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Online learning causes teachers to be considered more active than students, so students' higher-order thinking skills decrease. Limited face-to-face learning is a new normal policy in the field of education. Learning models can be one way to recreate active learning to improve student's learning outcomes. This study determines the effectiveness of the problem-based learning (PBL) model in enhancing student learning outcomes of geography in new normal learning. This research is a nonequivalent pretest-posttest control group design. The population is all class XI social study (IPS) at Senior High School 13 Banjarmasin, Indonesia. The sample is used as the experimental group, namely XI IPS 3 totaling 17 students, and the sample is used as the control group, namely XI IPS 2 totaling 14 students. Data collection techniques use tests, non-test, interviews, and documentation. The results are the independent t-test in the experimental and control groups showed that the PBL model effectively improved student learning outcomes in geography in the new normal learning era. The implication is the PBL model can be applied to new normal learning by teachers by elaborating with learning technology which is still adapted to the characteristics of students so that learning objectives are achieved.

This research was conducted to analyze the application of make a match learning model to improve the learning outcome of geography in class X of SMA PGRI 4 Banjarmasin with the material of geography principles. This research employed a quasi-experimental design method, quantitative approach and non-equivalent of pre-test and post-test control group design. The research included two groups namely the control and experimental groups. The number of the population was 67 students. All students in class X were used as the samples, where class X 1 was as the experimental class and X2 was as the control class. Students in class X 1 and X-2 were 35 students and 32 students. The result of t-test showed that the value of post-test for experimental class using make a match learning model was 54.87. The post-test result from the control class using the conventional model was 48.05. The post-test using the make a match had the higher learning outcome than the conventional model. The make a match learning model had increased the student learning outcome of geography.

This study aimed to analyze sustainable peatland management to reduce the risk of peatland fires. Data were collected through observations and interviews with 20 informants, including farmers, civil servants, heads of government offices, and the Masyarakat Peduli Api (MPA) or Fire Care Community. Findings confirmed that knowledge of peatland characteristics, economic morals, local wisdom, and adaptation carried out by the community has an impact on sustainable peatland management. Local knowledge about the peatland, economic morals, and adaptations have been passed on from generation to generation by reducing land preparation by burning and using appropriate agricultural equipment and farming systems. Managing peatlands while maintaining local wisdom through the tapulikampar system is a better option to reduce the risk of land fires. If the community continues to maintain the local values in managing peatlands, the risk of fires on peatlands can be reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study delves into the intricate social dynamics of South Kalimantan's traditional diamond mines, revealing a potential for conflict amidst the promise of economic uplift. South Kalimantan is one of the provinces in Indonesia, known nationwide for its diamond production. Going beyond conventional economic and environmental perspectives, the research employs Galtung's Conflict Theory, examining the interplay of attitudes, behaviours, norms, values, and political influences. By adopting this nuanced approach, the study unveils hidden fault lines within these communities, providing a comprehensive understanding of how diverse factors converge to create discord. The consequences of unaddressed conflict include shattered livelihoods, environmental degradation, and fractured communities. The study employs rigorous quantitative methods to empower stakeholders in proactive conflict management, including questionnaires and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with data from 400 respondents. The findings underscore the significant roles of behaviours, attitudes, norms, and politics in fueling tension, with values demonstrating surprisingly less direct influence. This insight is a roadmap for conflict prevention and sustainable development, allowing stakeholders to tailor interventions based on specific conflict-driving factors. The study urges a shift from reactive to proactive measures, envisioning a future where prosperity continues and communities thrive in harmony, free from conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media has become an increasingly vital tool for human resource management (HRM) in many parts of the globe. However, Asian societies have adopted social media for HRM at a lesser rate than Western cultures, which are more egalitarian and open, leading to greater comfort with using social media for professional interactions, even with superiors. This article provides a comprehensive literature review on the use of social media in HRM in Asian societies. The review analyzes 590 studies published between 2013 and 2023, following the PRISMA protocol for systematic reviews and using VOSviewer. The results indicate that the number of publications on this topic has fluctuated, with a notable increase in interest since 2015. The most prolific countries in terms of publications are India, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Taiwan, South Korea, Thailand, and the UAE. The study identifies significant research clusters and discusses the difficulties encountered when implementing social media technologies in HRM within an Asian context. These obstacles include cultural factors such as collectivism, power distance, and privacy concerns. The controversial findings regarding the distinction between excellent research and practical implementation demonstrate the need for additional research to understand better the potential benefits and challenges of incorporating social media into HRM practices in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental damage is a negative effect of human activities. The young generation is saddled with the burden of environmental damage left by the previous generations and must take on a role as an agent of change in improving the environment. This study analyses the pro-environmental behaviour of Indonesian students, the factors affecting such behaviour, and efforts to improve those behaviours. This research uses a quantitative approach with survey methods. Four hundred seventy (470) students in the department of geography and department of geography education from various public and private universities in Indonesia have participated as research respondents. The research instrument used was a questionnaire employing the Likert scale. The research variables were environmental knowledge (X1), environmental responsibility (X2), value-belief-norm (X3), environmental education (X4), and pro-environmental behaviour (Y). Data were analysed using path analysis through partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) software version 3. Findings revealed high levels of proenvironmental behaviour, affected by environmental knowledge, environmental responsibility, value-belief-norm, and environmental education having convincing positive effects on forming environmental behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Repeated fires cause peatlands to degrade. Fire management has been carried out, but fires continue to occur, especially during the dry season. Through social capital that exists in the community based on the local wisdom of the Banjar people in environmental management, it is hoped that peatland fires can be overcome in this area. This research aims to analyze the social capital of the Banjar people in mitigating land fires based on local wisdom and the environment. The sample in this study was 250 people who live in an area prone to fires on peatlands in Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. There are three variables in this study, namely Trust (T), Network (N), and Norm (N). There are 33 Likert scale questions (1–4, strongly agree-strongly disagree). We also conducted interviews with 20 members of the Fire Care Community (MPA) to obtain information about the social capital of the Banjar community in mitigating land fires. The analysis used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The study results show norms have the greatest influence on disaster mitigation of peatland fires compared to trust and social networks. Norms in the community in the form of values from peatlands, rules, norms, and sanctions regulate the community more to deal with the problem of peatland fires than trust and social networks [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online learning causes teachers to be considered more active than students, so students' higher-order thinking skills decrease. Limited face-to-face learning is a new normal policy in the field of education. Learning models can be one way to recreate active learning to improve student's learning outcomes. This study determines the effectiveness of the problem-based learning (PBL) model in enhancing student learning outcomes of geography in new normal learning. This research is a nonequivalent pretest-posttest control group design. The population is all class XI social study (IPS) at Senior High School 13 Banjarmasin, Indonesia. The sample is used as the experimental group, namely XI IPS 3 totaling 17 students, and the sample is used as the control group, namely XI IPS 2 totaling 14 students. Data collection techniques use tests, non-test, interviews, and documentation. The results are the independent t-test in the experimental and control groups showed that the PBL model effectively improved student learning outcomes in geography in the new normal learning era. The implication is the PBL model can be applied to new normal learning by teachers by elaborating with learning technology which is still adapted to the characteristics of students so that learning objectives are achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conflicts that occur in oil palm plantations do not always have a negative impact, but there are also positive sides as driving factors for change. The research aims to analyze the positive impact of conflict on the rise of local entrepreneurs and the supporting factors for building businesses in swamp buffalo farming communities in South Kalimantan Province. The rise of local entrepreneurs in swamp buffalo farmers not only contributed to the turning of the wheels of the rural economy but also contributed to the study of social sciences. The research was conducted by qualitative methods. The research sites are central villages of swamp buffalo farms in South Kalimantan Province, which have been entered by oil palm plantations. Interviews were conducted with farmers, formal and non-formal leaders, wholesaler, members of the police, members of NGOs, and other community members who had similar businesses. There were 84 people. Observations were made on the new business objects of the breeders. Document studies and audio-visual recordings are carried out related to the activities of breeders. Data analysis uses an ethical perspective so that an overview of entrepreneurship carried out by swamp buffalo breeders is obtained from the researcher's point of view. The results showed that there was a positive impact on conflict for swamp buffalo farmers, namely the development of the entrepreneurial spirit. This is shown by the development of natural sources of livelihood other than raising swamp buffalo, which are developed based on natural conditions so that sustainable businesses are formed. The development of entrepreneurial spirit is determined by internal factors, namely trade culture and the habit of managing a business independently; and external in the form of market certainty to accommodate farmers ' products. The conclusion is that swamp buffalo breeders can become local entrepreneurs. The implication is that there is an economic turnover in rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wetland areas are rich with inland fisheries potential. However, the entry of oil palm plantations has threatened the existence of wetland ecosystems. Community rejection of the entry of oil palm plantations has created conflict between the two parties. Even though it is in a conflict area, the fishery potential has encouraged the development of fishing tourism which invites local tourists. The development of fishing tourism in wetlands not on contributes to the rotation of the rural economy and the study of social sciences. This study aims to determine the driving factors for the development of fishing tourism and their contribution to the community's economy. The research method used is qualitative research locations are villages that develop fishing tourism in South Kalimantan Province. Interviews were conducted with fish well owners, anglers, formal and non-formal figures, and community members who have businesses around fishing locations. The informants were 64 people. Observations were made of fishing objects. Document studies and audio-visual recordings were carried out regarding the activities of anglers. Data analysis uses an emic perspective, so an overview of fishing tourism from the point of view of the research subject. The results of the study show that the driving factors for the development of fishing tourism are wetland ecosystems as freshwater fish habitats and open road access, both opened by oil palm plantation companies and local governments. The development of this new type of business has contributed to the owners of fish wells and the informal business sector around fishing grounds. The conclusion is that fishing tourism can still be developed even though it is in a conflict area. The implication is the occurrence of economic cycles in rural areas and the sustainability of natural resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Banjarmasin City continues to develop rapidly. Malls and settlements are the newly built-up area that has reduced vegetation cover leading to changes in surface temperature in Banjarmasin City. Analysis of temperature changes is needed to determine the effect of increasing built-up areas and decreasing vegetation cover. The surface temperature can be detected and analyzed using satellite imagery. The study aimed to analyze the built-up area and vegetation density index and their effect on changes in surface temperature in Banjarmasin City from 2015 to 2019. We employed remote sensing and surveys to monitor and detect regional changes in urban areas due to rapid development. Built-up areas can be mapped using the Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI) algorithm, and vegetation density can be mapped using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) algorithm. The correlation value between building density and surface temperature in 2015 was 0.826, and in 2019, it was 0.969. This means that the NDBI of the built-up area density in 2015 and 2019 strongly correlates with surface temperature. Correlation values between the vegetation density score and the surface temperature were -0.860 in 2015 and -0.949 in 2019. All correlation results are negative, which means that the vegetation density has an inverse ratio to surface temperature; in other words, high vegetation density causes low surface temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preserving small-scale fisheries is the main concern of governments in sustainable growth development because more than 90% of fishers and workers make a living in this business including in floodplain wetlands currently affected by external shocks. Applying the sustainable livelihoods approach (SLA) and framework, this research aimed to analyse the impact of environmental changes on fishing livelihoods in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Questionnaire administration and in-depth interviews were employed as data collection methods, and structural equation modelling was tested on samples of 550 fishers. We found that environmental changes in natural conditions and human activities had adverse effects on the sustainability of fishing livelihoods. Fishers found massive development disruptive to their fishing activities, putting their livelihoods at risk and making them vulnerable. The findings further acknowledge cultural significance with livelihood resilience. Since The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) defines culture as "the entire and distinguishing way of society life", this dimension is integrated into the study's well-recognised framework. The government is recommended to re-evaluate its approach to balancing economic, social, environmental, and cultural factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sentinel-2 imagery can identify forest and land fires in underground parts, surface fires, and crown fires. The dNBR and RBR spectral indices on Sentinel-2 images proved accurate in identifying. This study analyzed the index value for burned area mapping in wetland areas using Sentinel-2 imagery data in 2019 and hotspot data from the MODIS data. The indices used to identify the burned area and the severity of the fire was the differenced normalized burn ratio (dNBR) and relativized burn ratio (RBR). Visual validation tests were performed by comparing RGB composite images to check the appearance before and after combustion with dNBR and RBR results. The dNBR value accuracy was 91.5%, and for a kappa, the accuracy was 89.58%. The RBR accuracy was 92.9%, and the kappa accuracy was 0.91. The results confirmed that in the Banjarbaru area, RBR was more accurate in identifying burned areas than dNBR; both indices can be used for burned area mapping in wetland areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explore the soil physical characteristics in wetland of Barito Delta from primary data of soil sample and electrical resistivity measurement with the support from some secondary data. We also estimate saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) in Barito Delta from soil physical characteristics applying Saxton and Rawls (1986) and Weynants et al. (2009). Soil texture profile is determined from interpolation of soil fraction in each layer applying Bayesian statistics to analyze soil physical characteristics in the landforms of Delta. Clay is the dominant soil fraction in the soil of Barito Delta. Clay fraction percentage decrease along the depth of soil profile as it reaches fine sand particles deriving from ancient sedimentation from the past. It is an opposite with soil organic matter content that has contrast value from 1st to 2nd soil depth, but a few discrepancy from 3rd depth to downward direction. The content of clay in the soil depends on the sedimentation activity in the landform. Clay is dominant soil particle in the Delta; in case, it is in flat area and there is no intensive of sea water sedimentation such as in Basin of Peat Anticline and Natural Levee. In more than 2 m depth of soil, loamy sand and silty clay textures are mostly in the landform that is influenced by sea water activity, while by river water is clay loam. Ks values from Saxton and Rawls (1986) are close to Ks values from the measurement of previous studies. Ks values are generally small in Barito Delta that is mostly ranging from 1.10−7 to 2 m s−1. Ks values are larger following the depth of soil profile. The values of Ks are smaller in Basin of Peat Anticline and Natural Levee than in Tidal Flat and Beach Ridge. It is because both landforms have clay as dominant soil particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forest and land fires occur every year in Indonesia. Efforts to handle forest and land fires have not been optimal because fires occur in too many places with unclear patterns and densities. The study analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of burned areas and fire density in fire-prone areas in Indonesia. Data of burned areas were taken from http://sipongi.menlhk.go.id/. The website collected its data from NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) images. Data were analyzed using the hot spot analysis to determine the spatiotemporal patterns of the burned areas and the kernel density analysis to examine the density of land fires. Findings showed that the spatiotemporal pattern from 2016 to 2019 formed a hot spot value in the peatland area with a confidence level of 90–99%, meaning that land fires were clustered in that area. In addition, the highest density of land fires also occurred in the peatland areas. Clustered burned areas with high fire density were found in areas with low–medium vegetation density—they were the peatland areas. The peatland areas must become the priority to prevent and handle forest and land fires to reduce fire risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wetland areas are volatile and have high iron content. In this study, through a remote sensing approach, especially using Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) imagery, we discussed the method to estimate the presence of iron oxide in the wetlands of South Kalimantan in 2018, 2019, and 2020. Interpretation of the Landsat OLI TIRS was employed in April 2018, August 2018, February 2019, August 2019, March 2020, and August 2020. The band ratio method was used to determine the distribution of samples in this study. The results of the iron oxide index from the image were performed regression and correlation analysis with field measurement and laboratory test results to validate the oxide index values. The results showed that the iron oxide index value in the dry season was higher than in the rainy season. Iron oxide index value in open land was higher than in vegetation cover. The wetland was in dry condition during the dry season, making it easier to detect iron oxide values. Vegetation cover could reduce the iron oxide index value on the soil surface so that the iron oxide value was more easily identified in open land. The results of linear regression testing for the wet season sample obtained a coefficient of determination R²= 0.413, while the results of linear regression testing for the dry season sample obtained a coefficient of determination R² = 0.667. Thus, the Landsat image has strong enough to estimate the iron oxide index in the wetland area of Kalimantan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peatland fires occur every year in the South Kalimantan Province Indonesia, particularly affecting soil characteristics. The purposes of this study are to analyse the physical aspects of soil (colour and soil texture) caused by fires and to investigate the chemical characteristics of soil (pH, Fe2+, P2O5, and K2O). This study used measurements in the field based on a map of peatland fires in the region and laboratory results. There were 24 samples in this study; they were taken in October 2018, which was about a month after the fire, and in January 2019, which was about four months after the burning. The samples were analysed regarding the soil colour, texture, pH, Fe2+, P2O5, and K2O. The results of the study indicated that the characteristics of the soil on burned land in October 2018 had higher pH, P2O5, and K2O levels than in January 2019. Fires occurred in soil brought changes to the soil physical and chemical properties. The added combustion ash affected the physical and chemical properties of the land, such as soil colour, texture, pH, P2O5, K2O, and Fe2+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem in this research is monitoring the forest fire disasters in South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. One form of technology that can be applied to support the forest fire prevention activities is remote sensing satellite technology. The objective of this research is to analyze the ability of the Landsat 8 OLI TIRS for monitoring post-fire forest changes based on the ΔNBR and ΔNDVI values. The data used in this research were ΔNBR and ΔNDVI generated from Landsat 8 OLI data record from August 11 to September 6, 2017. The research showed that burned areas in South Kalimantan Province could be identified from the Landsat 8 OLI imagery based on changes on the ΔNBR and ΔNDVI values. The former burned areas during the 2017 fire season in South Kalimantan Province (August- September) were mostly found in some regency such as Banjar, Hulu Sungai Utara, Hulu Sungai Selatan, Tapin, Tanah Laut, and Banjarbaru. The Landsat 8 OLI TIRS has longer spectral bands. The use of the NBR index using the SWIR band makes the Landsat 8 OLI TIRS to be more preferred than other imagery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was conducted to analyze the application of make a match learning model to improve the learning outcome of geography in class X of SMA PGRI 4 Banjarmasin with the material of geography principles. This research employed a quasi-experimental design method, quantitative approach and non-equivalent of pre-test and post-test control group design. The research included two groups namely the control and experimental groups. The number of the population was 67 students. All students in class X were used as the samples, where class X 1 was as the experimental class and X2 was as the control class. Students in class X 1 and X-2 were 35 students and 32 students. The result of t-test showed that the value of post-test for experimental class using make a match learning model was 54.87. The post-test result from the control class using the conventional model was 48.05. The post-test using the make a match had the higher learning outcome than the conventional model. The make a match learning model had increased the student learning outcome of geography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]