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Highlights: [•] The Triassic Kangan Formation is composed of carbonate–evaporite sequences. [•] Various anhydrite structure and textures control reservoir quality carbonates. [•] Anhydrites are either intraformational seals or cements plugging pore spaces. [•] Relationships in facies associations/evaporite textures/sea-level fluctuation exist. [•] They show predictable patterns useful for sequence stratigraphic interpretations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrofacies analysis conducted the distribution effects throughout the reservoir despite the difficulty of characterizing stratigraphic relationships. Clustering methods quantitatively define the reservoir zone from non-reservoir considering electrofacies. Asmari Formation is the most significant reservoir of the Mansouri oilfield in SW Iran, generally composed of carbonate and sandstone layers. The stratigraphical study is determined by employing 250 core samples from one exploratory well in the studied field. Five zones with the best reservoir quality in zones 3 and 5 containing sandstone/shale are determined. Moreover, multi-resolution graph-based and artificial neural network clustering involving six logs are employed. Utilizing Geolog software, an optimal model with eight clusters with better rock separation is obtained. Eventually, five electrofacies with different lithological compositions and reservoir conditions are identified and based on lithofacies describing thin sections, sandstone, and shale in zones 3 and 5 show high reservoir quality. According to the depth related to these zones, most of the facies that exist in these depths include sandstone and dolomite facies, and this is affected by the two factors of the primary sedimentary texture and the effect of the diagenesis process on them. Results can compared to the clustering zone determination in other nearby sandstone reservoirs without cores., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Rock types are the reservoir's most essential properties for special facies modeling in a defined range of porosity and permeability. This study used clustering techniques to identify rock types in 280 core samples from one of the wells drilled in the Asmari reservoir in the Mansouri field, SW Iran. Four hydraulic flow units (HFUs) were determined for studied data utilizing histogram analysis, normal probability analysis, and the sum of squared errors (SSE) statistical methods. Then, two flow zone index (FZI) and fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering methods were used to determine the rock types in the given well according to the results obtained from the HFU continuity index acts in-depth. The FCM method, with a continuity number of 3.12, compared to the FZI, with a continuity number of 2.77, shows more continuity in depth. The relationship between permeability and porosity improved considerably by utilizing HFU techniques. This improvement is achieved using the FZI method study. Generally, all samples increased from 0.55 to 0.81 in the first HFU and finally to 0.94 in the fourth HFU. Similar flow properties in an HFU characterized the samples. In comparison, the correlation coefficients obtained in the FCM method are less than those in the general case of all HFUs. This study aims to determine the flowing fluid in the porous medium of the Asmari reservoir employing the c-mean fuzzy logic. Also, by determining the facies of the rock units, especially the siliceous-clastic facies and log data in the Asmari Formation, the third and fourth flow units have the highest reservoir quality and permeability. Results can be compared to determining HFU in nearby wellbores without cores., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Laparoscopic surgeons attempting to treat Crohn's disease must have experience working with inflammatory bowel disease and advanced laparoscopic skills. Nonetheless, laparoscopy is dramatically changing all aspects of gastrointestinal surgery and inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn's disease, is likely to benefit, as well. This article defines the role of laparoscopy in treating Crohn's disease and outlines surgical therapy.

Introduction: Small bowel neoplasms account for only a small percentage of gastrointestinal tumors, but their prognosis is one of the worst., Purpose: This study examines the histopathology, treatment, recurrence, and overall survival of a group of patients with primary small bowel tumors., Methods: From 1970 to 1991, a retrospective review identified 73 patients with primary small bowel tumors. Four histologic groups were identified: 1) group 1, adenocarcinoma, 29 patients; group 2, lymphoma, 18 patients; group 3, sarcoma, 8 patients; and group 4, carcinoid, 18 patients. There were 44 men and 29 women. The median age was 57 years (range, 26 to 90). Median follow-up was 15 months. Survival analysis was by the Mantel-Cox and Breslow methods., Results: The most common, by type, was group 1, duodenum; group 2, jejunum; group 3, jejunum; and group 4, ileum. The preoperative diagnosis was made in only 14 patients. The median survival for adenocarcinomas and lymphomas was 13 months, 18 months for sarcomas, and 36 months for carcinoids. Curative resection could be achieved in 48 (65%) of 73 patients, and the median survival was significantly longer for this group (26 months vs. 11 months, p < 0.05). Of the 48 curative resections, 20 patients (42%) recurred: group 1, 8/19 (42%); group 2, 4/12 (33%); group 3, 4/13 (31%); group 4, 4/4 (100%). The median time to recurrence was 17 months, and the median survival after recurrence was 20 months. Adjuvant chemotherapy-radiation therapy did not alter survival in any group., Conclusions: The preoperative diagnosis of small bowel tumors rarely is made because symptoms are vague and nonspecific. Surgical resection for cure results in improved survival. Recurrence is common and survival after recurrence is poor. Other treatment methods have no role in the management of these patients.