1,310 results
Search Results
2. How smart is England’s approach to smart specialization? A policy paper.
- Author
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Marlow, David and Richardson, Kevin
- Subjects
- *
PUBLIC investments , *TECHNOLOGICAL innovations , *ECONOMIC development , *LEADERSHIP , *RURAL development , *REGIONAL planning , *ECONOMIC policy - Abstract
A previous paper on RIS3 assessed its potential to influence growth strategies and their delivery. It held that significant further investment work was needed in tools and techniques, data and intelligence, and innovation in leadership capacity and capabilities. It further asserted that such investment was needed to be part of a commitment to a long-run learning and evaluation process. This paper considers synergies and dissonances between these national approaches to development in England. In particular, it explores how far RIS represents a step change from previous approaches to innovation-led growth. Alternatively, is it more accurately an incremental facelift and rebranding of previous orthodoxies? Does it add value to or detract from national policy for England? What roles might the approach play in the so-called ‘devolution revolution’? Can the (small scale, ‘light touch’) Advisory Hub approach support and promote those roles? What, if anything, might the England experience have for other nations and regions of Europe? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Caring for soil life in the Anthropocene: The role of attentiveness in more‐than‐human ethics.
- Author
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Krzywoszynska, Anna
- Subjects
SOIL degradation ,SOILS ,PAPER arts ,ETHICS ,BIOTIC communities - Abstract
This paper considers the work that attentiveness can and can't do in generating more ethical relations with non‐humans. How to build better relations with non‐humans has been a central debate in geography and cognate disciplines. These concerns include ethical relations with non‐humans who both pervade and create liveable environments, such as soil biota. Scholars have specifically identified attentiveness as key in generating more‐than‐human ethics. However, how attentiveness may arise, and what work attentiveness may be able to do in generating ethical relations, has not been sufficiently explored. Additionally, soils as relational materialities remain underexplored in social sciences. In this paper, I address these two important gaps in scholarship. Investigating the rising concern with soil biota in conventional English farming, I propose the care network as a way of conceptualising and investigating the ethical potential of attentiveness. As concerns grow about soil degradation, and the dangers this is posing to food production and to human survival, land managers are attending to soil ecosystems as part of caring for their farm businesses. While this attentiveness is producing some transformative effects, its potential is limited by the configuration of the soil care network. As long as soil care is configured primarily as farmers' concern, the potential of attentiveness in generating ethical regard to the needs of soil biota will be limited. In the Conclusions, I suggest ways of expanding attentiveness to soils and of building a wider and practical relational ethic of soil care. I also argue we need more attention in geographic research to attentiveness and care as systemic, unequally distributed, and operating at multiple scales. Human life depends on the life of soil ecosystems. This paper draws attention to soils as underexplored in social sciences, and asks how we may form better ethical and practical relations with soil biota. In doing this, it shows the need for a more nuanced understanding of the work that attentiveness can do in generating more‐than‐human care ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Prediction and Reflection in Reading in a Foreign Language.
- Author
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Adamson, Donald
- Abstract
A technique for teaching skills in reading in a foreign language is based on the assumptions that the development of foreign-language reading skills is similar to the development of native-language reading skills, that the purpose of reading is to integrate new and existing knowledge, and that the reader's knowledge, opinions, or experience should be emphasized as much as the text content. The technique involves the use of pre-reading questions exploring the reader's opinions, questions accompanying the text that encourage evaluation of the opinions expressed in the text as it is read, and exercises that encourage the reader to predict what subsequent text will contain, a feature that is especially useful for teaching languages for scientific purposes. Use of the approach among science students in an English-medium faculty in a Middle East university, where traditional reading instruction was expected, required presenting the prediction exercises as a comprehension test and adjusting the technique based on the students' responses. The advantage to the use of prediction is that it allows an insight into the cognitive processes at work when a reader approaches a text, and it emphasizes the role of background knowledge and experience in comprehension. The immediate value of this type of work lies in the break it makes with established habits of looking at texts as completed artefacts, rather than as opportunities for mental interaction. The long-term value of predictive work has yet to be proven. (MSE)
- Published
- 1980
5. “Not a Cigarette Paper Between Us”: Integrated Inspection of Children's Services in England.
- Author
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Hudson, Bob
- Subjects
- *
CHILD services , *CHILD welfare , *SOCIAL work with children , *PUBLIC welfare , *SOCIAL services , *SOCIAL policy , *GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
Children's services in England are undergoing their most radical transformation since 1948 following the passage of the Children Act 2004. A key part of these changes is the legal requirement to have an Integrated Inspection Framework to assess the extent to which the new Children's Services Authorities have succeeded in meeting five key outcomes—being healthy, staying safe, enjoying and achieving, making a positive contribution and achieving economic well-being. To this end, up to ten national inspectorates have to coordinate their activities to a hitherto unparalleled extent. This article describes the nature and scale of the new remit and identifies a number of unresolved issues that could impede progress. It is argued that the policy has the hallmarks and accompanying limitations of a top–down exercise in policy formulation and implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
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6. Mental health service provision in England[This paper].
- Author
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Johnson, S., Zinkler, M., and Priebe, S.
- Subjects
- *
HEALTH services accessibility , *DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION , *CITIZEN participation in mental health services , *HEALTH care reform , *OUTREACH programs - Abstract
Objective: To describe mental health service provision for adults of working age in England. Method: Services in an inner London area are described so as to illustrate current patterns of service organization in England. National trends are then discussed. Results: Despite relatively low public expenditure, substantial progress has been made in deinstitutionalization and development of comprehensive community-based services. Persisting difficulties include high staff turnover, a minority of patients who do not engage with community services, user and carer dissatisfaction with emergency services, and social exclusion because of stigma. Recent government policy advocates resolving some of these problems using new service models such as assertive outreach and crisis teams. Conclusion: Closure of the large asylums has largely been accomplished. England is now entering a new phase in community service development, with a range of innovative developments aimed at resolving problems still encountered after the initial phases of integrated community service development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2001
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7. The quest for certainty: Introducing zoning into a discretionary system in England and the European experience.
- Author
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Dembski, Sebastian and O'Brien, Phil
- Subjects
CERTAINTY ,ZONING ,DECISION making ,NEGOTIATION - Abstract
Copyright of Raumforschung und Raumordnung is the property of Oekom Verlag GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
8. Seeing no net loss: Making nature offset-able.
- Author
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Carver, Louise
- Subjects
NET losses ,POLITICAL ecology ,CARTESIAN coordinates ,ECONOMIC sociology ,REAL estate development ,BIODIVERSITY ,CARBON offsetting - Abstract
Policies for biodiversity no net loss and net gain underwrite narratives for green growth through advancing reparative logics to ongoing habitat impacts. By enabling offsetting practices that risk accommodating rather than averting land change developments, net principles are said to resemble modes of 'accumulation by environmental restoration'. Biodiversity net principles are frequently depicted visually as a diagram of the mitigation hierarchy for communicational ease and have proliferated over recent decades despite little evidence for their ecological effectiveness. This paper combines economic sociology, visual media analysis of the net diagram and political ecology to account for the stabilisation of net principles in policy frameworks. It highlights the upstream imaginative work that this visual tool and its wider assemblages perform to support offsetting and habitat banking practices on the ground. The paper positions the NNL diagram as a conceptual and ideational technology. It traces the practices through which biodiversity is rationalised by the Cartesian coordinates of an XY schematic, and en-framed as a measure of numerical value on a vertical scale. The effect is to engender coherence to the idea of netting out differences in aggregate sums of biodiversity unit value, making nature conceptually offset-able. I develop this account through a history of the diagram as well as the broader processes that have shaped the policy and its arrival in English planning frameworks. Observers increasingly question how biodiversity offsetting and no net loss/ net gain have become so popular when their empirical foundations are so weak. This paper proposes that within the wider assemblages of actors, one answer is located in the potency and mobility of conceptual technologies such as diagrams of no net loss or net gain of biodiversity and the logic of balance-sheet accounting that is imbricated within the visual design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Learning and Teaching of Climate Change, Sustainability and Disaster Risk Reduction in Teacher Education in England and Japan.
- Author
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Kitagawa, Kaori
- Subjects
TEACHER educators ,TEACHER education ,GEOGRAPHY ,CLIMATE change education ,GEOGRAPHY teachers ,CLIMATE change ,SUSTAINABILITY - Abstract
This paper reports the study which explored the learning and teaching of the topics of climate change, sustainability and disaster risk reduction in secondary-level teacher education programs in England and Japan. Through interviewing teacher educators, the study particularly probed how teacher education programs used local knowledge and collaboration in discussing the above topics. Geography tends to be the main subject area for these global agendas, but its crammed curriculum is "an ongoing challenge" for teacher education. Some researchers demonstrate that university-based initial teacher education has "ignored" training teachers on how to implement environmental and sustainability education at schools. Besides, the inquiries into how initial teacher education equips geography teachers for the learning and teaching of disaster risk reduction are still scarce. This paper aims to fill this gap by bringing together the fields of geography education, climate change and sustainability education, disaster risk reduction education and initial teacher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Turning the Tide: A Vision Paper for multiple needs and exclusions.
- Author
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Page, Anna
- Subjects
COORDINATION (Human services) ,NEEDS assessment ,CHARITIES ,BASIC needs -- Social aspects ,EXTERNALITIES ,HOMELESSNESS - Abstract
Purpose - This article seeks to summarise the recent publication, Turning the Tide: A Vision Paper for multiple needs and exclusions by Revolving Doors and Making Every Adult Matter. It addresses the significant financial and social costs of society's failure to support the 60,000 adults facing multiple needs and exclusions in England today and how this damage can be prevented.Design/methodology/approach - In total, six qualitative evidence seminars and a series of individual meetings were held, with 60 stakeholders consulted. The paper draws on the expertise of member agencies, partners, and the members of Revolving Doors' service user forum who have direct experience of multiple needs and exclusions.Findings - People facing multiple needs and exclusions experience several problems simultaneusly, have ineffective contact with services and, as a result, live chaotic lives. They are a small group but impose disproportionate costs on themselves, families, communities and the public purse. The paper sets out the vision that in every local area people facing multiple needs are supported by effective coordinated services. It argues that to achieve this, a new approach is needed from national government. Five building blocks to achieving the vision are examined in detail.Originality/value - Drawing on a wide evidence base, the paper shows how politicians, local leaders, and commissioners can act to make coordinated services for people facing multiple needs and exclusions the norm. It is of relevance to service managers/providers who can act now to tackle multiple needs by building partnerships, taking proposals to commissioners, and supporting elected members to develop new approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. A Knowledge-Based Tutor for Music Composition. CITE Report No. 16.
- Author
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Open Univ., Walton, Bletchley, Bucks (England). Inst. of Educational Technology. and Holland, Simon
- Abstract
The work described here forms part of a project using models of musical ideas within an artificial intelligence and education framework whose goal is to encourage and facilitate music composition by novices. Formal knowledge of the domain (popular music) is too incomplete and fragmented to support a traditional expert-based tutor for precisely constrained tasks with clear-cut rules. Instead the proposed system will try to construct teaching plans on the basis of what novices can do, and equally importantly, what they like, in order to help them find paths to personally important goals. As well as an attempt to tackle the stringent demands of the particular domain, the research is an exploration of whether it is possible to tutor effectively with incomplete knowledge in a complex domain. A 20-item reference list is included. (Author/DB)
- Published
- 1987
12. Silencing the "other" Black Paper contributors.
- Author
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Limond, David
- Subjects
BRITISH education system ,CRITICISM ,TWENTIETH century ,PHILOSOPHY of education ,SOCIAL criticism ,PROGRESSIVE education ,HISTORY of education - Abstract
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to encourage re-reading and re-evaluation of a series of educational polemics published in the UK in the 1960s and 1970s, the Black Papers. These works proposed, for the most part, avowedly conservative views on education: condemning so-called "progressive" teaching methods and the re-organisation of secondary schools in the UK (especially England) into non-selective comprehensives. It is argued, however, that much said and written about the Black Papers since has concentrated only on selected "high profile" contributors, to the neglect of other contributors, often anonymous, whose comments were sometimes more measured/thoughtful. Design/methodology/approach - The work proceeds first by re-visiting the facts surrounding the writing of the Black Papers and their critical reception. It then analyses the nature of the contributors and describes selected essays not usually referred to when the Black Papers are discussed by historians and others. Findings - The work finds that the Black Papers are often infuriatingly and unhelpful polemical in nature but that much written about them since has concentrated only on selected contributors, ignoring others who were more measured. Originality/value - The work is perhaps the first critical re-reading of the Black Papers in any depth in several decades. It does not simply dismiss them as hysterical rants by ill-informed authors and suggests that they re-pay careful attention, despite their often polemical nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Graduates' responses to student loan debt in England: "sort of like an acceptance, but with anxiety attached".
- Author
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Callender, Claire and Davis, Susila
- Subjects
STUDENT loan debt ,UNDERGRADUATES ,ANXIETY ,VIOLENCE ,GOVERNMENT aid to higher education - Abstract
In 2020–2021, 94% of undergraduates in England took out government-backed loans to fund their higher education. The growing and widespread use of student loans in England, mounting student debt, and governments' increasing dependence on tuition fees underwritten by loans to finance public higher education raise important questions which this paper seeks to address. Specifically, the paper asks how do graduates respond to student loan debt and what does this tells us about the nature of the relationship between the graduate debtor and the state lender? We also question the usefulness of symbolic violence as a sociological lens to better understand graduates' different patterns of responses and reactions to student loan debt and their relationship with the state lender. Our analysis draws on 98 in-depth qualitative interviews conducted with English graduates between 2020 and 2021. We conclude that a more comprehensive explanation requires an exploration of both symbolic violence and structural violence and a re-appraisal of the word 'violence' to better represent the wide range of graduates' responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. A qualitative evaluation of the national rollout of a diabetes prevention programme in England.
- Author
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Brunton, Lisa, Soiland-Reyes, Claudia, and Wilson, Paul
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic ,TYPE 2 diabetes ,BLOOD sugar ,PREVENTION ,DIABETES ,WEIGHT loss - Abstract
Background: The National Health Service Diabetes Prevention Programme (NHS DPP) was commissioned by NHS England in 2016 and rolled out in three 'waves' across the whole of England. It aims to help people with raised blood glucose levels reduce their risk of developing type 2 diabetes through behaviour change techniques (e.g., weight loss, dietary changes and exercise). An independent, longitudinal, mixed methods evaluation of the NHS DPP was undertaken. We report the findings from the implementation work package: a qualitative interview study with designated local leads, responsible for the local commissioning and implementation of the programme. The aim of the study was to explore how local implementation processes were enacted and adapted over time. Methods: We conducted a telephone interview study across two time-points. Twenty-four semi-structured interviews with local leads across 19 sampled case sites were undertaken between October 2019 and January 2020 and 13 interviews with local leads across 13 sampled case sites were conducted between July 2020 and August 2020. Interviews aimed to reflect on the experience of implementation and explore how things changed over time. Results: We identified four overarching themes to show how implementation was locally enacted and adapted across the sampled case sites: 1. Adapting to provider change; 2. Identification and referral; 3. Enhancing uptake in underserved populations; and 4. Digital and remote service options. Conclusion: This paper reports how designated local leads, responsible for local implementation of the NHS DPP, adapted implementation efforts over the course of a changing national diabetes prevention programme, including how local leads adapted implementation during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper highlights three main factors that influence implementation: the importance of facilitation, the ability (or not) to tailor interventions to local needs and the role of context in implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Beyond Public Health, Beyond Spatial Planning Boundary-Spanning Policy Regime of Urban Health in England.
- Author
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KOKSAL, CAGLAR and WONG, CECILIA
- Subjects
URBAN policy ,PUBLIC health ,URBAN health ,HEALTH policy - Abstract
In this paper we argue that to tackle complex issues such as urban health, there is a need not only of understanding the limitation of different policy subsystems, but also of the interplay of the ideas, interests, and institutional arrangements that underpin cross-boundary challenges. This paper unpacks the dynamics of policymaking between public health and spatial planning by adopting boundary-spanning policy regime theory to trace the alignment and divergence of urban health issues across the two policy subsystems in England. Greater Manchester, heralded as an exemplar of collaborative governance in England, is used as a case study to test the strength of and tensions within the urban health policy regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
16. The Role of the Family and Women Under Contemporary Urbanism.
- Author
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Mackenzie, Suzanne and Seymour, Lee
- Abstract
This paper examines how selected aspects of contemporary urban environment influence the form and function of the family and the position of women within the family and within society. The study was undertaken within the framework of Marxian analysis and with a specific focus on how advanced industrial capitalism perpetuates the family in its present form. The hypothesis is that the positions of the family and of women have changed fundamentally since the capitalist mode of production brought about a spatial and functional separation between domestic and industrial activities. Specific indications of this separation include that the means of making a livelihood passed from the hands of the family into the hands of the capitalist class, women were left with only the responsibility for the domestic sphere, women and children were drafted as cheap labor and kept in unskilled positions, women became financially dependent on men, and the family unit became peripheral to commodity production. Review of socialization, historical, and political-economics literature indicates that, in addition to these historical influences, several other phenomena have contributed to the position of the family and of women in modern urban societies. Among these phenomena are sprawling urban housing patterns (which encourage individualized and spatially isolated family units and artificial stimulation of consumption), the perpetuation of this isolated family function in accordance with the long term nature of housing resources, and capitalism's inherent necessity for growth in the form of more consumption units structured along these same lines. Additional research is suggested on the role of women in the family under capitalism in the contemporary urban environment. (DB)
- Published
- 1976
17. Findings from the Making Every Adult Matter (MEAM) service pilots: a summary paper.
- Author
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Battrick, Tim, Hilbery, Oliver, and Holloway, Sue
- Subjects
COST control ,DUAL diagnosis ,HEALTH services accessibility ,HOMELESSNESS ,HOUSING ,MEDICAL needs assessment ,MEDICAL care research ,REHABILITATION of people with mental illness ,QUALITY of life ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,SUBSTANCE abuse treatment ,CRIMINALS with mental illness ,PILOT projects ,QUANTITATIVE research ,EVALUATION research - Abstract
Purpose – During 2011, the Making Every Adult Matter (MEAM) coalition supported three pilots to better coordinate existing local services for people facing multiple needs and exclusions. These individuals experience a combination of problems such as homelessness, substance misuse, mental health problems and offending. Many face difficulties consistent with dual diagnosis in its broadest sense. The purpose of this paper is to summarise the evaluation of the pilots, undertaken by FTI Consulting/Compass Lexecon in partnership with Pro Bono Economics. Design/methodology/approach – The evaluation examined the three pilots, which took place in Cambridgeshire, Derby and Somerset in England. The study looked at two main effects as individuals engaged with better coordinated services: changes in wellbeing and, changes in the use and cost of wider local services. Primary wellbeing data were collected from clients and primary service use data were collected directly from relevant local agencies (police, health, housing etc). The study followed 39 individuals across the pilot sites. The average period between initial and final measurements was nine months.Findings – The findings show significant improvements in wellbeing for nearly all clients across three quantitative measures. The evaluation also recorded changes in the use and cost of local services. Some costs decreased in the first year of the pilot, for example, criminal justice costs in the Cambridgeshire and Somerset pilot areas. Other costs increased in the first year as people accessed the help they needed. In Cambridgeshire, the reduction in crime costs (£100,000 or 31 percent) was large enough to lead to an overall cost reduction. The total cost of service use in the first year increased in the other two areas. Originality/value – Collecting primary data on clients' actual service use directly from local agencies provides a strong methodological base. The evaluation will continue for a further year to examine the longitudinal impact of the pilots. The evaluation findings are of relevance to service providers, commissioners and policy makers interested in improving services for people facing multiple needs and exclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Principles for delivering transformative co‐design methodologies with multiple stakeholders for achieving nature recovery in England.
- Author
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Barkley, Lucy, Chivers, Charlotte‐Anne, Short, Chris, and Bloxham, Hannah
- Subjects
- *
POWER (Social sciences) , *PARTICIPANT observation , *LAND management , *EMPLOYEE participation in management , *HOPE - Abstract
Achieving successful multi‐stakeholder collaboration for sustainable outcomes is complex. This paper provides key principles for future co‐design projects aimed at fostering an inclusive approach to research. These have been developed based on a novel methodology that co‐designed the essential components of a long‐term, collaborative agreement for a nature recovery scheme in England. Using an assortment of iterative, deliberative participatory methods, this research engaged a wide variety of stakeholders to produce a template agreement for an agri‐environmental policy. We demonstrate that a flexible, highly reflective approach resulted in positive engagement with previously marginalised stakeholders. The approach also successfully navigated the unequal power dynamics seen both within and between groups. Finally, multiple feedback loops allowed participants to continually build on previous interactions as they developed and reviewed the agreement. By drawing out the complexities of the co‐design process, this paper explains how co‐design efforts can produce potentially transformative outputs. We hope that the principles introduced here offer a useful starting point for those planning to undertake multi‐stakeholder co‐design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. National identities among minority and ‘majority’ ethnic groups: evidence from the 2021 census in England and Wales.
- Author
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Bond, Ross
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL character , *CULTURAL pluralism , *MINORITIES , *SOCIAL classes , *CENSUS , *ETHNIC groups - Abstract
This paper employs data from the 2021 UK census to initially explore sub-state (English, Welsh) national identities among minority ethnic groups. This shows that these identities remain much more exclusive of people in minority groups than is a British identity, and that this exclusion is particularly marked with respect to English identity. The analysis then builds on this observation using similar data to examine English identification among the White British ‘majority’ in a ‘superdiverse’ city – London. Attributes which are typically shared by London boroughs in which identification as English deviates most from the national average, and multi-variable analysis which considers the ethnic structure of the borough in which an individual lives alongside other key factors (age, education, social class) suggest differences in identification between people living in boroughs that are characterised by more established and extensive ethnic diversity and those in boroughs transitioning from a previously more homogeneous (white) ethnic structure. In exploring how the articulation of a specific national identity might relate to ethnically-diverse or ‘superdiverse’ contexts, the paper uniquely contributes to recent research which calls for a stronger focus on how people who do not belong to migrant-minority groups might respond to living in such contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Dynamics of unmet need for social care in England.
- Author
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Vlachantoni, Athina, Evandrou, Maria, Falkingham, Jane, and Qin, Min
- Subjects
- *
ELDER care , *GOVERNMENT policy , *RESEARCH funding , *SOCIAL services , *LONGITUDINAL method , *CONCEPTUAL structures , *MEDICAL needs assessment - Abstract
Meeting individuals' social care needs is a core element of UK social policy. However, the conceptualisation and operationalisation of 'unmet need' remain a challenge. This paper advances our understanding by incorporating a temporal dimension into the conceptual framework on unmet need to investigate the dynamics of met and unmet need for social care over time. Using data from Waves 8 and 9 of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, this paper examines five possible trajectories among individuals with a social care need for bathing or dressing at baseline: (a) no longer having such a need; (b) having continued needs met; (c) delayed needs met; (d) newly arisen unmet needs; and (e) repeated unmet needs. The results indicate that amongst those with need at baseline, unmet need has decreased over time – indicating that some needs for social care may be fulfilled with a delay. However, a significant proportion of older people experienced repeated unmet needs, particularly those who were younger, with no spouse or civil partner, and those whose activities of daily living index scores worsened over time. Understanding the dynamics of unmet need can support policy makers in better ensuring that those facing an elevated risk of repeated unmet need over time do not fall through the social care safety net. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. On penguins on icebergs: the rural white paper and the assumptions of rural policy
- Author
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Hodge, Ian
- Subjects
POLITICAL science ,SPARSELY populated areas ,AGRICULTURE ,GOVERNMENT policy - Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Private equity and the regulation of financialised infrastructure: the case of Macquarie in Britain's water and energy networks.
- Author
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Bayliss, Kate, Van Waeyenberge, Elisa, and Bowles, Benjamin O. L.
- Subjects
INVESTORS ,INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) ,INDIVIDUAL investors ,PRIVATE equity funds ,ECONOMIES of scale ,INFRASTRUCTURE funds ,PRIVATE equity ,SMART power grids - Abstract
This paper explores the ways that private equity practices of financialised value extraction have migrated to the water sector in England. In line with the financialisation literature more broadly, we show how private equity investors have found innovative financial mechanisms for increasing investor returns that are unrelated to productive activity. The resulting financialised, highly-indebted corporate structures create costs and risks for utilities which raise concerns for social equity. The regulatory response to these financial innovations has been slow and had limited effect. The regulatory toolbox, governed by a narrative of competition, has consistently been biased towards investors and misses much of the scope of financialised corporate extraction. A review of the activities of a major private equity investor, Macquarie, active across numerous infrastructure sectors in the UK, illustrates the dynamic way in which infrastructure funds are moved across investments and sectors in ways that can escape regulatory processes and increase investor returns. The paper shows how the regulator is caught in an impossible bind in meeting the contradictory and contested interests of investors, end users and the state such that we question whether the socially equitable regulation of financialised infrastructure can ever be possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Edible Garden Cities: Rethinking Boundaries and Integrating Hedges into Scalable Urban Food Systems.
- Author
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Adams, David, Larkham, Peter J., and Hardman, Michael
- Subjects
URBANIZATION ,GARDEN cities ,ENVIRONMENTAL degradation ,HOUSING development ,LAND use - Abstract
Connecting to and extending recent debates around more-than-human thinking, this paper explores how porous boundary treatments and plot layouts might encourage ecological exchanges within new urban and peri-urban developments. This study therefore responds to suggestions for innovative plot designs that facilitate positive trans-species interactions, especially considering wider anxieties surrounding biodiversity loss and recognition of the need for climate-resilient garden spaces. Focusing on a recent example of a large-scale residential development in the English midlands, this paper outlines the socio-economic, cultural and ecological significance of embedding different hedgerow designs into early planning considerations; revealing the need to move beyond current models. The discussion then turns to how such ambitions might encourage sustainable land use, particularly through creating potentially scalable urban agricultural systems that sustain healthy food choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. The assetisation of housing: A macroeconomic resource.
- Author
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Stirling, Phoebe, Gallent, Nick, and Purves, Andrew
- Subjects
HOUSING policy ,BANKING industry ,HOUSING ,CONSUMPTION (Economics) - Abstract
The most significant episode in the assetisation of housing (underpinning its financialisation) is often understood to be the economic restructuring that took place during the 1980s – particularly deregulation of the banking sector and credit liberalisation. Research has reported on the housing 'investor subject' that emerged during this time, as an integral part of the transition towards financialised economies. This article provides new evidence about the housing consumer subject, and its place in this transition, by drilling into UK housing policy history and its discourses around the consumer relationship with housing. Using archive data from the Parliamentary and National Archives alongside interviews with key informers, we illustrate three cases of housing policy development in which the consumer demand for, and relationship with, housing is discursively reconditioned. We conclude that the housing investor subject was pursued in housing policy reform and its discourses well before the 1980s and the economic reforms commonly identified as the causes of financialisation. In addition, these discourses are found to have been reconditioned in order to align with broader macroeconomic policy concerns of the time. The article therefore provides a rare view of assetisation from within the state apparatus, revealing how housing policy and its discourses around consumption became functionally integrated within wider macroeconomic goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Primary teachers' experiences of neo-liberal education reform in England: 'Nothing is ever good enough'.
- Author
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Sturrock, Soo
- Subjects
PRIMARY school teachers ,MANAGERIALISM ,NEOLIBERALISM ,EDUCATIONAL leadership - Abstract
As the global neo-liberal reform movement in education continues to evolve, so does the simultaneous transfiguration of the profile and status of primary school teachers in England. Reform continues to delineate the aims and purpose of primary education in increasingly essentialist terms. This paper explores English primary school teachers' perceptions and experiences of teaching, and of being a teacher, in a period of considerable change. Extending the existing research literature about primary school teachers, it explores the progressively strategic nature of policy enactment and the tactics employed by teachers to manage conflicting demands. The paper draws upon rich qualitative data from two sets of interviews with 22 primary teachers employed in the South-East of England. Thematic analysis facilitated findings about teachers' encounters with, and responses to, neo-liberal policy reform, notably in relation to accountability and managerialism. The view that 'nothing is ever good enough' reflects recurrent data affirming the relationship between school leadership and teachers' demoralisation, as well as perceived reputational decline more broadly. Findings highlight the emergence of the primary practitioner as 'tactician', and of a particular brand of survivalism necessary for a context that acts to pedagogically and philosophically constrain the purpose of primary education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Can City Deals Improve Economic Performance? Evidence from England.
- Author
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Alonso, José M. and Andrews, Rhys
- Subjects
CITIES & towns ,ECONOMIC indicators ,JOB creation ,ECONOMIC expansion ,SUBURBANIZATION - Abstract
City deals – place-based agreements between central and local state actors – are an increasingly common intervention for supporting economic performance in urban areas. This paper presents empirical evidence on the effectiveness of city deals by estimating the impact of the UK's City Deals scheme on rates of economic growth, productivity and job creation across England between 2010 and 2019. Because the City Deals were introduced in two waves, we estimate its effects using a differences-in-differences (DiD) with multiple time periods (MTPs) approach. Our DiD estimates indicate that, overall, the City Deals were associated with improvements in local economic performance, but that the first wave of city deals resulted in gains of around 2.5% to 3% that were not observed in the second wave. These results suggest that city deals are most effective when appropriate institutional structures are in place and highlight the value of MTP approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Emancipatory archival methods: Exploring the historical geographies of disability.
- Author
-
Crawford, Laura
- Subjects
- *
HISTORICAL geography , *ARCHIVAL resources , *ETHICAL problems , *ARCHIVAL research , *RESEARCH ethics - Abstract
This paper focuses on the use of emancipatory research principles in archival research and contends with the suitability of academic conventions that characterise ethical practice when the research goal is to elevate the voices of marginalised historical groups. Drawing on a case study of Le Court Cheshire Home, England (1948–1975) to address a critical gap in the literature, I highlight some ethical dilemmas I encountered when working at the nexus of historical geography and geographies of disability. This paper demonstrates what an emancipatory research approach means for an archival study of disability, using examples to illustrate how ethical decisions impacted all stages of the research design and the write‐up of findings. I argue that ethics should not be envisaged solely as an approval process completed at the project's outset. Rather, the explorative nature of archival research necessitates that ethics should be an iterative undertaking, with archival sources having the potential to shape both the content and conduct of the research. The paper uses a case study of Le Court Cheshire Home to explore research ethics and the applicability of emancipatory research principles for an archival study of disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. What Are the Economic Arguments for Mandating LGBT+ Health Training for Healthcare Providers? An Economic Evaluation of the Impacts of LGBT+ Health Training on Cervical Screening.
- Author
-
Bashir, Saima, Whittaker, William, and Meads, Catherine
- Subjects
MEDICAL personnel ,ECONOMIC impact ,BISEXUAL women ,SEXUAL orientation ,MEDICAL care costs - Abstract
Background: Equitable access to healthcare is a priority of many healthcare systems, aiming to ensure access is driven by need and not minority groups such as those defined by sexual orientation. However, there are healthcare areas where inequity in access across sexual orientation groups is found that are not justified based on need. Mandated LGBTQ+-specific training of the healthcare workforce may help address some barriers of access for these groups. The study aims to understand the potential economic implications for mandated LGBTQ+-specific healthcare training on the healthcare system in England, UK to inform commissioning of training provision. Methods: Cervical cancer screening was used as an exemplar case where there appears to be inequity in access for different sexual orientation groups. A decision model was developed and analysed that considered the impacts of greater uptake of screening for lesbian and bisexual women due to LGBTQ+ training. Costs took the perspective of the healthcare system and outcomes modelled were cancer cases averted in a timeframe of 5 years. Results: Based on cervical cancer screening alone, where training costs are fully attributed to this service, training would likely result in fewer cancer cases detected in the lesbian and bisexual populations, though this comes at a modest increase in healthcare sector costs, with this increase largely reflecting a greater volume of screens. Training costs do not appear to be a major component of the cost implications. Conclusions: In resource-constrained systems with increasing pressures for efficiency savings, the opportunity cost of delivering training is a realistic component of the commissioning decision. The findings in this paper provide a signal that mandated LGBTQ+ training in healthcare could lead to potentially greater outcomes and in breaking down barriers of access and could also enable the healthcare system to provide more equitable access to healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Plugging the holes: Identifying potential avenues and limitations for furthering Dutch civil society contributions towards flood resilience.
- Author
-
Koers, Gerben J., Forrest, Steven A., and van Popering‐Verkerk, Jitske
- Subjects
CIVIL society ,CLIMATE change ,FLOOD risk ,FLOODS ,PLUG-in hybrid electric vehicles - Abstract
Climatic changes can cause unpredictability in flood regimes that traditional flood risk management (FRM) approaches may struggle with. Therefore, flood resilience is seen as a supplementation to these approaches, putting a larger emphasis on flood acceptance and minimising consequences. An (emergent) group contributing towards flood resilience is civil society. This paper examines how civil society contributions can be furthered and guided in the Netherlands as well as exploring potential limitations in doing so. To achieve this, England is used as a good practice example due to a more developed and defined role for civil society being present here. Data were collected on both actual (England and the Netherlands) and potential (The Netherlands) civil society contributions. These were compared to identify potential avenues for Dutch civil society contributions to flood resilience that can be further investigated. The research shows that the most promising avenues are improving advocacy from citizens, improving local flood awareness and developing relationships between FRM authorities and existing citizen groups that can be harnessed and mobilised to support flood resilience. Additionally, the research also provides insights into potential limitations for transferring resilience approaches from one context to another beyond the cases discussed in this publication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Teacher Development through Curriculum Development.
- Author
-
Roberts, Jonathan Roy
- Abstract
When the traditional opportunities for professional renewal do not seem adequate or appropriate to teachers of English as a second language (ESL), one means of professional development is self-initiated, naturalistic research in curriculum and instructional development. However, individual action research has the limitations of one person's time, resources, and perspective. Collaborative, self-evaluative research accomplished through a network of teachers can be more effective and allows for development in the areas of instructional evaluation, curriculum development, instructional innovation, and curriculum evaluation. The education of ESL teachers should include instruction in systematic experimentation and self-evaluation. Because of the limitations of professional conditions within a single school, mechanisms for interinstitutional networking should be developed among private sector teachers. Groups and schools interested in self-monitoring and development must acquire naturalistic research skills and use them systematically, while allowing research projects to begin modestly and to evolve according to local needs and circumstances. A paper on the "TIQL" teacher-based research project is appended. (MSE)
- Published
- 1986
31. Is strategic interaction among governments just a modern phenomenon? Evidence on welfare competition under Britain's 19th-century Poor Law.
- Author
-
Brueckner, Jan K.
- Subjects
NINETEENTH century ,LOCAL government - Abstract
Drawing on data from mid-19th century Britain, this paper studies strategic interaction among local governments in the choice of welfare benefits under the Poor Law, the local welfare system of the time. The paper exploits a national reform that reduced the length of residency required for welfare eligibility, which should have increased the incentive for welfare migration and thus led to both stronger strategic interaction and lower levels of equilibrium spending. The results show evidence of a positive but small degree of baseline interaction, suggesting that modern models of welfare competition may apply even in settings with relatively high migration costs. While the change in post-reform equilibrium spending is negative as predicted, the results show no evidence of stronger interaction after the reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. THE UPPER PERMIAN ZECHSTEIN SUPERGROUP OF NE ENGLAND AND THE ADJACENT SOUTHERN NORTH SEA: A REVIEW OF ITS ROLE IN THE UK'S ENERGY TRANSITION.
- Author
-
Fyfe, Laura‐Jane and Underhill, John R.
- Subjects
CARBON emissions ,ROBUST programming ,GAS storage ,POWER resources ,ENERGY storage - Abstract
As the United Kingdom reduces its CO2 emissions in order to meet its 2050 net zero greenhouse gas targets, there will be a significant evolution of the UK's energy mix. The reliance on hydrocarbons will decrease while there is predicted to be an increase in low carbon energy sources such as renewables and nuclear. In order to decarbonise and achieve the net zero emissions targets while concurrently producing enough energy to provide for national energy needs, large‐scale, low carbon energy generation projects need to be developed alongside energy storage facilities to provide flexibility within a low carbon energy supply. Robust CCUS programmes will need be developed in order to capture and store unavoidable carbon dioxide emissions. The subsurface geology of the UK provides opportunities for the development of low carbon energy generation, energy storage and CCS, and the Upper Permian Zechstein Supergroup deposited in eastern England and offshore in the Southern North Sea is a potential host for these new developments. In NE England, salt cavern gas storage sites have been developed in thick Zechstein evaporites since the mid 20th centrury. In this paper we present new isopach maps and well correlation panels which will help to outline optimal locations for the development of additional salt caverns for gas storage. A review of the Zechstein Supergroup indicates that it does not exhibit great potential for the development of CCS, due both to its complex reservoir characteristics and to difficulties with both subsurface imaging and monitoring. However thick Zechstein evaporites could provide an excellent seal for CO2 storage in the underlying Lower Permian Rotliegend Group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. RECONSTRUCTING THE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM FOR POST-16 STUDENTS: A COMPARISON OF THE APPROACHES IN ENGLAND AND BULGARIA.
- Author
-
Budgell, Phil
- Subjects
CURRICULUM change ,CURRICULUM frameworks ,CURRICULUM ,MATHEMATICS ,STUDENTS - Abstract
A major reform of the Mathematics curriculum was published in England in 2016, implemented in 2017 and examined in 2019. In Bulgaria, the analogous reform was published in 2018, will be implemented in 2020 and examined in 2022. This paper takes the framework developed by Budgell and Kunchev (2019) and seeks to interpret the new curricula in terms of the Students, the State and the Curriculum with an introduction to Assessment. In terms of the Curriculum, the paper examines, at the highest level, General and Specific Objectives; followed by Overarching Themes; then the Topics covered and finally the Detailed Content Statements for each topic. The paper concludes that the real differences between the teaching of Mathematics in England and Bulgaria lie not in the Mathematics itself but in the overall curriculum and assessment frameworks within which Mathematics is taught. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. From post‐political to authoritarian planning in England, a crisis of legitimacy.
- Author
-
Fearn, Gareth and Davoudi, Simin
- Subjects
SHALE gas ,AGONISM (Political science) ,OIL shales ,CONFLICT management ,HYDRAULIC fracturing - Abstract
This paper argues that the crisis of post‐politics has sparked an authoritarian turn in spatial planning in England. The proposed reform of the English planning system in 2020 is a defining moment, marking not only the failure of consensus‐seeking politics in governing dissents but also the rising authoritarian responses to fix it. This is manifest in the intensification of state control, strengthening of executive power, and decline of democratic institutions, with a shift of emphasis from techno‐managerial to executive‐punitive practices, and from seemingly consensual to openly antagonistic approaches. This drift to authoritarianism has been justified by invoking a "state of exception," whereby the established rules and procedures are displaced by the appeal to "exceptional" circumstances, such as emergencies, national securities, and global pandemics. We draw on a case study of shale gas "fracking" in England to show how authoritarianism has crept into planning processes through changes in legislation, reconfiguration of rules, rescaling of decision‐making, and shrinking of democratic spaces. We discuss the role of a "political moment" in the politicisation of fracking, arguing that the return of the political has engendered antagonistic and exclusionary practices, rather than the agonistic pluralism that planning scholars have called for. In managing planning conflicts, consent, compromise, and co‐option are increasingly complemented or replaced by discipline, control, and explicit exclusion. Instead of denying, neutralising, or suppressing antagonism by calling for consensus, authoritarian politics exaggerates it by establishing frontiers between legitimate and non‐legitimate voices of dissents. The paper concludes by emphasising that the authoritarian turn can only offer a contingent and fleeting solution to the failure of post‐political planning to deliver neoliberal pro‐growth goals. It cannot eradicate the crisis of legitimacy in planning, nor can it foreclose the political struggle for fixing its meaning and purpose. This paper argues that the crisis of post‐politics has sparked an authoritarian turn in spatial planning in England, and that the proposed reform of the English planning system in 2020 is a defining moment that marks the failure of consensus‐seeking politics in governing dissents and the rising authoritarian responses to fix it. We draw on a case study of shale gas "fracking" in England to show how authoritarianism has crept into planning processes through changes in legislation, reconfiguration of rules, rescaling of decision making, and shrinking of democratic spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. "It is coming home to Rome" – social engagement and creativity in reactions to England national football team losing Euro 2020.
- Author
-
Herd, Katarzyna
- Subjects
SOCCER teams ,NATIONAL sports teams ,SOCCER fans ,SOCIAL impact ,INTERNET users - Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this commentary paper is to analyze the burst of joy experienced by global football fans when England lost the final match during the Euro 2020 against Italy. Design/methodology/approach: The author worked with netnography (Internet ethnography), gathering material from the internet. Findings: The author would consider the emotional explosion as a creative expression that was possible to happen through football. Football is not only a part of popular culture, it also creates it. It acted as a platform allowing for emotional engagement and covering different issues connected to global politics. Research limitations/implications: It is just a small study based on very limited material (Internet sources). However, it highlights every-day use of Internet and the possible amplification of certain sentiments if allowed. Practical implications: Methodologically, it shows how Internet sources might be used when connected to football. It also provides an insight how Internet users can exchange opinions using sports (e.g. football) as a background. Social implications: This text highlights that football can be used as a platform do express/discuss difficult issues and that average citizens can be heard just because the platform is football. Originality/value: To the author's knowledge there is no academic text with this issue in focus yet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Uniting Teachers Through Critical Language Awareness: a Role for the Early Career Framework?
- Author
-
Spicksley, Kathryn and Kington, Alison
- Subjects
EDUCATION policy ,TEACHER retention ,CRITICAL literacy ,LANGUAGE awareness ,BEGINNING teachers - Abstract
In this paper, we make initial advances towards building an argument for the inclusion of Critical Literacy Awareness within the new Early Career Framework in England. Using illustrative examples from recent research projects, we argue that post-2010 education policy has discursively divided practitioners, structuring relationships between different groups of teachers in schools as hierarchical and competitive, rather than collegial and supportive. We argue that such hierarchies may be a contributing factor to the teacher retention crisis, given that research indicates teachers working in schools with a collegial culture are more likely to remain committed and motivated. We propose that engagement with CLA may enable early career teachers to critique and resist dominant discourses which differentiate and hierarchically divide them from their colleagues, and therefore, the utility of CLA should be explored within future iterations of the Early Career Framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Here, there, everywhere: The relational geographies of chemsex.
- Author
-
Di Feliciantonio, Cesare
- Subjects
- *
GAY men , *HUMAN sexuality , *SOCIAL scientists , *CITIES & towns , *GEOGRAPHY , *GEOGRAPHERS - Abstract
In recent years sexualised drug use, usually referred to as chemsex, has become the object of intense media health‐related panic and increasing academic scrutiny. Critical social scientists have challenged pathologising perspectives, analysing the socio‐cultural and political economy dimensions of chemsex. Against the silence of geographers in this emerging field, the paper develops a geographical relational analysis of chemsex, focusing on the experiences of gay men living with HIV in two Italian cities (Bologna; Milan) and Italian gay men living with HIV in three English cities (Leicester; London; Manchester). Demonstrating the constitutive role of place in the practice of chemsex, the paper frames place relationally, that is, as the encounter between here and there, the material and the virtual, imagined geographies and lived spaces. To emphasise the central role of place and geographical knowledge to understand chemsex, the paper builds on 'weak theory', as it conceives things as open, entangled, connected and in flux, while focusing on ordinary practices and heterogeneity in more‐than‐human worlds. Showing how chemsex represents an embodied, relational geographical encounter among different human and non‐human actors, places (both physical and digital), imaginations and desires, the paper highlights the role of sexual practices in the relational construction of place‐making, therefore calling for an increased engagement with sex itself within the field of geographies of sexualities. The paper introduces a relational geographical perspective to the analysis of chemsex. Demonstrating the constitutive role of place in the practice of chemsex, the paper frames place relationally, i.e. as the encounter between here and there, the material and the virtual, imagined geographies and lived spaces. The paper calls for an increased engagement with the materiality of sex within the field of geographies of sexualities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Space, race and identity: An ethnographic study of the Black hair care and beauty landscape and Black women's racial identity constructions in England.
- Subjects
RACE identity ,BLACK women ,IDENTITY (Psychology) ,HAIR care products ,BEAUTY shops ,PERSONAL beauty ,ETHNOLOGY - Abstract
Centering the identity‐related impact of spatial structures and physical environments in shaping the sense of being and belonging of people in the diaspora is a key decolonial feminist project for and within psychology. This paper presents an ethnographic study that combines observations at three Black hair salons in England with a total of 25 qualitative interviews with Black women (n = 18) and experts such as hairdressers (n = 7). The question this study seeks to answer is: ''How are Black women's racial identities constructed, structed and shaped by and through their interactions with and navigation of the Black hair care and beauty landscape in England?" This paper shows that participants reflected on the navigation of space as an identity‐relevant experience. Moreover, racial identity construction happens in place through encounters and socio‐spatial interactions and Black women's ways of seeing, being, and inhabiting the world. Lastly, this paper argues the centrality or marginality of Black hair salons is relative, dependent upon the location and situatedness of the person searching or visiting it. This paper thus highlights avenues for future research into the space‐ race‐identity nexus and invites an examination of the identity‐related significance that spatial arrangements carry for people in the diaspora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Tracing the trajectory of mathematics teaching across two contrasting educational jurisdictions: A comparison of historical and contemporary influences.
- Author
-
Shaw, Stuart, Rushton, Nicky, and Majewska, Dominika
- Subjects
HISTORY of mathematics ,MATHEMATICS ,JURISDICTION ,MATHEMATICS education - Abstract
This paper seeks to identify significant trends in mathematics curricula and teaching approaches in two education systems: the United States (a highly decentralised education system) and England (a highly centralised education system), with focus on 16-to-19-year-olds. The paper adopts a two-fold perspective: an historical overview, and comparison of the areas of convergence and divergence across both education systems. The trajectory of mathematical development is expressed through timelines of core concepts and ideas which chronicle the sequence of events and philosophies that have shaped the development of mathematics teaching and learning. By tracing the trajectory of mathematics through history, the paper provides a greater awareness of how different factors influence how mathematics is taught across two disparate educational jurisdictions. The paper affords opportunities to reflect on and draw conclusions about what constitutes meaningful mathematics teaching and curriculum approaches for 21
st century learner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
40. Exploring challenges faced by a teacher teaching English in a primary school in England.
- Author
-
Abikar, Shamsudin
- Subjects
ENGLISH language education ,PRIMARY schools ,GLOBALIZATION ,PROBLEM solving - Abstract
Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Language Teaching & Linguistic Studies (EAJLTLS) is the property of Eurasian Journal of Language Teaching & Linguistic Studies (EAJLTLS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
41. The electoral benefits of environmental position‐taking: Floods and electoral outcomes in England 2010–2019.
- Author
-
BIRCH, SARAH
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,WEATHER ,ELECTIONS ,FLOODS - Abstract
The global increase in extreme weather events in recent years has spurred political scientists to examine the potential political effects of such phenomena. This paper explores effect of flooding on electoral outcomes and offers evidence that the impact of adverse events varies with changes in political context. Using a difference‐in‐differences identification strategy to analyse three consecutive general elections in the United Kingdom (2015, 2017 and 2019), the paper finds variability in partisan electoral benefit from one election to the next that calls into question the blind retrospection and rally‐round‐the‐leader explanations which are often advanced to account for electoral reactions to natural disasters. Instead, changing party positions on environmental issues appear to account more convincingly for shifts in electoral support in response to flooding. This suggests that parties can derive benefit from, or be punished for, the positions they take on environmental issues when extreme weather events affect citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Public spending on adult social care and delayed transfers of care in England.
- Author
-
Iparraguirre, Jose
- Subjects
PUBLIC spending ,LOCAL government ,MEDICAL care ,MEDICAL care costs ,PUBLIC welfare ,SOCIAL services - Abstract
Purpose: This paper aims to whether current public expenditure on adult social care services might be associated with the number of delayed days of care attributable to the social care system in England. Design/methodology/approach: Panel econometric models on data from local authorities with adult social care responsibilities in England between 2013–2014 and 2018–2019. Findings: After controlling for other organisational sources of inefficiency, the level of demand in the area and the income poverty amongst the resident older population, this paper finds that a 4.5% reduction in current spending per head on adult social care per older person in one year is associated with an increase by 0.01 delayed days per head the following year. Social implications: Given the costs of adverse outcomes of delayed transfers of care reported in the literature, this paper suggests that budgetary constraints to adult social care services would represent a false economy of public funds. Originality/value: This is the first paper that models the association between public spending on adult social care and delayed transfers of care due to issues originating in the social care system in England. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Amenity as educator: Geographies of education, citizenship, and the CPRE in 1930s England.
- Author
-
Church, Francesca
- Subjects
EDUCATION ,NATURE study ,SCHOOL building design & construction ,CITIZENSHIP ,COUNTRY life - Abstract
This article examines the spaces, materiality, and practices of (in)formal education and citizenship bound up in the educational cultures of the Council for the Preservation of Rural England (CPRE) in 1930s England. Founded in 1926, the CPRE aimed to preserve rural amenities through concerted action, by working through their constituent societies as a centre for furnishing or obtaining advice and information, and importantly, by educating public opinion. While much work has examined inter‐war preservationism and the CPRE's focus on planning legislation and design, less attention has been paid to the CPRE's cultures of education for children and young people. Drawing on archival research, this paper considers two educational topics, namely, nature study and school design, and makes three key contributions to the geographies of education. First, that the CPRE mobilised the notion of amenity to provide an experiential and intuitive education in preservationism: amenity was both education and educator. Second, that this education was linked to notions of (future) citizenship, hope, and (future) preservationism, becoming an education that would remain with the child throughout their life. Third, this article explores the CPRE's authority, revealing the ways in which it was often complex and precarious, as well as the ways in which the Council drew on other forms of authoritative identities, spaces, and structures. In so doing, this paper contributes to ongoing academic debates on the complex and fluid boundaries of (in)formal education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Lord Burghley's Map of Lancashire Revisited, c.1576–1590.
- Author
-
Shannon, William and Winstanley, Michael
- Subjects
MAPS ,CARTOGRAPHIC materials ,CARTOGRAPHY ,ATLASES - Abstract
Copyright of Imago Mundi is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. The Social Enterprise Ecosystem in England: An Increasingly ‘Private-Macro’ Social Economy Distorted by Policy.
- Author
-
Hazenberg, Richard and Bajwa-Patel, Meanu
- Subjects
SOCIAL enterprises ,NONPROFIT sector ,ECOSYSTEMS ,SEMI-structured interviews ,FOCUS groups ,DISCOURSE - Abstract
Copyright of Management international / International Management / Gestiòn Internacional is the property of Management International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. A new political economy of teacher development: England's Teaching and Leadership Innovation Fund.
- Author
-
Ellis, Viv, Mansell, Warwick, and Steadman, Sarah
- Subjects
ECONOMICS ,TEACHER development ,LEADERSHIP ,TEACHER education ,FREEDOM of information - Abstract
This article identifies new arrangements between the state and non-state actors in the public sector, one that extends current understandings of education privatisation, the transformation of public services 'by substitution' and, specifically theories of the 'shadow state'. Drawing on data from the Political Economy of Teacher Education (PETE) project, the paper's context is the current situation of post-qualification teacher development in England and its point of departure the Teaching and Leadership Innovation Fund (TLIF) initiative, in the wider context of Conservative political interests in promoting 'social mobility' through enhancing 'teacher quality'. Through a political economy analysis of public records, course information, Freedom of Information (FOI) requests and interviews, the paper offers an emerging typology of enterprises to describe the organisations that won TLIF funding to provide Continuing Professional Development (CPD) for teachers in designated 'Opportunity Areas'. Further, the paper extends available theorisations of the shadow state by identifying three kinds of shadow state structure – autonomous, intermediate and co-created – in relation to CPD provision under TLIF. This provisional identification is offered for critical examination beyond the immediate context of English CPD policy. The paper argues that these different relations of power and interdependence represent a new political economy of teacher development in England. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. What price public health? Funding the local public health system in England post-2013.
- Author
-
Evans, David
- Subjects
PUBLIC health & economics ,SMOKING cessation ,PRACTICAL politics ,PUBLIC administration ,COST control ,NATIONAL health services ,DOCUMENTATION ,DECISION making ,THEORY ,GOVERNMENT aid ,BUDGET ,COMMITMENT (Psychology) ,SEXUAL health - Abstract
In April 2013 the local public health function in England was returned from the National Health Service (NHS) to local government, reversing the transfer to the NHS made in 1974 with the abolition of the medical officer of health. Although many in the field had long felt that local government was the appropriate home for public health given its wide-ranging responsibilities for the social determinants of health, the timing was poor. Local government was in the third year of what continued to be an unprecedented ten-year period of austerity imposed by central government with cumulative cuts of the order of 40% for many local authorities. And despite an initial commitment to a ring-fenced public health grant, this grant has been cut each year since 2015–2016 in addition to the wider local authority funding cuts which have had inevitable knock-on effects on the public health function. Crucial public health services such as early years, smoking cessation and sexual health services have all been cut. Despite these cuts the UK government continues to claim a commitment to improving public health and tackling inequalities in health. This study examines the government's discourse on funding local public health services, and the ways in which it has responded to critics through a detailed documentary analysis of key government white papers, ministerial statements and its responses to criticisms, particularly from parliamentary select committees and professional bodies. The paper concludes by considering the implications for effective local public health action in a national regime of austerity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. CHANGES IN THE ENGLISH JURY IN THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURIES.
- Author
-
Antal, Tamás
- Subjects
- *
JURY , *NINETEENTH century , *TWENTIETH century , *LIBRARY research , *JURISDICTION ,BRITISH history - Abstract
The present paper deals with the short history of the English jury in the modern age. The main goal of the author is completing a historical research and finding the most important features concerning legal institutions of the Anglo-Saxon type of lay jurisdiction in England and Ireland. The historical perspective gives a chance to examine the institutions of the jury as a court of citizens integrated into the jurisdiction of the state for a brief period of time. The author takes the view in several periods from the early 19th century up to the end of the 20th century. It is not the procedure but the organisational rules which are under discussion here with special attention to the conditions which determined the role of the jury as a part of county courts and sessions as well as the central tribunals in London. The literature was collected in the British Library during research intervals to have the opportunity to work from special sources not cited by Central-European scholars yet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. The role of the Mental Health Act 1983 in safeguarding adults at risk of abuse and neglect: a thematic analysis of safeguarding adults reviews.
- Author
-
Foss, Deborah
- Subjects
MENTAL health laws ,RISK assessment ,ABUSE of older people ,THEMATIC analysis ,PATIENT safety - Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to consider the role of the Mental Health Act (MHA) 1983 in safeguarding adults at risk of abuse and neglect. The author has undertaken a thematic review of Safeguarding Adults Reviews (SARs) commissioned in England and Adult Practice Reviews (APRs) commissioned in Wales where the MHA 1983 was a central aspect to the review. Design/methodology/approach: Reviews were included based on specific determinants, following analysis of SARs, APRs and executive summaries. This should not affect the credibility of the research, as themes were identified in conjunction with analysis of literature regarding use of the MHA in the context of adult safeguarding. Consequently, this review has been underpinned by evidence-based research in the area of study. Findings: The interaction between statutes, such as the MHA 1983 and Care Act 2014, signify challenges to professionals, with variable application of mental health legislation in practice. Research limitations/implications: Lack of a complete national repository for review reports means that it is likely that the data set analysis is incomplete. It was noted that limitations to this research include the fact that Safeguarding Adults Boards in England may not publish SAR reports or may choose to publish an executive summary or practice brief instead of the full SAR report, therefore limiting the scope of disseminating learning from SARs, as this is difficult to achieve where the full report has not been published. The author aimed to mitigate this by undertaking comprehensive searches of Local Authority and SAB websites, in addition to submitting Information requests to ensure that this research encompassed as many relevant review reports as possible. Originality/value: This is an important and timely topic for debate, given that the UK Government is proposing reform of the MHA 1983. In addition, existing thematic reviews of SARS tend to be generalised, rather than specifically focused on the MHA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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50. The Teaching of Listening Comprehension. ELT Documents Special.
- Author
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British Council, London (England). English Language and Literature Div.
- Abstract
A collection of papers on teaching English listening comprehension includes: "The Use of Authentic Sound Materials for Beginners" (Anuska Nakic); "Empathetic Listening" (Mario Rinvolucri); "The Pedagogic Authenticity of a Text" (Henri Besse); "A Team-Teaching Approach to Lecture Comprehension for Overseas Students" (A. Dudley-Evans, T. F. Johns); "Basic Requirements for Integrated Listening Comprehension Materials" (R. Dirven); "Approaches to the Systematic Construction of an Aptitude for Listening Comprehension" (Maurice Vandermaelen); "The Design of Materials to Foster Particular Listening Strategies" (Shelagh Rixon); "Graded Activities and Authentic Materials for Listening Comprehension" (Harold Fish); "What Are the Limits of Achievement in Listening Comprehension" (Marcel Urbain); and "Viewing Comprehension: 'L'Oeil Ecoute'" (Philip Riley). (MSE)
- Published
- 1981
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