29 results on '"Dubus, Alain"'
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2. GEANT4 benchmark with MCNPX and PHITS for activation of concrete
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Tesse, Robin, Stichelbaut, Frédéric, Pauly, Nicolas, Dubus, Alain, and Derrien, Jonathan
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- 2018
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3. Thiolester substrates of dd-peptidases and β-lactamases
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Damblon, Christian, Ledent, Philippe, Zhao, Guo-Hua, Jamin, Marc, Dubus, Alain, Vanhove, Marc, Raquet, Xavier, Christiaens, Léon, and Frère, Jean-Marie
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- 1995
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4. Conformational Flexibility of the C Terminus with Implications for Substrate Binding and Catalysis Revealed in a New Crystal Form of Deacetoxycephalosporin C Synthase
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Öster, Linda M., van Scheltinga, Anke C. Terwisscha, Valegård, Karin, Hose, Alasdair MacKenzie, Dubus, Alain, Hajdu, Janos, and Andersson, Inger
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- 2004
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5. When drug inactivation renders the target irrelevant to antibiotic resistance: a case story with β-lactams
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Lakaye, Bernard, Dubus, Alain, Lepage, Sophie, Groslambert, S., and Frère, Jean-Marie
- Published
- 1999
6. Alteration of the Co-substrate Selectivity of Deacetoxycephalosporin C Synthase: THE ROLE OF ARGININE 258
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Lee, Hwei-Jen, Lloyd, Matthew D., Clifton, Ian J., Harlos, Karl, Dubus, Alain, Baldwin, Jack E., Frere, Jean-Marie, and Schofield, Christopher J.
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- 2001
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7. Studies of isopenicillin N synthase enzymatic properties using a continuous spectrophotometric assay
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Dubus, Alain, Sami, Malkit, Brown, Toby J.N., Schofield, Christopher J., Baldwin, Jack E., and Frère, Jean-Marie
- Published
- 2000
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8. Interface excitation parameter from dielectric response theory
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Vanbever, Antoine A.V., Pauly, Nicolas, and Dubus, Alain
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Physique de l'état condense [struct. électronique, etc.] ,Chimie ,Physique des surfaces ,Métallurgie ,Physique de l'état condense [struct. propr. thermiques, etc.] ,Physique de l'état condense [supraconducteur] ,dielectric function ,interface excitation ,surface excitation ,Chimie des solides - Abstract
We define the interface excitation parameter (IEP) as the change in excitation probability, caused by the presence of a medium-medium interface crossed by an electron, in comparison with an electron for which only bulk excitations are considered. This definition is established by analogy with the definition of the surface excitation parameter for which one of the two media of the interface is the vacuum and which has already been extensively studied. To calculate the IEP (as well as the energy-differential IEP or DIEP), we generalize the model developed by Tung, Chen, Kwei and Chou [C. J. Tung, Y. F. Chen, C. M. Kwei and T. L. Chou, Phys. Rev. B 49 (1994) 16684] from dielectric response theory for surface excitation parameter determination. We perform these calculations for angles between 0o and 60o, for electron energies between 200 and 3000eV and for various combinations of materials, chosen for their academic (as Al/In) or practical interest (as SiO2/Si for instance). We show that for materials with “similar” dielectric properties (metal/metal), the IEP is completely negligible. On the contrary when the materials of the interface are characterized by a large energy band gap difference, as metal/insulator or semiconductor/insulator, the IEP can reach a value of about 0.26 for the smallest electron energies considered here. Moreover, we show that for the SiO2/Si interface, the energy-differential IEP obtained from our model is in good agreement with previous experimental data. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., SCOPUS: cp.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2016
9. [OA239] Monte Carlo as quality control tool of machine performance and treatment planning system, is it a luxury or a necessity?
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Alhamada, Husein, Simon, Stephane, Jourani, Younes, Vandekerkhove, Christophe, Pauly, Nicolas, Dubus, Alain, and Reynaert, Nick
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- 2018
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10. Interface excitation parameter from dielectric response theory.
- Author
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Vanbever, Antoine, Pauly, Nicolas, and Dubus, Alain
- Subjects
ELECTRONIC excitation ,INELASTIC electron scattering ,EXCITED state energies ,DIELECTRIC properties ,ENERGY dissipation - Abstract
We define the interface excitation parameter (IEP) as the change in excitation probability, caused by the presence of a medium-medium interface crossed by an electron, in comparison with an electron for which only bulk excitations are considered. This definition is established by analogy with the definition of the surface excitation parameter for which one of the two media of the interface is the vacuum and which has already been extensively studied. To calculate the IEP (as well as the energy-differential IEP or DIEP), we generalize the model developed by Tung, Chen, Kwei and Chou [C. J. Tung, Y. F. Chen, C. M. Kwei and T. L. Chou, Phys. Rev. B 49 (1994) 16684] from dielectric response theory for surface excitation parameter determination. We perform these calculations for angles between 0
o and 60o , for electron energies between 200 and 3000eV and for various combinations of materials, chosen for their academic (as Al/In) or practical interest (as SiO2 /Si for instance). We show that for materials with 'similar' dielectric properties (metal/metal), the IEP is completely negligible. On the contrary when the materials of the interface are characterized by a large energy band gap difference, as metal/insulator or semiconductor/insulator, the IEP can reach a value of about 0.26 for the smallest electron energies considered here. Moreover, we show that for the SiO2 /Si interface, the energy-differential IEP obtained from our model is in good agreement with previous experimental data. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
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11. Structural and mechanistic studies of the orf12 gene product from the clavulanic acid biosynthesis pathway.
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Valegård, Karin, Iqbal, Aman, Kershaw, Nadia J., Ivison, David, Généreux, Catherine, Dubus, Alain, Blikstad, Cecilia, Demetriades, Marina, Hopkinson, Richard J., Lloyd, Adrian J., Roper, David I., Schofield, Christopher J., Andersson, Inger, and McDonough, Michael A.
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CLAVULANIC acid ,PENICILLIN-binding proteins ,STEROID isomerase ,CYCLASES ,C-terminal residues ,N-terminal residues ,EPIMERIZATION - Abstract
Structural and biochemical studies of the orf12 gene product (ORF12) from the clavulanic acid (CA) biosynthesis gene cluster are described. Sequence and crystallographic analyses reveal two domains: a C-terminal penicillin-binding protein (PBP)/β-lactamase-type fold with highest structural similarity to the class A β-lactamases fused to an N-terminal domain with a fold similar to steroid isomerases and polyketide cyclases. The C-terminal domain of ORF12 did not show β-lactamase or PBP activity for the substrates tested, but did show low-level esterase activity towards 3′- O-acetyl cephalosporins and a thioester substrate. Mutagenesis studies imply that Ser173, which is present in a conserved S XXK motif, acts as a nucleophile in catalysis, consistent with studies of related esterases, β-lactamases and D-Ala carboxypeptidases. Structures of wild-type ORF12 and of catalytic residue variants were obtained in complex with and in the absence of clavulanic acid. The role of ORF12 in clavulanic acid biosynthesis is unknown, but it may be involved in the epimerization of (3 S,5 S)-clavaminic acid to (3 R,5 R)-clavulanic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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12. REM 1, a New Type of Long Terminal Repeat Retrotransposon in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
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Përez-Alegre, Mónica, Dubus, Alain, and Fernández, Emilio
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TRANSPOSONS , *MOBILE genetic elements , *CHLAMYDOMONAS reinhardtii , *CHLAMYDOMONAS , *GENETICS , *PROTEINS , *CHROMATIN , *GENOMES - Abstract
A new long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon, named REMI, has been identified in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. It was found in low copy number, highly methylated, and with an inducible transpositional activity. This retrotransposon is phylogenetically related to Ty3-gypsy LTR retrotransposons and possesses new and unusual structural features. A regulatory module, ORF3p, is present in an inverse transcriptional orientation to that of the polyprotein and contains PHD-finger and chromodomains, which might confer specificity of the target site and are highly conserved in proteins involved in transcriptional regulation by chromatin remodeling. By using different wild-type and mutant strains, we show that CrREM1 was active with a strong transcriptional activity and amplified its copy number in strains that underwent foreign DNA integration and/or genetic crosses. However, integration of CrREM1 was restricted to these events even though the expression of its full-length transcripts remained highly activated. A regulatory mechanism of CrREM1 retrotransposition which would help to minimize its deleterious effects in the host genome is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2005
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13. The structural basis of cephalosporin formation in a mononuclear ferrous enzyme.
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Valegard, Karin, van Scheltinga, Anke C. Terwisscha, Dubus, Alain, Ranghino, Graziella, Oster, Linda M., Hajdu, Janos, and Andersson, Inger
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CEPHALOSPORINS ,PENICILLIN ,OXIDIZING agents ,IRON ,ENZYMES ,MOLECULAR biology - Abstract
Deacetoxycephalosporin-C synthase (DAOCS) is a mononuclear ferrous enzyme that transforms penicillins into cephalosporins by inserting a carbon atom into the penicillin nucleus. In the first half-reaction, dioxygen and 2-oxoglutarate produce a reactive iron-oxygen species, succinate and CO
2 . The oxidizing iron species subsequently reacts with penicillin to give cephalosporin and water. Here we describe high-resolution structures for ferrous DAOCS in complex with penicillins, the cephalosporin product, the cosubstrate and the coproduct. Steady-state kinetic data, quantum-chemical calculations and the new structures indicate a reaction sequence in which a 'booby-trapped' oxidizing species is formed. This species is stabilized by the negative charge of succinate on the iron. The binding sites of succinate and penicillin overlap, and when penicillin replaces succinate, it removes the stabilizing charge, eliciting oxidative attack on itself. Requisite groups of penicillin are within 1 Å of the expected position of a ferryl oxygen in the enzyme-penicillin complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2004
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14. pKa calculations for class C β-lactamases: The role of tyr-150.
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Lamotte-Brasseur, Josette, Dubus, Alain, and Wade, Rebecca C.
- Published
- 2000
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15. Role of asparagine 152 in catalysis of beta-lactam hydrolysis by Escherichia coli AmpC...
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Dubus, Alain and Normak, Staffan
- Subjects
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BETA lactamases , *HYDROLYSIS , *ASPARAGINE , *SITE-specific mutagenesis - Abstract
Investigates the role of asparagine 152 in the catalytic hydrolysis of beta-lactam by AmpC beta-lactamase of Escherichia coli. Effect of site-directed mutagenesis on the activity of AmpC beta-lactamase toward substrates and inhibitors; Comparison with other mutated classes of penicillin-sensitive enzymes.
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- 1995
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16. The role of tyrosine 150 in catalysis of beta-lactam hydrolysis by AmpC beta-lactamase from...
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Dubus, Alain and Normark, Staffan
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BETA lactamases , *ESCHERICHIA coli , *BACTERIAL genetics - Abstract
Examines the kinetics of beta-lactam hydrolysis by wild-type AmpC beta-lactamase from Escherichia coli and three mutant proteins created by substitution of tyrosine 150. Construction of plasmids and mutagenesis; Physical properties of mutants; Effects of mutations on kinetic properties.
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- 1994
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17. Role of residue lys315 in the mechanism of action of the Enterobacter cloacae 908R beta-lactamase.
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Monnaie, Didier and Dubus, Alain
- Subjects
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BETA lactamases , *CATALYSIS research - Abstract
Examines the role of the highly conserved lysine315 residue in the catalytic mechanism of a class C beta-lactamase. Use of site-directed mutagenesis; Effects of the mutations on the kinetics of penicillin G and cephalothin turnover; Pre-steady-state kinetics with carbenicillin at different pH; Activity at acidic pH.
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- 1994
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18. The roles of residues Tyr150, Glu272, and His314 in class C β-lactamases.
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Dubus, Alain, Ledent, Philippe, Lamotte-Brasseur, Josette, and Frère, Jean-Marie
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- 1996
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19. Pathogens old, new, and revived.
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Frère, Jean-Marie, Dubus, Alain, and Fonzé, Eveline
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PATHOGENIC microorganisms , *BACTERIAL diseases , *ANTIBACTERIAL agents - Abstract
Focuses on various pathogenic microbes. Bacterial species that have been identified as pathogens; Factors that serve to dull optimism in agents combating bacterial diseases; Information about antibacterial compounds.
- Published
- 1999
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20. Editiorial.
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Dubus, Alain and Sabelfeld, Karl
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MONTE Carlo method , *CONFERENCES & conventions - Abstract
The article introduces a series of papers presented at the VII Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science (IMACS) Seminar on Monte Carlo Methods published within the issue.
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- 2010
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21. Experimental and theoretical study of target thickness dependent electron yields induced by electrons in carbon
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Caron, Michel, Beuve, Michaël, Rothard, Hermann, Gervais, Benoit, Dubus, Alain, and Rösler, Max
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- 1998
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22. The β-lactamase cycle: a tale of selective pressure and bacterial ingenuity.
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Matagne, André, Dubus, Alain, Galleni, Moreno, and Frère, Jean-Marie
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- 1999
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23. A new weighted Monte Carlo algorithm for elastic electron backscattering from surfaces
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Atanassov, Emanouil, Dimov, Ivan, and Dubus, Alain
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ELECTRONS , *MONTE Carlo method , *BACKSCATTERING - Abstract
When a monoenergetic electron beam bombards a solid target, some electrons are backscattered without energy loss. This elastic electron backscattering effect plays an important role in many experimental techniques, like low-energy electron diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and others. Recently, the elastic peak has been used for the experimental determination of electron inelastic mean free paths (IMFPs) in the solid. This experimental determination (which is now considered as the most reliable [J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 28 (1999) 19] consists in comparing the measurement to a model calculation in which the IMFP is a parameter. In most cases for the model calculation, a simple non-analog Monte Carlo simulation (where the inelastic events are considered as absorptions and taken into account by a weight) is used. In many cases, long computational times are needed, especially when the solid angle of the electron detector is small. In this work, we introduce a new weighted Monte Carlo algorithm, which combines several techniques for variance reduction. Results of extensive numerical tests are presented, demonstrating the increased effectiveness of the new algorithm. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2003
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24. The enigmatic catalytic mechanism of active-site serine β-lactamases
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Galleni, Moreno, Lamotte-Brasseur, Josette, Raquet, Xavier, Dubus, Alain, Monnaie, Didier, Knox, James R., and Frère, Jean-Marie
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- 1995
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25. Advanced non-destructive methods for criticality safety and safeguards of used nuclear fuel
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Rossa, Riccardo, Labeau, Pierre-Etienne, Pauly, Nicolas, Capel, Pierre, Dubus, Alain, Borella, Alessandro, Schillebeeckx, Peter, and Peerani, Paolo
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spent fuel ,Génie nucléaire ,SINRD ,nuclear safeguards ,non-destructive assay ,PDET ,Sciences de l'ingénieur ,Monte Carlo - Abstract
The safeguards verification of spent nuclear fuel is one of the major concern for the safeguards community, as this material represents about 80% of all material placed under safeguards.This PhD thesis described the development of two passive non-destructive assay (NDA) techniques: the Self-Indication Neutron Resonance Densitometry (SINRD) and the Partial Defect Tester (PDET).The NDA methods were investigated with Monte Carlo simulations and the benchmark experiments for SINRD were performed at the GELINA facility of JRC-IRMM in Geel, Belgium.The results for the SINRD technique showed promising results for the direct quantification of 239Pu in spent fuel, and both techniques gave encouraging results for the detection of partial defects., Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
- Published
- 2016
26. A coupled experimental, numerical and statistical homogenization approach towards an accurate feedback relationship between porosity and diffusive properties of model cementitious materials in the field of reactive transport modelling
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Seigneur, Nicolas, Dubus, Alain, Labeau, Pierre-Etienne, Delplancke, Marie-Paule, Staquet, Stéphanie, Lagneau, Vincent VL, Dauzeres, Alexandre AD, Detilleux, Valéry VD, and Volckaert, Geert GV
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homogénéisation ,lixiviation ,transport réactif ,diffusion ,pâte de ciment modèle ,carbonatation ,Sciences de l'ingénieur - Abstract
Au vu de leurs différentes propriétés, les matériaux cimentaires sont largement considérés dans les différents projets de gestion de déchets radioactifs. Leurs propriétés mécaniques, leurs faibles coefficients de transport ainsi que leur capacité à fixer les principaux radionucléides sont les principaux avantages qui en font un des meilleurs choix pour la conception des barrières ouvragées.Pour les études de sûreté, leur durabilité est capitale. Au cours de la vie d’un tel dépôt,via l’infiltration d’eau ou les interfaces chimiquement agressives avec les argiles, les différents matériaux vont subir des perturbations physicochimiques qui vont altérer leurs structures et potentiellement compromettre leurs fonctions de sûreté. L’étendue de ces perturbations, fondamentale pour l’étude de sûreté, est contrôlée par les propriétés de transport de ces matériaux.Pour modéliser proprement ces phénomènes, il faut pouvoir coupler les évolutions géochimiques des matériaux tout en évaluant le transport à travers ceux-ci. C’est le but de différents codes de transport réactif, qui utilisent une loi de rétroaction pour modifier les propriétés de transport lors d’une modification de microstructure. Le problème est qu’il n’existe pas de loi de rétroaction adaptée aux matériaux cimentaires, qui possèdent une structure poreuse complexe du nanomètre jusqu’à plusieurs micromètres. En général, des lois empiriques de type Archie sont utilisées. Toutefois, même l’utilisation de lois plus sophistiquées ne permet pas de reproduire sensiblement les évolutions liées à la structure porale. Cette loi de rétroaction est probablement la principale raison pour laquelle les résultats de simulation ont du mal à reproduire lesrésultats expérimentaux. Le but de cette thèse est de proposer une meilleure loi de rétroaction et de l’intégrer dans un code de transport réactif.Pour ce faire, trois approches complémentaires ont été mises en oeuvre. La première, expérimentale,consiste en la réalisation des matériaux cimentaires les plus simples possibles :des phases C-S-H pures et une pâte de ciment modèle. Ces matériaux sont ensuite caractérisés finement :leurs propriétés de transport sont évaluées et une description fine de leur microstructure est obtenue. L’approche expérimentale consiste ensuite en la dégradation (par lixiviation et carbonatation sous eau) de la pâte de ciment modèle, afin de comprendre l’impact de ces dégradations sur la microstructure et les propriétés de transport.La deuxième partie, numérique, consiste en l’obtention d’un volume élémentaire représentatif de la pâte de ciment modèle, basée sur les caractérisations expérimentales. Différentes analyses de sensibilité et de propriétés de transport permettent de comprendre les liens entre les différents paramètres et les propriétés effectives. Ensuite, l’approche numérique modélise les dégradations.Ces approches numériques démontrent pourquoi les approches empiriques fonctionnent dans certains cas, et pas dans d’autres.La dernière partie dédiée à la modélisation mathématique développe une approche d’homogénéisation statistique de la diffusion, basée sur une description du phénomène à l’échelle du pore. Cette étude met en évidence des paramètres clés qui contrôlent les propriétés effectives de diffusion.C’est ce pour quoi il est démontré que cette approche, en plus d’être très adaptée aux matériaux cimentaires, est applicable à un large spectre de microstructures. Les paramètres mis en évidences ont intrinsèquement sensibles aux propriétés de percolation et de connectivités de la structure poreuse, qui sont centrales pour la compréhension des propriétés effectives de transport ainsi que l’impact des dégradations. La finalité de la thèse consiste en le couplage de ces différentes approches et en l’incorporation de celles-ci dans un code de transport réactif. Les résultats obtenus en utilisant différentes lois de rétroaction sont comparés entre eux. L’utilisation de lois de rétroaction basée sur l’étude tri-dimensionnelle de la microstructure améliore la comparaison aux résultats expérimentaux., Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
- Published
- 2016
27. Etude de blindages pour un faisceau de protons thérapeutique: simulations par les méthodes de Monte Carlo et mesures au centre de protonthérapie d'Essen
- Author
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Vanaudenhove, Thibault, Dubus, Alain, Pauly, Nicolas, Sparenberg, Jean-Marc, Stichelbaut, Frédéric T., Lacoste, Véronique, Lebreton, Lena, and De Lentdecker, Gilles
- Subjects
Monte Carlo method ,Monte-Carlo, Méthode de ,neutron ,Protons -- Therapeutic use ,Physique ,shielding ,proton therapy ,Protons -- Emploi en thérapeutique ,Monte Carlo ,protonthérapie - Abstract
Over the last few decades, radiotherapy using high-energy proton beams over the range from 50 MeV to 250 MeV has been increasingly used and developed. Indeed, it offers the possibility to focus the dose in a very narrow area around the tumor cells. The tumor control is improved compared to radiotherapy using photon beams and the healthy cells around the tumor are not irradiated since the range of charged particles is limited. However, due to nuclear reactions of the incident charged particles in the tissue, secondary high-energy radiations, essentially photons and neutrons, are produced and irradiate the treatment room.As a consequence, thick concrete shielding walls are placed around the treatment room to ensure that other people and workers received a dose as small as possible. The dose measurement is performed with specific dosemeters such as the WENDI-II, which gives a conservative estimation of the ambient dose equivalent up to 5 GeV. The dose in working areas may also be estimated by means of numerical calculations by using simulation codes of particle transport such as the GEANT4, MCNPX, FLUKA and PHITS Monte Carlo codes.Secondary particle yields calculated with Monte Carlo codes show discrepancies when different physical models are used but are globally in good agreement with experimental data from the literature. Neutron and photon doses decrease exponentially through concrete shielding wall but the neutron dose is definitely the main component behind a wall with sufficient thickness. Shielding parameters, e.g. attenuation coefficients, vary as functions of emission angle (regarding the incident beam direction), incident proton energy, and target material and composition.The WENDI-II response functions computed by using different hadronic models show also some discrepancies. Thermal treatment of hydrogen in the polyethylene composing the detector is also of great importance to calculate the correct response function and the detector sensitivity.Secondary particle sources in a proton therapy facility are essentially due to losses in cyclotron and beam interactions inside the energy selection system, with the treatment nozzle components and the target - patient or phantom. Numerical and experimental results of the dose in mazes show a good agreement for the most of detection points while they show large discrepancies in control rooms. Indeed, statistical consistency is reached with difficulty for both experimental and calculated results in control rooms since concrete walls are very thick in this case./La radiothérapie utilisant des faisceaux de protons d’énergie entre 50 MeV et 250 MeV s’est largement développée ces dernières années. Elle a l’immense avantage de pouvoir concentrer la dose due au faisceau incident de manière très efficace et très précise sur la tumeur, en épargnant les éventuels organes sains et sensibles aux radiations situés aux alentours. Cependant, des rayonnements « secondaires » très énergétiques sont créés par les réactions nucléaires subies par les protons lors de leur parcours dans les tissus, et peuvent sortir du patient. Des blindages entourant la salle de traitement et suffisamment épais doivent être présents afin que la dose reçue par les personnes se trouvant aux alentours soit la plus faible possible. La mesure de la dose se fait avec des dosimètres spécifiques et sensibles aux rayonnements de haute énergie, tels que le WENDI-II pour les neutrons. L’estimation de cette dose, et donc la modélisation des blindages, se fait également avec des codes de simulation numérique de transport de particules par les méthodes de Monte Carlo, tels que GEANT4, MCNPX, FLUKA et PHITS.La production de rayonnements secondaires calculée à l’aide de codes Monte Carlo montre des écarts significatifs lorsque différents modèles d’interactions physiques sont utilisés, mais est en bon accord avec des données expérimentales de référence. L’atténuation de la dose due aux neutrons et aux photons secondaires à travers un blindage composé de béton est exponentielle. De plus, la dose due aux neutrons est clairement la composante dominante au-delà d’une certaine épaisseur. Les paramètres d’atténuation, comme par exemple le coefficient d’atténuation, dépendent de l’angle d’émission (par rapport à la direction du faisceau incident), de l’énergie des protons incidents et de la nature et la composition de la cible.La fonction de réponse du dosimètre WENDI-II montre également des variations lorsque différents modèles physiques sont considérés dans les codes Monte Carlo. La prise en compte d’effets fins comme les états de vibration et de rotation des atomes d’hydrogène au sein du polyéthylène composant le détecteur se révèle essentielle afin de caractériser correctement la réponse du détecteur ainsi que sa sensibilité.L’émission secondaire dans un centre de protonthérapie est essentiellement due aux pertes dans le cyclotron et aux interactions du faisceau avec les systèmes de sélection de l’énergie, les composants de la tête de tir et le patient (ou le fantôme). L’évaluation numérique de la dose dans les labyrinthes des différentes salles du centre montre un bon accord avec les données expérimentales. Tandis que pour les points de mesure dans leur salle de contrôle respective, de larges différences peuvent apparaitre. Ceci est en partie dû à la difficulté d’obtenir des résultats statistiquement recevables du point de vue expérimental, mais aussi numérique, au vu de l’épaisseur des blindages entourant les salles de contrôle., Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
- Published
- 2014
28. IND-6, a highly divergent IND-type metallo-beta-lactamase from Chryseobacterium indologenes strain 597 isolated in Burkina Faso.
- Author
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Zeba B, De Luca F, Dubus A, Delmarcelle M, Simporé J, Nacoulma OG, Rossolini GM, Frère JM, and Docquier JD
- Subjects
- Adult, Amino Acid Sequence, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Cefepime, Ceftazidime chemistry, Ceftazidime pharmacology, Cephalexin chemistry, Cephalexin metabolism, Cephalosporins chemistry, Cephalosporins pharmacology, Cephalothin chemistry, Cephalothin metabolism, Chryseobacterium drug effects, Chryseobacterium genetics, Chryseobacterium isolation & purification, Female, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Protein Structure, Secondary, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, beta-Lactamases classification, beta-Lactamases genetics, beta-Lactamases metabolism, Chryseobacterium enzymology, beta-Lactamases chemistry
- Abstract
The genus Chryseobacterium and other genera belonging to the family Flavobacteriaceae include organisms that can behave as human pathogens and are known to cause different kinds of infections. Several species of Flavobacteriaceae, including Chryseobacterium indologenes, are naturally resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics (including carbapenems), due to the production of a resident metallo-beta-lactamase. Although C. indologenes presently constitutes a limited clinical threat, the incidence of infections caused by this organism is increasing in some settings, where isolates that exhibit multidrug resistance phenotypes (including resistance to aminoglycosides and quinolones) have been detected. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a new IND-type variant from a C. indologenes isolate from Burkina Faso that is resistant to beta-lactams and aminoglycosides. The levels of sequence identity of the new variant to other IND-type metallo-beta-lactamases range between 72 and 90% (for IND-4 and IND-5, respectively). The purified enzyme exhibited N-terminal heterogeneity and a posttranslational modification consisting of the presence of a pyroglutamate residue at the N terminus. IND-6 shows a broad substrate profile, with overall higher turnover rates than IND-5 and higher activities than IND-2 and IND-5 against ceftazidime and cefepime.
- Published
- 2009
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29. Method for estimation of low outer membrane permeability to beta-lactam antibiotics.
- Author
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Lakaye B, Dubus A, Joris B, and Frère JM
- Subjects
- Acylation, Algorithms, Bacteria genetics, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Enterobacter drug effects, Fluorescent Dyes, Hydrolysis, Membranes metabolism, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Models, Biological, Penicillin G metabolism, Penicillins metabolism, Permeability, Plasmids, beta-Lactamases metabolism, Anti-Bacterial Agents metabolism, Bacteria metabolism
- Abstract
The outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria plays a major role in beta-lactam resistance as it slows down antibiotic entry into the periplasm and therefore acts in synergy with beta-lactamases and efflux systems. Up to now, the quantitative estimation of low outer membrane permeability by the method of Zimmermann and Rosselet was difficult because of the secreted and cell surface-associated beta-lactamases. The method presented here uses the acylation of a highly sensitive periplasmic penicillin-binding protein (PBP) (BlaR-CTD) to assess the rate of beta-lactam penetration into the periplasm. The method is dedicated to measurement of low permeability and is only valid when the diffusion rate through the outer membrane is rate limiting. Cytoplasmic membrane associated PBPs do not interfere since they are acylated after the very sensitive BlaR-CTD. This method was used to measure the permeability of beta-lactamase-deficient strains of Enterobacter cloacae and Enterobacter aerogenes to benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, cefotaxime, aztreonam, and cephacetrile. Except for that of cephacetrile, the permeability coefficients were equal to or below 10(-7) cm/s. For cephacetrile, carbenicillin, and benzylpenicillin, the outer membrane of E. cloacae was 20 to 60 times less permeable than that of Escherichia coli, whereas for cefotaxime, aztreonam, and ampicillin it was, respectively, 400, 1,000, and 700 times less permeable. The permeability coefficient for aztreonam is the lowest ever measured (P = 3.2 x 10(-9) cm/s). Using these values, the MICs for a beta-lactamase-overproducing strain of E. cloacae were successfully predicted, demonstrating the validity of the method.
- Published
- 2002
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