22 results on '"Evelyn B. Parr"'
Search Results
2. Combined effects of exercise and different levels of acute hypoxic severity: A randomized crossover study on glucose regulation in adults with overweight
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Chris Chow Li Tee, Evelyn B. Parr, Matthew B. Cooke, Mee Chee Chong, Nurhamizah Rahmat, Mohd Rizal Md Razali, Wee Kian Yeo, and Donny M. Camera
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hypoxia ,low-intensity exercise ,exerkines ,apelin ,FGF-21 ,Physiology ,QP1-981 - Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of manipulating hypoxic severity with low-intensity exercise on glucose regulation in healthy overweight adults.Methods: In a randomized crossover design, 14 males with overweight (age: 27 ± 5 years; body mass index (BMI) 27.1 ± 1.8 kg⋅m2) completed three exercise trials involving 60 min aerobic exercise cycling at 90% lactate threshold in normoxia (NM, FiO2 = 20.9%), moderate hypoxia (MH, FiO2 = 16.5%) and high hypoxia (HH, FiO2 = 14.8%). A post-exercise oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. Venous blood samples were analyzed for incremental area under the curve (iAUC), plasma glucose and insulin, as well as exerkine concentrations (plasma apelin and fibroblast growth factor 21 [FGF-21]) pre- and post-exercise. A 24-h continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was used to determine interstitial glucose concentrations. Heart rate, oxygen saturation (SpO2) and perceptual measures were recorded during exercise.Results: Post-exercise OGTT iAUC for plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were lower in MH vs. control (p = 0.02). Post-exercise interstitial glucose iAUC, plasma apelin and FGF-21 were not different between conditions. Heart rate was higher in HH vs. NM and MH, and MH vs. NM (p < 0.001), while SpO2 was lower in HH vs. NM and MH, and MH vs. NM (p < 0.001). Overall perceived discomfort and leg discomfort were higher in HH vs. NM and MH (p < 0.05), while perceived breathing difficulty was higher in HH vs. NM only (p = 0.003).Conclusion: Compared to higher hypoxic conditions, performing acute aerobic-based exercise under moderate hypoxia provided a more effective stimulus for improving post-exercise glucose regulation while concomitantly preventing excessive physiological and perceptual stress in healthy overweight adults.
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- 2023
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3. 'I want to get myself as fit as I can and not die just yet' – Perceptions of exercise in people with advanced cancer and cachexia: a qualitative study
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Kelcey A. Bland, Meinir Krishnasamy, Evelyn B. Parr, Stella Mulder, Peter Martin, Luc J. C. van Loon, Prue Cormie, Natasha Michael, and Eva M. Zopf
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Advanced cancer ,Palliative care ,Cancer cachexia ,Exercise ,Physical activity ,Barriers ,Special situations and conditions ,RC952-1245 - Abstract
Abstract Cachexia is a prevalent muscle wasting syndrome among people with advanced cancer that profoundly impacts patient quality of life (QoL) and physical function. Exercise can improve QoL, physical function, and overall health in people with cancer and may be an important addition to treatment approaches for cancer cachexia. Greater understanding of patients’ perception of exercise can help elucidate the feasibility of implementing exercise interventions for cancer cachexia and facilitate the design of patient-centered interventions. We aimed to describe the perception of exercise in patients with advanced cancer and cachexia, and capture exercise motivators, barriers, and preferences, to inform the feasibility of exercise interventions. Individual interviews (n = 20) with patients with locally advanced or metastatic cancer with cachexia were conducted and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Main themes from interviews were: 1) Life is disrupted by cancer and cachexia; 2) Exercise offers hope; 3) Exercise barriers are multifaceted; and 4) Exercise access and support are important. Participants reported that their cancer and cachexia had intensely altered their lives, including ability to exercise. Exercise was perceived as important and participants described a hope for exercise to improve their health and wellbeing. Yet, several complex exercise barriers, such as burdensome cancer symptoms and the overwhelming impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, hindered exercise participation and prevented participants from fully realizing the perceived benefits of exercise. Factors believed to improve exercise engagement and overcome exercise barriers included increased exercise support (e.g., professional supervision) and accessibility (e.g., convenient locations). Patient-reported exercise barriers and preferences can inform the design of exercise interventions, particularly within future research studies aiming to establish exercise feasibility and efficacy in people with advanced cancer and cachexia.
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- 2022
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4. Time-restricted feeding alters lipid and amino acid metabolite rhythmicity without perturbing clock gene expression
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Leonidas S. Lundell, Evelyn B. Parr, Brooke L. Devlin, Lars R. Ingerslev, Ali Altıntaş, Shogo Sato, Paolo Sassone-Corsi, Romain Barrès, Juleen R. Zierath, and John A. Hawley
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Science - Abstract
Time restricted feeding has several health benefits. Here the authors perform a randomised cross-over study with 11 men with overweight/obesity to investigate how time restricted feeding affects skeletal muscle and serum, and report that it does not affect the core circadian machinery, but modifies periodicity in amino acid related metabolites and transporters.
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- 2020
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5. Circulating and Adipose Tissue miRNAs in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Responses to High-Intensity Interval Training
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Sofie Lionett, Ida A. Kiel, Donny M. Camera, Eszter Vanky, Evelyn B. Parr, Stian Lydersen, John A. Hawley, and Trine Moholdt
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exercise ,miRNA-27b ,insulin resistance ,epigenetic modifications ,cardiorespiratory fitness ,female ,Physiology ,QP1-981 - Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. In women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), several miRNAs are differentially expressed compared to women without PCOS, suggesting a role for miRNAs in PCOS pathophysiology. Exercise training modulates miRNA abundance and is primary lifestyle intervention for women with PCOS. Accordingly, we measured the expression of eight circulating miRNAs selected a priori along with miRNA expression from gluteal and abdominal adipose tissue (AT) in 12 women with PCOS and 12 women matched for age and body mass index without PCOS. We also determined the miRNA expression “signatures” before and after high-intensity interval training (HIT) in 42 women with PCOS randomized to either: (1) low-volume HIT (LV-HIT, 10 × 1 min work bouts at maximal, sustainable intensity, n = 13); (2) high-volume HIT (HV-HIT, 4 × 4 min work bouts reaching 90–95% of maximal heart rate, n = 14); or (3) non-exercise control (Non-Ex, n = 15). Both HIT groups trained three times/week for 16 weeks. miRNAs were extracted from plasma, gluteal and abdominal AT, and quantified via a customized plate array containing eight miRNAs associated with PCOS and/or exercise training responses. Basal expression of circulating miRNA-27b (c-miR-27b), implicated in fatty acid metabolism, adipocyte differentiation and inflammation, was 1.8-fold higher in women with compared to without PCOS (P = 0.006) despite no difference in gluteal or abdominal AT miR-27b expression. Only the HV-HIT protocol increased peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak L/min; 9%, P = 0.008). There were no changes in body composition. In LV-HIT, but not HV-HIT, the expression of c-miR-27b decreased (0.5-fold, P = 0.007). None of the remaining seven circulating miRNAs changed in LV-HIT, nor was the expression of gluteal or abdominal AT miRNAs altered. Despite increased cardiorespiratory fitness, HV-HIT did not alter the expression of any circulating, gluteal or abdominal AT miRNAs. We conclude that women with PCOS have a higher basal expression of c-miR-27b compared to women without PCOS and that 16 weeks of LV-HIT reduces the expression of this miRNA in women with PCOS. Intense exercise training had little effect on the abundance of the selected miRNAs within subcutaneous AT depots in women with PCOS.
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- 2020
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6. Human metabolomics reveal daily variations under nutritional challenges specific to serum and skeletal muscle
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Shogo Sato, Evelyn B. Parr, Brooke L. Devlin, John A. Hawley, and Paolo Sassone-Corsi
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Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 - Abstract
Objective: Advances in the field of metabolomics and the concomitant development of bioinformatics tools constitute a promising avenue towards the development of precision medicine and personalized profiling for numerous disease states. Studies in animal models have strengthened this concept, but the application in human subjects is scarce. Methods: Utilizing high-throughput metabolomics, we have analyzed the metabolome levels of human serum and skeletal muscle in the morning and evening in response to divergent nutritional challenges in order to identify unique signatures present in serum and muscle. Results: We reveal dynamic daily variation of human metabolome unique to serum and muscle. The overall effect of nutritional challenges on the serum and muscle metabolome results in a profound rewiring of morning-evening metabolic profiles in human participants in response to the timing and type of dietary challenge. Conclusion: We highlight time-of-day and meal-composition dependence of reprogramming of human metabolome by nutritional challenges. Keywords: Circadian clock, Human, Serum metabolome, Skeletal muscle metabolome, High fat diet, High carbohydrate diet
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- 2018
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7. Author Correction: Time-restricted feeding alters lipid and amino acid metabolite rhythmicity without perturbing clock gene expression
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Leonidas S. Lundell, Evelyn B. Parr, Brooke L. Devlin, Lars R. Ingerslev, Ali Altıntaş, Shogo Sato, Paolo Sassone-Corsi, Romain Barrès, Juleen R. Zierath, and John A. Hawley
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Science - Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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- 2020
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8. Eight-hour time-restricted eating does not lower daily myofibrillar protein synthesis rates
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Evelyn B. Parr, Imre W. K. Kouw, Michael J. Wheeler, Bridget E. Radford, Rebecca C. Hall, Joan M. Senden, Joy P. B. Goessens, Luc J. C. van Loon, John A. Hawley, Humane Biologie, RS: NUTRIM - R3 - Respiratory & Age-related Health, Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, and Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group
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Male ,Adult ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Endocrinology ,Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ,Blood Glucose/metabolism ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring ,Obesity/metabolism ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Humans ,Middle Aged ,diet - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the impact of time-restricted eating (TRE) on integrated skeletal muscle myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) rates in males with overweight/obesity.METHODS: A total of 18 healthy males (age 46 ± 5 years; BMI: 30 ± 2 kg/m2 ) completed this exploratory, parallel, randomized dietary intervention after a 3-day lead-in diet. Participants then consumed an isoenergetic diet (protein: ~1.0 g/kg body mass per day) following either TRE (10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.) or an extended eating control (CON; 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m.) protocol for 10 days. Integrated MyoPS rates were measured using deuterated water administration with repeated saliva, blood, and muscle sampling. Secondary measures included continuous glucose monitoring and body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry).RESULTS: There were no differences in daily integrated MyoPS rates (TRE: 1.28% ± 0.18% per day, CON: 1.26% ± 0.22% per day; p = 0.82) between groups. From continuous glucose monitoring, 24-hour total area under the curve was reduced following TRE (-578 ± 271 vs. CON: 12 ± 272 mmol/L × 24 hours; p = 0.001). Total body mass declined (TRE: -1.6 ± 0.9 and CON: -1.1 ± 0.7 kg; p CONCLUSION: Consuming food within an 8-hour time-restricted period does not lower daily MyoPS rates when compared with an isoenergetic diet consumed over 12 hours. Future research should investigate whether these results translate to free-living TRE.
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- 2023
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9. Author Correction: Time-restricted feeding alters lipid and amino acid metabolite rhythmicity without perturbing clock gene expression
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Juleen R. Zierath, Leonidas S. Lundell, Paolo Sassone-Corsi, Shogo Sato, Lars R. Ingerslev, John A. Hawley, Brooke L. Devlin, Romain Barrès, Evelyn B. Parr, and Ali Altıntaş
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Adult ,Male ,Science ,Metabolite ,Metabolic disorders ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Gene Expression ,Biology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,Circadian Clocks ,Time restricted feeding ,Humans ,Amino Acids ,lcsh:Science ,Author Correction ,Muscle, Skeletal ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Multidisciplinary ,Cross-Over Studies ,General Chemistry ,Fasting ,Overweight ,Lipid Metabolism ,Lipids ,Amino acid ,Circadian Rhythm ,CLOCK ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,lcsh:Q - Abstract
Time-restricted feeding (TRF) improves metabolism independent of dietary macronutrient composition or energy restriction. To elucidate mechanisms underpinning the effects of short-term TRF, we investigated skeletal muscle and serum metabolic and transcriptomic profiles from 11 men with overweight/obesity after TRF (8 h day
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- 2020
10. Time-restricted feeding alters lipid and amino acid metabolite rhythmicity without perturbing clock gene expression
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Brooke L. Devlin, Leonidas S. Lundell, Paolo Sassone-Corsi, Romain Barrès, Shogo Sato, Ali Altıntaş, Juleen R. Zierath, Lars R. Ingerslev, Evelyn B. Parr, John A. Hawley, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Australian Catholic University (ACU), Department of Biological Chemistry [Irvine, CA, États-Unis], Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism [Irvine, CA, États-Unis], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], This research was supported by a Novo Nordisk Foundation Challenge Grant (NNF14OC0011493) to P.S-C., J.R.Z. and J.A.H., a Novo Nordisk Foundation Basic Metabolic Research Center Grant (NNF18CC003490) to J.R.Z., a Swedish Research Council, Distinguished Professor Award (2015-00165) to J.R.Z. and an ACURF grant (ACURF 2016000353) to J.A.H. Metabolon Inc. generated the metabolic analysis, and L.S.L., L.R.I, and A.A. performed the data analysis., Bodescot, Myriam, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-University of California [Irvine] (UCI), University of California-University of California-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-University of California [Irvine] (UCI), and University of California-University of California
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0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Science ,Metabolite ,Metabolic disorders ,General Physics and Astronomy ,[SDV.BBM.BM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,Gene expression ,medicine ,Amino acid transporter ,lcsh:Science ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,[SDV.MHEP.EM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism ,Multidisciplinary ,Chemistry ,Skeletal muscle ,Lipid metabolism ,[SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology ,General Chemistry ,Metabolism ,[SDV.MHEP.EM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism ,Amino acid ,CLOCK ,[SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,lcsh:Q ,[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Time-restricted feeding (TRF) improves metabolism independent of dietary macronutrient composition or energy restriction. To elucidate mechanisms underpinning the effects of short-term TRF, we investigated skeletal muscle and serum metabolic and transcriptomic profiles from 11 men with overweight/obesity after TRF (8 h day−1) and extended feeding (EXF, 15 h day−1) in a randomised cross-over design (trial registration: ACTRN12617000165381). Here we show that muscle core clock gene expression was similar after both interventions. TRF increases the amplitude of oscillating muscle transcripts, but not muscle or serum metabolites. In muscle, TRF induces rhythmicity of several amino acid transporter genes and metabolites. In serum, lipids are the largest class of periodic metabolites, while the majority of phase-shifted metabolites are amino acid related. In conclusion, short-term TRF in overweight men affects the rhythmicity of serum and muscle metabolites and regulates the rhythmicity of genes controlling amino acid transport, without perturbing core clock gene expression., Time restricted feeding has several health benefits. Here the authors perform a randomised cross-over study with 11 men with overweight/obesity to investigate how time restricted feeding affects skeletal muscle and serum, and report that it does not affect the core circadian machinery, but modifies periodicity in amino acid related metabolites and transporters.
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- 2020
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11. A Delayed Morning and Earlier Evening Time-Restricted Feeding Protocol for Improving Glycemic Control and Dietary Adherence in Men with Overweight/Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial
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Evelyn B. Parr, Bridget E. Radford, Brooke L. Devlin, and John A. Hawley
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Adult ,Blood Glucose ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,insulin ,obesity ,Time Factors ,Evening ,fasting ,dietary patterns ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,lcsh:TX341-641 ,Overweight ,Incretins ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,acceptability ,medicine ,Humans ,glucose ,Meals ,Morning ,Glycemic ,Cross-Over Studies ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,Area under the curve ,medicine.disease ,Crossover study ,Obesity ,Treatment Outcome ,Endocrinology ,Postprandial ,appetite ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Patient Compliance ,Sedentary Behavior ,medicine.symptom ,Energy Intake ,business ,diet ,metabolism ,lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Food Science - Abstract
We determined the effects of time-restricted feeding (TRF, 8 h/d) versus extended feeding (EXF, 15 h/d) on 24-h and postprandial metabolism and subjective opinions of TRF in men with overweight/obesity. In a randomized crossover design, 11 sedentary males (age 38 ±, 5 y, BMI: 32.2 ±, 2.0 kg/m2) completed two isoenergetic diet protocols for 5 days, consuming meals at 1000, 1300 and 1700 h (TRF) or 0700, 1400 and 2100 h (EXF). On Day 5, participants remained in the laboratory for 24 h, and blood samples were collected at hourly (0700&ndash, 2300 h) then 2-hourly (2300&ndash, 0700 h) intervals for concentrations of glucose, insulin and appetite/incretin hormones. Structured qualitative interviews were conducted following completion of both dietary conditions and investigated thematically. Total 24-h area under the curve (AUCtotal) [glucose] tended to be lower for TRF versus EXF (&minus, 5.5 ±, 9.0 mmol/L/h, P = 0.09). Nocturnal glucose AUC was lower in TRF (&minus, 4.2 ±, 5.8 mmol/L/h, P = 0.04), with no difference in waking glucose AUC or AUCtotal for [insulin]. Attitudes towards TRF were positive with improved feelings of well-being. Barriers to TRF were work schedules, family commitments and social events. Compared to extended feeding, short-term TRF improved nocturnal glycemic control and was positively perceived in men with overweight/obesity.
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- 2020
12. A time to eat and a time to exercise
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Evelyn B. Parr, John A. Hawley, and Leonie K. Heilbronn
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Gerontology ,Time Factors ,animal structures ,MEDLINE ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Metabolic Diseases ,Risk Factors ,circadian biology ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Healthy Lifestyle ,Exercise physiology ,Meals ,Metabolic health ,metabolic health ,exercise ,Perspective (graphical) ,Fasting ,030229 sport sciences ,Circadian Rhythm ,meal timing ,time-restricted eating ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists - Abstract
This Perspective for Progress provides a synopsis for the potential of time-restricted eating (TRE) to rescue some of the deleterious effects on circadian biology induced by our modern-day lifestyle. We provide novel insights into the comparative and potential complementary effects of TRE and exercise training on metabolic health.
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- 2020
13. Improving reproductive function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome with high-intensity interval training (IMPROV-IT): study protocol for a two-centre, three-armed randomised controlled trial
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Helen Jones, Evelyn B. Parr, Ida Almenning Kiel, Trine Moholdt, Sofie Lionett, Øyvind Salvesen, Maria Aurora Hernandez Røset, and Eszter Vanky
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Adult ,Infertility ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Reproductive medicine ,Fertility ,High-Intensity Interval Training ,law.invention ,Anovulation ,RC1200 ,Young Adult ,Randomized controlled trial ,Pregnancy ,law ,medicine ,Humans ,Multicenter Studies as Topic ,Sports and Exercise Medicine ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,media_common ,clinical trials ,sports medicine ,Norway ,business.industry ,Australia ,Subfertility ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Polycystic ovary ,Clinical trial ,Reproductive Health ,Quality of Life ,Physical therapy ,Medicine ,Female ,business ,High-intensity interval training ,Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ,reproductive medicine - Abstract
IntroductionPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age and the leading cause of anovulatory infertility. Women with PCOS have a 15-fold higher prevalence of infertility, compared with women without PCOS, independent of body mass index (BMI). A healthy lifestyle is recommended to improve overall health and fertility in PCOS but there is limited evidence on the isolated effects of exercise, especially for reproductive outcomes. Previous findings indicate superior metabolic health benefits after vigorous compared with moderate-intensity exercise. Our primary aim is to determine the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIT) on menstrual frequency, as a proxy of reproductive function, in women with PCOS.Methods and analysisThe study is a two-centre, randomised, controlled trial with three parallel groups. Women (n=64) from Trondheim (Norway) and Melbourne (Australia) with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria will be randomly allocated (1:1:1) to high-volume HIT, low-volume HIT or a control group with no exercise after stratifying for BMI < or ≥ 27 kg/m2and study centre. Measurements for study end points will be undertaken at baseline, after a 16 week exercise intervention and at 12 months following baseline assessments. The primary outcome measure is menstruation frequency, measured as the number of self-reported menstrual bleedings divided by the number of expected menstrual bleedings during a 12-month period. Secondary outcome measurements include markers of cardiovascular, metabolic and reproductive health, as well as quality of life and adherence to and enjoyment of exercise.Ethics and disseminationThe Regional Committee Medical Research Ethics, Norway, and The Australian Catholic University Human Research Ethics Committee, Australia, have approved the trial protocol. This trial will provide new insight regarding the impact of exercise on fertility in PCOS. We expect this trial to contribute to new therapeutic exercise strategies as part of clinical care for women with PCOS.Trial registration numberClinical trial govNCT02419482.
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- 2020
14. Effects of Providing High-Fat versus High-Carbohydrate Meals on Daily and Postprandial Physical Activity and Glucose Patterns: a Randomised Controlled Trial
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David W. Dunstan, Jennifer M. Blankenship, John A. Hawley, Bridget E. Radford, Evelyn B. Parr, Brooke L. Devlin, and Marcus J. Callahan
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0301 basic medicine ,Adult ,Blood Glucose ,Male ,Time Factors ,Victoria ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,lcsh:TX341-641 ,Overweight ,Diet, High-Fat ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Animal science ,sedentary ,medicine ,Dietary Carbohydrates ,Glucose homeostasis ,Homeostasis ,Humans ,Exercise ,Meals ,Sedentary lifestyle ,Meal ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Cross-Over Studies ,business.industry ,activity ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Area under the curve ,glycaemic ,Feeding Behavior ,Middle Aged ,Postprandial Period ,Crossover study ,diet ,glycaemic control ,Postprandial ,Blood sugar regulation ,medicine.symptom ,Sedentary Behavior ,business ,Energy Intake ,Nutritive Value ,lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Biomarkers ,Food Science - Abstract
We determined the effects of altering meal timing and diet composition on temporal glucose homeostasis and physical activity measures. Eight sedentary, overweight/obese men (mean ± SD, age: 36 ± 4 years; BMI: 29.8 ± 1.8 kg/m2) completed two × 12-day (12-d) measurement periods, including a 7-d habitual period, and then 5 d of each diet (high-fat diet [HFD]: 67:15:18% fat:carbohydrate:protein versus high-carbohydrate diet [HCD]: 67:15:18% carbohydrate:fat:protein) of three meals/d at ±30 min of 0800 h, 1230 h, and 1800 h, in a randomised order with an 8-d washout. Energy intake (EI), the timing of meal consumption, blood glucose regulation (continuous glucose monitor system (CGMS)), and activity patterns (accelerometer and inclinometer) were assessed across each 12-d period. Meal provision did not alter the patterns of reduced physical activity, and increased sedentary behaviour following dinner, compared with following breakfast and lunch. The HCD increased peak (+1.6 mmol/L, p < 0.001), mean (+0.5 mmol/L, p = 0.001), and total area under the curve (+670 mmol/L/min, p = 0.001), as well as 3-h postprandial meal glucose concentrations (all p < 0.001) compared with the HFD. In overweight/obese males, the provision of meals did not alter physical activity patterns, but did affect glycaemic control. Greater emphasis on meal timing and composition is required in diet and/or behaviour intervention studies to ensure relevance to real-world behaviours.
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- 2018
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15. High dietary fat intake increases fat oxidation and reduces skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration in trained humans
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James P. Morton, Brooke L. Devlin, Jill J. Leckey, Evelyn B. Parr, Nolan J. Hoffman, John A. Hawley, Nigel K. Stepto, Adam J. Trewin, and Louise M. Burke
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,substrate utilization ,adaptation ,Mitochondrion ,Biochemistry ,RC1200 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted ,0302 clinical medicine ,Time trial ,Oxygen Consumption ,Internal medicine ,mitochondrial respiration ,Respiration ,Genetics ,medicine ,Humans ,muscle mitochondrion ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Molecular Biology ,Nutrition ,exercise ,Skeletal muscle ,030229 sport sciences ,Metabolism ,Carbohydrate ,Crossover study ,Mitochondrial respiration ,Dietary Fats ,Mitochondria, Muscle ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,carbohydrate ,Oxidation-Reduction ,metabolism ,Biotechnology - Abstract
High-fat, low-carbohydrate (CHO) diets increase whole-body rates of fat oxidation and down-regulate CHO metabolism. We measured substrate utilization and skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration to determine whether these adaptations are driven by high fat or low CHO availability. In a randomized crossover design, 8 male cyclists consumed 5 d of a high-CHO diet [>70% energy intake (EI)], followed by 5 d of either an isoenergetic high-fat (HFAT; >65% EI) or high-protein diet (HPRO; >65% EI) with CHO intake clamped at
- Published
- 2018
16. Similar metabolic response to lower- versus upper-body interval exercise or endurance exercise
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Stasinos Stavrianeas, Evelyn B. Parr, Monique E. Francois, Samuel J. E. Lucas, James D. Cotter, Nancy J. Rehrer, and Matthew J. Graham
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Adult ,Blood Glucose ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Blood lipids ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Carbohydrate metabolism ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Oxygen Consumption ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Endurance training ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Exercise ,Respiratory exchange ratio ,Metabolic health ,Rating of perceived exertion ,Cross-Over Studies ,Pulmonary Gas Exchange ,business.industry ,Upper body ,030229 sport sciences ,Lipids ,Exercise Test ,Physical Endurance ,Cardiology ,Metabolic rate ,Physical therapy ,Carbohydrate Metabolism ,Insulin Resistance ,Energy Metabolism ,business ,human activities - Abstract
Purpose To compare energy use and substrate partitioning arising from repeated lower- versus upper-body sprints, or endurance exercise, across a 24-h period. Methods Twelve untrained males (24 ± 4 y) completed three trials in randomized order: (1) repeated sprints (five 30-s Wingate, 4.5-min recovery) on a cycle ergometer (SITLegs); (2) 50-min continuous cycling at 65% VO2max (END); (3) repeated sprints on an arm-crank ergometer (SITArms). Respiratory gas exchange was assessed before and during exercise, and at eight points across 22 h of recovery. Results Metabolic rate was elevated to greater extent in the first 8 h after SITLegs than SITArms (by 0.8 ± 1.1 kJ/min, p = 0.03), and tended to be greater than END (by 0.7 ± 1.3 kJ/min, p = 0.08). Total 24-h energy use (exercise + recovery) was equivalent between SITLegs and END (p = 0.55), and SITLegs and SITArms (p = 0.13), but 24-h fat use was higher with SITLegs than END (by 26 ± 38 g, p = 0.04) and SITArms (by 27 ± 43 g, p = 0.05), whereas carbohydrate use was higher with SITArms than SITLegs (by 32 ± 51 g, p = 0.05). Plasma volume-corrected post-exercise and fasting glucose and lipid concentrations were unchanged. Conclusion Despite much lower energy use during five sprints than 50-min continuous exercise, 24-h energy use was not reliably different. However, (i) fat metabolism was greater after sprints, and (ii) carbohydrate metabolism was greater in the hours after sprints with arms than legs, while 24-h energy usage was comparable. Thus, sprints using arms or legs may be an important adjunct exercise mode for metabolic health.
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- 2017
17. Low-volume intense exercise elicits post-exercise hypotension and subsequent hypervolemia, irrespective of which limbs are exercised
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Kate N. Thomas, Monique E. Francois, Samuel J. E. Lucas, Stasinos Stavrianeas, James D. Cotter, Matthew J. Graham, and Evelyn B. Parr
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Physiology ,HIIT ,Blood volume ,Blood Pressure ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Hematocrit ,lcsh:Physiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endurance training ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Plasma Volume ,Original Research ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,lcsh:QP1-981 ,business.industry ,Sprint exercise ,030229 sport sciences ,medicine.disease ,Arm exercise ,Surgery ,Blood pressure ,Sprint ,Cardiology ,Hemoglobin ,Post-Exercise Hypotension ,business ,Hypervolemia ,human activities ,exercise training - Abstract
Introduction: Exercise reduces arterial and central venous blood pressures during recovery, which contributes to its valuable anti-hypertensive effects and to facilitating hypervolemia. Repeated sprint exercise potently improves metabolic function, but its cardiovascular effects (esp. hematological) are less well-characterized, as are effects of exercising upper versus lower limbs. The purposes of this study were to identify the acute (
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- 2016
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18. Alcohol ingestion impairs maximal post-exercise rates of myofibrillar protein synthesis following a single bout of concurrent training
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José L. Areta, Donny M. Camera, Stuart M. Phillips, Evelyn B. Parr, John A. Hawley, Louise M. Burke, and Vernon G. Coffey
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Blood Glucose ,Male ,Whey protein ,Anatomy and Physiology ,Anabolism ,Biopsy ,Muscle Proteins ,Alcohol ,Biochemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Ingestion ,Musculoskeletal System ,Protein Metabolism ,Meal ,Cross-Over Studies ,Multidisciplinary ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Medicine ,Muscle ,Dietary Proteins ,Public Health ,Signal Transduction ,Research Article ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Alcohol Drinking ,Science ,Rest ,Biology ,Young Adult ,Oxygen Consumption ,Internal medicine ,Dietary Carbohydrates ,medicine ,Humans ,Sports and Exercise Medicine ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Nutrition ,Protein turnover ,Skeletal muscle ,Resistance Training ,Crossover study ,Diet ,Metabolism ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Physiological Processes ,Energy Metabolism - Abstract
IntroductionThe culture in many team sports involves consumption of large amounts of alcohol after training/competition. The effect of such a practice on recovery processes underlying protein turnover in human skeletal muscle are unknown. We determined the effect of alcohol intake on rates of myofibrillar protein synthesis (MPS) following strenuous exercise with carbohydrate (CHO) or protein ingestion.MethodsIn a randomized cross-over design, 8 physically active males completed three experimental trials comprising resistance exercise (8×5 reps leg extension, 80% 1 repetition maximum) followed by continuous (30 min, 63% peak power output (PPO)) and high intensity interval (10×30 s, 110% PPO) cycling. Immediately, and 4 h post-exercise, subjects consumed either 500 mL of whey protein (25 g; PRO), alcohol (1.5 g·kg body mass⁻¹), 12±2 standard drinks) co-ingested with protein (ALC-PRO), or an energy-matched quantity of carbohydrate also with alcohol (25 g maltodextrin; ALC-CHO). Subjects also consumed a CHO meal (1.5 g CHO·kg body mass⁻¹) 2 h post-exercise. Muscle biopsies were taken at rest, 2 and 8 h post-exercise.ResultsBlood alcohol concentration was elevated above baseline with ALC-CHO and ALC-PRO throughout recovery (PConclusionWe provide novel data demonstrating that alcohol consumption reduces rates of MPS following a bout of concurrent exercise, even when co-ingested with protein. We conclude that alcohol ingestion suppresses the anabolic response in skeletal muscle and may therefore impair recovery and adaptation to training and/or subsequent performance.
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- 2014
19. High-intensity interval training in polycystic ovary syndrome: a two-centre, three-armed randomized controlled trial
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IDA A. KIEL, SOFIE LIONETT, EVELYN B. PARR, HELEN JONES, MARIA A. H. RØSET, ØYVIND SALVESEN, JOHN A. HAWLEY, ESZTER VANKY, and TRINE MOHOLDT
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RC1200 ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine - Abstract
Purpose: Exercise training is recommended to improve cardiometabolic health and fertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), yet there are few randomized controlled trials on the effects of different exercise protocols on clinical reproductive outcomes. Our aim was to determine the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIT) on menstrual frequency, as a proxy of reproductive function, in women with PCOS.\ud Methods: The IMPROV-IT study was a two-centre randomized controlled trial undertaken in Norway and Australia. Women with PCOS were eligible for inclusion. After stratification for body mass index < or ≥27 kg/m2 and study centre, participants were randomly allocated (1:1:1) to high-volume HIT (HV-HIT), low-volume HIT (LV-HIT), or a control group. Measurements were assessed at baseline, after the 16-week exercise intervention and at 12-months follow-up. The primary outcome was menstrual frequency after 12 months. Secondary outcomes included markers of cardiometabolic and reproductive health, quality of life, and adherence to and enjoyment of HIT.\ud Results: We randomly allocated 64 participants to HV-HIT (n=20), LV-HIT (n=21), or the control group (n=23). There were no differences in menstrual frequency at 12 months between LV-HIT and control (frequency-ratio 42 1.02, 95% CI 0.73-1.), HV-HIT and control (frequency-ratio 0.93, 95% CI 0.67-1.29) or LV-HIT and HV-HIT (frequency-ratio 1.09, 95% CI 0.77-1.56). Menstrual frequency increased in all groups from baseline to 12 months. More participants became pregnant in the LV-HIT group (n=5) than in the control group (n=0, p=0.02).\ud Conclusion: A semi-supervised HIT intervention did not increase menstrual frequency in women with PCOS.
20. Physiological testing of a beverage system designed for long-haul air travel
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James D. Cotter, Evelyn B. Parr, Fiona Nyhof, Patrick Silcock, and Nancy J. Rehrer
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Circadian disruption ,Physiology ,business.industry ,Fruit extracts ,Human physiology ,Plasma volume ,Bioinformatics ,Toxicology ,Late phase ,Physiology (medical) ,Meeting Abstract ,Medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,business ,Air travel - Abstract
Long-haul air travel imposes multiple stressors, arising from prolonged immobility, low humidity, modest hypobaria, circadian disruption and oxidative stress from food and cosmic radiation [1]. We developed a beverage system (Flyhidrate™ a) to counteract such effects, using ingredients shown in previous research to be effective when used acutely in achievable quantities, with low risk of adverse effects in unscreened populations. Flyhidrate is a 3*330 mL beverage system based on sodium-citrate and sodium-chloride for hydration, with supplemental ingredients (esp. fruit extracts) for early, mid and/or late phase flying effects. The aim of this study was to determine the physiological effectiveness of Flyhidrate in lab trials that simulated long-haul flying to the extent possible in our testing facilities.
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21. Circulating MicroRNA Responses between 'High' and 'Low' Responders to a 16-Wk Diet and Exercise Weight Loss Intervention.
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Evelyn B Parr, Donny M Camera, Louise M Burke, Stuart M Phillips, Vernon G Coffey, and John A Hawley
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BACKGROUND:Interactions between diet, physical activity and genetic predisposition contribute to variable body mass changes observed in response to weight loss interventions. Circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) may act as 'biomarkers' that are associated with the rate of change in weight loss, and/or play a role in regulating the biological variation, in response to energy restriction. OBJECTIVE:To quantify targeted c-miRNAs with putative roles in energy metabolism and exercise adaptations following a 16 wk diet and exercise intervention in individuals with large (high responders; HiRes) versus small (low responders; LoRes) losses in body mass. METHODS:From 89 male and female overweight/obese participants who completed the intervention (energy restriction from diet, 250 kcal/d, and exercise, 250 kcal/d), subgroups of HiRes (>10% body mass loss, n = 22) and LoRes (
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- 2016
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22. Alcohol ingestion impairs maximal post-exercise rates of myofibrillar protein synthesis following a single bout of concurrent training.
- Author
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Evelyn B Parr, Donny M Camera, José L Areta, Louise M Burke, Stuart M Phillips, John A Hawley, and Vernon G Coffey
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
IntroductionThe culture in many team sports involves consumption of large amounts of alcohol after training/competition. The effect of such a practice on recovery processes underlying protein turnover in human skeletal muscle are unknown. We determined the effect of alcohol intake on rates of myofibrillar protein synthesis (MPS) following strenuous exercise with carbohydrate (CHO) or protein ingestion.MethodsIn a randomized cross-over design, 8 physically active males completed three experimental trials comprising resistance exercise (8×5 reps leg extension, 80% 1 repetition maximum) followed by continuous (30 min, 63% peak power output (PPO)) and high intensity interval (10×30 s, 110% PPO) cycling. Immediately, and 4 h post-exercise, subjects consumed either 500 mL of whey protein (25 g; PRO), alcohol (1.5 g·kg body mass⁻¹), 12±2 standard drinks) co-ingested with protein (ALC-PRO), or an energy-matched quantity of carbohydrate also with alcohol (25 g maltodextrin; ALC-CHO). Subjects also consumed a CHO meal (1.5 g CHO·kg body mass⁻¹) 2 h post-exercise. Muscle biopsies were taken at rest, 2 and 8 h post-exercise.ResultsBlood alcohol concentration was elevated above baseline with ALC-CHO and ALC-PRO throughout recovery (PConclusionWe provide novel data demonstrating that alcohol consumption reduces rates of MPS following a bout of concurrent exercise, even when co-ingested with protein. We conclude that alcohol ingestion suppresses the anabolic response in skeletal muscle and may therefore impair recovery and adaptation to training and/or subsequent performance.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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