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We analyse the results from a longitudinal natural field experiment that provides an environmental nudge by reinforcing positive environmental norms. Posters asking individuals to use less paper are pasted on printers (Times) and in office cubicles (Umendall) of two information technology firms around New Delhi, India. A third firm (India Mart) does not get the nudge and serves as our control. During the nudge period, employees of the firms that get the conservation message on average expend a significantly lower number of sheets per day as compared to the pre-nudge period, measured both in terms of paper used and paper wasted. Furthermore, after the nudge is removed, the per capita paper wastage for one of the firms that received it (Times) does not increase significantly over the next month and a half, whereas for the other firm (Umendall) it does but remains significantly lower than the per capita wastage in the pre-nudge period. In terms of total paper used, the nudged firms show a reduction in the number of sheets used several weeks after the nudge is removed. For the control firm, the wastage and usage of printer paper does not change significantly over the duration of the experiment. A robustness check with no nudge intervention done by computing per capita wastage and usage for the same dates exactly one year later does not show a reduction over the same time period and offers support for our conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post-independent India has witnessed several horrific incidents of communal violence. The largest communal riot happened in the year 1984, in the capital city of New Delhi. But after the occurrence of the Anti-Sikh Riots of 1984, there was silence surrounding the incident. The silence was primarily caused by the trauma inflicted from the incident. There are reasons to believe that the silence was politically motivated too. However, the role fictional writings have played in communicating the traumatic memory of the incident was significant. This paper studies the novel Amu written by Shonali Bose to understand the representation of traumatic memory of the community. The paper attempts to problematize the decades-long silence surrounding the incident and the novel's role along with other similar fictional accounts in unravelling the truth of the incident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper looks at two memorials built in India to commemorate Sikh victims of the violent events of June 1984 and November 1984. Gurdwara Yaadgaar Shaheedan (Gurdwara Martyrs' Memorial) was built in the Golden Temple complex, Amritsar in 2013, and the Wall of Truth: Sikh Genocide Memorial was inaugurated in Gurdwara Rakabganj, New Delhi in 2017. While both memorials commemorate related events and are built by the same group of people, they differ completely in the choice of nomenclature, design and even the justification given for their creation. This paper discusses the differences between these memorials and their relevance in the memorial politics of contemporary India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & objectives: Dried blood spotted on to filter paper has been found suitable for a large number of studies. In tropical countries with varying temperature conditions the use of dried blood needs to be validated. We carried out this study to assess the use of blood spotted filter paper as a transport system to study genotyping ofApo E gene. Methods: Fifty five patients visiting Cardiothoracic Neuroscience Centre (CNC) OPD at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, and referred for lipid investigations to Cardiac Biochemistry Laboratory were selected at random. Blood was spotted on to Whatman 3 MM filter paper, dried and stored at room temperature. Genomic DNA was extracted and genotyping was carried out at the end of 0, 3 and 12 months. The study was further validated using samples collected on to filter paper from four centres and stored for eight years at room temperature. The temperature and humidity conditions of the centre varied widely. Results: Fifty five samples collected on to filter paper showed exact match of the genotyping when compared to fresh blood. In dried blood samples collected and stored for 1 yr at room temperature DNA extraction and apo E genotyping was done successfully. Interpretation & conclusions: The present results showed the feasibility of using dried blood samples on filter paper for apo E genotyping in tropical temperature. The findings need to be validated on a large sample before being recommended for use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Part I. Lists various abstracts of research papers related to pharmacology presented during the XXXVI Annual Conference of the Indian Pharmacological Society held on December 5 to 7, 2003 in New Delhi. Title of paper; Research author; Affiliation; E-mail address; Objectives; Methods; Results; Conclusions; Possible anorectic case effect of methanol extract of Benincasa hispida by Kumar A.; Study of ulcerogenic potential of methylene blue by Shah H.; Role of potassium channel agonist and antagonist in ouabain induced arrhythmias by Dhasmana D.C.

Background: Infections by multidrug‐resistant organisms (MDRO) are a major hurdle in hematopoietic stem‐cell transplants (HSCTs). Conditioning regimens lead to mucosal barrier injury, which in‐turn leads to transmigration of gut bacteria and sepsis. Pre‐transplant stool and throat surveillance cultures can guide empirical antibiotic policy during the neutropenic period. In this paper, we document colonization with MDRO in pre‐transplant surveillance cultures and the correlation with bloodstream infections in HSCT patients and analyze transplant outcomes with respect to these infections. Methods: A single‐center, retrospective study on HSCT was performed between January 2021 and December 2021. The incidence of bacterial infections, percentage of MDROs, correlation with pre‐transplant stool/throat surveillance cultures, and their impact on overall 100‐day and post‐100‐day to 6‐month post‐transplant survival were analyzed. Results: Sixty‐four patients were included in the study. Pre‐transplant stool surveillance cultures were positive for MDRO in 85.9% of patients. Almost half (48.5%) of the isolates were positive for carbapenemase‐producing genes (mainly New Delhi metallo‐beta‐lactamase‐1 [NDM‐1] and oxacillinase‐48 [OXA‐48]). Eighteen patients (18/64, 28%) had a positive blood culture for MDRO in the peri‐engraftment neutropenic period. Correlation between surveillance and blood cultures was seen in 61% (11/18) of patients. All‐cause mortality was 14.1% (9/64) and 25% (16/64) in patients at 100 days and 6 months post‐HSCT, respectively. The 100‐day and post‐100‐day all‐cause mortality rates were higher in patients with Gram‐negative MDRO bloodstream infections (p <.012 and <.008, respectively). Conclusion: MDRO infections can adversely affect HSCT outcomes. Pre‐transplant stool and throat surveillance cultures may guide empirical antibiotic policy and lead to favorable transplant outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we offer a critical analysis of the media discourse around an anti-sexual violence comic book, Priya's Shakti (2013), which tells the story of a victim of gang rape who becomes an unlikely "superhero" in a crusade to end sexual violence. The comic was created by an Indian American filmmaker, Ram Devineni, in response to the horrific gang rape and murder of a young woman in New Delhi in 2012 (the Nirbhaya case). Positioning a rape victim from rural India as a protagonist with power, it was widely applauded as a means of changing the disempowering discourse surrounding victim-survivors of sexual violence. However, we argue, the comic does not actually center Priya's experience, and instead renders Priya as marginal in her own story. Although the comic is marketed as promoting women's agency, in media coverage, Devineni is foregrounded as the agent of change. He is positioned as the perfect diasporic masculine saviour, both respectful of traditional culture and adequately progressive, educated, and modernized. The media spectacle of Priya's Shakti thus participates in a discursive move to replace the "White saviour" with a proxy—the diasporic Hindu masculine saviour—whilst keeping the underlying structures of both Hindu patriarchal power and US imperialism in place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Prisoners are at a higher risk of HIV infection compared to the general population. The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of HIV and related risk behaviours among inmates of the Central Prisons in four states of North India. Design/methodology/approach: The HIV sentinel surveillance was conducted in seven Central Prisons in four states of North India from February to April 2019. Four hundred inmates were included from each prison. The interviews were conducted at the Integrated Counselling and Testing Centre located within the prison premises. The Ethics Committee of the National AIDS Control Organization, New Delhi, granted ethical approval before the start of the surveillance. Findings: Overall, 2,721 inmates were enrolled in this study. The mean (SD) age was 38.9 (13.9) years. One-third of prison inmates had comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS. The proportion of convict (54%) and undertrial (46%) inmates was almost equal. The overall prevalence of HIV infection among inmates was 0.96% (95% CI 0.65–1.40). The odds of being HIV positive were significantly higher in never married inmates, undertrials, inmates who were in the prison for more than three months to one year, inmates incarcerated for multiple times, inmates with history of injecting drug use and inmates with history of intercourse with a commercial sex worker. Originality/value: The findings from the very first HIV sentinel surveillance in central prisons in North India have been presented in this paper. This has huge implications for future policy decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The total of 3,818 publications collected from the Web of Science database had their collected data measured using scientometric techniques. The search strategy TS=topic for black holes research was refined to 15 years, from 2008 to 2022, and only selected Indian research productivity. The collected data was measured from various angles and types of documents, with 97.590% articles and the highest annual growth rate of 23.664% in 2018. The most prolific author, Ajith Parameshwaran, from the Bangalore International Center for theoretical science, published 119 papers with 32,405 citations (61 h-index). The Journal of Physical Review is the most prolific, with 604 publications and 16,068 citations. The most frequent keyword occurrences are "black holes," with 435 reflected. The Department of Science and Technology in New Delhi is the most prolific, having published 664 papers with a total of 14,346 citations (58 h-index). The black research involved 80 countries, out of which India secured the 8th place in the world's contribution. The prepared research area related to black holes, namely the astronomy and astrophysics research area, is 2,423 with 47.45% of publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of persistent heavy fog in northern India during winter creates hazardous situations for transportation systems and disrupts the lives of about 400 million people. The meteorological factors responsible for its genesis and predictability are not yet completely understood in this region. Given its high potential for socioeconomic impact, there is a pressing need for extensive research that understands the inherently complex nature of the phenomena through field observations and modeling exercises. WiFEX is a first-of-its-kind multi-institutional initiative dealing with intensive ground-based measurement campaigns for developing a suitable fog forecasting capability under the aegis of the smart cities mission of India. Measuring campaigns were conducted during the 2015–20 winters at the Indira Gandhi International Airport, New Delhi, covering more than 90 dense fog events. The field experiments involved extensive suites of in situ instruments and gathered simultaneous observations of micrometeorological conditions, radiative fluxes, turbulence, droplet/aerosol microphysics, aerosol optical properties, fog water chemistry, and vertical thermodynamical structure to describe the environmental stability in which fog develops. An operational modeling framework, the WRF Model, was set up to provide fog predictions during the measurement campaign. These field observations helped to interpret the strengths and deficiencies in the numerical modeling framework. Four scientific objectives were pursued: (i) the life cycle of optically thin and thick fog, (ii) microphysical properties in the polluted boundary layer, (iii) fog water chemistry, gas–aerosol partitioning during the fog life cycle, and (iv) numerical prediction of fog. This paper presents an overview of WiFEX and a synthesis of selected observational and modeling analyses/findings related to the abovementioned scientific topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I seek to explore the social nature of food in university hostels in India's capital city of New Delhi. With the increasing migration of students from smaller cities and towns to bigger cities searching for employment and education opportunities, hostels have become a preferred choice of accommodation because of their affordability and security. For many marginalised and economically poor students, these hostels are the only spaces where they can afford to live and eat. At the same time, hostels and university campuses have recently been in the spotlight as sites of resistance and social action. Discussions and debates around hostel fee hikes and food politics mean that there is a need to understand what hostel food represents for migrant students. While there is an attempt by universities to use hostel food to promote togetherness and belongingness, hostel food is also met with counter meanings. A study of hostel food offers us a lens to better understand the sources of contestation within the university and the reasons for protests by migrating students living in hostels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a quantitative and qualitative profile of Thrombosis research in India, based on 4026 publications indexed in Scopus database during 2000-19. Indian research output on Thrombosis registered 11.64% annual growth, averaged 13.54 citations per paper and contributed 2.26% global share (with 13th rank) and 14.13% share devoted to international collaborative papers. Thrombosis research applications across subjects were the largest in medicine (87.93%), followed for other subjects with contribution from 5.84% to 10.08%), etc. The distribution by type revealed that Venous Thrombosis accounted for the highest share (52.36% share), followed by Arterial Thrombosis (29.01% share), Limb ischemia (1.49%) and Hepatic artery thrombosis (0.72%) during 2000-19. AIIMS- New Delhi (374 papers) and PGIMER-Chandigarh (280 papers) lead the country as the most productive organizations. Besides, GMCH-Chandigarh (66.80 and 4.93) and Fortis Healthcare Limited (47.82 and 3.53) lead the country as the most impactful organizations in terms of citation per paper and relative citation index. K. Ghosh (61 papers) and R. Saxena (51 papers) lead the contry as most productive authors and K. Sarin (115.32 and 8.52) and D. Dash (44.29 and 3.27) lead as the most impactful authors. Indian Heart Journal (with 160 papers), BMJ Case Reports (133 papers) and Neurology India (115 papers) topped the list of most productive journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Religious spaces are an integral part of Indian cities. Unique in their spatiality, they function as socio-cultural hubs drawing users from varied economic and social hierarchies. This study deals with physical and perceptional assessments of micrometeorological conditions in two religious squares namely Hanuman Mandir Square (HMS) and Gurudwara Bangla Sahib Square (GBS) located in New Delhi (28.6° N; 77.2° E), India. The study involved real-time physical measurement of environmental variables such as dry-bulb temperature (Ta, °C), globe temperature (Tg, °C), relative humidity (RH), and air velocity (Va). Variables such as physiological effective temperature (PET), universal thermal comfort index (UTCI), and mean radiant temperature (Tmrt, °C) were computed from measured variables. Concurrent thermal comfort surveys were carried out with 353 respondents in both the squares. The paper describes the thermal characteristics of the studied squares and presents the associated subjective thermal response and preferences of the users. PET was found to correlate well with the subjective responses. The neutral value of PET is found to be 24.7 °C. The neutral PET value of respondents visiting for non-worship purposes was found to be 2.7 °C lesser than those visiting for worship purposes. People visiting the squares for non-worship purpose however were found to be more tolerant of higher PET conditions as compared to others. Factors such as intent of visit, solar exposure, thermal history, and landscape elements were found to have a statistically significant influence on the thermal perception. The paper further summarizes the adaptive opportunities preferred by the users in order to improve thermal comfort in the studied squares. A weighted ranking of adaptive preferences reported by the respondents has also been presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the open path measurement of atmospheric transmission in the spectral region of 3000–3450 nm using a mid infrared tunable lidar in New Delhi (28.7oN, 77.1oE), India. Results on the measurement of atmospheric transmission in New Delhi are reported for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. A tunable infrared lidar system has been developed in-house, which transmits laser radiation with the wavelength interval of 1 nm in the above spectral band into the atmosphere. A 200-mm-diameter Cassegrain receiver telescope with mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) detector is used to collect the backscattered radiation from the atmosphere. The reflected laser radiation received from the tower located at a distance of 400 m is used to generate the transmission spectrum. Data recorded during the daytime measurements have been considered in this paper. Transmission spectra measured over several days showed a similar pattern, which confirmed the repeatability of the system performance. The measured spectra are also compared with the SkyCalc transmission model generated using the online database. Preliminary analysis indicated that these spectra had good agreement in general with a small shift in wavelength region. We have also analyzed the HITRAN database line-by-line and identified the possible major absorbing molecules in this band. The sources of air pollutants that absorb in this band and also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This paper highlights the hydrocephalus research efforts undertaken at AIIMS, New Delhi, supporting progress in the field.Material: Over a period of three decades, basic research, clinical investigations, and multicentric studies were undertaken. This report will review the work mainly to emphasize the need for future generations to pursue further research. Studies that impacted hydrocephalus care (mainly in India) are described, and some of these findings may be useful in other resource-challenged situations.Results: Investigative studies on the effect of shunting on brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAER), transcranial Doppler (TCD), and CT-SPECT were published offering management options for patients. Participation in the International Infant Hydrocephalus Study (IIHS) study offered opportunities to compare our approaches and develop modifications in patient care. This effort proved shunting was equal or better for young children with congenital aqueductal stenosis. Shunt infection protocols and changes made in a systematic manner helped develop local protocols to reduce postoperative shunt infections.Conclusions: Hydrocephalus research over three decades at AIIMS, New Delhi was productive and educational, confirming that locally performed investigative work can help in decision making. Further studies and active participation in international efforts are necessary to advance the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India has always been rich in knowledge from ancient times which is passed on from one generation to another. The method of passing knowledge is different in different regions of India. Due to huge advancement in ICT, there has been astronomical growth of digital resources. These resources are popular among students and researchers; hence libraries spend so much on them. Unfortunately, accessibility and use of these resources by future generations depends on technology which very rapidly evolves and changes. The fragile nature of digital resources makes its accessibility dependable on technology which is rapidly evolving. Hence, access to such resources for future users is a huge task for libraries. To use this information in daily life, we perform conservation techniques. In this research paper, we are exploring the different preservation and conservation techniques for traditional documents as well as digital resources used in selected libraries of New Delhi, India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research evaluation based on citation data identifies excellence using quantity and quality proxies as the main orthogonal dimensions. Citation data are readily available from aggregators such as the Web of Science or Scopus in the form of number of papers P, number of citations C and h-index. However, most of the prestigious award-giving bodies, e.g. for the Nobel Prizes or for the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar (SSB) Prize in India, rely on rigorous peer evaluation rather than on citationbased performance. While peer-review judgements are holistic but also subjective, citation-based evaluations tend to be reductive and quantitative. In this study, we look at three of the most prestigious premier peer-review decision-making exercises in India, the SSB Prize, and election Fellowship of the Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi and the Indian Academy of Sciences, Bengaluru. By comparing the awardees and successfully elected Fellows against a list of outstanding citation-based top performers in the world, we report a marked field dependence with citation data predicting 0% to less than 40% of the peer-review selections depending on the field. This study highlights two mixed dangers: one of compressing performance to numbers in an essentially reductive process, and the other of the possible bias and prejudices involved in what is often a subjective peer-review process. Thus, type I and type II errors cannot be avoided in any peer-review or citation evaluation taken in isolation, and vary from as much as 100% to 63%, depending on the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Characteristics of incised plaster from monuments in Delhi are explored. • Marked differences exist between the incised plaster mortar and typical bedding mortars of the region. • The use of organic fibres and recycled components from an older mortar is seen. This paper reports the characteristics of decorative incised plaster works of New Delhi, from historic monuments belonging to 13th to 16th century C.E. Visual examination of the historic plasterwork depicts that these are made of two layers; a base coat which is coarser in appearance and a finer finishing coat, which is the incised plaster layer. For making the intricate patterns in the incised layer, a thick coat of plaster is applied first and patterns are carved out before the initial set of the mortar, which later hardens to form a very dense microstructure. In order to consolidate and restore the deteriorated portions of the existing plasterwork, the characterisation of the original plasterwork was essential. This was performed by a comprehensive methodology including physico-chemical and microanalytical tests, which revealed information on basic physical properties, mineralogical composition, characteristics of different phases, and porosity and pore size distribution of the mortar. The results indicate that the incised plaster is made of air lime binder and siliceous aggregates. The mortar is characterised by a very narrow range of pore sizes of about 600 nm. The use of organic fibres and inclusions from an older mortar are also evident in the analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia share some key symptoms which lead to misdiagnosis, especially on initial presentation. In this study, we have considered two categories of patients belonging to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with (i) total duration of illness (TDI) less than or equal to 2 years and (ii) TDI greater than 2 years. We statistically test the difference between the severity of symptoms of the two groups as measured by their respective psychiatric rating scales using (or score tests), likelihood ratio and permutation tests for both categories of patients. The unknown parameters are estimated using maximum likelihood, moments by Cran and Bayesian estimation. It is observed that there exists a significant difference between the two disorders for patients in second category based on real and simulated data. Further, performance of statistic is compared on the basis of p-value and power performance with the other two methods. A new weight suggested in this paper is found to be as efficient as the previous weight based on simulation study. A retrospective data of 108 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders is collected from Lady Hardinge Medical College & Smt. S.K. Hospital, New Delhi, India for the calendar year 2013–2014. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Introducing analytics in a low-tech waste collection environment. • Demonstrating a range of analytics-based solutions for truck routing. • Demonstrating solution time (heuristic) vs. solution quality (optimality) • Tactical evaluation of routes with nearest neighbor and MILP-based VRP. • Strategic evaluation of existing partition of nodes with MST and K-medoids. This paper describes an approach to introducing analytics through various algorithms and applications to users in a low-tech environment as a first step toward understanding such a context. The South Delhi Municipal Corporation (SDMC) of New Delhi, India, have partitioned their collection points into "wards" or clusters, each served by a dedicated truck depot and manually routing trucks for solid waste collection within each ward, with the waste from all wards going to a single landfill. To demonstrate analytics in tactical planning, we implemented the nearest neighbor algorithm mimicking the manual process to provide the baseline cost. Thus, we presented two very different vehicle routing algorithms: (1) a simple but fast revised nearest neighbor algorithm that decreased the baseline total routing cost by 1.57 % and (2) an optimal but time-intensive algorithm using a mixed-integer-linear programming model, which decreased the total cost by 4.05 %. To demonstrate strategic planning, we tested the efficacy of the cluster structure of collection points by comparing its total routing cost (using the revised nearest neighbor algorithm) to that of other partitions obtained with Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) and K-medoids clustering. The existing wards provided a lower waste pickup cost than the alternative clusters we created, showing SDMC that their existing ward structure was sound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents several papers presented at the 34th Annual Conference of Indian Society of Blood Transfusion and Immunohematology (ISBTI) in New Delhi, India from November 20-22, 2009. One paper examines the therapeutic plasma exchange in neuroimmunological disorders. Another paper discusses predonation blood donor referral. One paper discusses the causes of blood donor deferral.

Health care is one of the field in which constant research is going on. Research has been amplified in the last decade. The main objective of this paper is to compare the quality of research output of the two high profile health care institutions of North India--All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh. The study has been conducted using Scopus citation database. In this paper, research output of these institutions during 1999-2008 has been compared in the form of growth of publication, rank of various subjects, further citations of these publications has been observed to check the quality of the research using three year window in addition to the h-index as well as the International collaboration of publications (ICP). Except difference in total number of publications, growth, rank, quality and ICP all are almost the same. Difference in number of publications can be due to the limitations of the study and duration of establishment of these institutes. Earlier, due to paucity of means to gauge the quality of the research, it was not possible to observe the quality of the research. Hence, an effort has been made to create awareness amongst the medical fraternity about the quality check of their research, which is now possible through these citation databases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rationale behind this paper is to stimulate reflection, open a debate and provide its readers with some much overlooked perspectives, perceptions and approaches from China, India and the Tibetan émigrés in India as regards the Tibet issue. These are formulated on the basis of author's interviews and enquiries with the representatives of the Dalai Lama's Tibetan Government in Exile, the leaders of Tibetan Youth Congress, the representatives of Students for a Free Tibet, as well as the Tibetan émigré in India and ordinary Indians. Besides, the paper also throws light on major differences and contradiction between India and China over Tibet issue; the future course of the Tibetan movement; and explores the possibilities of establishing a mechanism between India and China on Tibet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper presents rigorous experimental outdoor performance of a 2.32kWP stand-alone photovoltaic (SAPV) system in New Delhi (India) for four weather types in each month such as clear, hazy, partially cloudy/foggy and fully cloudy/foggy weather conditions respectively. The daily power generated from the existing SAPV system was experimentally found in the range of 4–6kWh/day depending on the prevailing sky conditions. The number of days and daily power generated corresponding to four weather types in each month were used to determine monthly and subsequently annual power generation from the existing SAPV system. There are three daily load profiles with and without earth to air heat exchanger suitable for three seasons like summer (3.75–6.15kWh/day), winter (2.79–5.19kWh/day) and rainy (3.75kWh/day). The hourly efficiency of the SAPV system components are determined and presented in this paper. The life cycle cost (LCC) analysis for the existing typical SAPV system is carried out to determine unit cost of electricity. The effect of annual degradation rate of PV system efficiency is also presented in this paper. The energy production factor (EPF) and the energy payback time (EPBT) of the SAPV system was also determined and presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parents’ beliefs and ethnotheories about family life in general and childcare in particular contain explicit and implicit ideas about the manner in which children ought to be raised. Cultural scripts, family situations, and parents’ own beliefs and experiences have been known to guide parenting choices. Cultural practices in India have been deeply influenced by the textured history of external influence. In present times, increased mobility, changes in occupation, and global influences are exerting new pressures on the enduring character of the Indian family. This paper addresses the domain of parental beliefs about patterns of interactions within the family and their understanding of children’s agency. The underlying assumption is that parents in urban middle-class families will be focusing on issues of agency and autonomy for children on account of perceived changes in social expectations. The paper explores the mediations that adults report between the traditional expectations of conformity and persuasive thrust for autonomy when it comes to beliefs about and expectations of their children. The paper specifically addresses the beliefs of mothers with children 3—6 years old, living in New Delhi, India. ‘Elective interdependence’ is the term we have used to describe the deliberate fluctuation of self—other boundaries as mothers negotiate relationships with others for their children and for themselves. The dynamics of mothers’ beliefs indicate dialogicality in the manifestation of seemingly contradictory ideologies regarding interpersonal relationships and individual conduct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Delhi's government is remodelling the built environment into an imagined 'global city', to attract transnational capital, human resources and an international sports spectacle (the Commonwealth Games 2010). As the city's population is diverted and moved on to make way for new infrastructure, residents are, in the process, traversing new spaces, reappropriating space in new ways and engaging in new interactions. This paper explores the possibilities and challenges of these interactions in a qualitative study of the everyday mobility of 23 diverse young people living in Delhi. The study found that interactions were defined by existing perceptions of 'order' and 'proper' behaviour by known and unknown others. The navigation of both familiar and uncomfortable territories was carried out through the deployment of competencies such as translation and avoidance skills. While the findings indicate that the city contains spaces of interaction that can generate unintended meanings and contest established power relations, these interactions were not always harmonious, reinforcing the idea that social relations that constitute urban space are divergent and unequal. The paper concludes by arguing that while Delhi was divided into spaces of belonging and familiarity, working against the possibilities of interactions with 'others', these spaces can be necessary to manage positions of difference and inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The daylight factor model given by Charted Institute of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) was modified in this paper to incorporate time variations with respect to zenith angle (θz ) and vertical height (h) of working surface above ground surface which was normalized with central height (H) of skylight dome. The modified model contains constant exponents which are determined using linear regression analysis based on hourly experimental data of inside and outside illuminance for each month of the year 2007–2008. The prediction of modified model is found in good agreement with experimental observed inside illuminance data on the basis of values of root mean square percentage error (e) and correlation coefficient (r). The annual average daylight factor values for big and small dome skylight rooms are determined as 2.3% and 4.4% respectively. The energy saving potential of skylight rooms for selected climatic locations in India is also presented in this paper. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the use and implementation of RFID technology at the Indian Law Institute Library and National Social Science Documentation Centre Library, New Delhi. Design/methodology/approach - A survey was conducted at the two libraries, using a structured questionnaire comprising 20 questions. Findings - It was found that after implementation of RFID in both the libraries the check-in and check-out time is reduced to less than 20 seconds per item, and use of the libraries has also increased. Neither library had calculated the saving of staff time by performing multiple check-out and check-in of items. High cost is the most significant challenge faced after implementation of RFID technology. Originality/value - The paper provides the advantages of RFID technology for libraries and recommends this technology to other libraries for faster and better services to their users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper deals with an experimental outdoor annual performance evaluation of 2.32kWP photovoltaic (PV) power system located at solar energy park in New Delhi composite climatic conditions. This PV system operates the daily electrical load nearly 10kWh/day which comprises of various applications such as electric air blower of an earth to air heat exchanger (EAHE) used for heating/cooling of adobe house, ceiling fan, fluorescent tube-light, computer, submersible water pump, etc. The outdoor efficiencies, power generated and lost in PV system components were determined using hourly experimental measured data for 1year on typical clear day in each month. These realistic data are useful for design engineers for outdoor assessment of PV system components. The energy conservation, mitigation of CO2 emission and carbon credit potential of the existing PV integrated EAHE system is presented in this paper. Also, the energy payback time (EPBT) and unit cost of electricity were determined for both stand-alone PV (SAPV) and building roof integrated PV (BIPV) systems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper argues that a distinctive form of public interest litigation has been used effectively in the Indian Supreme Court to protect the rights of exploited workers. By looking at the extreme cases of child labour and bonded labour, this study finds that the Indian Supreme Court has been labour-friendly, and has taken seriously the constitutional promise of socio-economic development. In rulings that enlist the aid of local governments and non-governmental organizations, the higher judiciary has helped to make positive changes for the most disadvantaged workers in Indian society. This paper results from a year of fieldwork in New Delhi, and relies on case rulings, archival work, and ethnographic field research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, thermal models of all types of solar collector-integrated active solar stills are developed based on basic energy balance equations in terms of inner and outer glass temperatures. In this paper, hourly yield, hourly exergy efficiency, and hourly overall thermal efficiency of active solar stills are evaluated for 0.05 m water depth. All numerical computations had been performed for a typical day in the month of 07 December 2005 for the climatic conditions of New Delhi (28°35′N, 77°12′E, 216 m above MSL). The thermal model of flat-plate collector integrated with active solar still was validated using the experimental test set-up results. Total daily yield from active solar still integrated with evacuated tube collector with heat pipe is 4.24 kg m-2 day-1, maximum among all other types of active solar stills. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses several papers presented at the 6th Trilateral Conference of Scholars From Russia, China and India held in New Delhi on November 3 and 4, 2006. One paper discusses violent situation in Iraq while another reviews the lessons learned from conflicts in Lebanon. Another paper explores the nonproliferation nuclear programs in Iran.

This paper seeks to understand the gender-specific consequences of the Shahargaon Jat community's increasing urban contact with New Delhi. It examines the consequences of a quick assimilation of Jat men into income-generating activities in the urban market and a corresponding loss of Jat women's economic roles, leading to their further seclusion and marginalization within the household and community. By providing a historically contextualized account of shifts in gender identity and relations in Shahargaon, the paper considers the ways in which the newly constructed urban patriarchal gender ideology and its asymmetric power relations reinforce gender disparity and marginalize women in an urbanizing community. The Shahargaon Jat community's particular historical and patriarchal context, kinship and marriage rules, and the present state of urbanization constitutes an example of the overall failure of urban exposure to improve economic participation and the overall quality of life for women in urbanizing communities in north India. It appears that the community's economic well-being has not worked in tandem with the women's social well-being in Shahargaon, in the sense that the Jat patriarchal system and its rules have largely remained unaltered despite exposure to the urban environment of New Delhi. Instead, Shahargaon's increasing urban context has intensified patriarchal control and the corresponding marginalization of Jat women. The Shahargaon case may illustrate a widespread pattern of the increasing gender asymmetry in several other urbanizing village communities in north India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the politics and governance issues underpinning small-scale informal service providers, to extract insights into how water provisioning for the poor works in the periphery of large cities. Drawing on exploratory field research in a large informal settlement at the urban fringe of New Delhi, we show that while informal network water providers ill a gap left by public delivery systems, residents are often captive consumers caught in a low service level trap. Moreover, dominant interests have little incentive to change this situation. The research indicates however, that a shift to better quality services can be realised and that the seeds of change lie in the evolving relationships between key stake- holders. Three distinct shifts in the balance of relationships are examined, framed by larger changes in the socio-economic and political environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1911, the Government of India transferred the imperial seat of government from Calcutta to Delhi. The decision initiated an ambitious colonial building project that consumed massive human, material, and financial resources for the next two decades. The new city was meant to be not just a site of government but also a symbol of a new direction in British rule. As such, the transfer and building of a new capital caused tremendous debate in parliament, in the press, and in the worlds of art and finance. This paper examines one of these debates: the precise location of the new capital in the Delhi area. When news reached London that the Government of India planned to build the new capital in a largely rural area with little connection to Delhi's existing European community, Sir Bradford Leslie, an eminent railway engineer with long experience in India, prepared a town plan that placed the capital back within Delhi's European civil lines. His plan, the controversy it created, and its eventual rejection by the Government of India highlighted arguments over the meaning of British rule in India and who should benefit from it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Commentators have long insisted that India's 1998 nuclear tests mark an important juncture in the country's international affairs. This paper therefore offers a much-needed discursive assessment of India's post-1998 foreign policy. The claim is that the country's international outlook is largely shaped by the domestic discourse on national insecurities. Foreign policy statements thereby become discursive platforms both for the manifestation of national self-positioning on the international arena and the recontextualization of historical narratives. Yet, despite the strategic assertiveness of these narratives, New Delhi has failed to provide a viable Indian vision for world order. Instead, there appears to be a palpable uncertainty about what "Pax Indica" stands for and whether it should be pursued through the paraphernalia of "Brand India." As a result, New Delhi's international image has few appealing attributes that other countries might be tempted to emulate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Please cite this paper as: Broor et al. (2011) Emergence of 2009A/H1N1 cases in a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi, India. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 5(6), e552-e557. Objective To determine virologic and epidemiologic characteristics of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi, India. Methods Nasal and throat swabs from patients with febrile acute respiratory illness (FARI) from August to December 2009 ( n = 1401) were tested for 2009A/H1N1 and seasonal influenza A viruses by real-time RT-PCR. Results Of 1401 samples tested, 475 (33·9%) were positive for influenza A, of these majority (412; 87%) were 2009A/H1N1, whereas the remaining 63 (13%) were seasonal influenza A (49 were A/H3 and 14 were A/H1). While co-circulation of 2009A/H1N1 and A/H3 was observed in August-September, subsequent months had exclusive pandemic influenza activity (October-December 2009). Pandemic 2009A/H1N1 emergence did not follow typical seasonal influenza seasonality in New Delhi, which normally peaks in July-August, but instead showed bimodal peaks in weeks 39 and 48 in 2009. The percent of specimens testing positive for 2009A/H1N1 influenza virus was found to be highest in >5- to 18-year age group (41·2%; OR = 2·3; CI = 1·6-3·2; P = 0·00). Conclusions Taken together, our data provide high prevalence of pandemic 2009A/H1N1 in urban New Delhi with bimodal peaks in weeks 39 and 48 and highest risk group being the children of school-going age (aged >5-18). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This paper looks at the human health impacts from urban air pollution in India. Such pollution is especially harmful to poor people, so the co-benefits from global climate change policies in terms of reduced local air pollution can have positive equity impacts. Health impacts (mortality and morbidity) of PM10 pollution are quantified for different socio-economic groups in Delhi. The spatial PM10 concentration levels are overlaid with spatial socio-economic data. Improvement in air quality would result in bigger health benefits for the poor. Most measures that reduce PM10 pollutants also reduce CO2 emissions while simultaneously imposing more costs on the better-off. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A model that calculates the distribution of solar radiation inside a basin-type solar still with plane reflectors has been proposed. In this model, both surface finish and optical view factors are taken into consideration in the computation of solar radiation that effectively reaches the surface of saline water in the distillation system. The model was applied to a conventional solar still and an advanced solar still with separate condenser. The conventional solar still was tested at New Delhi (28°35′N, 77°12′E) in previous work while the advanced distillation system was developed in this investigation and it comprised three basins with saline water. Basin 1 was fitted horizontally in the evaporator chamber, with the condenser chamber housing basins 2 and 3. The top part of the evaporator unit was covered with glass to allow solar radiation to reach water in basin 1. In addition, the internal surfaces of the walls of the evaporator and external surface of the front wall of the condenser unit reflected part of the incoming solar radiation onto the surface of saline water in basin 1. The distillation system was tested outdoors at the Malawi Polytechnic (15°48′S, 35°02′E). Under the prevailing meteorological conditions, it is found that the computed solar load on the surface of saline water in the evaporator basin is lower than that observed on a horizontal plane outside each energy system. The new model exhibited a higher degree of accuracy than the previous one. Other results are presented and discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the use of information communication technology (ICT) in 31 college libraries in Karnataka, India by investigating the ICT infrastructure, current status of library automation, barriers to implementation of library automation and also librarians' attitudes towards the use of ICT. Design/methodology/approach - Data-gathering tools used included questionnaire, observation and informal interview with selected college librarians. Findings - Application of ICT in Indian college libraries has not reached a very high level. Lack of budget, lack of manpower, lack of skilled staff and lack of training are the main constraints for not automating library activities. Even though library professionals have shown a positive attitude towards the use of ICT applications and library automation, they need extensive and appropriate training to make use of ICT tools. Originality/value - This is a comprehensive study on the use of ICT in Indian college libraries. Its findings should help college librarians, local government and also the University Grants Commission, New Delhi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on an Exhibition and Seminar on Hungarian Explorers and Travellers in India which was held at the Hungarian Information and Culture Centre in New Delhi, India on October 3-4, 2007 organised by the Himalayan Research and Cultural Foundation. The event was participated in by Doctor Istvan Huller, who delivered the inaugural address, Doctor Geza Palmai and Doctor K. Warikoo, who presented a paper titled "Great Game in Central Asia: Berzenczey's Experiences."

Abstract: In this paper, energy metrics (energy pay back time, electricity production factor and life cycle conversion efficiency) of hybrid photovoltaic (PV) modules have been analyzed and presented for the composite climate of New Delhi, India. For this purpose, it is necessary to calculate (1) the energy consumption in making different components of the PV modules and (2) the annual energy (electrical and thermal) available from the hybrid-PV modules. A set of mathematical relations have been reformulated for computation of the energy metrics. The manufacturing energy, material production energy, energy use and distribution energy of the system have been taken into account, to determine the embodied energy for the hybrid-PV modules. The embodied energy and annual energy outputs have been used for evaluation of the energy metrics. For hybrid PV module, it has been observed that the EPBT gets significantly reduced by taking into account the increase in annual energy availability of the thermal energy in addition to the electrical energy. The values of EPF and LCCE of hybrid PV module become higher as expected. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper investigates thermal performance of an existing eco-friendly and low embodied energy vault roof passive house (or mud-house) located at Solar Energy Park of IIT Delhi, New Delhi (India). Based on embodied energy analysis, the energy payback time for the mud-house was determined as 18 years. The embodied energy per unit floor area of R.C.C. building (3702.3MJ/m2) is quiet high as compared to the mud-house (2298.8MJ/m2). The mud-house has three rooms with inverted U-shape roof and remaining three rooms with dome shape roof. A thermal model of the house consisting of six interconnected rooms was developed based on energy balance equations which were solved by using fourth order Runge Kutta numerical method. The predicted six room air temperatures were found in good agreement with the experimental observed data on hourly basis in each month for one year. The annual heating and cooling energy saving potential of the mud-house was determined as 1481 kWh/year and 1813kWh/year respectively for New Delhi composite climate. The total mitigation of CO2 emissions due to both heating and cooling energy saving potential was determined as 5.2 metric tons/year. The annual carbon credit potential of mud-house was determined as € 52/year. Similar results were obtained for the different climatic locations in India. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]