12 results on '"*AMBIGUITY"'
Search Results
2. Governmental Response to Crises and Its Implications for Street-Level Implementation: Policy Ambiguity, Risk, and Discretion during the COVID-19 Pandemic.
- Author
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Davidovitz, Maayan, Cohen, Nissim, and Gofen, Anat
- Subjects
- *
COVID-19 pandemic , *DISCRETION , *LEGISLATIVE hearings , *AMBIGUITY , *CRISES - Abstract
What are the implications of governmental responses to crises for street-level implementation? The COVID-19 pandemic presents a unique opportunity to compare the formal role that decision-makers require of street-level bureaucrats (SLBs) during a crisis. Textual analysis of 36 legislative documents and emergency regulations in Israel indicates that the additional duties assigned to police officers, teachers, and physicians reflect three interrelated changes in street-level implementation: increased policy ambiguity, higher risk exposure, and expanded discretion. Decision-makers' expectations of SLBs during a crisis highlight the inherent limit of policy-as-written to account for the operational, action-imperative essence of on-the-ground service delivery.Note: In the interests of space, street-level theory and the pandemic context underpinning the articles for this Special Issue are discussed in detail in the Introduction to the Issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Porous Borders and Textual Ambiguity: Why Old Testament Israel is No Model for Modern Nationalism.
- Author
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Paynter, Helen
- Subjects
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NATIONALISM , *AMBIGUITY - Abstract
The phenomenon of ethnic nationalism might appear to be endorsed by the Bible. How are local churches to counter narratives of hate and othering if they feel that their own sacred text might be lending support to the ideology? This paper will identify elements of nationalistic ideology which may appear to have some consonance with the Bible. These focus around the particular theme of the ethnic purity and exceptionalism of Israel. It then offers a biblical-theological reading of this theme. The study concludes that the potentially nationalistic themes of Israel's bloodline, land, and vocation all operate in highly ambiguous ways in the Old Testament, and in the New Testament are revealed to be symbols and shadows of the great work that is begun in Christ. There is nothing in these themes which offers genuine support for ethnic nationalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
4. RECEPTION OF ISA 7:17 IN QUMRAN: THE USE OF AMBIGUITY OF THE BIBLICAL TEXT.
- Author
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MAREK, LIBOR
- Subjects
- *
AMBIGUITY , *GRAMMAR , *TRANSLATORS , *DEBATE , *CONTINUITY - Abstract
Verse 7:17 from Isaiah presents its interpreters, both ancient and modern, with difficulties and ambiguities regarding the text that must be accounted for on the level of formulation (problematic grammar), content (uncertain meaning) and incorporation into the larger context of Isa 7:1-17. The Damascus Document from Qumran uses this verse twice (in CD VII & XIII) in texts of different types (Admonitions and Laws). The author of the Damascus Document resolves the ambiguities of the biblical verse and incorporates it into his two compositions for the benefit of his argumentation. This type of redactional work is possible due to a recognition by the author of a continuity between the biblical Israel and the current (Qumran) community. While resolving the problems inherent to the biblical verse, the author of the Damascus Document also creates a new tension between the ways in which this verse is incorporated into the two documents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Causes for procrastination in a unique educational workplace.
- Author
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Hen, Meirav
- Subjects
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EMOTIONS , *INTERVIEWING , *SCHOOL environment , *WORK environment , *OCCUPATIONAL roles , *HEALTH occupations school faculty , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Teachers in hospitals are a unique phenomenon. Their students are sick, hospitalized children with a range of physical, emotional, and cognitive needs. Teachers are expected to be dynamic, flexible, creative, open-minded, and efficient to function in the most appropriate manner. However, a recent study showed that these teachers tend to procrastinate on some of the most common tasks that teachers perform on a daily basis in the regular school system. The present study was an initial investigation into the reasons for procrastination in teachers who work in two hospitals in Israel. Thirty-two teachers were interviewed. The findings indicated that the primary reason for procrastination among teachers in the hospital was professional role ambiguity, with emotional factors and situational determinants which were identified. Future research should further explore reasons for procrastination in the workplace, in general, and its association with professional role ambiguity specifically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. High-resolution HLA A∼B∼DRB1 haplotype frequencies from the Ezer Mizion Bone Marrow Donor Registry in Israel.
- Author
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Manor, Sigal, Halagan, Michael, Shriki, Nira, Yaniv, Isaac, Zisser, Bracha, Maiers, Martin, Madbouly, Abeer, and Stein, Jerry
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HLA histocompatibility antigens , *HAPLOTYPES , *ORGAN donors , *AMBIGUITY - Abstract
We have investigated HLA population alleles and haplotype frequencies for the ethnicities that comprise the contemporary population of Israel, using a large data set from the Ezer Mizion Bone Barrow Donor Registry. We genotyped 275,699 individuals at the HLA-A, -B and -DRB1 loci using HLA genotyping methods. HLA A∼B∼DRB1 haplotype frequencies were estimated from 19 sub-ethnic Jewish populations and other non-Jewish minorities using the maximum likelihood model, which accommodates typing ambiguities. We present overall and sub-ethnicity specific HLA diversity results of the registry, which will help guide a data-driven strategy for future registry expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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7. Secondary traumatization of partners of war veterans: The role of boundary ambiguity.
- Author
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Dekel, Rachel, Siegel, Alana, Fridkin, Shimon, Levinstein, Yoav, and Svetlitzky, Vlad
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POST-traumatic stress disorder , *PSYCHOLOGICAL distress , *AMBIGUITY , *MENTAL health of veterans , *HEALTH behavior , *INTERPERSONAL relations , *VETERANS , *PSYCHOLOGY , *SPOUSES , *PSYCHOLOGY of Spouses , *PSYCHOLOGY of veterans , *THEORY - Abstract
The existing literature has shown that war veterans' posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are associated with a higher level of distress in their female partners. However, less agreement exists regarding the sources of this distress and the mechanism by which this process occurs. The current study examined the consequences of Israeli war veterans' PTSD on their female partners, as manifested by the females' PTSD symptoms, mental health status, and functioning, while taking into account females' earlier traumatic events. Using the theory of ambiguous loss, it also suggested boundary ambiguity as a mediating variable by which the PTSD of the male veteran is transmitted to his female partner. Participants were 300 men who had served in the 2006 Israel-Lebanon War and their female partners. Results revealed direct associations between males' PTSD and their female partners' PTSD, functioning, and mental health. In addition, boundary ambiguity mediated the association between males' PTSD and females' adjustment. Finally, females' own earlier traumatic events were directly associated with their own PTSD symptoms. Implications of this model for intervention and research are further discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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8. Fluctuating relativistic dissipative hydrodynamics as a gauge theory.
- Author
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Dore, Travis, Gavassino, Lorenzo, Montenegro, David, Shokri, Masoud, and Torrieri, Giorgio
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HYDRODYNAMICS , *BULK viscosity , *STATISTICAL mechanics , *AMBIGUITY , *GAUGE field theory - Abstract
We argue that different formulations of hydrodynamics are related to uncertainties in the definitions of local thermodynamic and hydrodynamic variables. We show that this ambiguity can be resolved by viewing different formulations of hydrodynamics as particular "gauge choices" which lead to the same physical behavior of the system. Using the example of bulk viscosity, we show that Bemfica–Disconzi–Noronha–Kovtun (BDNK) and Israel–Stewart hydrodynamics are particular "gauge choices" of this type, related by a well-defined transformation of thermodynamic and hydrodynamic variables. We argue that this gauge ambiguity is necessary to ascertain the causality of stochastic hydrodynamic evolution and conjecture that it could explain the applicability of hydrodynamics outside its expected regime of validity since far from equilibrium and close to equilibrium may be related through transformations of this type. The paper discusses the role of microscopic statistical mechanics within hydrodynamics with arbitrary frame redefinition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Ambiguity in Transboundary Environmental Dispute Resolution: The Israeli-Jordanian Water Agreement.
- Author
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Fischhendler, Itay
- Subjects
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BOUNDARY disputes , *CONFLICT management , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation on natural resources , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation on water supply , *AMBIGUITY - Abstract
Cooperation over transboundary environmental resources, water in particular, has been analyzed from various perspectives. Each study identifies the problems of cooperation differently and suggests different mechanisms to enhance it. Yet, the role of ambiguity, particularly significant in treaty design to resolve environmental disputes, has thus far been overlooked. Such a focus is warranted, since many international agreements regulating the use of natural resources are ambiguous in their schedule of resource delivery during crisis events or in their cost-sharing arrangements and may even include contradictory resource-allocation principles while remaining vague on how to settle the contradictions. This study aims to examine why, when, and how ambiguity is applied in agreements pertaining to natural resources, and water in particular. The lsraeli-Jordanian peace agreement, which includes an annex on water-use regulation, is used as a case study, it was found that, under asymmetric power relations, when both sovereignty costs and uncertainty are high, several types of deliberate ambiguity were intentionally incorporated into the treaty. Some ambiguities allowed each side to present the treaty differently at home, thereby defusing domestic opposition, while others provided leeway to adjust the resource allocation during a future crisis without the need to renegotiate the treaty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Predicting Gender Role Ideology Among Husbands and Wives in Israel: A Comparative Analysis.
- Author
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Kulik, Liat
- Subjects
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GENDER role , *MARITAL communication , *ANDROGYNY (Psychology) , *GENDER identity - Abstract
In this study, differences in gender role ideology among middle-aged husbands (n = 126) and wives (n = 126) in Israel were examined. In addition, the contribution of several sets of variables were tested to predict gender role ideology. The sets of variables were background variables (personal background, education/employment, family variables), personality traits (self-esteem, tolerance for ambiguity), spouse's gender role ideology, and life satisfaction. The findings indicate that husbands have more traditional gender role ideology than their wives, even though the correlations between spouses were moderate and significant. In addition, the variables were found to contribute more significantly to predicting the gender role ideology of wives than of husbands. For both partners, self-esteem was the most significant predictor. Moreover, one partner's gender role ideology was found to affect the other partner's ideology. Education/employment and some personal background variables were significant predictors of wives' gender role ideology, whereas life satisfaction predicted gender role ideology only for husbands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. LONG SENTENCE.
- Author
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Kinsley, Michael
- Subjects
- *
AMBIGUITY , *ANTISEMITISM , *JEWS , *TELEVANGELISTS - Abstract
Illustrates the ambiguity in the stand of Christian Coalition leader and televangelist Pat Robertson on anti-Semitism and Israel. Textual analysis on a portion of his article that appeared in the April 12, 1995 issue of the "Wall Street Journal"; Criticism on Robertson; Influence of the Christian Coalition on the U.S. Republican Party.
- Published
- 1995
12. Panel Assesses Road Map Prospects and "Where to Find Peace".
- Author
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Adas, Jane
- Subjects
- *
NONGOVERNMENTAL organizations , *AMBIGUITY - Abstract
The United Nations (UN) NGO Working Group on Israel/Palestine sponsored a June 23, 2003 panel discussion in New York on "Where to find Peace?: Tracing the Route of the Middle East Road Map." Alain Epp Weaver, the Mennonite Central Committee's country representative in occupied territories, said that although the road map contains some promising elements that were not present in the Oslo accords — references to relevant UN resolutions, an insistence on simultaneity of actions by both parties, and something resembling a vague monitoring mechanism — ambiguities of interpretation remain.
- Published
- 2003
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