrf2 and MAPK/JNK pathways in GMEC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Drift detection is one of the important detection modes in a digital ionosonde system. In this paper, a new data processing method is presented for boosting the automatic and high-quality drift measurement, which is helpful for long-term ionospheric observation, and has been successfully applied to the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Digital Ionosonde (CAS-DIS). Based on Doppler interferometry principle, this method can be successively divided into four constraint steps: extracting the stable echo data; restricting the ionospheric detection region; extracting the reliable reflection cluster, including Doppler filtering and coarse clustering analysis; and calculating the drift velocity. Ordinary wave (O-wave) data extraction, complementary code pulse compression and other data preprocessing techniques are used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of echo data. For the purpose of eliminating multiple echoes, the ionospheric region is determined by combining the optimal height range and detection frequencies obtained from the ionogram. Successively, Doppler filtering and coarse clustering analysis extract reliable reflection clusters. Finally, the weighting factor is brought in, and then weighted least-squares (WLS) is used to fit the drift velocity. The entire data processing process can be implemented automatically without constantly changing parameter settings due to changes in external conditions. This is the first time coarse clustering analysis has been used to extract the paracentral reflection cluster to eliminate scattered reflection points and outer reflection clusters, which further reduces the impacts of external conditions on parameter settings and improves the ability of automatic drift measurement. Compared with the previous method possessed by Digisonde Protable Sounder 4D (DPS4D), the new method can achieve comparable drift detection precision and results even with fewer reflection points. In 2021–2022, several experiments on F region drift detection were carried out in Hainan, China. Results indicate that drift velocities fitted by the new method have diurnal variation and change more gently; the trends of drift velocities fitted by the new method and the previous method are semblable; and this new method can be widely applied to digital ionosondes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep learning methods have been widely studied for Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) land cover classification. The scarcity of PolSAR labeled samples and the small receptive field of the model limit the performance of deep learning methods for land cover classification. In this paper, a vision Transformer (ViT)-based classification method is proposed. The ViT structure can extract features from the global range of images based on a self-attention block. The powerful feature representation capability of the model is equivalent to a flexible receptive field, which is suitable for PolSAR image classification at different resolutions. In addition, because of the lack of labeled data, the Mask Autoencoder method is used to pre-train the proposed model with unlabeled data. Experiments are carried out on the Flevoland dataset acquired by NASA/JPL AIRSAR and the Hainan dataset acquired by the Aerial Remote Sensing System of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The experimental results on both datasets demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: By introducing the method of deep learning, the precise segmentation of the aquaculture cages in a specific aquaculture sea area can be achieved, so as to realize the efficient statistics of the cage culture density and reduce the cost of manual statistics. In harbour areas, the irrational layout and high density of mariculture cages can lead to a dramatic deterioration of the culture's ecology. Therefore, it is important to analyze and regulate the distribution of cages using intelligent analysis based on deep learning. We propose a remote sensing image segmentation method based on the Swin Transformer and ensemble learning strategy. Firstly, we collect multiple remote sensing images of cages and annotate them, while using data expansion techniques to construct a remote sensing image dataset of mariculture cages. Secondly, the Swin Transformer is used as the backbone network to extract the remote sensing image features of cages. A strategy of alternating the local attention module and the global attention module is used for model training, which has the benefit of reducing the attention computation while exchanging global information. Then, the ensemble learning strategy is used to improve the accuracy of remote sensing cage segmentation. We carry out quantitative and qualitative analyses of remote sensing image segmentation of cages at the ports of Li'an, Xincun and Potou in Hainan Province, China. The results show that our proposed segmentation scheme has significant performance improvement compared to other models. In particular, the mIoU reaches 82.34% and pixel accuracy reaches 99.71%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a new real-time optimal mileage based dispatch (OMD) algorithm for a generating company (GenCo) responding to the automatic generation control (AGC) dispatch signals in real time in context of a performance-based frequency regulation market. Distinguished from traditional methods, the proposed method innovatively incorporates the mileage based regulation service compensation criterion in dispatching multiple units to maximize the Genco's total profit. In addition, the proposed method adopts the model predictive control (MPC) framework to effectively address the real-time OMD given dynamic variations of AGC signals between adjacent dispatch intervals to further improve GenCo's profit. The effectiveness of the proposed method is thoroughly tested using the Hainan power grid as part of China Southern Power Grid (CSG) considering various operation scenarios, where a performance-based frequency regulation market is under implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anxiety arising from workplace bullying is a key concern for job performance. Anxiety can explain the effects of workplace bullying: individuals may seek to deal with their anxiety by applying specific behaviors. However, anxiety research does not carefully distinguish between state anxiety and trait anxiety, and so the impact of anxiety in general has been seen as complex and contradictory. Individuals may respond to bullying and anxiety through "passive resistance" or by "swallowing the insult." However, under what circumstances do individuals choose between these options? This paper summarizes the mechanisms of state anxiety and trait anxiety and uses cognitive balance theory to measure loss of self-control and the strategic choices. A moderated mediation model is presented for the relationship between workplace bullying and job performance using key variables of state anxiety and trait anxiety. Employee-supervisor pairs from 20 organizations and institutions from Tianjin, Jiangsu, and Hainan participated in a two-point longitudinal survey in 2019, 82.67% effective. Analysis verified that trait anxiety is the decisive perspective for choosing between "passive resistance" and "swallowing the insult." This provides theoretical and practical contributions to psychology and organizational behavior research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Penglai sapphires are mainly hosted in alkaline basalts and derived in alluvial sediments. Previous studies have investigated the formation of the Penglai sapphires; however, the genesis of color zoning remains ambiguous. In this paper, we report spectral and chemical composition data of sapphires using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and laser-ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS). The results show that the Penglai sapphire has a magmatic origin, mostly showing various shapes of incomplete girdles, barrels, and flakes. The content of Ti in rims is higher than in cores of color-banded sapphire, which results from ubiquitous Ti-bearing inclusions within grown bands. The main chromophore of the deep-blue core is Fe2+-Ti4+, which pairs with Fe3+-Fe3+, Cr3+, and V3+ in the core, likely producing purple-hued blue in an oxidizing environment. The yellowish-brown rim is due to Fe3+ and Cr3+ in a reduced environment. Compared with the basaltic sapphires worldwide, the Fe content is moderately higher than those of most Asian sapphires but obviously lower than those of Changle sapphires in Shandong, China, and overlaps with those of African sapphires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data visualization is in a process of constant change, the edge is constantly expanding, and information can be conveyed with the help of graphic technology. This article aims to study the Hainan port logistics supply chain and its flexible operation mechanism of digital visualization remote control and hopes that through the blessing of remote control technology, the port's ability to deal with the external environment will be improved. Based on the theory of logistics service availability of supply line flexibility, this paper constructs the evaluation of Hainan port logistics service supply chain flexibility; logistics flexibility refers to the ability of an enterprise to respond quickly and effectively to changes in customer demand for transportation, delivery, and services. Logistics flexibility includes four important elements: logistics supply flexibility, procurement flexibility, distribution flexibility, and demand management flexibility. Using the concept of two-level planning to build a port collection and distribution network optimization model in the supply chain environment and analyze related examples to find the best route for port transportation, the attributes related to port flexibility are selected from the perspectives of strategic flexibility, system flexibility, service provider flexibility, and organizational flexibility. The test outcomes of this document show the radiation capacity of Haikou port is relatively strong, the proportion of people who think it is excellent is 60%, and the proportion of people who think that the radiation ability of Haikou Port is good is 20%. Haikou Port has a good resource utilization capacity; 70% think its resource utilization rate is good, and 20% think its resource utilization is very good. Haikou Port's response capability is relatively average compared to Kia's capability, and even 10% of people think that Haikou Port's response capability is very average, so Haikou Port needs to strengthen training for port response capabilities. According to the operating flexibility data, the informatization development of Haikou Port is showing a good level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper was aimed at providing a perspective on the assessment of land-use dominant transition. Based on the transfer matrix of land-use type, the dynamic degree of dominant morphology transition was measured, and an active degree index was proposed. The spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics were assessed and analyzed by land use change characteristics in different phases. Our assessment resulted in three types of spatiotemporal differentiation of Hainan Province in China. The whole island can be divided into three regions with two parallel lines at 45° based on spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics. The "slow-type" was distributed in four eastern counties (cities), "steady-type" was distributed in 13 central and western counties (cities), and the "active-type" was distributed in four central counties (cities). Over three phases, namely 2010–2011, 2012–2015, and 2015–2018, four levels of spatiotemporal differentiation of the 21 counties (cities) were assessed, and they were relatively stable, leaping, declining, and unstable. Areas of new construction and fixed assets investments consumed by increased construction land were the positive factors of land-use dominant transition, while output values of secondary industries and area of industrial-mining per capita were the negative factors. Based on these results, a more informative examination of LULC was proposed, and all resulting land management policies will be more targeted and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seagrass is an important structural and functional component of the global marine ecosystem and is of high value for its ecological services. This paper took Xincun Bay (including Xincun Harbor and Li'an Harbor) of Hainan Province as the study area, combined ground truth data, and adopted two methods to map seagrass in 2020 using Chinese GF2 satellite images: maximum-likelihood and object-oriented classification. Sentinel-2 images from 2016 to 2020 were used to extract information on seagrass distribution changes. The following conclusions were obtained. (1) Based on GF2 imagery, both the classical maximum likelihood classification (MLC) method and the object-based image analysis (OBIA) method can effectively extract seagrass information, and OBIA can also portray the overall condition of seagrass patches. (2) The total seagrass area in the study area in 2020 was about 395 hectares, most of which was distributed in Xincun Harbor. The southern coast of Xincun Harbor is an important area where seagrass is concentrated over about 228 hectares in a strip-like continuous distribution along the coastline. (3) The distribution of seagrasses in the study area showed a significant decaying trend from 2016 to 2020. The total area of seagrass decreased by 79.224 ha during the five years from 2016 to 2020, with a decay rate of 16.458%. This study is the first on the comprehensive monitoring of seagrass in Xincun Bay using satellite remote sensing images, and comprises the first use of GF2 data in seagrass research, aiming to provide a reference for remote sensing monitoring of seagrass in the South China Sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hainan Island is a key part of the eastern Tethyan region and contains detailed geological information that can enhance our understanding of the tectonic evolution of this region since the late Palaeozoic. In this paper, we report geochronological, geochemical, and Sr–Nd isotopic data for granitoids from Baomei and Chahe in the northern part of Hainan Island. Three new zircon U–Pb ages of 243.3 ± 1.7 Ma, 237.1 ± 5.1 Ma, and 257.0 ± 4.0 Ma were obtained for these granitoids. The late Permian Chahe granite (257 Ma) is weakly peraluminous to peraluminous, and has rare earth element patterns and Ga/Al and FeOT/MgO ratios typical of A‐type granites formed in an extensional tectonic setting. The Middle Triassic Baomei granitoids (243–237 Ma) are weakly peraluminous, and exhibit a negative correlation between P2O5 and SiO2, which is typical of I‐type granites. All the granitoids have EM II‐type‐enriched mantle Sr–Nd isotopic compositions, which indicate that they were derived from a mantle source that had experienced enrichment and metasomatism. Hainan Island was in an extensional tectonic setting from the late Permian to Middle Triassic when widespread A‐ and I‐type granites were generated. We speculate that Hainan Island was mainly affected by the Tethyan tectonic domain during the Permian–Triassic, which involved closure of the Palaeo‐Tethys Ocean, collision of the Indochina and South China blocks, and subsequent post‐collisional extension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural disaster response and assessment are key elements of natural hazard monitoring and risk management. Currently, the existing systems are not able to meet the specific needs of many regional stakeholders worldwide; traditional approaches with field surveys are labor-intensive, time-consuming, and expensive, especially for severe disasters that affect a large geographic area. Recent studies have demonstrated that Earth observation (EO) data and technologies provide powerful support for the natural disaster emergency response. However, challenges still exist in support of the entire disaster lifecycle—preparedness, response, and recovery—which build the gaps between the disaster Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) already-in-place requirements and the EO capabilities. In order to tackle some of the above challenges, this paper demonstrates how to facilitate typhoon-triggered flood disaster-ready information delivery using an SDI services approach, and proposes a web-based remote sensing disaster decision support system to facilitate natural disaster response and impact assessment, which implements on-demand disaster resource acquisition, on-the-fly analysis, automatic thematic mapping, and decision report release. The system has been implemented with open specifications to facilitate interoperability. The typhoons and floods in Hainan Province, China, are used as typical scenarios to verify the system's applicability and effectiveness. The system improves the automation level of the natural disaster emergency response service, and provides technical support for regional remote-sensing-based disaster mitigation in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The comparison of chloroplast genome (cpDNA) sequences among different plant species is an important source of plant molecular phylogenetic data. In this paper, the cpDNA sequences of 13 different oil-tea camellia samples were compared to identify an undetermined oil-tea camellia species from Hainan Province. The cpDNA of the samples was sequenced and resequenced, and divergence hotspots and simple sequence repeat (SSR) variations were analyzed. Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the full cpDNA sequences. The cpDNA sequences were 156512∼157089 bp in length and had the circular tetrad structure typical of angiosperms. The inverted repeats (IRs) of different species included varying contractions and expansions. The cpDNA sequences of the samples of the undetermined species of oil-tea camellia from Hainan Province and Camellia gauchowensis from Xuwen County were identical. In total, 136 genes were annotated, including 91 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 37 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. The GC content of the cpDNA was 37.3%. The small single-copy (SSC)/IR boundary was rich in variation. Divergence hotspots were mainly located in the intergenic space (IGS) and coding sequences (CDSs), and there were obvious differences in divergence hotspots among species. The same divergence hotspots were found in Camellia vietnamensis , Camellia gauchowensis and the undetermined species of oil-tea camellia from Hainan Province. A total of 191∼198 SSR loci were detected. Most of the SSRs included A or T, and the distribution of SSRs in the cpDNA was uneven. Different species shared common SSRs and exhibited unique SSRs. Based on the full cpDNA sequences, the evolutionary relationships of different species of Camellia were well identified. The thirteen samples were classified into 2 clades and 6 subclades, and the different sections of Camellia clustered on the same branch in 2 clades and 2 subclades. Camellia vietnamensis was more closely related to the undetermined species of oil-tea camellia from Hainan Province and the sample of Camellia gauchowensis from Xuwen County than to the sample of Camellia gauchowensis from Luchuan County. Camellia osmantha was closely related to Camellia gauchowensis and Camellia vietnamensis. In conclusion, the cpDNA of different oil-tea camellia species has a conserved tetrad structure with certain length polymorphisms. SSRs are expected to be developed as "barcodes" or "identity cards" for species identification. SSR variations and other factors result in abundant divergence hotspots in the CDSs and IGS (one non-CDS region), indicating that full cpDNA sequences can be used for the species identification and phylogenetic analysis of Camellia. Accordingly, the undetermined species of oil-tea camellia from Hainan Province is likely Camellia vietnamensis , Camellia vietnamensis and Camellia gauchowensis may be the same species, and additional genetic evidence is needed to determine whether Camellia osmantha is a new independent species. The previous division of related sections of Camellia may need readjustment based on full cpDNA sequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past decade, the development of high-speed railways in China has gained worldwide attention. With the speeding up of the running train, the coupling vibration of the train-bridge system is aggravated, especially for railways built in a soft soil environment. In this paper, the dynamic features of the train-bridge system when considering and failing to consider pilesoil interaction are investigated, i.e., the "train-bridge-pier-pile-soil" (TBPPS) and "train-bridge-pier" (TBP) models. The study is based on a practical high-speed railway project in Hainan Province, where a 32 m span simply-supported box girder bridge with a four-shaft locomotive using two-system suspension model is studied. Results indicate that the natural frequency of the bridge is obviously reduced when the pile-soil interaction is considered, and the vertical vibration frequency of the bridge girder is increased from 4.87 Hz to 5.46 Hz. Moreover, the resonance speed is 500 km/h both for TBP and TBPPS. The results of bridge dynamic load factors, wheel load reduction rates, and train vibration acceleration are significantly different for TBP and TBPPS, and it is not safe if the pile-soil interaction is not considered. Therefore, it is recommended that the pile-soil interaction is extremely important for the train-bridge system when evaluating the safety and smoothness of train running. If the pile-soil interaction is not involved, the derivation will be significantly large. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional settlements are widely concerned by academic circles for their unique settlement patterns, exquisite residential buildings, and rich historical and cultural connotations, and their protection and development is an important proposition for rural revitalization. Therefore, from the perspective of big data mining (BDM), this paper explores its application in architectural space and settlement protection of traditional settlements in Hainan and provides new ideas for the protection and renewal of traditional settlements in Hainan. The attribute elements of spatial data of settlement groups are analyzed by the decision tree classification mining method. In order to avoid the multivalued tendency of ID3 algorithm and improve the efficiency of decision tree generation by ID3 algorithm, an improved ID3 algorithm is proposed by introducing user interest and simplifying the calculation process of the algorithm. At the same time, the graph theory recognition method of grid pattern is proposed. Aiming at the intersection graph and direction relation graph of straight line pattern, grid pattern recognition is realized by solving the connectivity, intersection, and subsequent construction of the maximum complete subgraph. Experiments show that the improved ID3 algorithm has better running efficiency than the parallel algorithm based on cooccurrence matrix. The analysis of the architectural space of traditional settlements in Hainan will help us better grasp social activities and provide direction for the protection and renewal of traditional settlements from the perspective of tourists and residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nearly three decades ago two new species belonging to the genus Paratrichius Janson, 1881 were described from Hainan Island (SW China): Paratrichius papilionaceus Ma, 1990 and P. rufescens Ma, 1990. The present paper increases the number of Paratrichius species known from Hainan Island to four, with the description of a new species (P. pilosus Ricchiardi and Lu, n. sp.), and a new regional record for P. elegantulus (Moser, 1902), thus far known from N Indochina and continental SW China only. Additionally, Paratrichius papilionaceus Ma, 1990 is here proposed as junior synonym of Paratrichius marmoreus (Moser, 1902), described from northern Vietnam (n. syn.), and Paratrichius brevifolius Kobayashi and Fujioka, 2013, described from northern Vietnam, is here proposed as junior synonym of the above cited Paratrichius elegantulus (Moser, 1902) (n. syn.). Among the four Paratrichius species now listed from Hainan, two (P. pilous and P. rufescens) are very likely endemic to the island's highlands, while other two inhabit the highlands of northern Vietnam, too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lepidodactylus lugubris is known from tropical Asia, Oceania, and Latin America, but in China it was previously known only from Taiwan Island. In this paper, we report a new herpetofaunal record based on one specimen collected from Wanning, Hainan, China, which conforms to L. lugubris on both morphological and molecular data. Our finding brings the total species of the family Gekkonidae in Hainan to six. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The governments need beforehand to perceive the innovative relationship risk because they are one of the innovation subjects in those industry collaborative innovation alliances. However, it is difficult for innovation subjects to quantify the risks for industry collaborative innovation alliances due to the complexity, nonlinear, and dynamic condition. This paper firstly constructs an ordered logistic model, uses the following as independent variables: the collaborative degree, the ratio of science technology expenditure to GDP, the ratio of education expenditure to GDP, the ratio of finances to GDP, and uses the levels of risk as the dependent variable. Then, this paper uses the panel data of 30 provinces in China (Hainan is not included) from 2010 to 2018 to fit the model. Based on the fitting results, the research has gained the relationship risk prewarning model in industry collaborative innovation alliances by using the collaborative degree as an independent variable. The governments at all levels can use this relationship risk prewarning model to percept risk levels and reckon the corresponding probability which exists in industry collaborative innovation alliances. Furthermore, there are regional influences existing in the prewarning relationship risk levels in industry collaborative alliances. The east and middle areas have significant regional influence, but it does not exist among west areas and others. The governments at all levels may consider the regional differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Li Z. and Zhu S. 2018. Why there are so many drowning accidents happened at Dadonghai Beach, Hainan, China: Beach morphodynamic analysis. In: Shim, J.-S.; Chun, I., and Lim, H.S. (eds.), Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2018 (Busan, Republic of Korea). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 85, pp. 741–745. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Dadonghai Beach is one of the most popular seaside tourism areas in the tropical zone of China, attracting a large number of tourists from across the world. In the last 10 years, hundreds of beach drowning accidents occurred at Dadonghai Beach. In this paper, a beach safety evaluation model is established based on the beach morphodynamic state model proposed by Masselink and Short (1993). This paper suggests that the low tide bar/rip and barred beaches have the maximum occurrence probability of rip current, presenting the most hazards for swimmers at beaches. Barred dissipative beaches and low tide terrace with rips beaches have medium risk of rip current. Low tide terrace without rips, non-barred dissipative, ultra-dissipative and reflective beaches have a low probability of rip current occurrence. This present model is specially used to evaluate the beach rip currents risk at Dadonghai Beach. Results show that the monthly average beach states of Dadonghai Beach are low tide bar/rip or barred beach states from January to October. In November and December, the beach shows ultra-dissipative states. The Dadonghai Beach has a high probability of rip current occurrence, which accords with the local life-saving records. Owing to a complete absence of rip current hazard awareness and lack of proper risk management strategies towards rip current, numerous beach drowning accidents had taken place at Dadonghai Beach every year. The beach safety evaluation model proposed in this paper can provide a guideline for the beach safety evaluation and bathing beach management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper revealed the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of Chinese marine environmental quality and driving factors during 2003–2021. [Display omitted] • Spatial distribution: South China Sea > East China Sea > Yellow Sea > Bohai Sea. • Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian and Hainan maintain high-pollution-low-investment model. • Jiangsu maintains low-pollution-low-investment model. • Typical correlation between Environmental Quality and Socioeconomic is 0.960. • GOP and Per Capita GDP show significant correlation with excellent water quality. As land and sea integration continues to accelerate, it will inevitably have an effect on the marine ecological environment. However, the study on spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of Chinese marine environmental quality and its driving factors was lacking. This paper employs Regression Analysis, Spearman Correlation Analysis, Canonical Correlation Analysis, Boston Consulting Group Matrix and Environmental Kuznets Curve to examine the spatial–temporal distribution characteristics and correlation factors of Chinese jurisdictional sea areas environmental quality. The environmental quality of the waters under China's jurisdiction improved on average from 2003 to 2021, the area of sea with excellent water quality increased by 7.21 × 104 km2. The spatial distribution showed "South superior, North inferior" trend. The accumulated red tide area is 2.01 × 105 km2, and the green tide has the average maximum area of distribution is 3.13 × 104 km2. The marine dumping area's volume of waste has a three stages of slow rise (2003–2007), steady (2008–2014) and rapid rise (2015–2021). The average percentage of seawater bathing areas with good water quality is 82.10 %. Urban Environmental Infrastructure Investment and Urban Drainage Construction Investments are positively correlated with excellent water quality and negatively correlated with light-sewage water quality. The typical correlation for the group "Environmental Quality/Environmental Governance" is 0.911, and the strongest correlation is between excellent water quality and urban drainage construction investment. The typical correlation coefficient for the "Environmental Quality/Socioeconomic" group is 0.960, and the strongest correlation is between excellent water quality and per capita GDP. The Gross Ocean Product, Per Capita GDP, Proportion of Non-agricultural Industries, Year-end Resident Population, and excellent water quality are positively correlated whereas light-sewage water quality is negatively correlated. Liaoning, Tianjin, Shandong and Guangdong shift from high-pollution-low-investment to low-pollution-low-investment model. Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian and Hainan maintain high-pollution-low-investment model, Hainan maintains high-pollution-high-investment model. Jiangsu maintains low-pollution-low-investment model. Hebei and Guangxi shift from low-pollution-low-investment to low-pollution-high-investment model. Liaoning, Hebei, Tianjin, Shandong, Guangxi and Shanghai show inverted "N" shape, Jiangsu shows positive "N" shape, Zhejiang and Fujian show monotonic decline shape, Guangdong and Hainan show positive "U" shape. The results could provide valuable suggestions for coastal provinces to accomplish economic development and environmental improvement, which to prevent the old way of "pollution first and treatment later". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]