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This study conducted a meta-analysis to identify the primary risk and protective factors associated with the revictimization in intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW). Out of 2382 studies initially identified in eight databases, 22 studies met the inclusion criteria and provided the necessary data for calculating pooled effect sizes. The analysis focused on non-manipulative quantitative studies examining revictimization in heterosexual women of legal age. Separate statistical analyses were performed for prospective and retrospective studies, resulting in findings related to 14 variables. The Metafor package in RStudio was used with a random-effects model. The meta-analysis revealed that childhood abuse was the most strongly associated risk factor for revictimization, while belonging to a white ethnicity was the most prominent protective factor. Other significant risk factors included alcohol and drug use, recent physical violence, severity of violence, and PTSD symptomatology. The study also found that older age was a protective factor in prospective studies. The consistency of results across different study designs and sensitivity analyses further supported the robustness of the findings. It is important to note that the existing literature on revictimization in women facing intimate partner violence is limited and exhibits significant heterogeneity in terms of methodology and conceptual frameworks.

(1) Background: Bariatric surgery (BS) is highly effective for treating severe obesity in the long term. However, studies investigating predictors and personality profiles linked to BS success yield inconsistent results due to varying methodologies and limited research. This paper aims to identify personality profiles associated with BS success. (2) Method: The study involved 67 patients undergoing bariatric surgery, evaluated through clinical and personality measures. Weight loss was monitored at 6, 12, and 24 months post-surgery. Hierarchical case cluster analysis and iterative k-means cluster analysis identified distinct groups based on excess body mass index loss (%EBL) at these intervals. ANOVA was employed to compare personality profiles between groups. (3) Results: Average weight loss after 24 months was 67.2%. Two success profiles emerged: 46.5% showed very good success, achieving 90% EBL in 24 months, while 55% in the second cluster had less than 40% EBL throughout follow-up. The successful profile correlated with greater self-efficacy and improved emotional adjustment. (4) Conclusions: Successful BS outcomes were linked to personality traits promoting sustained weight loss post-surgery.

The literature studying the characteristics associated with revictimization in Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is heterogeneous and inconclusive. The absence of studies on the role of the emotional variables of the victims and the failure to distinguish revictimization by the same or different aggressors are two of the main limitations in this area of research. The aim of this work was to study the relative contribution of the material, social, and emotional resources available to IPV victims in predicting revictimization by the same or different perpetrators. The sample consisted of 290 women registered in the city of Madrid who had filed at least one police report for intimate partner violence. The material resources of the victims were evaluated through their level of monthly income and employability status, the social resources through perceived social support, and the emotional resources through emotional regulation and coping strategies. Hierarchical multinomial logistic regression models were estimated to predict single-offender victimization (SRV), same-offender revictimization (VSRSA), and multiple-offender revictimization (VSRDA). The results revealed that: (1) differentiating between revictimization by the same and different aggressors improved the fit of the model by 50.8% compared to when only differentiating between victimized and revictimized women; (2) material resources had no significant weight in the prediction of any type of revictimization; (3) SRV women had more social support than VSRDA women (ExpB = 1.027; p

Although we have made significant progress in the development of preventive tools and especially in the efficacy of the psychological treatments, we are still far from an optimal situation. This paper focuses on two major issues which we consider fundamental challenges and urges in this area: (a) the need for improving and spreading prevention, early intervention, and the promotion of mental health and (b) the need for greater dissemination of effective psychological treatments, the development of new interventions and greater understanding of the mechanisms of action of psychological treatments. The aim is to promote discussion among all stakeholders and debate on those lines we think as priority.

The magnitude and impact of mental disorders does not correspond to the resources devoted to research and attention. Although we have made significant progress in their understanding and the efficacy of the psychological treatments, we are still far from an optimal situation. This paper focuses on one of the major issues which we consider fundamental challenges and needs in this area, the increase in research focusing on psychopathology, especially on the mechanisms and processes that explain and maintain mental disorders, as a key point for the design and development of new psychological interventions for the prevention, treatment, and promotion of mental health. The aim is to promote discussion among all stakeholders and debate on those lines we think as a priority.

En este estudio descriptivo mediante encuesta se analizó la relación entre el riesgo de maltrato y posibles factores predictores de maltrato procedentes del cuidador (estrés, carga e ira), de la persona cuidada (comportamientos problemáticos y estado funcional) y de la situación de cuidado (ayuda recibida y calidad de la relación). Además, se valoró si cada conjunto de variables tenía un papel significativo en la explicación del riesgo de maltrato sobre una muestra de 45 cuidadores familiares de personas con demencia. Los resultados indicaron que el riesgo de maltrato aumentaba cuanto peor era la calidad de la relación actual, se recibe menos ayuda y existía mayor expresión de la ira, carga percibida y estrés, y existían más comportamientos problemáticos. Además, cada grupo de variables introducidas (cuidador, persona mayor y situación de cuidado) mejoran significativamente el poder explicativo del riesgo de maltrato explicando un 63% de la varianza total. La dimensión con mayor peso explicativo fue la referida al cuidador. Estos resultados permiten señalar que el riesgo de maltrato es la combinación de factores de diferente naturaleza, aunque con un mayor peso los procedentes del cuidador.

Este estudio cuasi-experimental analiza la efectividad de un programa psicoeducativo dirigido a la reducción de la preocupación excesiva en personas mayores mediante la discusión y práctica de habilidades de solución de problemas, relajación muscular, control de estímulos y cambio de creencias sobre la preocupación. Una muestra de 17 personas de entre 55 y 80 años asistió a 8 sesiones semanales de 90 minutos y 24 formaron el grupo control. Se evaluó preocupación-rasgo, severidad de la ansiedad generalizada y metapreocupación antes y después del programa. No hubo diferencias en las puntuaciones previas entre grupos ni en estas variables ni en variables socio-demográficas. Sin embargo, tras el programa, el grupo clínico obtuvo puntuaciones significativamente inferiores en preocupación-rasgo y severidad de la ansiedad generalizada, pero no en metapreocupación. El tamaño del efecto (d de Cohen) fue aceptable para la preocupación rasgo (d = 0,75) y para la severidad de la ansiedad generalizada (d = 0,59) y reducido para la metapreocupación (d = 0,25). El efecto prepost y el porcentaje de cambio fueron, en cambio, elevados para todas las variables en el grupo experimental y prácticamente nulos en el grupo control, de modo que el programa realizado parece ser eficaz en la reducción de la preocupación excesiva en las personas mayores.

Este trabajo analiza las características del fenómeno de la preocupación en una muestra de 105 personas mayores seleccionadas aleatoriamente a partir del censo de una población urbana y compara las diferencias en estas características entre personas con diferentes niveles de preocupación-rasgo. Los resultados indican que la preocupación es un proceso usual en la vida diaria de estas personas y que la mayoría de esas preocupaciones no se perciben como excesivas o incontrolables ni interfieren con sus actividades cotidianas. Además, las preocupaciones se orientan básicamente hacia el presente, se vinculan a procesos de solución de problemas y se centran principalmente en la salud propia y de las personas cercanas y en el bienestar familiar. Por otra parte, se produce un incremento progresivo en las puntuaciones de todas las medidas evaluadas según aumenta el nivel de preocupación-rasgo, incremento que es especialmente marcado en el grado en el que las preocupaciones se orientan hacia el presente y en las preocupaciones por la salud. Estos resultados son similares a hallazgos previos con población adulta más joven, aunque parece que pueden producirse diferencias con el incremento de la edad en los contenidos y en la orientación temporal de las preocupaciones.

Assessed Spanish college students' attitudes about forced sex and actual experiences with male-against-female sexual aggression. Students analyzed a date rape story discussed their coercive sexual activities and help-seeking behaviors. Acceptance of forced sex significantly related to sex, age, and experience with sexual aggression. Only 39 percent of victimized women ever sought help. (SM)