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Ionic liquids (ILs) are a sort of green solvent that possess considerable promise for many industrial applications, such as the delignification of biomass. This study conducted an integrated life cycle assessment (LCA) and techno-economic analysis (TEA) of the utilization of 1 g of ILs for the ionosolv delignification process. [bmim][Cl] was selected as a case study. By using the CML 2001 environmental impact analysis method, 1 g of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [bmim][Cl] utilization for the ionosolv delignification process emitted 3.67 g CO2 eq of GWP100, 0.013 g SO2 eq of acidification potential, 0.015 g PO43- eq of eutrophication potential, and 32.417 g 1,4-DCB eq of HTP 20a.

We present a green and efficient approach for synthesizing vicinal diols via a metal‐free photocatalyzed pinacol coupling reaction in water or aqueous media. The mild and practical reaction conditions, including a commercially available organic photocatalyst and a nontoxic solvent, provide wide functional group tolerance while furnishing the corresponding vicinal diols in high yields. Mechanistic studies reveal the crucial role of Hantzsch ester (HEH), which undergoes single‐electron oxidation and subsequently acts as a proton donor to aldehydes for proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET). This work contributes to the development of environmentally friendly methodologies for carbon−carbon bond formation, aligning with the principles of green and sustainable chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to identify and examine the socioeconomic variables that affect happiness in Indonesia. Secondary data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) batch 5 survey, which included 16,698 respondents, was the source of the information used in this study. The probit model is used in the data analysis technique using a multilevel category as the dependent variable. According to the study's findings, age, gender, social capital, including religious observance and a sense of security, variable consumer spending, and willingness to help variables have no bearing on the likelihood of happiness in Indonesia. Neither do income level, health, education, or age. Income, education, health, and social capital levels [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we present a novel method for the synthesis of gem‐difluoroalkenes via visible‐light photoredox‐catalyzed defluoroaryloxymethylation of α‐trifluoromethyl alkenes using α‐silyl ethers as aryloxymethyl radical precursors. This reaction shows good functional group tolerance and provides the desired products in good to excellent yields. Based on mechanistic studies, we propose a reaction mechanism involving single‐electron oxidation of an α‐silyl ether to generate an α‐aryloxymethyl radical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the toxicity of the impurities of synthesized anthraquinone, this study clarified new catalytic compounds for kraft cooking with improved carbohydrate yield and delignification and less mutagenicity, which are important for ensuring the safety of paper products in contact with food. The 2-methylanthraquinone contents of teak (Tectona grandis) woods were 0.18–0.21%. Acetone extracts containing 2-methylanthraquinone from Myanmar and Indonesia teak woods as additives improved lignin removal during kraft cooking of eucalyptus wood, which resulted in kappa numbers that were 2.2–6.0 points lower than the absence of additive. Myanmar extracts and 2-methylanthraquinone improved carbohydrate yield in pulps with 1.7–2.2% yield gains. Indonesia extracts contained more deoxylapachol and its isomer than 2-methylanthraquinone. The residual content of 2-methylanthraquinone in the kraft pulp was trace. Although Ames tests showed that the Indonesia and Myanmar extracts were mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium, 2-methylanthraquinone was not. The kraft pulp obtained with the additives should be safe for food-packaging applications, and the addition of 0.03% 2-methylanthraquinone to kraft cooking saves forest resources and fossil energy in industries requiring increased pulp yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eugenol is an essential oil mainly found in the buds and leaves of clove (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merrill and Perry), which has been reported to have activity on inhibition of cell proliferation and apoptosis induction in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. This biological activity is correlated to its activity as an estrogen receptor antagonist. In this article, we present the construction and validation of structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) protocols to identify the potent estrogen receptor α (ER) antagonists. The selected protocol, which gave acceptable enrichment factors as a virtual screening protocol, subsequently used to virtually screen eugenol, its analogs and their dimers. Based on the virtual screening results, dimer eugenol of 4-[4-hydroxy-3-(prop-2-en-1- yl)phenyl]-2-(prop-2-en-1-yl)phenol is recommended to be developed further in order to discover novel and potent ER antagonists.