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1. Optimizing lipid control in Taiwanese diabetic patients: A collaborative consensus by the Diabetes Association of the Republic of China (Taiwan) and the Taiwanese Association of Diabetes Educators

Author: Feng‐Chih Shen, Chih‐Hsun Chu, Jung‐Fu Chen, Chin‐Sung Kuo, Chih‐Yao Hsu, Ching‐Han Lin, Yi‐Jing Sheen, Sheng‐Chiang Su, Kai‐Jen Tien, Chieh‐Hua Lu, Chun‐Chuan Lee, Yi‐Sun Yang, Shih‐Te Tu, Po‐Tsang Chen, Ching‐Chu Chen, Ming‐Nan Chien, Hung‐Yuan Li, Wayne Huey‐Herng Sheu, Chien‐Ning Huang, Chih‐Yuan Wang, and Horng‐Yih Ou
Subjects: Diabetes, Hyperlipidemia, Statin, Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, RC648-665
Abstract: Abstract We present an in‐depth analysis of dyslipidemia management strategies for patients with diabetes mellitus in Taiwan. It critically examines the disparity between established guideline recommendations and actual clinical practices, particularly in the context of evolving policies affecting statin prescriptions. The focus is on synthesizing the most recent findings concerning lipid management in patients with diabetes mellitus, with a special emphasis on establishing consensus regarding low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol treatment targets. The article culminates in providing comprehensive, evidence‐based recommendations tailored to the unique needs of those living with diabetes mellitus in Taiwan. It underscores the criticality of personalized care approaches, which incorporate multifaceted factors, and the integration of novel therapeutic options to enhance cardiovascular health outcomes.
Published: 2024
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2. Asia-Pacific consensus on long-term and sequential therapy for osteoporosis

Author: Ta-Wei Tai, Hsuan-Yu Chen, Chien-An Shih, Chun-Feng Huang, Eugene McCloskey, Joon-Kiong Lee, Swan Sim Yeap, Ching-Lung Cheung, Natthinee Charatcharoenwitthaya, Unnop Jaisamrarn, Vilai Kuptniratsaikul, Rong-Sen Yang, Sung-Yen Lin, Akira Taguchi, Satoshi Mori, Julie Li-Yu, Seng Bin Ang, Ding-Cheng Chan, Wai Sin Chan, Hou Ng, Jung-Fu Chen, Shih-Te Tu, Hai-Hua Chuang, Yin-Fan Chang, Fang-Ping Chen, Keh-Sung Tsai, Peter R. Ebeling, Fernando Marin, Francisco Javier Nistal Rodríguez, Huipeng Shi, Kyu Ri Hwang, Kwang-Kyoun Kim, Yoon-Sok Chung, Ian R. Reid, Manju Chandran, Serge Ferrari, E Michael Lewiecki, Fen Lee Hew, Lan T. Ho-Pham, Tuan Van Nguyen, Van Hy Nguyen, Sarath Lekamwasam, Dipendra Pandey, Sanjay Bhadada, Chung-Hwan Chen, Jawl-Shan Hwang, and Chih-Hsing Wu
Subjects: Sequential therapy, Anti-osteoporosis medication, Fracture prevention, Consensus, Asia–Pacific, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Abstract: Objectives: This study aimed to present the Asia-Pacific consensus on long-term and sequential therapy for osteoporosis, offering evidence-based recommendations for the effective management of this chronic condition. The primary focus is on achieving optimal fracture prevention through a comprehensive, individualized approach. Methods: A panel of experts convened to develop consensus statements by synthesizing the current literature and leveraging clinical expertise. The review encompassed long-term anti-osteoporosis medication goals, first-line treatments for individuals at very high fracture risk, and the strategic integration of anabolic and antiresorptive agents in sequential therapy approaches. Results: The panelists reached a consensus on 12 statements. Key recommendations included advocating for anabolic agents as the first-line treatment for individuals at very high fracture risk and transitioning to antiresorptive agents following the completion of anabolic therapy. Anabolic therapy remains an option for individuals experiencing new fractures or persistent high fracture risk despite antiresorptive treatment. In cases of inadequate response, the consensus recommended considering a switch to more potent medications. The consensus also addressed the management of medication-related complications, proposing alternatives instead of discontinuation of treatment. Conclusions: This consensus provides a comprehensive, cost-effective strategy for fracture prevention with an emphasis on shared decision-making and the incorporation of country-specific case management systems, such as fracture liaison services. It serves as a valuable guide for healthcare professionals in the Asia-Pacific region, contributing to the ongoing evolution of osteoporosis management.
Published: 2024
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3. Factors associated with osteoarthritis in menopausal women: A registry study of osteoporosis sarcopenia and osteoarthritis

Author: Chia-Jen Tsai, Yu-Wei Wang, Jung-Fu Chen, Chen-Kai Chou, Chung-Cheng Huang, and Ying-Chou Chen
Subjects: factors, menopause, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, Medicine
Abstract: Background: Bone and muscle mass decline after menopause. The risk of osteoarthritis (OA), sarcopenia, and osteoporosis increases in later life. Our objective aimed to assess the possible factors affecting osteoarthritis in menopausal women. Methods: This is a registry study of osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and osteoarthritis. All subjects accepted bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition studies, and X-rays of both knees were performed. A medical history was taken and biochemical data were recorded. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associations between the presence of osteoarthritis and BMD, muscle mass, and other parameters. Results: A total of 139 patients were enrolled. The mean age of the patients was 73.86 ± 5.83 years in the osteoarthritis group and 74.53 ± 9.90 in the non-osteoarthritis group (p = 0.663). The mean body mass index (BMI) was 24.36 ± 3.64 kg/m2 in the osteoarthritis group, compared with 23.78 ± 3.61 in the non-osteoarthritis group (p = 0.366). The lumbar spine T score was -2.06 ± 1.33 g/cm2 in the osteoarthritis group, and -1.25 ± 1.76 in the non-osteoarthritis group (p = 0.006). There were no significant differences in smoking, alcohol consumption, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, neurological disease, and chronic kidney disease between the two groups. When we used osteoarthritis as the outcome, we found that the lumbar spine T score had a significant association with osteoarthritis, with a high T score associated with less osteoarthritis formation (p = 0.024, odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 0.06 (0-0.69)). Conclusions: Knee osteoarthritis was associated with lumbar spine bone density. This study provides the initial information required to develop clinical algorithms for the early identification of potential high-risk populations, as well as essential information for the development of policies for the detection and prevention of osteoarthritis in menopausal women.
Published: 2023
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4. TASL, TADE, and DAROC consensus for the screening and management of hepatitis C in patients with diabetesConsensus statementsConsensus statementsConsensus statementsConsensus statementsConsensus statementsConsensus statementsConsensus statementsConsensus statementsConsensus statementsConsensus statementsConsensus statements

Author: Ming-Lung Yu, Chih-Yuan Wang, Mei-Hsuan Lee, Horng-Yih Ou, Pin-Nan Cheng, Shih-Te Tu, Jee-Fu Huang, Jung-Fu Chen, Tsung-Hui Hu, Chih-Cheng Hsu, Jia-Horng Kao, Chien-Jen Chen, Han-Chieh Lin, and Chien-Ning Huang
Subjects: Consensus statement, Direct-acting antivirals, Diabetes mellitus, Hepatitis C virus, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are prevalent diseases globally and emerging evidence demonstrates the bidirectional association between the two diseases. Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for HCV have a high treatment success rate and can significantly reduce the risks of short and long-term complications of HCV infection. However, despite the evidence of the association between diabetes and HCV and the benefits of anti-HCV treatment, previously published guidelines did not focus on the universal HCV screening for patients with diabetes and their subsequent management once confirmed as having HCV viremia. Nonetheless, screening for HCV among patients with diabetes will contribute to the eradication of HCV infection. Thus, the three major Taiwan medical associations of diabetes and liver diseases endorsed a total of 14 experts in the fields of gastroenterology, hepatology, diabetology, and epidemiology to convene and formulate a consensus statement on HCV screening and management among patients with diabetes. Based on recent studies and guidelines as well as from real-world clinical experiences, the Taiwan experts reached a consensus that provides a straightforward approach to HCV screening, treatment, and monitoring of patients with diabetes.
Published: 2023
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5. Utilizing nomograms to predict prevalent vertebral fracture risk: An analysis of dysmobility syndrome in a community-dwelling population

Author: Fang-Ping Chen, Yu-Jr Lin, An-Shine Chao, Yu-Ching Lin, Chen-Ming Sung, Jung-Fu Chen, and Alice MK. Wong
Subjects: Vertebral fracture, Dysmobility syndrome, FRAX, Bone mineral density, Grip strength, Walking speed, Medicine (General), R5-920, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Background: To determine a reliable method to predict prevalent vertebral fractures (VF) by assessing the association between dysmobility syndrome (DS) and VF in a community-dwelling population. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 518 participants from fracture-prevention educational activities held in multiple communities in Taiwan. Assessments included questionnaires, fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX), bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), lateral thoracolumbar spine x-rays (specifically T8-S1), grip strength (GS), walking speed, and fall history. Results: DS was noted in 257 participants (49.6%) and VF was identified in 196 participants (37.8%). A higher prevalence of VF was noted in those with DS. The prevalence of VF was significantly associated with age, gender, FRAX both with and without BMD, osteoporosis, low GS, and DS. In multivariate models accounting for age and sex, the c-index was greater in those with low GS plus osteoporosis as compared to DS alone. Low GS, osteoporosis, and pre-BMD FRAX all had similar c-indexes. Pre-BMD FRAX plus low GS and osteoporosis was superior in predicting VF compared to pre-BMD FRAX plus low GS or osteoporosis alone. Besides the inclusion of age and gender, the nomogram with pre-BMD FRAX major osteoporosis fracture probability (MOF) plus low GS had improved correlation between the estimated and actual VF probability than those with pre-BMD FRAX MOF plus osteoporosis. Conclusions: The constructed nomogram containing pre-BMD FRAX MOF plus low GS may be considered as a first-line prevalent VF screening method. Those with high-risk scores should subsequently undergo vertebral radiography and/or BMD.
Published: 2022
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6. Mitochondrial haplogroups have a better correlation to insulin requirement than nuclear genetic variants for type 2 diabetes mellitus in Taiwanese individuals

Author: Feng‐Chih Shen, Shao‐Wen Weng, Meng‐Han Tsai, Yu‐Jih Su, Sung‐Chou Li, Shun‐Jen Chang, Jung‐Fu Chen, Yen‐Hsiang Chang, Chia‐Wei Liou, Tsu‐Kung Lin, Jiin‐Haur Chuang, Ching‐Yi Lin, and Pei‐Wen Wang
Subjects: Diabetes, Insulin, Mitochondria, Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, RC648-665
Abstract: ABSTRACT Aims/Introduction Identifying diabetes‐susceptible genetic variants will help to provide personalized therapy for the management of type 2 diabetes. Previous studies have reported a genetic risk score (GRS), computed by the sum of nuclear DNA (nDNA) risk alleles, that may predict the future requirement for insulin therapy. Although mitochondrial dysfunction has a close association with insulin resistance (IR), there are few studies investigating whether genetic variants of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) will affect the clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods Mitochondrial haplogroups were determined using mtDNA whole genome next generation sequencing and 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nDNA susceptibility loci of 13 genes in 604 Taiwanese subjects with type 2 diabetes. A GRS of nDNA was computed by summation of the number of risk alleles. The correlation between the mtDNA haplogroup and the clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetes was assessed by logistic regression analysis. The results were compared with the GRS subgroups for the risk of insulin requirement. Results Mitochondrial haplogroups modulate the clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetes, in which patients harboring haplogroup D4, compared with those harboring non‐D4 haplotypes, were less prone to require insulin treatment, after adjusting for age, gender, and diabetes duration. However, there was no association between insulin requirement and GRS calculated from nuclear genetic variants. Conclusions Mitochondrial haplogroups, but not nuclear genetic variants, have a better association with the insulin requirement. The results highlight the role of mitochondria in the management of common metabolic diseases.
Published: 2022
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7. The impact of bisphosphonates on mortality and cardiovascular risk among osteoporosis patients after cardiovascular disease

Author: Shu-Ting Wu, Jung-Fu Chen, and Chia-Jen Tsai
Subjects: Bisphosphonate, Osteoporosis, Cardiovascular outcome, Mortality risk, Atrial fibrillation, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Background/Purpose: Bisphosphonates (BPs) impact on the survival and cardiovascular safety of osteoporosis patients after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or acute ischemic stroke (AIS) was evaluated. Methods: A nationwide epidemiological study was conducted using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database from 2000 to 2010. From the 1456 osteoporosis patients with previous ACS or AIS, mortality and cardiovascular safety was compared between 464 patients who used BPs and 464 patients who did not. Primary outcomes included all-cause mortality, and major adverse cardiovascular events. Results: The BPs group had a lower risk of all-cause mortality than the control group after the 8-year follow-up (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.46–0.88; P = 0.006). The risks of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, cardiovascular death, hospitalization for heart failure or other causes of mortality were similar across groups. However, there was a higher risk of hospitalization for atrial fibrillation in the BPs group than the control group (HR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.26–2.46; P = 0.001). Conclusion: Among osteoporosis patients after ACS or AIS, BPs use was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality. However, patients with previous cardiovascular disease who received BP treatment should be careful about the risk of atrial fibrillation.
Published: 2021
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8. Asia–pacific consensus on osteoporotic fracture prevention in postmenopausal women with low bone mass or osteoporosis but no fragility fractures

Author: Chun-Feng Huang, Jung-Fu Chen, Ian R. Reid, Wing P. Chan, Peter Robert Ebeling, Bente Langdahl, Shih-Te Tu, Toshio Matsumoto, Ding-Cheng Chan, Yoon-Sok Chung, Fang-Ping Chen, E Michael Lewiecki, Keh-Sung Tsai, Rong-Sen Yang, Seng Bin Ang, Ko-En Huang, Yin-Fan Chang, Chung-Hwan Chen, Joon-Kiong Lee, Hsin-I Ma, Weibo Xia, Ambrish Mithal, David L. Kendler, Cyrus Cooper, Jawl-Shan Hwang, and Chih-Hsing Wu
Subjects: Asia–pacific, Consensus, Osteoporosis, Osteoporotic fracture, Postmenopausal women, Prevention, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Postmenopausal women are at significant risk for osteoporotic fractures due to their rapid bone loss. Half of all postmenopausal women will get an osteoporosis-related fracture over their lifetime, with 25% developing a spine deformity and 15% developing a hip fracture. By 2050, more than half of all osteoporotic fractures will occur in Asia, with postmenopausal women being the most susceptible. Early management can halt or even reverse the progression of osteoporosis. Consequently, on October 31, 2020, the Taiwanese Osteoporosis Association hosted the Asia–Pacific (AP) Postmenopausal Osteoporotic Fracture Prevention (POFP) consensus meeting, which was supported by the Asian Federation of Osteoporosis Societies (AFOS) and the Asia Pacific Osteoporosis Foundation (APOF). International and domestic experts developed ten applicable statements for the prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women with low bone mass or osteoporosis but no fragility fractures in the AP region. The experts advocated, for example, that postmenopausal women with a high fracture risk be reimbursed for pharmaceutical therapy to prevent osteoporotic fractures. More clinical experience and data are required to modify intervention tactics.
Published: 2023
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9. Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in Taiwan: 2022 update

Author: Ta-Wei Tai, Chun-Feng Huang, Huei-Kai Huang, Rong-Sen Yang, Jung-Fu Chen, Tien-Tsai Cheng, Fang-Ping Chen, Chung-Hwan Chen, Yin-Fan Chang, Wei-Chieh Hung, Der-Sheng Han, Ding-Cheng Chan, Ching-Chou Tsai, I-Wen Chen, Wing P. Chan, Husan-Jui Chang, Jawl-Shan Hwang, and Chih-Hsing Wu
Subjects: Anti-osteoporosis treatment, Fracture liaison service, Guidelines, Osteoporosis, Osteoporotic fracture, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Osteoporosis greatly increases the risk of fractures. Osteoporotic fractures negatively impact quality of life, increase the burden of care, and increase mortality. Taiwan is an area with a high prevalence of osteoporosis. This updated summary of guidelines has been developed by experts of the Taiwan Osteoporosis Association with the intention of reducing the risks of osteoporotic fractures and improving the quality of care for patients with osteoporosis. The updated guidelines compile the latest evidence to provide clinicians and other healthcare professionals with practical recommendations for the prevention, diagnosis, and management of osteoporosis under clinical settings in Taiwan.
Published: 2023
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10. Trends in hospitalizations and emergency department visits among women with hyperglycemia in pregnancy between 2008 and 2017 in Taiwan

Author: Jun-Sing Wang, Ming-Chu Chin, Jung-Fu Chen, Chien-Ning Huang, Chii-Min Hwu, Horng-Yih Ou, Yi-Sun Yang, Chih-Cheng Hsu, and Chih-Yuan Wang
Subjects: diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus, hospitalization, hyperglycemia in pregnancy, emergency department, Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, RC648-665
Abstract: IntroductionWe investigated health service utilization, including hospitalizations and emergency department visits, for women with hyperglycemia in pregnancy between 2008 and 2017 in Taiwan.MethodsData from the Health and Welfare Data Science Center were used to conduct this nationwide population-based study. We identified pregnant women and the date of childbirth according to Birth Certificate Applications from 2007 to 2018. The study population was divided into four groups: known DM, newly diagnosed DM, GDM, and no DM/GDM. To assess quality of healthcare during the gestation period, trends in 30-day readmission rate, number of emergency department visits/hospitalizations per 100 childbirths, and length of hospital stay from 2008 to 2017 were examined.ResultsA total of 1830511 childbirths and 990569 hospitalizations were identified for analyses. Between 2008 and 2017, women with hyperglycemia in pregnancy (known DM, newly diagnosed DM, and GDM) had a higher rate of hospitalization, a longer length of hospital stay, and higher rates of various maternal and fetal outcomes, compared with women with no DM/GDM. Nevertheless, the differences between women with GDM and those with no DM/GDM in the aforementioned outcome measures were modest. Women with GDM had a modest decrease in the 30-day readmission rate (p for trend 0.046) with no significant difference in the number of emergency department visits during the study period.DiscussionOur findings provide evidence of the quality of healthcare for women with GDM between 2008 and 2017 in Taiwan.
Published: 2022
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11. Feasibility of combining heart rate variability and electrochemical skin conductance as screening and severity evaluation of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes

Author: Yun‐Ru Lai, Chih‐Cheng Huang, Ben‐Chung Cheng, Nai‐Wen Tsai, Wen‐Chan Chiu, Hsueh‐Wen Chang, Jung‐Fu Chen, and Cheng‐Hsien Lu
Subjects: Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, Electrochemical skin conductance, Heart rate variability, Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, RC648-665
Abstract: Abstract Aims/Introduction Clinical studies show that either heart rate variability (HRV) or electrochemical skin conductance (ESC) alone can serve as a simple and objective method for screening cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN). We tested the hypothesis that combining these two quantitative approaches can not only reinforce accuracy in CAN screening but also provide a better estimate of CAN severity in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who had already had CAN in outpatient clinics. Materials and Methods Each patient received a complete battery of cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests (CARTs), with ESC measured by SUDOSCAN, time domain of HRV measured by standard deviation of all normal RR intervals (SDNN) and frequency domain of HRV (low frequency [LF], high frequency [HF], and LF/HF ratio), and peripheral blood studies for vascular risk factors. Severity of CAN was measured by CAN score. Results The 90 T2DM patients included 50 males and 40 females. Those with more severe CAN had lower values in feet ESC (P = 0.023) and SDNN (P
Published: 2021
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12. Leptin mediate central obesity on the severity of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in well-controlled type 2 diabetes and prediabetes

Author: Yun-Ru Lai, Meng Hsiang Chen, Wei Che Lin, Wen-Chan Chiu, Ben-Chung Cheng, Jung-Fu Chen, Nai-Wen Tsai, Chih-Cheng Huang, and Cheng-Hsien Lu
Subjects: Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, Cardiac autonomic reflex tests, Central obesity, Composite autonomic scoring scale, Leptin, Type 2 diabetes and prediabetes, Medicine
Abstract: Abstract Background Evidences support the view that central obesity is an independently cardiovascular risk. It is thought that leptin contributes to autonomic dysfunction and cardiovascular risks in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM). This raises the possibility that leptin might mediate the relationship between central obesity and the severity of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in patients with well-controlled T2DM and prediabetes. Methods The complete cardiovascular reflex tests and biomarkers were assessed for each patient. The severity of CAN was assessed using composite autonomic scoring scale (CASS). A single-level three-variable mediation model was used to investigate the possible relationships among central obesity [as indicated by waist circumference (WC)], leptin level, and severity of CAN (as indicated by CASS value). Results A total of 107 patients were included in this study: 90 with diabetes and 17 with prediabetes. The results demonstrate that increased WC is associated with increased severity of CAN (r = 0.242, P = 0.017). We further discovered that leptin level is positively correlated with WC (r = 0.504, P
Published: 2020
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13. Association between Pro12Ala polymorphism and albuminuria in type 2 diabetic nephropathy

Author: Yung‐Nien Chen, Pei‐Wen Wang, Shih‐Chen Tung, Ming‐Chun Kuo, Shao‐Wen Weng, Chen‐Kai Chou, Chih‐Min Chang, Chia‐Jen Tsa, Cheng‐Feng Taso, Feng‐Chih Shen, and Jung‐Fu Chen
Subjects: Diabetic nephropathies, Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma, Polymorphism, Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, RC648-665
Abstract: Abstract Aims/Introduction Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a complication of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by the gradual loss of kidney function, which results in increased levels of albumin in the urine. The Pro12Ala polymorphism in the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ2 gene has been confirmed to improve insulin sensitivity, but its association with susceptibility to DN in patients with type 2 diabetes remains inconclusive. Materials and Methods To examine whether the Pro12Ala polymorphism leads to the development of DN, a case‐control study was carried out in 554 patients with type 2 diabetes. The genotypes of Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma 2 gene were analyzed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan® probe genotyping assay in all patients. Results The mean age of the study population was 57.7 ± 8.8 years, with average diabetes duration of 12.8 ± 6.9 years. The prevalence of albuminuria was 43.5%. The frequency of genotype Pro12Pro, Pro12Ala and Ala12Ala genotype were 92.6%, 7.0%, 0.4% in our study population, and 90.4%, 8.9% and 0.7% in normal urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio group, respectively. The Ala carriers (Pro12Ala + Ala12Ala) had significantly lower urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (15.0 vs 20.5 mg/g, P = 0.001) and better renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate 81.8 [69.8–97.6] vs 78.7 mL/min/1.73 m2 [61.6–96.2]; P = 0.05) compared with those with the genotype Pro12Pro. After adjustment for age, sex and other confounders, the odds ratio of albuminuria for the Ala12 allele was 0.428 (95% confidence interval 0.195–0.940, P = 0.034]). Conclusions Our results suggest that the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma 2 Ala12 variant has significant protective effects against albuminuria and DN.
Published: 2020
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14. Long-term outcome and prognostic factors of single-dose Radioiodine Therapy in patients with Graves' disease

Author: Yi-Ting Yang, Jung-Fu Chen, Shih-Chen Tung, Ming-Chun Kuo, Shao-Wen Weng, Chen-Kai Chou, Feng-Chih Shen, Chih-Min Chang, Chia-Jen Tsai, Cheng-Feng Taso, and Pei-Wen Wang
Subjects: Graves' disease, Goiter size, Outcome, Radioiodine therapy, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Background/purpose: Few studies exist investigating the effectiveness of radioiodine (RAI) therapy for hyperthyroidism patients in Asia. We herein investigated the real-world efficacy of single-dose RAI therapy in Taiwanese patients with Graves’ disease (GD). Methods: This is a retrospective study of 243 patients with GD recorded between 1989 and 2016 in a tertiary referral hospital. Eu- or hypothyroid after RAI therapy were defined as the successful group. Kaplan–Meier curve and cox-regression model were used for analysis of prognostic factors. Results: Of the 243 patients, 187 were females, with mean age of 46.9 ± 13.6 years. Most patients (63.8%) did not choose RAI as the first-line therapy. The median dose was 7 mCi, with a mean follow-up period of 107.1 ± 82.8 months. The overall success rate was 70.9%. Univariate analysis revealed calculated- or fixed-dose (P = 0.015), goiter size (P
Published: 2020
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15. Correlations of clinical parameters with quality of life in patients with acromegaly: Taiwan Acromegaly Registry

Author: Fen-Yu Tseng, Szu-Tah Chen, Jung-Fu Chen, Tien-Shang Huang, Jen-Der Lin, Pei-Wen Wang, Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu, and Tien-Chun Chang
Subjects: Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Background/Purpose: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the associations between clinical parameters and quality of life (QOL) of patients with acromegaly in Taiwan and to identify the impacts of hormone control, regimens, or co-morbidities on acromegalic patients' daily life. Methods: From 2013 to 2015, subjects with acromegaly were recruited through five medical centers. Clinical data were recorded. The QOL of enrolled patients were assessed by using Acromegaly Quality of Life Questionnaire (AcroQoL). Results: This study enrolled 272 acromegalic subjects (117 males, 155 females). Remission, defined by normalization of IGF-1, had significant positive association with QOL scores in psychological/appearance (PSY/APP) dimension (β = 6.760, p = 0.023). Somatostatin analogues therapy had negative associations with total score and score in psychological (PSY) dimension (β = −4.720, p = 0.046 and β = −5.388, p = 0.035, respectively). Diabetes mellitus had negative associations with score in PSY dimension and psychological/personal relations (PSY/PER) dimensions (β = −5.839, p = 0.034 and β = −7.516, p = 0.013, respectively). Cerebral vascular accident (CVA) had significant negative associations with total score and scores in physical (PHY), PSY, and PSY/PER dimensions (β = −26.632, p = 0.013; β = −28.353, p = 0.024; β = −25.648, p = 0.026; and β = −34.586, p = 0.006, respectively). All these associations remained significant even after adjusted with sex and age. Conclusion: Our analysis suggested that not only hormone control but also therapeutic regimens and presence of co-morbidities might affect QOL of patients with acromegaly in some dimensions. Keywords: Taiwan acromegaly registry, Quality of life, Clinical parameters
Published: 2019
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16. A registry of acromegaly patients and one year following up in Taiwan

Author: Fen-Yu Tseng, Tien-Shang Huang, Jen-Der Lin, Szu-Tah Chen, Pei-Wen Wang, Jung-Fu Chen, Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu, and Tien-Chun Chang
Subjects: Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Background/purpose: The objectives of this study were to describe epidemiological data, treatment outcomes, and quality of life (QOL) of patients with acromegaly in Taiwan. Methods: From 2013 to 2015, subjects with acromegaly were recruited through five medical centers. After enrollment, each patient was kept on observation for 1 year. Results: The analyzed cohort included 272 acromegalic subjects (117 males, 155 females) with a mean age of 51.4 ± 12.9 years. Their mean age at diagnosis was 41.8 ± 12.1 years. About 83.8% patients presented symptoms of facial changes. Galactorrhea was noted at the earliest age of 32.7 ± 9.1 years. The duration between the onset of symptoms/signs and diagnosis was 6.9 ± 8.1 years. Around 70.3% patients harbored a macroadenoma. At enrollment, percentages of patients ever received surgical intervention, radiotherapy, somatostatin analogs, and dopamine agonists were 94.8%, 27.9%, 64%, and 30%, respectively. At the final following-up visit, the random growth hormone (GH), nadir GH after oral glucose tolerance test, and the insulin-like growth factor 1 levels were 2.7 ± 4.9 μg/L, 2.4 ± 6.1 μg/L, and 291.5 ± 162.4 ng/mL, respectively. The remission rate assessed by random GH level (≦2 μg/L) was 63.8%. The mean AcroQoL scores for the total 22 items were 64.0 ± 19.7. About 42.8% patients never sensed or felt discomfort about their changes in appearance. Conclusion: This study described the profiles of acromegaly in Taiwan. It is important to enhance early diagnosis and timely commencement of treatment to prevent serious complications of acromegaly. Keywords: Acromegaly, Patient registry, Taiwan, Health outcome, Quality of life
Published: 2019
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17. Basal insulin therapy: Unmet medical needs in Asia and the new insulin glargine in diabetes treatment

Author: Kai‐Jen Tien, Yi‐Jen Hung, Jung‐Fu Chen, Ching‐Chu Chen, Chih‐Yuan Wang, Chii‐Min Hwu, Yu‐Yao Huang, Pi‐Jung Hsiao, Shih‐Te Tu, Chao‐Hung Wang, and Wayne Huey‐Herng Sheu
Subjects: Asians, Diabetes, Insulin glargine, Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, RC648-665
Abstract: Abstract Diabetes remains a global epidemic and a tremendous health challenge, especially in the Asian population. Dramatic increases in the prevalence of diabetes across different countries or areas in Asia have been reported in recent epidemiological studies. Although clinical guidelines have strengthened appropriate antihyperglycemic medications and lifestyle modifications for optimal diabetes management, inadequate glycemic control still occurs in many patients with an increased risk of developing microvascular and macrovascular complications. Insulin administration is the main therapy for diabetes in response to the inability to secrete insulin, and is recommended in current guidelines to treat patients with type 2 diabetes after failure of oral antidiabetic drugs. Clinical studies have shown that long‐acting insulin analogs improve basal glycemic control with reduced risk of hypoglycemia. In the present review, we discuss previous challenges with basal insulin therapy in Asia, the pharmacological development of insulin analogs to overcome the unmet medical needs and recent clinical studies of the new ultra‐long‐acting insulin analog, insulin glargine U300. Furthermore, relevant findings of current real‐world evidence are also included for the comparison of the efficacy and safety of different insulin formulations. Based on the accumulating evidence showing a low incidence of hypoglycemia and technical benefits of dose titration, treatment with glargine U300 can be a promising strategy for Asian diabetes patients to achieve glycemic targets with favorable safety.
Published: 2019
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18. Response to letter to the editor 'the impact of bisphosphonates on mortality and cardiovascular risk among osteoporosis patients after cardiovascular disease'

Author: Shu-Ting Wu, Jung-Fu Chen, and Chia-Jen Tsai
Subjects: Medicine (General), R5-920
Published: 2021
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19. Pharmacologic intervention for prevention of fractures in osteopenic and osteoporotic postmenopausal women: Systemic review and meta-analysis

Author: Chih-Hsing Wu, Wei-Chieh Hung, Ing-Lin Chang, Tsung-Ting Tsai, Yin-Fan Chang, Eugene V. McCloskey, Nelson B. Watts, Michael R. McClung, Chun-Feng Huang, Chung-Hwan Chen, Kun-Ling Wu, Keh-Sung Tsai, Ding-Cheng Chan, Jung-Fu Chen, Shih-Te Tu, Jawl-Shan Hwang, Weibo Xia, Toshio Matsumoto, Yoon-Sok Chung, Cyrus Cooper, John A. Kanis, Rong-Sen Yang, and Wing P. Chan
Subjects: Fracture, Low bone mass, Osteopenia, Osteoporosis, Primary prevention, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Abstract: Objectives: Emerging evidence has indicated a role for pharmacologic agents in the primary prevention of osteoporotic fracture, but have not yet been systematically reviewed for meta-analysis. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of pharmacologic interventions in reducing fracture risk and increasing bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with osteopenia or osteoporosis but without prevalent fragility fracture. Method: The Medline, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases were searched from inception to September 30, 2019. Only randomized placebo-controlled trials evaluating postmenopausal women with −1.0 > bone mineral density (BMD) T-score > −2.5 (low bone mass) and those with BMD T-score ≤ −2.5 (osteoporosis) but without baseline fractures, who were receiving anti-osteoporotic agents, providing quantitative outcomes data and evaluating risk of vertebral and/or non-vertebral fragility fracture at follow-up. The PRISMA guidelines were followed, applying a random-effects model. The primary endpoint was the effect of anti-osteoporotic regimens in reducing the incidence of vertebral fractures. Secondary endpoints were percentage changes in baseline BMD at the lumbar spine and total hip at 1 and 2 years follow up. Results: Full-text review of 144 articles yielded, 20 for meta-analysis. Bisphosphonates reduced the risk of vertebral fracture (pooled OR = 0.50, 95%CIs = 0.36–0.71) and significantly increased lumbar spine BMD after 1 year, by 4.42% vs placebo (95%CIs = 3.70%–5.14%). At the hip, this value was 2.94% (95%CIs = 2.13%–3.75%). Overall results of limited studies for non-bisphosphonate drugs showed increased BMD and raloxifene significantly decreases the risk of subsequent clinical vertebral fractures. Conclusion: The bisphosphonates are efficacious and most evident for the primary prevention of osteoporotic vertebral fractures, reducing their incidence and improving BMD in postmenopausal women with osteopenia or osteoporosis.
Published: 2020
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20. Use and effectiveness of dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a multicenter retrospective study in Taiwan

Author: Jung-Fu Chen, Yun-Shing Peng, Chung-Sen Chen, Chin-Hsiao Tseng, Pei-Chi Chen, Ting-I Lee, Yung-Chuan Lu, Yi-Sun Yang, Ching-Ling Lin, Yi-Jen Hung, Szu-Ta Chen, Chieh-Hsiang Lu, Chwen-Yi Yang, Ching-Chu Chen, Chun-Chuan Lee, Pi-Jung Hsiao, Ju-Ying Jiang, and Shih-Te Tu
Subjects: Dapagliflozin, HbA1c, SGLT2 inhibitors, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Real-world evidence, Medicine, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Aims/Introduction To investigate the clinical outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who initiated dapagliflozin in real-world practice in Taiwan. Materials and Methods In this multicenter retrospective study, adult patients with T2DM who initiated dapagliflozin after May 1st 2016 either as add-on or switch therapy were included. Changes in clinical and laboratory parameters were evaluated at 3 and 6 months. Baseline factors associated with dapagliflozin response in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results A total of 1,960 patients were eligible. At 6 months, significant changes were observed: HbA1c by −0.73% (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.80, −0.67), body weight was -1.61 kg (95% CI −1.79, −1.42), and systolic/diastolic blood pressure by −3.6/−1.4 mmHg. Add-on dapagliflozin showed significantly greater HbA1c reduction (−0.82%) than switched therapy (−0.66%) (p = 0.002). The proportion of patients achieving HbA1c
Published: 2020
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21. The correlation of controlled attenuation parameter results with ultrasound-identified steatosis in real-world clinical practice

Author: Yi-Hao Yen, Jung-Fu Chen, Cheng-Kun Wu, Ming-Tsung Lin, Kuo-Chin Chang, Po-Lin Tseng, Ming-Chao Tsai, Jung-Ting Lin, and Tsung-Hui Hu
Subjects: Controlled attenuation parameter, Steatosis, Ultrasound, Chronic viral hepatitis, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) is a method for measuring steatosis based on FibroScan. Despite observer dependency, ultrasound (US) robustly diagnoses moderate and severe steatosis. Here, we aimed to evaluate the correlation of CAP with US-identified steatosis in real-world clinical practice. Methods: CAP and US were performed for 1554 chronic liver disease (CLD) patients. CAP was performed by two technicians, and US was performed by 30 hepatologists. The performance of the CAP as compared with the US results was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Results: 532 (34.2%) of the patients had hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, 723 (46.5%) of the patients had hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and the rest were patients with metabolic risk factors. CAP values were significantly correlated with the steatosis grades identified by US for all the patients (ρ = 0.497, P
Published: 2017
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22. Prevalence of diabetic macrovascular complications and related factors from 2005 to 2014 in Taiwan: A nationwide survey

Author: Chien-Hsing Lee, Yi-Ling Wu, Jeng-Fu Kuo, Jung-Fu Chen, Ming-Chu Chin, and Yi-Jen Hung
Subjects: Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Background/Purpose: Diabetic macrovascular complications contribute to nonignorable causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). In this study, the trends of risk factors and macrovascular complications were examined in patients with DM in Taiwan. Methods: Health care information and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnostic codes were retrieved from the Taiwan Bureau of National Health Insurance claims files between 2005 and 2014. Using these data, the number of cases and annual prevalence of diabetic macrovascular complications in individuals with DM were stratified by age and sex. Results: The prevalence of DM with either stroke or cardiovascular disease (CVD) showed a decreasing trend in enrolled patients with DM (p for trend
Published: 2019
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23. HbA1C Variability Is Strongly Associated With the Severity of Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes After Longer Diabetes Duration

Author: Yun-Ru Lai, Chih-Cheng Huang, Wen-Chan Chiu, Rue-Tsuan Liu, Nai-Wen Tsai, Hung-Chen Wang, Wei-Che Lin, Ben-Chung Cheng, Yu-Jih Su, Chih-Min Su, Sheng-Yuan Hsiao, Pei-Wen Wang, Jung-Fu Chen, and Cheng-Hsien Lu
Subjects: cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, composite autonomic scoring scale, HbA1c variability, long diabetes duration, type 2 diabetes, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: BackgroundVariability in the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level is associated with a higher risk of microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. We tested the hypothesis that HbA1c variability is not only strongly associated with the presence but also the degree of severity of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in patients with long diabetes durations (more than 10 years).MethodsFor each patient, the intrapersonal mean, standard deviation (SD), and coefficient of variation (CV) for HbA1c were calculated using all measurements obtained 3 years before the study. We constructed the composite autonomic scoring scale (CASS) as a measure of the severity of cardiovascular autonomic functions. Stepwise logistic regression and linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the presence of CAN and the influence of independent variables on the mean CASS, respectively.ResultsThose with CAN had a higher mean age, a higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), HbA1c-SD, HbA1c-CV, mean HbA1c, and index HbA1c, higher prevalence of retinopathy as the underlying disease, and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Stepwise logistic regression showed that HbA1c-SD and retinopathy were risk factors that were independently associated with the presence of CAN. Mean HbA1c, HbA1c-CV, HbA1c-SD, and index HbA1c were positively correlated with mean CASS, and a multiple linear regression analysis revealed that HbA1c-SD was independently associated with the mean CASS.ConclusionHbA1c variability is strongly associated with not only the presence but also the degree of severity of CAN. A longitudinal study is required to confirm whether controlling blood glucose level is effective in reducing CAN progression.
Published: 2019
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24. Fracture liaison services improve outcomes of patients with osteoporosis-related fractures: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis

Author: Chih-Hsing Wu, Shih-Te Tu, Yin-Fan Chang, Ding-Cheng Chan, Jui-Teng Chien, Chih-Hsueh Lin, Sonal Singh, Manikanta Dasari, Jung-Fu Chen, and Keh-Sung Tsai
Subjects: Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Published: 2017
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25. Using controlled attenuation parameter combined with ultrasound to survey non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in hemodialysis patients: A prospective cohort study.

Author: Yi-Hao Yen, Jin-Bor Chen, Ben-Chung Cheng, Jung-Fu Chen, Kuo-Chin Chang, Po-Lin Tseng, Cheng-Kun Wu, Ming-Chao Tsai, Ming-Tsung Lin, and Tsung-Hui Hu
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) is a non-invasive method for measuring hepatic steatosis (HS). Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely related to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). CVDs are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of NAFLD in hemodialysis patients.We prospectively enrolled patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis, as well as patients with normal renal function who served as controls. The control group patients were referred by an endocrinologist to be tested for NAFLD; most of these patients had diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia. We excluded those with excess alcohol intake, use of drugs known to induce HS, chronic viral hepatitis, or CAP failure. CAP ≥ 238 dB/m was used as a cutoff suggesting HS. An increased liver kidney contrast, as defined by ultrasound, was used to make the diagnosis of HS.Three hundred and forty-three hemodialysis patients and 252 control group patients were enrolled. Among the hemodialysis patients, 192 (56.0%) had CAP- or ultrasound-identified HS compared with 91 (26.5%) who only had ultrasound-identified HS (P
Published: 2017
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26. Incidence and prevalence rates of diabetes mellitus in Taiwan: Analysis of the 2000–2009 Nationwide Health Insurance database

Author: Yi-Der Jiang, Chia-Hsuin Chang, Tong-Yuan Tai, Jung-Fu Chen, and Lee-Ming Chuang
Subjects: diabetes mellitus, incidence, prevalence, Taiwan National Health Insurance, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Formerly, Taiwan's diabetic population has been estimated by surveys conducted at irregular intervals and using different sampling methods. To obtain nationwide data on the incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Taiwan, we performed an analysis of the 2000–2009 claim data from the National Health Insurance (NHI) database. Methods: One-third of the claims in the NHI database from 2000 to 2009 were randomly sampled. DM was defined by three or more outpatient visits with diagnostic codes (ICD-9-CM: 250 or A code: A181) within 1 year or by one inpatient discharge diagnosis of DM. Confirmation of type 1 diabetes mellitus was based on the issue of a catastrophic illness certificate with the same diagnostic codes. Age and/or gender distribution for DM were determined. Results: In accordance with the global trend for DM, with a near constant standardized incidence rate, there was a more than 70% increase in the total diabetic population, or a 35% increase in the standardized prevalence rate, in Taiwan from 2000 to 2009. The incidence of diabetes was higher in men, especially in the 20–59-year-old age group, and the total number of men with diabetes exceeded the number of women with diabetes in 2005. However, the prevalence and incidence rates in women over the age of 60 years were higher than those in men. Type 1 DM was present in less than 1% of the diabetic population in Taiwan. Conclusion: The incidence of diabetes, including type 1, remained stable over this 10-year period in Taiwan. However, the incidence rate in men aged 20–59 years was higher than that in age-matched women. With our nationwide database, subgroup analysis of DM incidence can be performed to refine our health policies for the prevention, screening, and treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Published: 2012
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27. Osteoporosis treatment in postmenopausal women with pre-existing fracture

Author: Ming-Huei Cheng, Jung-Fu Chen, Jong-Ling Fuh, Wen-Ling Lee, and Peng-Hui Wang
Subjects: bone, fracture, osteoporosis, postmenopausal women, Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991
Abstract: Osteoporotic patients with existing fractures are at substantially higher risk of subsequent fractures than those free of fractures. Given the lack of head-to-head comparison trials, indirect comparison of various antiosteoporosis treatments may be an alternative way to develop a preliminary idea. The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review of antiosteoporosis treatment clinical trials that have investigated on patients with existing fractures. All the results of randomized placebo-controlled trials of the available antiosteoporosis treatments, including bisphosphonates, selective estrogen receptor modulators, calcitonin, strontium ranelate, and agents derived from parathyroid hormone, on patients with existing fractures were summarized. All the antiosteoporotic agents had significant efficacy in increasing lumbar spine bone mineral density and reduction in the occurrence of any new vertebral fractures. All interventions provided gains in quality-adjusted life-years compared with patients without treatment. The results from an indirect comparison must be interpreted with caution due to heterogeneous study design, discrepancies of disease severity at baseline, and differences in analytical methodologies. The devastating complications subsequent to osteoporotic fractures create medical and financial burdens; therefore, treatment of patients with osteoporotic fractures should be positioned in the top priority in the utilization of medical resources.
Published: 2012
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28. Clinical Characteristics of Endogenous Cushing’s Syndrome at a Medical Center in Southern Taiwan

Author: Shih-Chen Tung, Pei-Wen Wang, Rue-Tsuan Liu, Jung-Fu Chen, Ching-Jung Hsieh, Ming-Chun Kuo, Joseph W. Yang, Wei-Ching Lee, Min-Hsiung Cheng, and Tao-Chen Lee
Subjects: Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, RC648-665
Abstract: From January 1987 to December 2011, over a total of 25 years, 84 patients with Cushing’s syndrome (CS) were identified at a medical center in southern Taiwan. We observed a higher incidence of ACTH-independent CS (75%) than ACTH-dependent CS (25%). A higher incidence of adrenocortical adenoma (58.3%) than Cushing’s disease (CD, 21.4%) was also found. The sensitivity of the definitive diagnostic tests for CS, including loss of plasma cortisol circadian rhythm, a baseline 24 h urinary free cortisol (UFC) value >80 μg, and overnight and 2-day low-dose dexamethasone suppression test, was between 94.4% and 100%. For the 2-day high-dose dexamethasone suppression test for the differential diagnosis of CD, the sensitivity of 0800 h plasma cortisol and 24 h UFC was 44.4% and 85.7%, respectively. For the differential diagnosis of adrenal CS, the sensitivities of the 0800 h plasma cortisol and 24 h UFC were 95.5% and 88.9%, respectively. In patients with ACTH-independent CS and ACTH-dependent CS, the baseline plasma ACTH levels were all below 29 pg/mL and above 37 pg/mL, respectively. The postsurgical hospitalization stay following retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy was shorter than that observed for transabdominal adrenalectomy (4.3 ± 1.6 versus 8.8 ± 3.7 days, P
Published: 2013
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29. Clinical care guidance in patients with diabetes and metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease: A joint consensus.

Author: Jee-Fu Huang, Tien-Jyun Chang, Ming-Lun Yeh, Feng-Chih Shen, Chi-Ming Tai, Jung-Fu Chen, Yi-Hsiang Huang, Chih-Yao Hsu, Pin-Nan Cheng, Ching-Ling Lin, Chao-Hung Hung, Ching-Chu Chen, Mei-Hsuan Lee, Chun-Chuan Lee, Chih-Wen Lin, Sung-Chen Liu, Hwai-I Yang, Rong-Nan Chien, Chin-Sung Kuo, and Cheng-Yuan Peng
Published: 2024
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30. Feasibility of combining heart rate variability and electrochemical skin conductance as screening and severity evaluation of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes

Author: Cheng-Hsien Lu, Chih-Cheng Huang, Nai-Wen Tsai, Wen-Chan Chiu, Yun-Ru Lai, Ben-Chung Cheng, Hsueh-Wen Chang, and Jung-Fu Chen
Subjects: Male, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Type 2 diabetes, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Severity of Illness Index, 0302 clinical medicine, Diabetic Neuropathies, Heart Rate, Risk Factors, Outpatient clinic, Heart rate variability, Prospective Studies, food and beverages, General Medicine, Articles, Galvanic Skin Response, Prognosis, Clinical Science and Care, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiology, Original Article, Female, circulatory and respiratory physiology, medicine.medical_specialty, Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Electrochemical skin conductance, Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Internal Medicine, medicine, Autonomic reflex, Humans, Aged, Autonomic nerve, business.industry, fungi, Electrochemical Techniques, medicine.disease, RC648-665, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, ROC Curve, Feasibility Studies, Autonomic neuropathy, business, Skin conductance, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Aims/Introduction Clinical studies show that either heart rate variability (HRV) or electrochemical skin conductance (ESC) alone can serve as a simple and objective method for screening cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN). We tested the hypothesis that combining these two quantitative approaches can not only reinforce accuracy in CAN screening but also provide a better estimate of CAN severity in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who had already had CAN in outpatient clinics. Materials and Methods Each patient received a complete battery of cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests (CARTs), with ESC measured by SUDOSCAN, time domain of HRV measured by standard deviation of all normal RR intervals (SDNN) and frequency domain of HRV (low frequency [LF], high frequency [HF], and LF/HF ratio), and peripheral blood studies for vascular risk factors. Severity of CAN was measured by CAN score. Results The 90 T2DM patients included 50 males and 40 females. Those with more severe CAN had lower values in feet ESC (P = 0.023) and SDNN (P
Published: 2021

31. Circulating Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Is Associated with Diabetic Neuropathy

Author: Shao-Wen Weng, Wen-Chieh Chen, Feng-Chih Shen, Pei-Wen Wang, Jung-Fu Chen, and Chia-Wei Liou
Subjects: Science & Technology, ALBUMINURIA, HYPERTENSION, growth differentiation factor 15, diabetic neuropathy, nerve conductive study, type 2 DM, MORTALITY, General Medicine, FACTOR-15/MACROPHAGE INHIBITORY CYTOKINE-1, C-REACTIVE PROTEIN, DISEASE, PREVALENCE, PATHWAY, Medicine, General & Internal, General & Internal Medicine, SURVIVAL, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY
Abstract: Background: Growth differentiation factor (GDF15) is a superfamily of transforming growth factor-beta which has been suggested to be correlated with various pathological conditions. The current study aimed to investigate the predicted role of circulating GDF15 in diabetic metabolism characteristics and diabetic neuropathy. Methods: 241 diabetic patients and 42 non-diabetic subjects were included to participate in the study. The plasma GDF15 levels were measured using ELISA. Chronic kidney disease and albuminuria were defined according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guideline. The nerve conductive study (NCS) was performed with measurement of distal latency, amplitude, nerve conduction velocity (NCV), H-reflex, and F-wave studies. Results: The diabetic group had a significantly higher prevalence of chronic kidney disease and higher plasma GDF15 level. After adjusting for age and BMI, GDF15 was significantly positively correlated with waist circumference (r = 0.332, p =
Published: 2022
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32. Long-term outcome and prognostic factors of single-dose Radioiodine Therapy in patients with Graves' disease

Author: Feng-Chih Shen, Jung-Fu Chen, Chia-Jen Tsai, Chen-Kai Chou, Cheng-Feng Taso, Yi-Ting Yang, Chih-Min Chang, Pei-Wen Wang, Shih-Chen Tung, Ming-Chun Kuo, and Shao-Wen Weng
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Asia, Goiter, endocrine system diseases, Graves' disease, Taiwan, Disease, Tertiary referral hospital, Iodine Radioisotopes, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Radioiodine therapy, medicine, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Outcome, Univariate analysis, lcsh:R5-920, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Graves Disease, Regimen, Treatment Outcome, Goiter size, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, business, lcsh:Medicine (General)
Abstract: Background/purpose: Few studies exist investigating the effectiveness of radioiodine (RAI) therapy for hyperthyroidism patients in Asia. We herein investigated the real-world efficacy of single-dose RAI therapy in Taiwanese patients with Graves’ disease (GD). Methods: This is a retrospective study of 243 patients with GD recorded between 1989 and 2016 in a tertiary referral hospital. Eu- or hypothyroid after RAI therapy were defined as the successful group. Kaplan–Meier curve and cox-regression model were used for analysis of prognostic factors. Results: Of the 243 patients, 187 were females, with mean age of 46.9 ± 13.6 years. Most patients (63.8%) did not choose RAI as the first-line therapy. The median dose was 7 mCi, with a mean follow-up period of 107.1 ± 82.8 months. The overall success rate was 70.9%. Univariate analysis revealed calculated- or fixed-dose (P = 0.015), goiter size (P
Published: 2020

33. Correlations of clinical parameters with quality of life in patients with acromegaly: Taiwan Acromegaly Registry

Author: Jung-Fu Chen, Fen-Yu Tseng, Tien-Chun Chang, Szu-Tah Chen, Tien-Shang Huang, Pei-Wen Wang, Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu, and Jen-Der Lin
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Taiwan, Comorbidity, Affect (psychology), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Quality of life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Acromegaly, Diabetes Mellitus, medicine, Humans, In patient, Registries, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, lcsh:R5-920, Cerebral vascular accident, business.industry, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Hormones, Cerebrovascular Disorders, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Quality of Life, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Somatostatin, business, lcsh:Medicine (General)
Abstract: Background/Purpose: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the associations between clinical parameters and quality of life (QOL) of patients with acromegaly in Taiwan and to identify the impacts of hormone control, regimens, or co-morbidities on acromegalic patients' daily life. Methods: From 2013 to 2015, subjects with acromegaly were recruited through five medical centers. Clinical data were recorded. The QOL of enrolled patients were assessed by using Acromegaly Quality of Life Questionnaire (AcroQoL). Results: This study enrolled 272 acromegalic subjects (117 males, 155 females). Remission, defined by normalization of IGF-1, had significant positive association with QOL scores in psychological/appearance (PSY/APP) dimension (β = 6.760, p = 0.023). Somatostatin analogues therapy had negative associations with total score and score in psychological (PSY) dimension (β = −4.720, p = 0.046 and β = −5.388, p = 0.035, respectively). Diabetes mellitus had negative associations with score in PSY dimension and psychological/personal relations (PSY/PER) dimensions (β = −5.839, p = 0.034 and β = −7.516, p = 0.013, respectively). Cerebral vascular accident (CVA) had significant negative associations with total score and scores in physical (PHY), PSY, and PSY/PER dimensions (β = −26.632, p = 0.013; β = −28.353, p = 0.024; β = −25.648, p = 0.026; and β = −34.586, p = 0.006, respectively). All these associations remained significant even after adjusted with sex and age. Conclusion: Our analysis suggested that not only hormone control but also therapeutic regimens and presence of co-morbidities might affect QOL of patients with acromegaly in some dimensions. Keywords: Taiwan acromegaly registry, Quality of life, Clinical parameters
Published: 2019

34. A Randomized Controlled Trial of R-Form Verapamil Added to Ongoing Metformin Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Author: Chih-Yuan Wang, Kuo-Chin Huang, Chia-Wen Lu, Chih-Hsun Chu, Chien-Ning Huang, Harn-Shen Chen, I-Te Lee, Jung-Fu Chen, Ching-Chu Chen, Chung-Sen Chen, Chang-Hsun Hsieh, Kai-Jen Tien, Hung-Yu Chien, Yu-Yao Huang, Jui-Pao Hsu, Guang-Tzuu Shane, Ai-Ching Chang, Yen-Chieh Wu, and Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu
Subjects: VERAPAMIL, METFORMIN, TYPE 2 diabetes, HYPOGLYCEMIA, HEMOGLOBINS
Abstract: Context: There is a medical need for effective insulin-independent antidiabetic drugs that can promote pancreatic β-cell function and have a low risk of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. R-form verapamil (R-Vera), which is able to enhance the survival of β-cells and has higher cardiovascular safety margin compared with racemic verapamil, was developed as a novel approach for T2DM treatment. Objective: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 3 dosages of R-Vera added to ongoing metformin therapy in T2DM patients who had inadequate glycemic control on metformin alone. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned in an equal ratio to receive R-Vera 450, 300, or 150 mg per day, or matching placebo, in combination with metformin. The primary endpoint was change in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) after 12 weeks of treatment. Results: A total of 184 eligible participants were randomized to receive either R-Vera or placebo plus metformin. At week 12, significant reductions in HbA1c were observed for R-Vera 300 mg/day (-0.36, P = 0.0373) and 450 mg/day (-0.45, P = 0.0098) compared with placebo. The reduction in HbA1c correlated with decreasing fasting plasma glucose levels and improved HOMA2-β score. Treatment with R-Vera was well tolerated with no hypoglycemic episodes occurring during the trial. Conclusion: Addition of R-Vera twice daily to ongoing metformin therapy significantly improved glycemic control in T2DM patients. The favorable efficacy and safety profile of R-Vera 300 mg/day can be considered as the appropriate dose for clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2022
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35. Use and effectiveness of dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a multicenter retrospective study in Taiwan

Author: Chung Sen Chen, Szu Ta Chen, Ju Ying Jiang, Yi Sun Yang, Jung Fu Chen, Yi Jen Hung, Ching Ling Lin, Chun Chuan Lee, Chin Hsiao Tseng, Ting I. Lee, Shih Te Tu, Pi Jung Hsiao, Chieh Hsiang Lu, Yun Shing Peng, Ching-Chu Chen, Pei Chi Chen, Yung Chuan Lu, and Chwen Yi Yang
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Drugs and Devices, HbA1c, endocrine system diseases, lcsh:Medicine, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Weight loss, Internal medicine, Evidence Based Medicine, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, medicine, Internal Medicine, Dapagliflozin, Glycemic, Real-world evidence, business.industry, General Neuroscience, lcsh:R, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Retrospective cohort study, General Medicine, Confidence interval, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blood pressure, chemistry, Glycated hemoglobin, medicine.symptom, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, business, SGLT2 inhibitors
Abstract: Aims/Introduction To investigate the clinical outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who initiated dapagliflozin in real-world practice in Taiwan. Materials and Methods In this multicenter retrospective study, adult patients with T2DM who initiated dapagliflozin after May 1st 2016 either as add-on or switch therapy were included. Changes in clinical and laboratory parameters were evaluated at 3 and 6 months. Baseline factors associated with dapagliflozin response in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results A total of 1,960 patients were eligible. At 6 months, significant changes were observed: HbA1c by −0.73% (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.80, −0.67), body weight was -1.61 kg (95% CI −1.79, −1.42), and systolic/diastolic blood pressure by −3.6/−1.4 mmHg. Add-on dapagliflozin showed significantly greater HbA1c reduction (−0.82%) than switched therapy (−0.66%) (p = 0.002). The proportion of patients achieving HbA1c Conclusions In this real-world study with the highest patient number of Chinese population to date, the use of dapagliflozin was associated with significant improvement in glycemic control, body weight, and blood pressure in patients with T2DM. Initiating dapagliflozin as add-on therapy showed better glycemic control than as switch therapy.
Published: 2020

36. Leptin mediate central obesity on the severity of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in well-controlled type 2 diabetes and prediabetes

Author: Wei-Che Lin, Meng Hsiang Chen, Wen-Chan Chiu, Nai-Wen Tsai, Ben-Chung Cheng, Jung-Fu Chen, Yun-Ru Lai, Cheng-Hsien Lu, and Chih-Cheng Huang
Subjects: Leptin, medicine.medical_specialty, Mediation (statistics), Waist, Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, lcsh:Medicine, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Type 2 diabetes, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Body Mass Index, Prediabetic State, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Humans, Prediabetes, Cardiac autonomic reflex tests, Longitudinal Studies, Composite autonomic scoring scale, business.industry, Research, lcsh:R, fungi, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, food and beverages, Type 2 diabetes and prediabetes, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Obesity, Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Central obesity, Obesity, Abdominal, Waist circumference, business
Abstract: Background Evidences support the view that central obesity is an independently cardiovascular risk. It is thought that leptin contributes to autonomic dysfunction and cardiovascular risks in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM). This raises the possibility that leptin might mediate the relationship between central obesity and the severity of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in patients with well-controlled T2DM and prediabetes. Methods The complete cardiovascular reflex tests and biomarkers were assessed for each patient. The severity of CAN was assessed using composite autonomic scoring scale (CASS). A single-level three-variable mediation model was used to investigate the possible relationships among central obesity [as indicated by waist circumference (WC)], leptin level, and severity of CAN (as indicated by CASS value). Results A total of 107 patients were included in this study: 90 with diabetes and 17 with prediabetes. The results demonstrate that increased WC is associated with increased severity of CAN (r = 0.242, P = 0.017). We further discovered that leptin level is positively correlated with WC (r = 0.504, P Conclusions Our results highlighted the relationship among leptin, central obesity, and severity of CAN. As the leptin level serves as mediator between central obesity and severity of CAN, a longitudinal study is needed to confirm that control of WC can decrease leptin levels and can be effective in reducing CAN progression.
Published: 2020

37. HbA1C Variability Is Strongly Associated with Development of Macroalbuminuria in Normal or Microalbuminuria in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Six-Year Follow-Up Study

Author: Yun-Ru Lai, Cheng-Hsien Lu, Chih-Cheng Huang, Wen-Chan Chiu, Jung-Fu Chen, and Ben-Chung Cheng
Subjects: Blood Glucose, Male, endocrine system diseases, Type 2 diabetes, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Kidney, Kidney Function Tests, urologic and male genital diseases, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Aged, 80 and over, General Medicine, Middle Aged, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, Creatinine, Disease Progression, Medicine, Female, Research Article, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Article Subject, Taiwan, Renal function, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Albumins, Internal medicine, medicine, Albuminuria, Humans, Aged, Glycemic, Glycated Hemoglobin, General Immunology and Microbiology, business.industry, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, nutritional and metabolic diseases, medicine.disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, chemistry, Uric acid, Microalbuminuria, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Background. Glycemic variability is associated with higher risk of microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. Aim. To test the hypothesis that glycemic variability can contribute to progression to macroalbuminuria in normal or microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes. Design. This prospective study enrolled 193 patients with type 2 diabetes at a tertiary medical center. Methods. For each patient, the intrapersonal glycemic variability (mean, SD, and coefficient of variation of HbA1c) was calculated using all measurements obtained three years before the study. Patients were divided into four groups stratified by both urine albumin/creatinine ratio and HbA1c-SD. The presence of macroalbuminuria was assessed with Kaplan–Meier plots and compared by log-rank test. Results. Of the 193 patients, 83 patients were in the macroalbuminuria state. Patients in the initial macroalbuminuria group after enrollment had the highest diabetes duration, mean, CV-HbA1c and HbA1c-SD, and uric acid level, and the lowest estimate glomerular filtration rate, followed by subsequent macroalbuminuria and without macroalbuminuria groups. Patients with microalbuminuria and high HbA1c-SD showed the highest progression rate to macroalbuminuria, after a six-year follow-up study by Kaplan–Meier Plots and compared by log-rank test. Conclusions. Higher HbA1C variability is more likely to progress to macroalbuminuria in those patients who are already in a microalbuminuria state. We recommend that clinicians should aggressively control blood glucose to an acceptable range and avoid blood glucose fluctuations by individualized treatment to prevent renal status progression.
Published: 2020

38. Odanacatib for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: results of the LOFT multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and LOFT Extension study

Author: Michael R McClung, Michelle L O'Donoghue, Socrates E Papapoulos, Henry Bone, Bente Langdahl, Kenneth G Saag, Ian R Reid, Douglas P Kiel, Ilaria Cavallari, Marc P Bonaca, Stephen D Wiviott, Tobias de Villiers, Xu Ling, Kurt Lippuner, Toshitaka Nakamura, Jean-Yves Reginster, Jose Adolfo Rodriguez-Portales, Christian Roux, José Zanchetta, Cristiano A F Zerbini, Jeong-Gun Park, KyungAh Im, Abby Cange, Laura T Grip, Norman Heyden, Carolyn DaSilva, Dosinda Cohn, Rachid Massaad, Boyd B Scott, Nadia Verbruggen, Deborah Gurner, Deborah L Miller, Micki L Blair, Adam B Polis, S Aubrey Stoch, Arthur Santora, Antonio Lombardi, Albert T Leung, Keith D Kaufman, Marc S Sabatine, Carlos Alfredo Mautalén, Zulema Man, Jose Ruben Zanchetta, Clelia Haydee Magaril, Philip Sambrook, Piet Geusens, Stefan Goemaere, Ben Hur Albergaria, Cristiano Augusto de Freitas Zerbini, Marise Lazaretti Castro, Luiz Henrique Gregorio, Rumen Stoilov, Anna-Maria I Borissova, Kiril Hristov Hristozov, Nataliya L Temelkova, Ivona Kirilova Daskalova, Stefka Ivanova Kuzmanova, Daniela Yaneva-Bichovska, Anastas Zgurov Batalov, Pablo Riedemann, José Adolfo Rodriguez Portales, Hai Tang, hanmin Zhu, Zhenlin Zhang, Aijun Chao, Yali Hu, Zhiming Liu, Juming Lu, Mingcai Qiu, Xin Gao, Shaofen Zhang, Ling Xu, Weibo Xia, Eryuan Liao, Wenying Yang, Wen Wu, Kerong Dai, Renming Hu, Juan Jose Jaller, Francisco Cabal, José Fernando Molina, Carlos A Cure Cure, Hernan Yupanqui-Lozno, Philippe Chalem, John Londono, Mauricio Abello, Edgardo D Tobias, William Otero, Tatjana Nikolic, Blazenka Miskic, Jan Stepan, Vaclav Vyskocil, Libor Novosad, Jan Slesinger, Pavel Novosad, Erika Vlckova, Ladislav Bortlik, Eva Dokoupilova, Tomas Hala, Jens-Erik Beck Jensen, Kim Torsten Brixen, Bente Lomholt Langdahl, Peter Schwarz, Peter Claes Eskildsen, Pia Agnete Eiken, Anne Pernille Hermann, Jeppe Gram, Maiken Brix Schou, Peter Alexandersen, Bettina Nedergaard, Dolores Magdalena Mejía, Lourdes Estrella De Henriquez, Norka Páez, Casimiro Velazco, Ivo Valter, Kadri-Liina Vahula, Ingrid Kull, Katre Maasalu, Roland Chapurlat, Patrice Fardellone, Claude Laurent Benhamou, Georges Weryha, Volkmar Herkt, Rene Martz, Ruth Nischik, Wolfgang Spieler, Christel Contzen, Dieter Felsenberg, Isolde Frieling, Eike Frahm, Henry Briones, Boris Sandoval, Patricia Barrios, Abraham García, Carlos Avendaño, Magdalena González, Jeremías Guerra, Maria Tuna, Olga Marina Díaz, Eduardo Samayoa, Edgar López, José Raúl Barrera, Mainor Palencia, Mayra Cifuentes, Georgina Alvarado, Miriam López, Nilmo Chavez, Franklin Haase, Ruddy Rivera, Claudio González, Kathryn Tan, Ping Chung Leung, Sheshadri Mandalam, Shailesh Umakant Pitale, Ganapathi Bantwal, Ariachery Chinamma Ammini, Shehla Sajid Akhta Shaikh, Prasanna Kumar Kanakatte Mylariah, Mala Dharmalingam, Satinath Mukhopadhyay, Arpit Jain, Parminder Singh, Naresh Shetty, Srikanta Shamanna Sathyanarayana, Nalini Shah, Manoj Dharam Chadha, Rajendra Bhandankar, Kumaravel Velayutham, Sudha Marwah, Mathew John, Rakesh Kumar Sahay, Silvano Adami, Ranuccio Nuti, Gerolamo Bianchi, Maria Luisa Brandi, Salvatore Minisola, Carmelo Erio Fiore, Alessandro Rubinacci, Hisayuki Miyajima, Hiroo Yamane, Yuji Nakatani, Sumiaki Okamoto, Koji Kuroda, Motoaki Fujimori, Akira Itabashi, Kuniaki Katayama, Satoru Nakajo, Yoshiaki Somekawa, Yoshimitsu Ohsawa, Wataru Tajima, Katsunori Mizuno, Shigeru Mori, Takato Kanabuchi, Hiroyuki Hashizume, Nobuyuki Oka, Kazutoshi Hamada, Motoi Yamaguchi, Fumiki Hirahara, Masaaki Atobe, Yoshiharu Ohtake, Shuichi Ichikawa, Tomoyuki Onishi, Kou Matsumoto, Tetsuro Nakamura, Eishi Shirasawa, Ko Katayama, Mitsugu Takahashi, Tadanori Oguma, Hideo Matsui, Yoshiharu Katoh, Keiichi Shigenobu, Tsutomu Onishi, Masato Shibukawa, Satoshi Ikeda, Kazuhiro Osaka, Ryosuke Kanda, Yoshito Inobe, Masaharu Shigenobu, Morimasa Hasegawa, Tetsuo Yamaji, Yu Miyazaki, Takayasu Ito, Eisuke Nakamura, Shinji Nagai, Sung-Kil Lim, Yoon-Sok Chung, Chan-Soo Shin, Yong-Ki Min, Ghi Su Kim, Hyun Koo Yoon, Moo-Il Kang, Kyu-Hyun Yang, Hyoung Moo Park, In Joo Kim, Dong Jin Chung, Ho Yeon Chung, Sandra Jaundzeikare, Dace Andersone, Agita Medne, Yasser Yaghi, Vidmantas Alekna, Vytautas Kasiulevicius, Irina Purtokaite - Labutiniene, Aurelija Krasauskiene, Jurate Varanaviciene, Vida Basijokiene, Agne Abraitiene, Lina Radzeviciene, Jesus Walliser, Pedro Alberto García Hernández, Maria Frida Araujo, Hilario Ernesto Avila Armengol, Pilar De la Peña, Juan Tamayo, Beatriz Zazueta, Fidencio Cons, Nigel Leslie Gilchrist, Ian Reginald Reid, Robert Leikis, Peter Jones, Joe Gragrath Pradeep Singh, Johan Inge Halse, Unni Syversen, Hans Olav Høivik, Erik Snorre Øfjord, Hans Christian Gulseth, Sigbjørn Elle, Paal Dag Norheim, Armando A. Calvo Quiroz, Pastor A. Cesar Augusto, Manuel Gustavo León Portocarrero, Luis Fernando Vidal Neira, Jose Chavez, Boris Garro Barrera, Rita Kuroiwa Sampei, Bellatín V. Luis Fernando, Rogger Oquelis Cabredo, Sonia Castillo, Agustin Miguel G Morales, Perry Pua Tan, Liberato Antonio C Leagogo, Edward HM Wang, Julie T Li-Yu, Andrzej Z Sawicki, Barbara Stasiuk, Grzegorz Kania, Roman Lorenc, Anna Sidorowicz-Bialynicka, Leszek Szczepanski, Edward Franek, Rafal Filip, Jan Sekula, Tomasz Blicharski, Piotr Leszczynski, Ewa Sewerynek, Tomasz Miazgowski, Andrzej Milewicz, Magda Dabrowska, Jerzy Romaszko, Wojciech Pluskiewicz, Lukasz Wojnowski, Catalin Codreanu, Horatiu Bolosiu, Ruxandra Ionescu, Ioana Zosin, Liviu Macovei, Mihai Bojinca, Florin Radulescu, Simona Pop, Adrian Sarbu, Lidia I Benevolenskaya, Evgeny L Nasonov, Lyudmila Ya Rozhinskaya, Raphael G Oganov, Svetlana S Rodionova, Eugeny Vladimirovich Shlyakhto, Vasiliy Trofimov, Eugeny G Zotkin, Irina E Zazerskaya, Elena N Grineva, Olga Ershova, Olga Lesnyak, Olga D Ostroumova, Svetlana B Malichenko, Eduard G Pikhlak, Valery G Pilyaev, Tatiana Raskina, Elena V Zonova, Valery S Shirinsky, Aleksandar N Dimic, Goran Cobeljic, Svetlana Vujovic, Graham Charlston Ellis, Stanley Lipschitz, Tobias Johannes De Villiers, Albert Jan De Weerd, Tasneem Vally, Yvonne Trinder, Jacobus Ludewikus Coetsee, Charles Pierre Davis, Savithree Nayiager, Frans Stephanus Hough, Louis F Oelofse, Eugene van der Walt, Johannes Jurgens Lombaard, Suzanne Blignaut, Uttam Govind, Leon Frederik Fouche, Dawid Stephanus Kruger, Johannes Paul Dalmeyer, Mada M Ferreira, Alejandro Escudero-Contreras, Manuel Muñoz Torres, Federico Hawkins Carranza, Jose Luis Perez Castrillon, Juan Antonio García Meijide, Esteban Jodar Gimeno, Santiago Palacios Gil-Antuñana, Luis de Teresa Parreno, Emilio Martín Mola, Carmen Alvarez Sanchez, Keh-Sung Tsai, Shih-Te Tu, Jung-Fu Chen, Oscar Kuang-Sheng Lee, Wen-Wei Hsu, Natalia Viktorivna Grygorieva, Vladyslav Volodymyrovych Povoroznyuk, Mykola Oleksiiovych Korzh, Oleksandr Levgeniiovych Loskutov, Andriy Borysovych Chukov, Rex Sarmiento, Hawys Thomas, Hugh Donnachie, Irina Pavel-Knox, Hilary Shaw, Hana Hassanin, Essam Eldin Ahmed Abdulhakim, Naren Savani, Gloria A Bachmann, Elizabeth Barrett-Connor, Neil C Binkley, Henry G Bone, Donald M Brandon, Darin David Checketts, Neil J Fraser, Nelson B Watts, Steven A Geller, Joseph S Gimbel, Maria White Greenwald, Peter A Holt, Cyrus Conrad Johnston, Chien Fang, David J Klashman, E. Michael Lewiecki, Mitchell B Lowenstein, Michael Roy McClung, Susan M Nattrass, Alberto Odio, Julie Levengood, Josefina Romaguera, Mohamed Bassam Sebai, Brian Snyder, Mark Eliot Kutner, Dan Streja, Elliott P Schwartz, and Mark G Christiansen
Subjects: cathepsin-k inhibitor, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Osteoporosis, Placebo-controlled study, law.invention, Fractures, Bone, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Randomized controlled trial, Bone Density, law, Outpatient clinic, 030212 general & internal medicine, Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal, Aged, 80 and over, density, Hip fracture, Bone Density Conservation Agents, odanacatib, postmenopausal osteoporosis, LOFT, extension study, Treatment Outcome, medicine.anatomical_structure, Spinal Fractures, Female, women, strength, Odanacatib, medicine.medical_specialty, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Placebo, 03 medical and health sciences, Double-Blind Method, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, bone mass, fracture, mortality, denosumab, turnover, therapy, Aged, Femoral neck, Hip Fractures, business.industry, Biphenyl Compounds, medicine.disease, chemistry, business, Osteoporotic Fractures
Abstract: Background: Odanacatib, a cathepsin K inhibitor, reduces bone resorption while maintaining bone formation. Previous work has shown that odanacatib increases bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with low bone mass. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of odanacatib to reduce fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Methods: The Long-term Odanacatib Fracture Trial (LOFT) was a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, event-driven study at 388 outpatient clinics in 40 countries. Eligible participants were women aged at least 65 years who were postmenopausal for 5 years or more, with a femoral neck or total hip bone mineral density T-score between −2·5 and −4·0 if no previous radiographic vertebral fracture, or between −1·5 and −4·0 with a previous vertebral fracture. Women with a previous hip fracture, more than one vertebral fracture, or a T-score of less than −4·0 at the total hip or femoral neck were not eligible unless they were unable or unwilling to use approved osteoporosis treatment. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to either oral odanacatib (50 mg once per week) or matching placebo. Randomisation was done using an interactive voice recognition system after stratification for previous radiographic vertebral fracture, and treatment was masked to study participants, investigators and their staff, and sponsor personnel. If the study completed before 5 years of double-blind treatment, consenting participants could enrol in a double-blind extension study (LOFT Extension), continuing their original treatment assignment for up to 5 years from randomisation. Primary endpoints were incidence of vertebral fractures as assessed using radiographs collected at baseline, 6 and 12 months, yearly, and at final study visit in participants for whom evaluable radiograph images were available at baseline and at least one other timepoint, and hip and non-vertebral fractures adjudicated as being a result of osteoporosis as assessed by clinical history and radiograph. Safety was assessed in participants who received at least one dose of study drug. The adjudicated cardiovascular safety endpoints were a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, and new-onset atrial fibrillation or flutter. Individual cardiovascular endpoints and death were also assessed. LOFT and LOFT Extension are registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (number NCT00529373) and the European Clinical Trials Database (EudraCT number 2007-002693-66). Findings: Between Sept 14, 2007, and Nov 17, 2009, we randomly assigned 16 071 evaluable patients to treatment: 8043 to odanacatib and 8028 to placebo. After a median follow-up of 36·5 months (IQR 34·43–40·15) 4297 women assigned to odanacatib and 3960 assigned to placebo enrolled in LOFT Extension (total median follow-up 47·6 months, IQR 35·45–60·06). In LOFT, cumulative incidence of primary outcomes for odanacatib versus placebo were: radiographic vertebral fractures 3·7% (251/6770) versus 7·8% (542/6910), hazard ratio (HR) 0·46, 95% CI 0·40–0·53; hip fractures 0·8% (65/8043) versus 1·6% (125/8028), 0·53, 0·39–0·71; non-vertebral fractures 5·1% (412/8043) versus 6·7% (541/8028), 0·77, 0·68–0·87; all p
Published: 2019
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39. Atrasentan and renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (SONAR): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Author: Hiddo J L Heerspink, Hans-Henrik Parving, Dennis L Andress, George Bakris, Ricardo Correa-Rotter, Fan-Fan Hou, Dalane W Kitzman, Donald Kohan, Hirofumi Makino, John J V McMurray, Joel Z Melnick, Michael G Miller, Pablo E Pergola, Vlado Perkovic, Sheldon Tobe, Tingting Yi, Melissa Wigderson, Dick de Zeeuw, Alicia Elbert, Augusto Vallejos, Andres Alvarisqueta, Laura Maffei, Luis Juncos, Javier de Arteaga, Gustavo Greloni, Eduardo Farias, Alfredo Zucchini, Daniel Vogel, Ana Cusumano, Juan Santos, Margaret Fraenkel, Martin Gallagher, Tim Davis, Shamasunder Acharya, Duncan Cooke, Michael Suranyi, Simon Roger, Nigel Toussaint, Carol Pollock, Doris Chan, Stephen Stranks, Richard MacIsaac, Zoltan Endre, Alice Schmidt, Rudolf Prager, Gert Mayer, Xavier Warling, Michel Jadoul, Jean Hougardy, Chris Vercammen, Bruno Van Vlem, Pieter Gillard, Adriana Costa e Forti, Joao Lindolfo Borges, Luis Santos Canani, Freddy Eliaschewitz, Silmara Leite, Fadlo Fraige Filho, Raphael Paschoalin, Jose Andrade Moura Neto, Luciane Deboni, Irene de Lourdes Noronha, Cintia Cercato, Carlos Alberto Prompt, Maria Zanella, Nelson Rassi, Domingos D'Avila, Rosangela Milagres, Joao Felicio, Roberto Pecoits Filho, Miguel Carlos Riella, Joao Salles, Elizete Keitel, Sergio Draibe, Celso Amodeo, Joseph Youmbissi, Louise Roy, Serge Cournoyer, Shivinder Jolly, Vincent Pichette, Gihad Nesrallah, Harpreet Singh Bajaj, Hasnain Khandwala, Ronnie Aronson, Richard Goluch, Paul Tam, Christian Rabbat, Gordon Bailey, Stephen Chow, Alvaro Castillo, Alfredo Danin Vargas, Fernando Gonzalez, Rodrigo Munoz, Vicente Gutierrez, Gonzalo Godoy, Hongwen Zhao, Zhangsuo Liu, Minghui Zhao, Xiaohui Guo, Benli Su, Shuxia Fu, Yan Xu, Jinkui Yang, Bingyin Shi, Guanqing Xiao, Wei Shi, Chuanming Hao, Changying Xing, Fanfan Hou, Qun Luo, Yuxiu Li, Linong Ji, Li Zuo, Song Wang, Zhaohui Ni, Guohua Ding, Nan Chen, Jiajun Zhao, Weiping Jia, Shengqiang Yu, Jian Weng, Gang Xu, Ping Fu, Shiren Sun, Bicheng Liu, Xiaoqiang Ding, Ivan Rychlik, Alexandra Oplustilova, Dagmar Bartaskova, Vaclava Honova, Hana Chmelickova, Martin Petr, Petr Bucek, Vladimir Tesar, Emil Zahumensky, Johan Povlsen, Kenneth Egstrup, Anna Oczachowska-Kulik, Peter Rossing, Jorma Lahtela, Jorma Strand, Ilkka Kantola, Catherine Petit, Christian Combe, Philippe Zaoui, Vincent Esnault, Pablo Urena Torres, Jean-Michel Halimi, Bertrand Dussol, Tasso Bieler, Klemens Budde, Frank Dellanna, Thomas Segiet, Christine Kosch, Hans Schmidt-Guertler, Isabelle Schenkenberger, Volker Vielhauer, Frank Pistrosch, Mark Alscher, Christoph Hasslacher, Christian Hugo, Anja Muehlfeld, Christoph Wanner, Ploumis Passadakis, Theofanis Apostolou, Nikolaos Tentolouris, Ioannis Stefanidis, Konstantinos Mavromatidis, Vasilios Liakopoulos, Dimitrios Goumenos, Konstantinos Siamopoulos, Vincent Yeung, Risa Ozaki, Samuel Fung, Kathryn Tan, Sydney Tang, Sing Leung Lui, Siu Fai Cheung, Seamus Sreenan, Joseph Eustace, Donal O'Shea, Peter Lavin, Austin Stack, Yoram Yagil, Julio Wainstein, Hilla Knobler, Josef Cohen, Irina Kenis, Deeb Daoud, Yosefa Bar-Dayan, Victor Frajewicki, Faiad Adawi, Loreto Gesualdo, Domenico Santoro, Francesco Marino, Andrea Galfre, Chiara Brunati, Piero Ruggenenti, Giuseppe Rombola, Giuseppe Pugliese, Maura Ravera, Fabio Malberti, Giuseppe Pontoriero, Teresa Rampino, Salvatore De Cosmo, Ciro Esposito, Felice Nappi, Cataldo Abaterusso, Giuseppe Conte, Vincenzo Panichi, Davide Lauro, Giovambattista Capasso, Domenico Russo, Jiichi Anzai, Motoji Naka, Keita Ato, Tetsuro Tsujimoto, Toshinori Nimura, Eitaro Nakashima, Tetsuro Takeda, Shinya Fujii, Kunihisa Kobayashi, Hideaki Iwaoka, Koji Nagayama, Hiroyuki Harada, Hajime Maeda, Rui Kishimoto, Tadashi Iitsuka, Naoki Itabashi, Ryuichi Furuya, Yoshitaka Maeda, Daishiro Yamada, Nobuhiro Sasaki, Hiromitsu Sasaki, Shinichiro Ueda, Naoki Kashihara, Shuichi Watanabe, Takehiro Nakamura, Hidetoshi Kanai, Yuichiro Makita, Keiko Ono, Noriyuki Iehara, Daisuke Goto, Keiichiro Kosuge, Kenichi Tsuchida, Toshiaki Sato, Takashi Sekikawa, Hideki Okamoto, Tsuyoshi Tanaka, Naoko Ikeda, Takenobu Tadika, Koji Mukasa, Takeshi Osonoi, Fuminori Hirano, Motonobu Nishimura, Yuko Yambe, Yukio Tanaka, Makoto Ujihara, Takashi Sakai, Mitsuo Imura, Yutaka Umayahara, Shinya Makino, Jun Nakazawa, Yukinari Yamaguchi, Susumu Kashine, Hiroaki Miyaoka, Katsunori Suzuki, Toshihiko Inoue, Sou Nagai, Nobuyuki Sato, Masahiro Yamamoto, Noriyasu Taya, Akira Fujita, Akira Matsutani, Yugo Shibagaki, Yuichi Sato, Akira Yamauchi, Masahiro Tsutsui, Tamayo Ishiko, Shizuka Kaneko, Nobuyuki Azuma, Hirofumi Matsuda, Yasuhiro Hashiguchi, Yukiko Onishi, Mikiya Tokui, Munehide Matsuhisa, Arihiro Kiyosue, Junji Shinoda, Kazuo Ishikawa, Ghazali Ahmad, Shalini Vijayasingham, Nor Azizah Aziz, Zanariah Hussein, Yin Khet Fung, Wan Hasnul Halimi Wan Hassan, Hin Seng Wong, Bak Leong Goh, Norhaliza Mohd Ali, Nor Shaffinaz Yusuf Azmi Merican, Indralingam Vaithilingam, Nik Nur Fatnoon Nik Ahmad, Noor Adam, Norlela Sukor, V Paranthaman P Vengadasalam, Khalid Abdul Kadir, Mafauzy Mohamed, Karina Renoirte Lopez, Aniceto Leguizamo-Dimas, Alfredo Chew Wong, Jose Chevaile-Ramos, Jose Gonzalez Gonzalez, Raul Rico Hernandez, Jose Nino-Cruz, Leobardo Sauque Reyna, Guillermo Gonzalez-Galvez, Magdalena Madero Rovalo, Tomasso Bochicchio-Ricardelli, Jorge Aldrete, Jaime Carranza-Madrigal, Liffert Vogt, Peter Smak Gregoor, JNM Barendregt, Peter Luik, Ronald Gansevoort, Gozewijn Laverman, Helen Pilmore, Helen Lunt, John Baker, Steven Miller, Kannaiyan Rabindranath, Luis Zapata-Rincon, Rolando Vargas-Gonzales, Jorge Calderon Ticona, Augusto Dextre Espinoza, Jose Burga Nunez, Carlos Antonio Zea-Nunez, Benjamin Herrada Orue, Boris Medina-Santander, Cesar Delgado-Butron, Julio Farfan-Aspilcueta, Stanislaw Mazur, Miroslaw Necki, Michal Wruk, Katarzyna Klodawska, Grazyna Popenda, Ewa Skokowska, Malgorzata Arciszewska, Andrzej Wiecek, Kazimierz Ciechanowski, Michal Nowicki, Rita Birne, Antonio Cabrita, Aura Ramos, Manuel Anibal Antunes Ferreira, Evelyn Matta Fontanet, Altagracia Aurora Alcantara-Gonzalez, Angel Comulada-Rivera, Eugenia Galindo Ramos, Jose Cangiano, Luis Quesada-Suarez, Ricardo Calderon Ortiz, Jose Vazquez-Tanus, Rafael Burgos-Calderon, Carlos Rosado, Nicolae Hancu, Ella Pintilei, Cristina Mistodie, Gabriel Bako, Lavinia Ionutiu, Ligia Petrica, Romulus Timar, Liliana Tuta, Livia Duma, Adriana Tutescu, Svetlana Ivanova, Ashot Essaian, Konstantin Zrazhevskiy, Natalia Tomilina, Elena Smolyarchuk, Anatoly Kuzin, Olga Lantseva, Irina Karpova, Minara Shamkhalova, Natalia Liberanskaya, Andrey Yavdosyuk, Yuri Shvarts, Tatiana Bardymova, Olga Blagoveshchenskaya, Oleg Solovev, Elena Rechkova, Natalia Pikalova, Maria Pavlova, Elena Kolmakova, Rustam Sayfutdinov, Svetlana Villevalde, Natalya Koziolova, Vladimir Martynenko, Vyacheslav Marasaev, Adelya Maksudova, Olga Sigitova, Viktor Mordovin, Vadim Klimontov, Yulia Samoylova, Tatiana Karonova, Lee Ying Yeoh, Boon Wee Teo, Marjorie Wai Yin Foo, Adrian Liew, Ivan Tkac, Aniko Oroszova, Jozef Fekete, Jaroslav Rosenberger, Ida Obetkova, Alla Fulopova, Eva Kolesarova, Katarina Raslova, Peter Smolko, Adrian Oksa, Larry Distiller, Julien Trokis, Luthando Adams, Hemant Makan, Padaruth Ramlachan, Essack Mitha, Kathleen Coetzee, Zelda Punt, Qasim Bhorat, Puvenesvari Naiker, Graham Ellis, Louis Van Zyl, Kwan Woo Lee, Min Seon Kim, Soon-Jib Yoo, Kun Ho Yoon, Yong-Wook Cho, Tae-Sun Park, Sang Yong Kim, Moon-Gi Choi, Tae Keun Oh, Kang-Wook Lee, Ho Sang Shon, Sung Hwan Suh, Byung-Joon Kim, Kim Doo-Man, Joo Hark Yi, Sang Ah Lee, Ho Chan Cho, Sin-Gon Kim, Dae-Ryong Cha, Ji A Seo, Kyung Mook Choi, Jeong-Taek Woo, Kyu Jeung Ahn, Jae Hyuk Lee, In-Joo Kim, Moon-Kyu Lee, Hak Chul Jang, Kyong-Soo Park, Beom Seok Kim, Ji Oh Mok, Mijung Shin, Sun Ae Yoon, Il-Seong Nam-Goong, Choon Hee Chung, Tae Yang Yu, Hyoung Woo Lee, Alfonso Soto Gonzalez, Jaume Almirall, Jesus Egido, Francesca Calero Gonzalez, Gema Fernandez Fresnedo, Ildefonso Valera Cortes, Manuel Praga Terente, Isabel Garcia Mendez, Juan Navarro Gonzalez, Jose Herrero Calvo, Secundino Cigarran Guldris, Mario Prieto Velasco, Jose Ignacio Minguela Pesquera, Antonio Galan, Julio Pascual, Maria Marques Vidas, Judith Martins Munoz, Jose Rodriguez-Perez, Cristina Castro-Alonso, Josep Bonet Sol, Daniel Seron, Elvira Fernandez Giraldez, Javier Arrieta Lezama, Nuria Montero, Julio Hernandez-Jaras, Rafael Santamaria Olmo, Jose Ramon Molas Coten, Olof Hellberg, Bengt Fellstrom, Andreas Bock, Dee Pei, Ching-Ling Lin, Kai-Jen Tien, Ching-Chu Chen, Chien-Ning Huang, Ju-Ying Jiang, Du-An Wu, Chih-Hsun Chu, Shih-Ting Tseng, Jung-Fu Chen, Cho-Tsan Bau, Wayne Sheu, Mai-Szu Wu, Ramazan Sari, Siren Sezer, Alaattin Yildiz, Ilhan Satman, Betul Kalender, Borys Mankovskyy, Ivan Fushtey, Mykola Stanislavchuk, Mykola Kolenyk, Iryna Dudar, Viktoriia Zolotaikina, Orest Abrahamovych, Tetyana Kostynenko, Olena Petrosyan, Petro Kuskalo, Olga Galushchak, Oleg Legun, Ivan Topchii, Liliya Martynyuk, Vasyl Stryzhak, Svitlana Panina, Sergii Tkach, Vadym Korpachev, Peter Maxwell, Luigi Gnudi, Sui Phin Kon, Hilary Tindall, Phillip Kalra, Patrick Mark, Dipesh Patel, Mohamed El-Shahawy, Liqun Bai, Romanita Nica, Yeong-Hau Lien, Judson Menefee, Robert Busch, Alan Miller, Azazuddin Ahmed, Ahmed Arif, Joseph Lee, Sachin Desai, Shweta Bansal, Marie Bentsianov, Mario Belledonne, Charles Jere, Raul Gaona, Gregory Greenwood, Osvaldo Brusco, Mark Boiskin, Diogo Belo, Raffi Minasian, Naveen Atray, Mary Lawrence, John Taliercio, Pablo Pergola, David Scott, German Alvarez, Bradley Marder, Thomas Powell, Wa'el Bakdash, George Stoica, Christopher McFadden, Marc Rendell, Jonathan Wise, Audrey Jones, Michael Jardula, Ivy-Joan Madu, Freemu Varghese, Brian Tulloch, Ziauddin Ahmed, Melanie Hames, Imran Nazeer, Newman Shahid, Rekha John, Manuel Montero, David Fitz-Patrick, Lawrence Phillips, Antonio Guasch, Elena Christofides, Aijaz Gundroo, Mohammad Amin, Cynthia Bowman-Stroud, Michael Link, Laura Mulloy, Michael Nammour, Tarik 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Subjects: Male, endothelin, albuminuria, nephropathy, inhibition, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Placebo-controlled study, Administration, Oral, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Settore MED/13 - Endocrinologia, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, ENDOTHELIN, 80 and over, Diabetic Nephropathies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Aged, 80 and over, Diabetic Nephropathies/blood, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Atrasentan/administration & dosage, Editorial Commentary, Treatment Outcome, Nephrology, Creatinine, Administration, young adult, Female, medicine.symptom, Glomerular filtration rate, Type 2, Endothelin A Receptor Antagonists/administration & dosage, medicine.drug, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Human, Oral, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, ALBUMINURIA, Endothelin A Receptor Antagonists, NEPHROPATHY, Urology, INHIBITION, Renal function, Serum Albumin, Human, Placebo, Nephropathy, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Double-Blind Method, Atresentan, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, medicine, Diabetes Mellitus, Aged, Atrasentan, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Serum Albumin, business.industry, Creatinine/blood, medicine.disease, Serum Albumin, Human/urine, n/a OA procedure, chemistry, Albuminuria, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/blood, business, aged, 80 and over, Kidney disease
Abstract: Background Short-term treatment for people with type 2 diabetes using a low dose of the selective endothelin A receptor antagonist atrasentan reduces albuminuria without causing significant sodium retention. We report the long-term effects of treatment with atrasentan on major renal outcomes.Methods We did this double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial at 689 sites in 41 countries. We enrolled adults aged 18-85 years with type 2 diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 25-75 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) of body surface area, and a urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) of 300-5000 mg/g who had received maximum labelled or tolerated renin-angiotensin system inhibition for at least 4 weeks. Participants were given atrasentan 0.75 mg orally daily during an enrichment period before random group assignment. Those with a UACR decrease of at least 30% with no substantial fluid retention during the enrichment period (responders) were included in the double-blind treatment period. Responders were randomly assigned to receive either atrasentan 0.75 mg orally daily or placebo. All patients and investigators were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was a composite of doubling of serum creatinine (sustained for >= 30 days) or end-stage kidney disease (eGFR = 90 days, chronic dialysis for >= 90 days, kidney transplantation, or death from kidney failure) in the intention-to-treat population of all responders. Safety was assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of their assigned study treatment. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials. gov, number NCT01858532.Findings Between May 17, 2013, and July 13, 2017, 11 087 patients were screened; 5117 entered the enrichment period, and 4711 completed the enrichment period. Of these, 2648 patients were responders and were randomly assigned to the atrasentan group (n=1325) or placebo group (n=1323). Median follow-up was 2.2 years (IQR 1.4-2.9). 79 (6.0%) of 1325 patients in the atrasentan group and 105 (7.9%) of 1323 in the placebo group had a primary composite renal endpoint event (hazard ratio [HR] 0.65 [95% CI 0.49-0.88]; p=0.0047). Fluid retention and anaemia adverse events, which have been previously attributed to endothelin receptor antagonists, were more frequent in the atrasentan group than in the placebo group. Hospital admission for heart failure occurred in 47 (3.5%) of 1325 patients in the atrasentan group and 34 (2.6%) of 1323 patients in the placebo group (HR 1.33 [95% CI 0.85-2.07]; p=0.208). 58 (4.4%) patients in the atrasentan group and 52 (3.9%) in the placebo group died (HR 1.09 [95% CI 0.75-1.59]; p=0.65).Interpretation Atrasentan reduced the risk of renal events in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease who were selected to optimise efficacy and safety. These data support a potential role for selective endothelin receptor antagonists in protecting renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk of developing end-stage kidney disease. Copyright (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2019
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40. Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial

Author: Adrian F Hernandez, Jennifer B Green, Salim Janmohamed, Ralph B D'Agostino, Christopher B Granger, Nigel P Jones, Lawrence A Leiter, Anne E Rosenberg, Kristina N Sigmon, Matthew C Somerville, Karl M Thorpe, John J V McMurray, Stefano Del Prato, John J.V. McMurray, Ralph B. D'Agostino, Christopher B. Granger, Adrian F. Hernandez, Lawrence A. Leiter, Robert M Califf, Rury Holman, David DeMets, Matthew Riddle, Shaun Goodman, Darren McGuire, Karen Alexander, Adam Devore, Chiara Melloni, Chetan Patel, David Kong, Gerald Bloomfield, Matthew Roe, Pierluigi Tricoci, Rob Harrison, Renato Lopes, Robin Mathews, Rajendra Mehta, William Schuyler Jones, Sreekanth Vemulapalli, Thomas Povsic, Zubin Eapen, Keith Dombrowski, Brad Kolls, Dedrick Jordan, Andrew Ambrosy, Stephen Greene, Aditya Mandawat, Jay Shavadia, Lauren Cooper, Abhinav Sharma, Patricia Guimaraes, Daniel Friedman, Matt Wilson, Patricia Endsley, Tracy Gentry, Jeannie Collier, Kathleen Perez, Kourtnei James, Jennifer Roush, Connie Pope, Christina Howell, Megan Johnson, Matt Bailey, Joanna Cole, Teresa Akers, Beth Vandyne, Betsy Thomas, Jenny Rich, Susan Bartone, Gail Beaulieu, Kim Brown, Tuan Chau, Tamra Christian, Rebecca Coker, Deb Greene, Trevorlyn Haddock, Wendy Jenkins, Ghazala Haque, Marsha Marquess, Jean Pesarchick, Renee Rethaford, Allegra Stone, Firas Al Kawas, Michelle Anderson, Robert Enns, Isaac Sinay, Chantal Mathieu, Victor Yordanov, Irene Hramiak, Martin Haluzik, Søren Galatius, Bruno Guerci, Michael Nauck, Ilias Migdalis, Choon Beng Kathryn Tan, Gyozo Kocsis, Andrea Giaccari, Moon Kyu Lee, Ernesto German Cardona Muñoz, Jan Cornel, Kare Birkeland, Miguel Pinto, Louie Tirador, Martyna Olesinska-Mader, Marina Shestakova, Larry Distiller, Jose Lopez-Sendon, Bjorn Eliasson, Chern-En Chiang, Suphot Srimahachota, Boris Mankovsky, M Angelyn Bethel, Kathleen Dungan, Mikhail Kosiborod, Andres Alvarisqueta, Jorge Baldovino, Diego Besada, Pedro Calella, Maria Cecilia Cantero, Patricia Castaño, Alejandro Chertkoff, Jesus Cuadrado, Luis De Loredo, Andrea Dominguez, Maria Vanesa Español, Hernan Finkelstein, Gustavo Frechtel, Jose Fretes, Natalia Garrido Santos, Joaquin Gonzalez, Marcos Litvak, Juan Loureyro, Laura Maffei, Natacha Maldonado, Diego Mohr Gasparini, Silvia Orio, Federico Perez Manghi, Nelson Rodriguez Papini, Jorgelina Sala, Pablo Schygiel, Georgina Sposetti, Maria Ulla, Fernando Verra, Silvina Zabalua, Cesar Zaidman, Laurent Crenier, Corinne Debroye, Francis Duyck, André Scheen, Luc Van Gaal, Chris Vercammen, Velichka Damyanova, Stefan Dimitrov, Snezhina Kovacheva, Lachezar Lozanov, Viktor Margaritov, Rositsa Mihaylova-Shumkova, Antoaneta Nikolaeva, Zhasmina Stoyanova, Ronald Akhras, Yves Beaudry, Jacques Bedard, Joseph Berlingieri, Raja Chehayeb, Stephen Cheung, James Conway, Jean Cusson, Anthony Della Siega, Richard Dumas, Peter Dzongowski, Murdo Ferguson, Daniel Gaudet, Francois Grondin, Anil Gupta, Milan Gupta, Frank Halperin, Pierre-Alain Houle, Michael Jones, Simon Kouz, Christopher Kovacs, Daniel Landry, Eva Lonn, William O'Mahony, Sean Peterson, Dennis Reich, Alan Rosenbloom, Francois St-Maurice, Barna Tugwell, Saul Vizel, Vincent Woo, Tomas Brychta, Vladimir Cech, Eva Dvorakova, Tomas Edelsberger, Katarina Halciakova, Jarmila Krizova, Jiri Lastuvka, Martin Piperek, Vera Prymkova, Lea Raclavska, Elena Silhova, Robin Urbanek, Jan Vrkoc, Ulla Andersen, Jens Brønnum-Schou, Jens Hove, Jan Skov Jensen, Lars Kober, Ole Peter Kristiansen, Per Lund, Thomas Melchior, Ole Nyvad, Morten Schou, Alain Boye, Didier Cadinot, Didier Gouet, Patrick Henry, Laurence Kessler, Jean-Daniel Lalau, Catherine Petit, Jean-Francois Thuan, Christel Voinot, Julien Vouillarmet, Christoph Axthelm, Dirk Berger, Tasso Bieler, Andreas Birkenfeld, Jochen Bott, Klaus Busch, Karel Caca, Julia Chevts, Torsten Donaubauer, Rudolf Erlinger, Klaus Funke, Josef Grosskopf, Andreas Hagenow, Monika Hamann, Manfred Hartard, Peter Heymer, Wolfgang Huppertz, Gabriele Illies, Stephan Jacob, Thomas Jung, Gerd Kahrmann, Petra Kast, Monika Kellerer, Hans-Peter Kempe, Andrei Khariouzov, Gerhard Klausmann, Christiane Klein, Uwe Kleinecke-Pohl, Klaus Kleinertz, Thorsten Koch, Christine Kosch, Babette Lorra, Joerg Luedemann, Matthias Luttermann, Stephan Maxeiner, Karsten Milek, Andrea Moelle, Gerhard Neumann, Ruth Nischik, Edith Oehrig-Pohl, Georg Plassmann, Lars Pohlmeier, Felix Proepper, Stefan Regner, Werner Rieker, Ludger Rose, Holger Samer, Joachim Sauter, Frank Schaper, Clemens Schiffer, Juergen Schmidt, Bernd-M. Scholz, Joerg Schulze, Alexander Segner, Jochen Seufert, Helena Sigal, Joerg Steindorf, Juergen Stockhausen, Petra Stuebler, Heidrun Taeschner, Dietrich Tews, Diethelm Tschoepe, Karl Wilhelm, Helga Zeller-Stefan, Iakovos Avramidis, Stavros Bousboulas, Magdalini Bristianou, Georgios Dimitriadis, Moses Elisaf, Kalliopi Kotsa, Andreas Melidonis, Asimina Mitrakou, Emmanouil Pagkalos, Nikolaos Papanas, Angelos Pappas, Christos Sampanis, Nikolaos Tentolouris, Apostolos Tsapas, Glykeria Tzatzagou, Risa Ozaki, Csaba Hajdú, Eleonóra Harcsa, Laszlo Konyves, János Mucsi, Zsolt Pauker, Gizella Petró, Zsolt Plés, Katalin Revesz, Vangel Sándor, Viktor Vass, Angelo Avogaro, Massimo Boemi, Riccardo Bonadonna, Agostino Consoli, Salvatore De Cosmo, Paolo Di Bartolo, Francesco Dotta, Simona Frontoni, Marianna Galetta, Alessandra Gambineri, Carmine Gazzaruso, Francesco Giorgino, Davide Lauro, Emanuela Orsi, Giuseppe Paolisso, Gabriele Perriello, Piermarco Piatti, Antonio Pontiroli, Paola Ponzani, Angela Albarosa Rivellese, Giorgio Sesti, Giancarlo Tonolo, Roberto Trevisan, Chul Woo Ahn, Sei-Hyun Baik, Bong-Soo Cha, Choon-Hee Chung, Hak Chul Jang, Chong-Jin Kim, Hye Soon Kim, In Joo Kim, Eun Young Lee, Hyoung Woo Lee, Kwan-Woo Lee, Keon-Woong Moon, June Namgung, Kyong Soo Park, Soon Jib Yoo, Jaemyung Yu, Edmundo-Alfredo Bayram Llamas, Jose-Luis Cervantes-Escárcega, Luis Fernando Flota-Cervera, José Gerardo González-González, Sara Pascoe-Gonzalez, Emilia Susana Pelayo-Orozco, Santiago-Paulino Ramirez-Diaz, Arturo Saldana-Mendoza, Carlos Sánchez Jerjes-Díaz, Jose Juan Torres-Colores, Maricela Vidrio-Velázquez, Juan Villagordoa-Mesa, Hugo Peter Beijerbacht, Reginald G.E.J. Groutars, Boudewijn A Hoek, Pieter A.M. Hoogslag, Adriaan Kooy, Johannes A. Kragten, Aloysius G. Lieverse, Hendrik P. Swart, Eric P. Viergever, Jørn Ahlqvist, John Cooper, Hanne Gulseth, Gaute Guttormsen, Cecilie Wium, Hugo Arbañil, Jorge Calderon, Luis Camacho, Augusto Dextre Espinoza, Elizabeth Garrido, Alejandro Luna, Helard Manrique, Frederick Massucco Revoredo, Rolando Vargas Gonzales, Luis Zapata Rincon, Carlos Zubiate, Geraldine Ebo, Ellen Morales-Palomares, Malgorzata Arciszewska, Marek Banach, Renata Bijata-Bronisz, Tadeusz Derezinski, Waldemar Gadzinski, Jacek Gajek, Katarzyna Klodawska, Ewa Krzyzagorska, Andrzej Madej, Pawel Miekus, Jaroslaw Opiela, Piotr Romanczuk, Anna Siegel, Ewa Skokowska, Andrzej Stankiewicz, Teresa Stasinska, Iwona Trznadel-Morawska, Robert Witek, Sergey Aksentyev, Irina Bondar, Irina Demidova, Alexander Dreval, Olga Ershova, Gagik Galstyan, Alla Garganeeva, Nadezhda Izmozherova, Victoria Karetnikova, Marina Kharakhulakh, Aleksandr Khokhlov, Zhanna Kobalava, Olga Koshelskaya, Elena Kosmacheva, Vladimir Kostin, Natalia Koziolova, Anatoly Kuzin, Victor Lesnov, Tatyana Lysenko, Valentin Markov, Alexander Mayorov, Sergey Moiseev, Svetlana Myasoedova, Nina Petunina, Andrey Rebrov, Ludmila Ruyatkina, Julia Samoylova, Olga Sazonova, Natalia Shilkina, Nadezhda Sokolova, Olga Vasilevskaya, Nelli Verbovaya, Elena Vishneva, Sergey Vorobyev, Natalya Vorokhobina, Olga Zanozina, Elena Zhdanova, Tatyana Zykova, Lesley Burgess, Kathleen Coetzee, Saleem Dawood, Landman Lombard, Ellen Makotoko, Rajendran Moodley, Wessels Oosthuysen, Mohamed Sarvan, Carlos Calvo Gómez, Isidoro Cano Rodríguez, Almudena Castro Conde, Angel Cequier Fillat, Guillem Cuatrecasas Cambra, Fernando de Álvaro Moreno, Luis De Teresa Parreño, Javier Delgado Lista, José Ramón Domínguez Escribano, Santiago Durán García, Javier Elvira González, José María Fernández Rodríguez, Alberto Goday Arno, Ricardo Gomez Huelgas, José Ramón González Juanatey, Antonio Hernandez Mijares, Víctor Alfonso Jiménez Díaz, Esteban Jodar Gimeno, Tomás Lucas Morante, Monica Marazuela, Nieves Martell Claros, Didac Mauricio Puente, Elena Mena Ribas, Juan Francisco Merino Torres, Pedro Mezquita Raya, Andreu Nubiola Calonge, Xavier Ordoñez Sánchez, Jose Maria Pascual Izuel, Verónica Perea Castilla, Antonio Pérez Pérez, Isabel Perez Soto, Miguel Quesada Charneco, Angustias Quesada Simón, Josep Redón Mas, Antonia Rego Iraeta, Maria Rodriguez Alvarez, Irene Rodríguez Rodríguez, José Sabán Ruiz, Alfonso Soto González, Francisco Tinahones Madueno, Carlos Trescoli Serrano, Angels Ulied Armiñana, Erasmus Bachus, Katarina Berndtsson Blom, Ken Eliasson, Pekka Koskinen, Hans Larnefeldt, Cornelia Lif-Tiberg, Carina Linderfalk, Gustav Lund, Pia Lundman, Linda Moris, Åke Olsson, Staffan Salmonsson, Johan Sanmartin Berglund, Folke Sjöberg, Stefan Söderberg, Ingemar Torstensson, Jung-Fu Chen, Kai Jen Tien, Shih-Ting Tseng, Shih-Te Tu, Chih-Yuan Wang, Ji-Hung Wang, Arintaya Phrommintikul, Sukit Yamwong, Woravut Jintapakorn, Pisit Hutayanon, Nakarin Sansanayudh, Larysa Bazhan, Ivan Fushtey, Mariya Grachova, Vitaliy Katerenchuk, Vadym Korpachev, Nonna Kravchun, Oleksandr Larin, Galyna Mykhalchyshyn, Halyna Myshanych, Olga Oleksyk, Valeriia Orlenko, Nataliia Pashkovska, Nataliia Pertseva, Olena Petrosyan, Ivan Smirnov, Maryna Vlasenko, Tetiana Zlova, Myint Aye, Arun Baksi, Mathangi Balasubramani, Ronnie Beboso, Mark Blagden, Charles Bundy, Tobias Cookson, Allan Copland, Alistair Emslie-Smith, Fiona Green, Anthony Gunstone, Basil Issa, Ewart Jackson-Voyzey, Andrew Johnson, Malcolm Maclean, John McKnight, Solomon Muzulu, Ian O'Connell, Babatunde Oyesile, Catherine Patterson, Ewan Pearson, Sam Philip, Paul Smith, Usha Sukumaran, Jalal Abbas, Gaurav Aggarwala, Faiq Akhter, James Andersen, Moise Anglade, Georges Argoud, Mehrdad Ariani, Reswan Ashdji, Ladan Bakhtari, Subhash Banerjee, Andrew Bartlett, Howard Baum, Harold Bays, Richard Beasley, Renata Belfort de Aguiar, Sabrina Benjamin, Ravi Bhagwat, Anuj Bhargava, Bruce Bode, Christina Bratcher, Toby Briskin, Andrew Brockmyre, Raymond Broughton, Judith Brown, Madhusudan Budhraja, Kevin Cannon, Jewell Carr, Harold Cathcart, Arvind Cavale, Louis Chaykin, Deanna Cheung, Richard Childress, Allan Cohen, Jonathan Condit, Erin Cooksey, George Mitchell Cornett, Ira Dauber, William Davila, Luis De Armas, Julius Dean, Robert Detweiler, Ernesto Diaz, Michael Di Giovanna, Isaac Dor, Waymon Drummond, Donald Eagerton, John Earl, Charles Eaton, Howard Ellison, Neil Farris, Thomas Fiel, Anthony Firek, Brian First, Les Forgosh, William French, Winston Gandy, Ronald Garcia, Santosh Gill, Murray Gordon, Michael Guice, Siva Gummadi, Jonathan Hackenyos, Kristen Hairston, Lenita Hanson, Lindsay Harrison, Israel Hartman, John Heitner, Srini Hejeebu, Paul Hermany, Carlos Hernandez-Cassis, Horacio Hidalgo, Alexander Higgins, Hassan Ibrahim, Shahram Jacobs, David Johnson, Parag Joshi, Steven Kaster, Daniel Kellum, Christopher Kim, Ellen Kim, William Kirby, Albert Knouse, Steven Kulback, Mariananda Kumar, Tulsidas Kuruvanka, Ajay Labroo, William Lasswell, John Lentz, Thomas Lenzmeier, David Lewis, Zhaoping Li, Michael Lillestol, Raymond Little, Richard Lorraine, Cecilia McKeown-Biagas, Robert McNeill, Anand Mehta, Alan Miller, Joseph Moran, Emily Morawski, Venkatesh Nadar, Thomas O'Connor, Alberto Odio, Reginald Parker, Rajesh Patel, Lawrence Phillips, George Raad, Aref Rahman, Marina Raikhel, Ajit Raisinghani, Raj Rajan, Neda Rasouli, Frank Rauzi, Kathryn Rohr, Hal Roseman, Sergio Rovner, Fadi Saba, Richard Sachson, Alex Schabauer, Ricky Schneider, Timothy Schuchard, John Sensenbrenner, Yshay Shlesinger, Narendra Singh, Kanagaratnam Sivalingam, Larry Stonesifer, Daniel Storey, David Suh, Mohammed Tahir, Anjanette Tan, Marilyn Tan, Alain Taylon, Maitreya Thakkar, Devjit Tripathy, Gabriel Uwaifo, Amarnath Vedere, Chandra Venugopal, Anthony Vo, Michelle Welch, James Welker, Alexander White, John Willis, Alan Wynne, Shahram Yazdani, Anne Rosenberg, Lauren Price, Kristina Sigmon, Yuliya Lokhngina, Weibing Xing, Robert Overton, Murray Stewart, Janet Stead, Alistair Lindsay, Vickas Patel, Jorge Ross, Joseph Soffer, Shruti Daga, Margaret Sowell, Prashant Patel, Louisa Garvey, Jessica Ackert, Sybil Abraham, Mary Beth Sabol, Desma Altobelli, JuYoung Ha, Mangesh Kulkarni, Matthew Somerville, Drusilla Noronha, Ed Casson, Eddie Zang, Chamandeep Sandhu, Rakesh Kumar, David Chen, Lin Taft, Rajivkumar Patel, June Ye, Jennifer Shannon, Tim Wilson, Charleen Babi, Diane Miller, Karl Thorpe, Rachael Russell, Georgina Bull, Belinda Hereghty, Eva Fernandez-Salazar, Troy Longley, Jill Donaldson, Marie Jarosz, Karen Murphy, Patricia Adams, Peter Smith, Rachel James, Jackie Richards, Sangeeta Sedani, Denise Althouse, David Watson, Jamie Lorimer, Steven Lauder, Ron Schultheis, Terese Womer, Ella Wraight, Wenyan Li, Emma Price-Olsen, Anthony Watson, Aoife Kelly, Patricia McLaughlin, John Fleming, Jessica Schubert, Debra Schleiden, Tara Harris, Rahul Prakash, Jody Breneman, Sameer Deshpande, Aarti Saswadkar, Aditi Kumari, Aditi Shitut, Amruta Raorane, Anisha Karmalkar, Ankita Mhambrey, Archana Bhosale, Ashok Vaphare, Ashwini P Patil, Chaitali Khandelwal, Fayaz Shaik, Madhumitha Nadar, Mounika Karka, Neha Kadgaonkar, Nikita Gupta, Nutan Aher, Omkar Potnis, Pallavi Naicker, Rakesh Shinde, Richa Sharma, Rupali Godse, Sheetal Solanki, Shruti Sahu, Snehal Dumbre, Somesh Kumar, Suradnya Patil, Trisha Mandal, Hernandez, Adrian F, Green, Jennifer B, Janmohamed, Salim, D'Agostino, Ralph B, Granger, Christopher B, Jones, Nigel P, Leiter, Lawrence A, Rosenberg, Anne E, Sigmon, Kristina N, Somerville, Matthew C, Thorpe, Karl M, Mcmurray, John J V, Del Prato, Stefano, Mcmurray, John J. V., D'Agostino, Ralph B., Granger, Christopher B., Hernandez, Adrian F., Leiter, Lawrence A., Califf, Robert M, Holman, Rury, Demets, David, Riddle, Matthew, Goodman, Shaun, Mcguire, Darren, Alexander, Karen, Devore, Adam, Melloni, Chiara, Patel, Chetan, Kong, David, Bloomfield, Gerald, Roe, Matthew, Tricoci, Pierluigi, Harrison, Rob, Lopes, Renato, Mathews, Robin, Mehta, Rajendra, Schuyler Jones, William, Vemulapalli, Sreekanth, Povsic, Thoma, Eapen, Zubin, Dombrowski, Keith, Kolls, Brad, Jordan, Dedrick, Ambrosy, Andrew, Greene, Stephen, Mandawat, Aditya, Shavadia, Jay, Cooper, Lauren, Sharma, Abhinav, Guimaraes, Patricia, Friedman, Daniel, Wilson, Matt, Endsley, Patricia, Gentry, Tracy, Collier, Jeannie, Perez, Kathleen, James, Kourtnei, Roush, Jennifer, Pope, Connie, Howell, Christina, Johnson, Megan, Bailey, Matt, Cole, Joanna, Akers, Teresa, Vandyne, Beth, Thomas, Betsy, Rich, Jenny, Bartone, Susan, Beaulieu, Gail, Brown, Kim, Chau, Tuan, Christian, Tamra, Coker, Rebecca, Greene, Deb, Haddock, Trevorlyn, Jenkins, Wendy, Haque, Ghazala, Marquess, Marsha, Pesarchick, Jean, Rethaford, Renee, Stone, Allegra, Al Kawas, Fira, Anderson, Michelle, Enns, Robert, Sinay, Isaac, Mathieu, Chantal, Yordanov, Victor, Hramiak, Irene, Haluzik, Martin, Galatius, Søren, Guerci, Bruno, Nauck, Michael, Migdalis, Ilia, Tan, Choon Beng Kathryn, Kocsis, Gyozo, Giaccari, Andrea, Lee, Moon Kyu, Muñoz, Ernesto German Cardona, Cornel, Jan, Birkeland, Kare, Pinto, Miguel, Tirador, Louie, Olesinska-Mader, Martyna, Shestakova, Marina, Distiller, Larry, Lopez-Sendon, Jose, Eliasson, Bjorn, Chiang, Chern-En, Srimahachota, Suphot, Mankovsky, Bori, Bethel, M Angelyn, Dungan, Kathleen, Kosiborod, Mikhail, Alvarisqueta, Andre, Baldovino, Jorge, Besada, Diego, Calella, Pedro, Cantero, Maria Cecilia, Castaño, Patricia, Chertkoff, Alejandro, Cuadrado, Jesu, De Loredo, Lui, Dominguez, Andrea, Español, Maria Vanesa, Finkelstein, Hernan, Frechtel, Gustavo, Fretes, Jose, Garrido Santos, Natalia, Gonzalez, Joaquin, Litvak, Marco, Loureyro, Juan, Maffei, Laura, Maldonado, Natacha, Mohr Gasparini, Diego, Orio, Silvia, Perez Manghi, Federico, Rodriguez Papini, Nelson, Sala, Jorgelina, Schygiel, Pablo, Sposetti, Georgina, Ulla, Maria, Verra, Fernando, Zabalua, Silvina, Zaidman, Cesar, Crenier, Laurent, Debroye, Corinne, Duyck, Franci, Scheen, André, Van Gaal, Luc, Vercammen, Chri, Damyanova, Velichka, Dimitrov, Stefan, Kovacheva, Snezhina, Lozanov, Lachezar, Margaritov, Viktor, Mihaylova-Shumkova, Rositsa, Nikolaeva, Antoaneta, Stoyanova, Zhasmina, Akhras, Ronald, Beaudry, Yve, Bedard, Jacque, Berlingieri, Joseph, Chehayeb, Raja, Cheung, Stephen, Conway, Jame, Cusson, Jean, Della Siega, Anthony, Dumas, Richard, Dzongowski, Peter, Ferguson, Murdo, Gaudet, Daniel, Grondin, Francoi, Gupta, Anil, Gupta, Milan, Halperin, Frank, Houle, Pierre-Alain, Jones, Michael, Kouz, Simon, Kovacs, Christopher, Landry, Daniel, Lonn, Eva, O'Mahony, William, Peterson, Sean, Reich, Denni, Rosenbloom, Alan, St-Maurice, Francoi, Tugwell, Barna, Vizel, Saul, Woo, Vincent, Brychta, Toma, Cech, Vladimir, Dvorakova, Eva, Edelsberger, Toma, Halciakova, Katarina, Krizova, Jarmila, Lastuvka, Jiri, Piperek, Martin, Prymkova, Vera, Raclavska, Lea, Silhova, Elena, Urbanek, Robin, Vrkoc, Jan, Andersen, Ulla, Brønnum-Schou, Jen, Hove, Jen, Jensen, Jan Skov, Kober, Lar, Kristiansen, Ole Peter, Lund, Per, Melchior, Thoma, Nyvad, Ole, Schou, Morten, Boye, Alain, Cadinot, Didier, Gouet, Didier, Henry, Patrick, Kessler, Laurence, Lalau, Jean-Daniel, Petit, Catherine, Thuan, Jean-Francoi, Voinot, Christel, Vouillarmet, Julien, Axthelm, Christoph, Berger, Dirk, Bieler, Tasso, Birkenfeld, Andrea, Bott, Jochen, Busch, Klau, Caca, Karel, Chevts, Julia, Donaubauer, Torsten, Erlinger, Rudolf, Funke, Klau, Grosskopf, Josef, Hagenow, Andrea, Hamann, Monika, Hartard, Manfred, Heymer, Peter, Huppertz, Wolfgang, Illies, Gabriele, Jacob, Stephan, Jung, Thoma, Kahrmann, Gerd, Kast, Petra, Kellerer, Monika, Kempe, Hans-Peter, Khariouzov, Andrei, Klausmann, Gerhard, Klein, Christiane, Kleinecke-Pohl, Uwe, Kleinertz, Klau, Koch, Thorsten, Kosch, Christine, Lorra, Babette, Luedemann, Joerg, Luttermann, Matthia, Maxeiner, Stephan, Milek, Karsten, Moelle, Andrea, Neumann, Gerhard, Nischik, Ruth, Oehrig-Pohl, Edith, Plassmann, Georg, Pohlmeier, Lar, Proepper, Felix, Regner, Stefan, Rieker, Werner, Rose, Ludger, Samer, Holger, Sauter, Joachim, Schaper, Frank, Schiffer, Clemen, Schmidt, Juergen, Scholz, Bernd-M., Schulze, Joerg, Segner, Alexander, Seufert, Jochen, Sigal, Helena, Steindorf, Joerg, Stockhausen, Juergen, Stuebler, Petra, Taeschner, Heidrun, Tews, Dietrich, Tschoepe, Diethelm, Wilhelm, Karl, Zeller-Stefan, Helga, Avramidis, Iakovo, Bousboulas, Stavro, Bristianou, Magdalini, Dimitriadis, Georgio, Elisaf, Mose, Kotsa, Kalliopi, Melidonis, Andrea, Mitrakou, Asimina, Pagkalos, Emmanouil, Papanas, Nikolao, Pappas, Angelo, Sampanis, Christo, Tentolouris, Nikolao, Tsapas, Apostolo, Tzatzagou, Glykeria, Ozaki, Risa, Hajdú, Csaba, Harcsa, Eleonóra, Konyves, Laszlo, Mucsi, Jáno, Pauker, Zsolt, Petró, Gizella, Plés, Zsolt, Revesz, Katalin, Sándor, Vangel, Vass, Viktor, Avogaro, Angelo, Boemi, Massimo, Bonadonna, Riccardo, Consoli, Agostino, De Cosmo, Salvatore, Di Bartolo, Paolo, Dotta, Francesco, Frontoni, Simona, Galetta, Marianna, Gambineri, Alessandra, Gazzaruso, Carmine, Giorgino, Francesco, Lauro, Davide, Orsi, Emanuela, Paolisso, Giuseppe, Perriello, Gabriele, Piatti, Piermarco, Pontiroli, Antonio, Ponzani, Paola, Rivellese, Angela Albarosa, Sesti, Giorgio, Tonolo, Giancarlo, Trevisan, Roberto, Ahn, Chul Woo, Baik, Sei-Hyun, Cha, Bong-Soo, Chung, Choon-Hee, Jang, Hak Chul, Kim, Chong-Jin, Kim, Hye Soon, Kim, In Joo, Lee, Eun Young, Lee, Hyoung Woo, Lee, Kwan-Woo, Moon, Keon-Woong, Namgung, June, Park, Kyong Soo, Yoo, Soon Jib, Yu, Jaemyung, Llamas, Edmundo-Alfredo Bayram, Cervantes-Escárcega, Jose-Lui, Flota-Cervera, Luis Fernando, González-González, José Gerardo, Pascoe-Gonzalez, Sara, Pelayo-Orozco, Emilia Susana, Ramirez-Diaz, Santiago-Paulino, Saldana-Mendoza, Arturo, Jerjes-Díaz, Carlos Sánchez, Torres-Colores, Jose Juan, Vidrio-Velázquez, Maricela, Villagordoa-Mesa, Juan, Beijerbacht, Hugo Peter, Groutars, Reginald G. E. J., Hoek, Boudewijn A, Hoogslag, Pieter A. M., Kooy, Adriaan, Kragten, Johannes A., Lieverse, Aloysius G., Swart, Hendrik P., Viergever, Eric P., Ahlqvist, Jørn, Cooper, John, Gulseth, Hanne, Guttormsen, Gaute, Wium, Cecilie, Arbañil, Hugo, Calderon, Jorge, Camacho, Lui, Espinoza, Augusto Dextre, Garrido, Elizabeth, Luna, Alejandro, Manrique, Helard, Revoredo, Frederick Massucco, Gonzales, Rolando Varga, Rincon, Luis Zapata, Zubiate, Carlo, Ebo, Geraldine, Morales-Palomares, Ellen, Arciszewska, Malgorzata, Banach, Marek, Bijata-Bronisz, Renata, Derezinski, Tadeusz, Gadzinski, Waldemar, Gajek, Jacek, Klodawska, Katarzyna, Krzyzagorska, Ewa, Madej, Andrzej, Miekus, Pawel, Opiela, Jaroslaw, Romanczuk, Piotr, Siegel, Anna, Skokowska, Ewa, Stankiewicz, Andrzej, Stasinska, Teresa, Trznadel-Morawska, Iwona, Witek, Robert, Aksentyev, Sergey, Bondar, Irina, Demidova, Irina, Dreval, Alexander, Ershova, Olga, Galstyan, Gagik, Garganeeva, Alla, Izmozherova, Nadezhda, Karetnikova, Victoria, Kharakhulakh, Marina, Khokhlov, Aleksandr, Kobalava, Zhanna, Koshelskaya, Olga, Kosmacheva, Elena, Kostin, Vladimir, Koziolova, Natalia, Kuzin, Anatoly, Lesnov, Victor, Lysenko, Tatyana, Markov, Valentin, Mayorov, Alexander, Moiseev, Sergey, Myasoedova, Svetlana, Petunina, Nina, Rebrov, Andrey, Ruyatkina, Ludmila, Samoylova, Julia, Sazonova, Olga, Shilkina, Natalia, Sokolova, Nadezhda, Vasilevskaya, Olga, Verbovaya, Nelli, Vishneva, Elena, Vorobyev, Sergey, Vorokhobina, Natalya, Zanozina, Olga, Zhdanova, Elena, Zykova, Tatyana, Burgess, Lesley, Coetzee, Kathleen, Dawood, Saleem, Lombard, Landman, Makotoko, Ellen, Moodley, Rajendran, Oosthuysen, Wessel, Sarvan, Mohamed, Calvo Gómez, Carlo, Cano Rodríguez, Isidoro, Castro Conde, Almudena, Cequier Fillat, Angel, Cuatrecasas Cambra, Guillem, de Álvaro Moreno, Fernando, De Teresa Parreño, Lui, Delgado Lista, Javier, Domínguez Escribano, José Ramón, Durán García, Santiago, Elvira González, Javier, Fernández Rodríguez, José María, Goday Arno, Alberto, Gomez Huelgas, Ricardo, González 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B., Altobelli, D., Ha, J., Kulkarni, M., Noronha, D., Casson, E., Zang, E., Sandhu, C., Kumar, R., Chen, D., Taft, L., Ye, J., Shannon, J., Wilson, T., Babi, C., Miller, D., Russell, R., Bull, G., Hereghty, B., Fernandez-Salazar, E., Longley, T., Donaldson, J., Jarosz, M., Murphy, K., Adams, P., James, R., Richards, J., Sedani, S., Althouse, D., Watson, D., Lorimer, J., Lauder, S., Schultheis, R., Womer, T., Wraight, E., Li, W., Price-Olsen, E., Watson, A., Kelly, A., Mclaughlin, P., Fleming, J., Schubert, J., Schleiden, D., Harris, T., Prakash, R., Breneman, J., Deshpande, S., Saswadkar, A., Kumari, A., Shitut, A., Raorane, A., Karmalkar, A., Mhambrey, A., Bhosale, A., Vaphare, A., Patil, A. P., Khandelwal, C., Shaik, F., Nadar, M., Karka, M., Kadgaonkar, N., Gupta, N., Aher, N., Potnis, O., Naicker, P., Shinde, R., Sharma, R., Godse, R., Solanki, S., Sahu, S., Dumbre, S., Kumar, S., Patil, S., Mandal, T., Skin function and permeability, Dermatology, Hernandez, A, Green, J, Janmohamed, S, D'Agostino, R, Granger, C, Jones, N, Leiter, L, Rosenberg, A, Sigmon, K, Somerville, M, Thorpe, K, Mcmurray, J, Del Prato, S, Califf, R, Holman, R, Demets, D, Riddle, M, Goodman, S, Mcguire, D, Alexander, K, Devore, A, Melloni, C, Patel, C, Kong, D, Bloomfield, G, Roe, M, Tricoci, P, Harrison, R, Lopes, R, Mathews, R, Mehta, R, Schuyler Jones, W, Vemulapalli, S, Povsic, T, Eapen, Z, Dombrowski, K, Kolls, B, Jordan, D, Ambrosy, A, Greene, S, Mandawat, A, Shavadia, J, Cooper, L, Sharma, A, Guimaraes, P, Friedman, D, Wilson, M, Endsley, P, Gentry, T, Collier, J, Perez, K, James, K, Roush, J, Pope, C, Howell, C, Johnson, M, Bailey, M, Cole, J, Akers, T, Vandyne, B, Thomas, B, Rich, J, Bartone, S, Beaulieu, G, Brown, K, Chau, T, Christian, T, Coker, R, Greene, D, Haddock, T, Jenkins, W, Haque, G, Marquess, M, Pesarchick, J, Rethaford, R, Stone, A, Al Kawas, F, Anderson, M, Enns, R, Sinay, I, Mathieu, C, Yordanov, V, Hramiak, I, Haluzik, M, Galatius, S, Guerci, B, Nauck, M, Migdalis, I, Tan, C, Kocsis, G, Giaccari, A, Lee, M, Munoz, E, Cornel, J, Birkeland, K, Pinto, M, Tirador, L, Olesinska-Mader, M, Shestakova, M, Distiller, L, Lopez-Sendon, J, Eliasson, B, Chiang, C, Srimahachota, S, Mankovsky, B, Bethel, M, Dungan, K, Kosiborod, M, Alvarisqueta, A, Baldovino, J, Besada, D, Calella, P, Cantero, M, Castano, P, Chertkoff, A, Cuadrado, J, De Loredo, L, Dominguez, A, Espanol, M, Finkelstein, H, Frechtel, G, Fretes, J, Garrido Santos, N, Gonzalez, J, Litvak, M, Loureyro, J, Maffei, L, Maldonado, N, Mohr Gasparini, D, Orio, S, Perez Manghi, F, Rodriguez Papini, N, Sala, J, Schygiel, P, Sposetti, G, Ulla, M, Verra, F, Zabalua, S, Zaidman, C, Crenier, L, Debroye, C, Duyck, F, Scheen, A, Van Gaal, L, Vercammen, C, Damyanova, V, Dimitrov, S, Kovacheva, S, Lozanov, L, Margaritov, V, Mihaylova-Shumkova, R, Nikolaeva, A, Stoyanova, Z, Akhras, R, Beaudry, Y, Bedard, J, Berlingieri, J, Chehayeb, R, Cheung, S, Conway, J, Cusson, J, Della Siega, A, Dumas, R, Dzongowski, P, Ferguson, M, Gaudet, D, Grondin, F, Gupta, A, Gupta, M, Halperin, F, Houle, P, Jones, M, Kouz, S, Kovacs, C, Landry, D, Lonn, E, O'Mahony, W, Peterson, S, Reich, D, Rosenbloom, A, St-Maurice, F, Tugwell, B, Vizel, S, Woo, V, Brychta, T, Cech, V, Dvorakova, E, Edelsberger, T, Halciakova, K, Krizova, J, Lastuvka, J, Piperek, M, Prymkova, V, Raclavska, L, Silhova, E, Urbanek, R, Vrkoc, J, Andersen, U, Bronnum-Schou, J, Hove, J, Jensen, J, Kober, L, Kristiansen, O, Lund, P, Melchior, T, Nyvad, O, Schou, M, Boye, A, Cadinot, D, Gouet, D, Henry, P, Kessler, L, Lalau, J, Petit, C, Thuan, J, Voinot, C, Vouillarmet, J, Axthelm, C, Berger, D, Bieler, T, Birkenfeld, A, Bott, J, Busch, K, Caca, K, Chevts, J, Donaubauer, T, Erlinger, R, Funke, K, Grosskopf, J, Hagenow, A, Hamann, M, Hartard, M, Heymer, P, Huppertz, W, Illies, G, Jacob, S, Jung, T, Kahrmann, G, Kast, P, Kellerer, M, Kempe, H, Khariouzov, A, Klausmann, G, Klein, C, Kleinecke-Pohl, U, Kleinertz, K, Koch, T, Kosch, C, Lorra, B, Luedemann, J, Luttermann, M, Maxeiner, S, Milek, K, Moelle, A, Neumann, G, Nischik, R, Oehrig-Pohl, E, Plassmann, G, Pohlmeier, L, Proepper, F, Regner, S, Rieker, W, Rose, L, Samer, H, Sauter, J, Schaper, F, Schiffer, C, Schmidt, J, Scholz, B, Schulze, J, Segner, A, Seufert, J, Sigal, H, Steindorf, J, Stockhausen, J, Stuebler, P, Taeschner, H, Tews, D, Tschoepe, D, Wilhelm, K, Zeller-Stefan, H, Avramidis, I, Bousboulas, S, Bristianou, M, Dimitriadis, G, Elisaf, M, Kotsa, K, Melidonis, A, Mitrakou, A, Pagkalos, E, Papanas, N, Pappas, A, Sampanis, C, Tentolouris, N, Tsapas, A, Tzatzagou, G, Ozaki, R, Hajdu, C, Harcsa, E, Konyves, L, Mucsi, J, Pauker, Z, Petro, G, Ples, Z, Revesz, K, Sandor, V, Vass, V, Avogaro, A, Boemi, M, Bonadonna, R, Consoli, A, De Cosmo, S, Di Bartolo, P, Dotta, F, Frontoni, S, Galetta, M, Gambineri, A, Gazzaruso, C, Giorgino, F, Lauro, D, Orsi, E, Paolisso, G, Perriello, G, Piatti, P, Pontiroli, A, Ponzani, P, Rivellese, A, Sesti, G, Tonolo, G, Trevisan, R, Ahn, C, Baik, S, Cha, B, Chung, C, Jang, H, Kim, C, Kim, H, Kim, I, Lee, E, Lee, H, Lee, K, Moon, K, Namgung, J, Park, K, Yoo, S, Yu, J, Llamas, E, Cervantes-Escarcega, J, Flota-Cervera, L, Gonzalez-Gonzalez, J, Pascoe-Gonzalez, S, Pelayo-Orozco, E, Ramirez-Diaz, S, Saldana-Mendoza, A, Jerjes-Diaz, C, Torres-Colores, J, Vidrio-Velazquez, M, Villagordoa-Mesa, J, Beijerbacht, H, Groutars, R, Hoek, B, Hoogslag, P, Kooy, A, Kragten, J, Lieverse, A, Swart, H, Viergever, E, Ahlqvist, J, Cooper, J, Gulseth, H, Guttormsen, G, Wium, C, Arbanil, H, Calderon, J, Camacho, L, Espinoza, A, Garrido, E, Luna, A, Manrique, H, Revoredo, F, Gonzales, R, Rincon, L, Zubiate, C, Ebo, G, Morales-Palomares, E, Arciszewska, M, Banach, M, Bijata-Bronisz, R, Derezinski, T, Gadzinski, W, Gajek, J, Klodawska, K, Krzyzagorska, E, Madej, A, Miekus, P, Opiela, J, Romanczuk, P, Siegel, A, Skokowska, E, Stankiewicz, A, Stasinska, T, Trznadel-Morawska, I, Witek, R, Aksentyev, S, Bondar, I, Demidova, I, Dreval, A, Ershova, O, Galstyan, G, Garganeeva, A, Izmozherova, N, Karetnikova, V, Kharakhulakh, M, Khokhlov, A, Kobalava, Z, Koshelskaya, O, Kosmacheva, E, Kostin, V, Koziolova, N, Kuzin, A, Lesnov, V, Lysenko, T, Markov, V, Mayorov, A, Moiseev, S, Myasoedova, S, Petunina, N, Rebrov, A, Ruyatkina, L, Samoylova, J, Sazonova, O, Shilkina, N, Sokolova, N, Vasilevskaya, O, Verbovaya, N, Vishneva, E, Vorobyev, S, Vorokhobina, N, Zanozina, O, Zhdanova, E, Zykova, T, Burgess, L, Coetzee, K, Dawood, S, Lombard, L, Makotoko, E, Moodley, R, Oosthuysen, W, Sarvan, M, Calvo Gomez, C, Cano Rodriguez, I, Castro Conde, A, Cequier Fillat, A, Cuatrecasas Cambra, G, de Alvaro Moreno, F, De Teresa Parreno, L, Delgado Lista, J, Dominguez Escribano, J, Duran Garcia, S, Elvira Gonzalez, J, Fernandez Rodriguez, J, Goday Arno, A, Gomez Huelgas, R, Gonzalez Juanatey, J, Hernandez Mijares, A, Jimenez Diaz, V, Jodar Gimeno, E, Lucas Morante, T, Marazuela, M, Martell Claros, N, Mauricio Puente, D, Mena Ribas, E, Merino Torres, J, Mezquita Raya, P, Nubiola Calonge, A, Ordonez Sanchez, X, Pascual Izuel, J, Perea Castilla, V, Perez Perez, A, Perez Soto, I, Quesada Charneco, M, Quesada Simon, A, Redon Mas, J, Rego Iraeta, A, Rodriguez Alvarez, M, Rodriguez Rodriguez, I, Saban Ruiz, J, Soto Gonzalez, A, Tinahones Madueno, F, Trescoli Serrano, C, Ulied Arminana, A, Bachus, E, Berndtsson Blom, K, Eliasson, K, Koskinen, P, Larnefeldt, H, Lif-Tiberg, C, Linderfalk, C, Lund, G, Lundman, P, Moris, L, Olsson, A, Salmonsson, S, Sanmartin Berglund, J, Sjoberg, F, Soderberg, S, Torstensson, I, Chen, J, Tien, K, Tseng, S, Tu, S, Wang, C, Wang, J, Phrommintikul, A, Yamwong, S, Jintapakorn, W, Hutayanon, P, Sansanayudh, N, Bazhan, L, Fushtey, I, Grachova, M, Katerenchuk, V, Korpachev, V, Kravchun, N, Larin, O, Mykhalchyshyn, G, Myshanych, H, Oleksyk, O, Orlenko, V, Pashkovska, N, Pertseva, N, Petrosyan, O, Smirnov, I, Vlasenko, M, Zlova, T, Aye, M, Baksi, A, Balasubramani, M, Beboso, R, Blagden, M, Bundy, C, Cookson, T, Copland, A, Emslie-Smith, A, Green, F, Gunstone, A, Issa, B, Jackson-Voyzey, E, Johnson, A, Maclean, M, Mcknight, J, Muzulu, S, O'Connell, I, Oyesile, B, Patterson, C, Pearson, E, Philip, S, Smith, P, Sukumaran, U, Abbas, J, Aggarwala, G, Akhter, F, Andersen, J, Anglade, M, Argoud, G, Ariani, M, Ashdji, R, Bakhtari, L, Banerjee, S, Bartlett, A, Baum, H, Bays, H, Beasley, R, Belfort de Aguiar, R, Benjamin, S, Bhagwat, R, Bhargava, A, Bode, B, Bratcher, C, Briskin, T, Brockmyre, A, Broughton, R, Brown, J, Budhraja, M, Cannon, K, Carr, J, Cathcart, H, Cavale, A, Chaykin, L, Cheung, D, Childress, R, Cohen, A, Condit, J, Cooksey, E, Cornett, G, Dauber, I, Davila, W, De Armas, L, Dean, J, Detweiler, R, Diaz, E, Di Giovanna, M, Dor, I, Drummond, W, Eagerton, D, Earl, J, Eaton, C, Ellison, H, Farris, N, Fiel, T, Firek, A, First, B, Forgosh, L, French, W, Gandy, W, Garcia, R, Gill, S, Gordon, M, Guice, M, Gummadi, S, Hackenyos, J, Hairston, K, Hanson, L, Harrison, L, Hartman, I, Heitner, J, Hejeebu, S, Hermany, P, Hernandez-Cassis, C, Hidalgo, H, Higgins, A, Ibrahim, H, Jacobs, S, Johnson, D, Joshi, P, Kaster, S, Kellum, D, Kim, E, Kirby, W, Knouse, A, Kulback, S, Kumar, M, Kuruvanka, T, Labroo, A, Lasswell, W, Lentz, J, Lenzmeier, T, Lewis, D, Li, Z, Lillestol, M, Little, R, Lorraine, R, McKeown-Biagas, C, Mcneill, R, Mehta, A, Miller, A, Moran, J, Morawski, E, Nadar, V, O'Connor, T, Odio, A, Parker, R, Patel, R, Phillips, L, Raad, G, Rahman, A, Raikhel, M, Raisinghani, A, Rajan, R, Rasouli, N, Rauzi, F, Rohr, K, Roseman, H, Rovner, S, Saba, F, Sachson, R, Schabauer, A, Schneider, R, Schuchard, T, Sensenbrenner, J, Shlesinger, Y, Singh, N, Sivalingam, K, Stonesifer, L, Storey, D, Suh, D, Tahir, M, Tan, A, Tan, M, Taylon, A, Thakkar, M, Tripathy, D, Uwaifo, G, Vedere, A, Venugopal, C, Vo, A, Welch, M, Welker, J, White, A, Willis, J, Wynne, A, Yazdani, S, Price, L, Lokhngina, Y, Xing, W, Overton, R, Stewart, M, Stead, J, Lindsay, A, Patel, V, Ross, J, Soffer, J, Daga, S, Sowell, M, Patel, P, Garvey, L, Ackert, J, Abraham, S, Sabol, M, Altobelli, D, Ha, J, Kulkarni, M, Noronha, D, Casson, E, Zang, E, Sandhu, C, Kumar, R, Chen, D, Taft, L, Ye, J, Shannon, J, Wilson, T, Babi, C, Miller, D, Russell, R, Bull, G, Hereghty, B, Fernandez-Salazar, E, Longley, T, Donaldson, J, Jarosz, M, Murphy, K, Adams, P, James, R, Richards, J, Sedani, S, Althouse, D, Watson, D, Lorimer, J, Lauder, S, Schultheis, R, Womer, T, Wraight, E, Li, W, Price-Olsen, E, Watson, A, Kelly, A, Mclaughlin, P, Fleming, J, Schubert, J, Schleiden, D, Harris, T, Prakash, R, Breneman, J, Deshpande, S, Saswadkar, A, Kumari, A, Shitut, A, Raorane, A, Karmalkar, A, Mhambrey, A, Bhosale, A, Vaphare, A, Patil, A, Khandelwal, C, Shaik, F, Nadar, M, Karka, M, Kadgaonkar, N, Gupta, N, Aher, N, Potnis, O, Naicker, P, Shinde, R, Sharma, R, Godse, R, Solanki, S, Sahu, S, Dumbre, S, Kumar, S, Patil, S, and Mandal, T
Subjects: Male, Placebo-controlled study, Myocardial Infarction, alanine aminotransferase, albiglutide, bilirubin, placebo, antidiabetic agent, glucagon like peptide 1, rGLP-1 protein, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, Cardiovascular Disease, Medicine(all), education.field_of_study, Subcutaneous, Medicine (all), albigutide, Hazard ratio, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Albiglutide, Stroke, Treatment Outcome, Tolerability, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, type 2 diabetes, Type 2, Human, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Injections, Subcutaneous, Population, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Placebo, Injections, Subcutaneou, Drug Administration Schedule, Injections, 03 medical and health sciences, Double-Blind Method, Internal medicine, Diabetes Mellitus, medicine, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, education, Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Hypoglycemic Agent, business.industry, Semaglutide, Settore MED/13 - ENDOCRINOLOGIA, Harmony, business
Abstract: Background: \ud Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists differ in chemical structure, duration of action, and in their effects on clinical outcomes. The cardiovascular effects of once-weekly albiglutide in type 2 diabetes are unknown. We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of albiglutide in preventing cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke.\ud \ud Methods: \ud We did a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 610 sites across 28 countries. We randomly assigned patients aged 40 years and older with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (at a 1:1 ratio) to groups that either received a subcutaneous injection of albiglutide (30–50 mg, based on glycaemic response and tolerability) or of a matched volume of placebo once a week, in addition to their standard care. Investigators used an interactive voice or web response system to obtain treatment assignment, and patients and all study investigators were masked to their treatment allocation. We hypothesised that albiglutide would be non-inferior to placebo for the primary outcome of the first occurrence of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, which was assessed in the intention-to-treat population. If non-inferiority was confirmed by an upper limit of the 95% CI for a hazard ratio of less than 1·30, closed testing for superiority was prespecified. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02465515.\ud \ud Findings: \ud Patients were screened between July 1, 2015, and Nov 24, 2016. 10 793 patients were screened and 9463 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to groups: 4731 patients were assigned to receive albiglutide and 4732 patients to receive placebo. On Nov 8, 2017, it was determined that 611 primary endpoints and a median follow-up of at least 1·5 years had accrued, and participants returned for a final visit and discontinuation from study treatment; the last patient visit was on March 12, 2018. These 9463 patients, the intention-to-treat population, were evaluated for a median duration of 1·6 years and were assessed for the primary outcome. The primary composite outcome occurred in 338 (7%) of 4731 patients at an incidence rate of 4·6 events per 100 person-years in the albiglutide group and in 428 (9%) of 4732 patients at an incidence rate of 5·9 events per 100 person-years in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·78, 95% CI 0·68–0·90), which indicated that albiglutide was superior to placebo (p
Published: 2018

41. Fracture liaison services improve outcomes of patients with osteoporosis-related fractures: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis

Author: Manikanta Dasari, Ding-Cheng Chan, Shih Te Tu, Keh-Sung Tsai, Sonal Singh, Jui Teng Chien, Chih Hsueh Lin, Yin Fan Chang, Jung Fu Chen, and Chih Hsing Wu
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Histology, lcsh:Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, Physiology, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Osteoporosis, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Cochrane Library, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Bone Density, Internal medicine, Secondary Prevention, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Aged, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Absolute risk reduction, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Observational Studies as Topic, Treatment Outcome, Systematic review, Meta-analysis, Physical therapy, Observational study, 030101 anatomy & morphology, lcsh:RC925-935, business, Osteoporotic Fractures
Abstract: Objectives This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the outcomes of patients with osteoporosis-related fractures managed through fracture liaison services (FLS) programs. Methods Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched (January 2000–February 2017 inclusive) using the keywords ‘osteoporosis’, ‘fractures’, ‘liaison’, and ‘service’ to identify randomised controlled trials and observational studies of patients aged ≥50 years with osteoporosis-related fractures in hospital, clinic, community, or home-based settings who were managed using FLS. Risk of bias was assessed at outcome level. Meta-analysis followed a random-effects and fixed-effects model. Outcomes of interest were incidence of bone mineral density (BMD) testing, treatment initiation, adherence, re-fractures, and mortality due to osteoporosis treatment. Results A total of 159 publications were identified for the systematic literature review; 74 controlled studies (16 RCTs; 58 observational studies) were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, 41 of 58 observational studies and 12 of 16 RCTs were considered of high quality. Compared with patients receiving usual care (or those in the control arm), patients receiving care from an FLS program had higher rates of BMD testing (48.0% vs 23.5%) and treatment initiation (38.0% vs 17.2%) and greater adherence (57.0% vs 34.1%). Unweighted average rates of re-fracture were 13.4% among patients in the control arm and 6.4% in the FLS arm. Unweighted average rates of mortality were 15.8% in the control arm and 10.4% in the FLS arm. Meta-analysis revealed significant FLS-associated improvements in all outcomes versus non-FLS controls, with BMD testing increased by 24 percentage points (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.18–0.29), 20 percentage points for treatment rates (95% CI 0.16–0.25), and 22 percentage points for adherence (95% CI 0.13–0.31) and absolute risk of re-fracture reduced by five percentage points (95% CI –0.08 to −0.03) and mortality reduced by three percentage points (95% CI –0.05 to −0.01). Conclusion FLS programs improved outcomes of osteoporosis-related fractures, with significant increases in BMD testing, treatment initiation, and adherence to treatment and reductions in re-fracture incidence and mortality.
Published: 2017

42. Transient elastography as a screening tool for liver fibrosis in a large hemodialysis population

Author: Kuo-Chin Chang, Jin-Bor Chen, Jung-Ting Lin, Jung-Fu Chen, Ben-Chung Cheng, Tsung-Hui Hu, Ming-Chao Tsai, Yi-Hao Yen, Cheng-Kun Wu, Po-Lin Tseng, and Ming-Tsung Lin
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Liver Cirrhosis, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Population, Taiwan, Gastroenterology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Fibrosis, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Renal Dialysis, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Prevalence, Medicine, Humans, Mass Screening, education, Aged, Metabolic Syndrome, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, Fatty liver, Hepatitis B, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Liver, Elasticity Imaging Techniques, Kidney Failure, Chronic, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Female, Hemodialysis, Steatosis, Metabolic syndrome, business, Transient elastography
Abstract: Metabolic syndrome, an etiological factor in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is often present in hemodialysis patients. Little is known about the prevalence of, and factors associated with, liver fibrosis in hemodialysis populations. We used transient elastography (TE) to investigate these phenomena. 659 patients treated with chronic hemodialysis were enrolled. We excluded those with excess alcohol intake, liver stiffness measurement (LSM) failure, or unreliable LSM values. LSM ≥8.0 kPa was used as a cutoff suggesting clinically relevant fibrosis. Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) ≥ 232.5 dB/m was used as a cutoff suggesting steatosis. 333 patients (50.5%) had steatosis, 159 (24.1%) had hepatitis B or C, and 149 (22.6%) had LSM ≥8.0 kPa. In multivariable analyses, male gender (OR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.29–3.63; P = 0.004), overweight body habitus (OR:2.31; 95% CI: 1.35–3.94; P = 0.002), high AST level (OR:1.08; 95% CI: 1.04–1.12; P
Published: 2017
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43. Incidence and prevalence rates of diabetes mellitus in Taiwan: Analysis of the 2000–2009 Nationwide Health Insurance database

Author: Lee-Ming Chuang, Yi-Der Jiang, Jung-Fu Chen, Tong-Yuan Tai, and Chia-Hsuin Chang
Subjects: Gerontology, Adult, Male, Catastrophic illness, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Databases, Factual, National Health Programs, Population, prevalence, Prevalence, Taiwan, Young Adult, Diabetes mellitus, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, education, Child, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Medicine(all), Aged, 80 and over, Type 1 diabetes, education.field_of_study, lcsh:R5-920, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Infant, Newborn, Infant, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Survival Rate, Child, Preschool, diabetes mellitus, incidence, Female, Diagnosis code, business, lcsh:Medicine (General), Taiwan National Health Insurance, Demography
Abstract: Background/Purpose Formerly, Taiwan's diabetic population has been estimated by surveys conducted at irregular intervals and using different sampling methods. To obtain nationwide data on the incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Taiwan, we performed an analysis of the 2000–2009 claim data from the National Health Insurance (NHI) database. Methods One-third of the claims in the NHI database from 2000 to 2009 were randomly sampled. DM was defined by three or more outpatient visits with diagnostic codes (ICD-9-CM: 250 or A code: A181) within 1 year or by one inpatient discharge diagnosis of DM. Confirmation of type 1 diabetes mellitus was based on the issue of a catastrophic illness certificate with the same diagnostic codes. Age and/or gender distribution for DM were determined. Results In accordance with the global trend for DM, with a near constant standardized incidence rate, there was a more than 70% increase in the total diabetic population, or a 35% increase in the standardized prevalence rate, in Taiwan from 2000 to 2009. The incidence of diabetes was higher in men, especially in the 20–59-year-old age group, and the total number of men with diabetes exceeded the number of women with diabetes in 2005. However, the prevalence and incidence rates in women over the age of 60 years were higher than those in men. Type 1 DM was present in less than 1% of the diabetic population in Taiwan. Conclusion The incidence of diabetes, including type 1, remained stable over this 10-year period in Taiwan. However, the incidence rate in men aged 20–59 years was higher than that in age-matched women. With our nationwide database, subgroup analysis of DM incidence can be performed to refine our health policies for the prevention, screening, and treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Published: 2012

44. Subnormal Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Strongly Predict Incident Cardiovascular Events in Type 2 Diabetic Chinese Population With Normoalbuminuria

Author: Shih-Li Su, Hung-Chun Chen, Yi-Ting Hsieh, Jeng-Fu Kuo, Jung-Fu Chen, and Ming-Chia Hsieh
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, 030232 urology & nephrology, Taiwan, Renal function, Observational Study, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Albuminuria, Humans, In patient, 030212 general & internal medicine, Myocardial infarction, Longitudinal Studies, Risk factor, Stroke, Chinese population, Proportional hazards model, business.industry, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Cardiovascular Diseases, Creatinine, Cardiology, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Female, business, Research Article, Glomerular Filtration Rate
Abstract: Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text, No study has evaluated whether subnormal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (between 61 and 90 mL/min) and high normal albumin–creatinine ratio (ACR) (
Published: 2016

45. Assessment of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Alterations of Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects Treated with Amlodipine/Benazepril or Valsartan/Hydrochlorothiazide

Author: Yi-Jen Hung, I-Te Lee, Jung-Fu Chen, Chih-Yuan Wang, Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu, and Wen-Jane Lee
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Article Subject, Amlodipine/benazepril, Clinical Biochemistry, Benazepril, Diabetic nephropathy, Hydrochlorothiazide, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Diabetic Nephropathies, Amlodipine, Molecular Biology, Antihypertensive Agents, Aged, lcsh:R5-920, business.industry, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Biochemistry (medical), General Medicine, Benzazepines, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Endocrinology, Valsartan, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide, Female, business, lcsh:Medicine (General), medicine.drug, Research Article, Glomerular Filtration Rate
Abstract: Background. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is associated with sympathetic activation. However, the effects of BDNF on diabetic nephropathy are unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) and changes in serum BDNF levels in type 2 diabetic subjects treated with antihypertensive medications.Methods. In this randomized, double-blind clinical trial, type 2 diabetic subjects with hypertension were assigned to either the benazepril/amlodipine or valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide treatment groups for a 16-week period. The post hoc analyses were based on increased or decreased serum BDNF levels.Results. Of the 153 enrolled subjects, the changes in eGFR were significantly and inversely correlated with those in BDNF in the 76 subjects treated with valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide (r=-0.264,P=0.021) but not in the 77 subjects treated with benazepril/amlodipine (r=-0.025,P=0.862). The 45 subjects with increased BDNF following valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide treatment exhibited a significantly reduced eGFR (-8.8±14.9 mL/min/1.73 m2;P<0.001). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that increased serum BDNF represents an independent factor for reduced eGFR (95% confidence interval between −0.887 and −0.076,P=0.020).Conclusions. Increased serum BDNF is associated with reduced eGFR in type 2 diabetic subjects treated with valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide but not with amlodipine/benazepril.
Published: 2015

46. Consensus of official position of IOF/ISCD FRAX initiatives in Asia-Pacific Region

Author: Akira Itabashi, Keh-Sung Tsai, Rong-Sen Yang, Richard L. Prince, John A. Kanis, Wei Yu, Ding-Cheng Chan, S. Bobo Tanner, Sheng Pin Changlai, Zih Jie Sun, Siok Bee Chionh, Chan Soo Shin, Chih Hsing Wu, Didier Hans, Eugene V. McCloskey, Yin Fan Chang, Tirtarahardja Gunawan, Poon Ung Chieng, Joon Kiong Lee, Jung Fu Chen, Julie Li-Yu, and Yanling Zhao
Subjects: Fracture risk, Gerontology, medicine.medical_specialty, FRAX, Asia, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Population, Oceania, education, Asia pacific region, Risk Assessment, Absorptiometry, Photon, Asian People, Bone Density, Risk Factors, Medicine, Health Status Indicators, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, education.field_of_study, business.industry, osteoporosis, fracture, Family medicine, Position (finance), Professional association, clinical risk factor, business, bone mineral density, Clinical risk factor, Algorithms, Osteoporotic Fractures
Abstract: The fracture risk assessment tool ( FRAX® ) has been developed for the identification of individuals with high risk of fracture in whom treatment to prevent fractures would be appropriate. FRAX models are not yet available for all countries or ethnicities, but surrogate models can be used within regions with similar fracture risk. The International Society for Clinical Densitometry ( ISCD ) and International Osteoporosis Foundation ( IOF ) are nonprofit multidisciplinary international professional organizations. Their visions are to advance the awareness, education, prevention, and treatment of osteoporosis. In November 2010, the IOF/ISCD FRAX initiative was held in Bucharest, bringing together international experts to review and create evidence-based official positions guiding clinicians for the practical use of FRAX. A consensus meeting of the Asia-Pacific ( AP ) Panel of the ISCD recently reviewed the most current Official Positions of the Joint Official Positions of ISCD and IOF on FRAX in view of the different population characteristics and health standards in the AP regions. The reviewed position statements included not only the key spectrum of positions but also unique concerns in AP regions.
Published: 2014

47. Erosive esophagitis associated with metabolic syndrome, impaired liver function, and dyslipidemia

Author: Song-Seng Loke, Jung-Fu Chen, Kuender D Yang, and Kuang-Den Chen
Subjects: Blood Glucose, Male, Blood Pressure, Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal, Body Mass Index, Liver Function Tests, Risk Factors, Odds Ratio, Prevalence, Esophagitis, Metabolic Syndrome, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Liver Diseases, Gastroenterology, Alanine Transaminase, General Medicine, Middle Aged, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Female, Waist Circumference, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Brief Article, Taiwan, Predictive Value of Tests, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Aspartate Aminotransferases, Triglycerides, Dyslipidemias, Chi-Square Distribution, business.industry, Cholesterol, HDL, Case-control study, Odds ratio, Cholesterol, LDL, medicine.disease, Endocrinology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Logistic Models, Alanine transaminase, Case-Control Studies, Multivariate Analysis, biology.protein, Metabolic syndrome, business, Liver function tests, Body mass index, Dyslipidemia, Biomarkers
Abstract: To investigate whether erosive esophagitis is correlated with metabolic syndrome and its components, abnormal liver function, and lipoprotein profiles.We conducted a cross-sectional, case control study of subjects who underwent upper endoscopy during a health examination at the Health Management and Evaluation Center of a tertiary medical care facility located in Southern Taiwan. Metabolic syndrome components, body mass index (BMI), liver function, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular risk factors, as defined by the ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and the ratio of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to HDL-C were compared between individuals with and without erosive esophagitis. Risk factors for erosive esophagitis were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression.Erosive esophagitis was diagnosed in 507 of 5015 subjects who were individually age and sex matched to 507 esophagitis-free control subjects. In patients with erosive esophagitis, BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride levels, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-C, and the ratio of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to HDL-C were significantly higher and HDL-C was significantly lower compared to patients without erosive esophagitis (all P0.05). In a multivariate analysis, central obesity (OR = 1.38; 95%CI: 1.0-1.86), hypertension (OR = 1.35; 95%CI: 1.04-1.76), hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 1.34; 95%CI: 1.02-1.76), cardiovascular risk factors as defined by a ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-C5 (OR = 1.45; 95%CI: 1.06-1.97), and aspartate aminotransferase (OR = 1.59; 95%CI: 1.08-2.34) were significantly associated with erosive esophagitis.Metabolic syndrome, impaired liver function, and a higher ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-C were associated with erosive esophagitis.
Published: 2013

48. Challenges and unmet needs in basal insulin therapy: lessons from the Asian experience.

Author: Wing Bun Chan, Jung Fu Chen, Su-Yen Goh, Thi Thanh Huyen Vu, Isip-Tan, Iris Thiele, Mudjanarko, Sony Wibisono, Bajpai, Shailendra, Mabunay, Maria Aileen, and Bunnag, Pongamorn
Subjects: INSULIN therapy, GLYCEMIC control, ASIANS, TYPE 2 diabetes treatment, HYPOGLYCEMIA, DISEASES, DISEASE risk factors
Abstract: Basal insulin therapy can improve glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes. However, timely initiation, optimal titration, and proper adherence to prescribed basal insulin regimens are necessary to achieve optimal glycemic control. Even so, glycemic control may remain suboptimal in a significant proportion of patients. Unique circumstances in Asia (eg, limited resources, management of diabetes primarily in nonspecialist settings, and patient populations that are predominantly less educated) coupled with the limitations of current basal insulin options (eg, risk of hypoglycemia and dosing time inflexibility) amplify the challenge of optimal basal insulin therapy in Asia. Significant progress has been made with long-acting insulin analogs (insulin glargine 100 units/mL and insulin detemir), which provide longer coverage and less risk of hypoglycemia over intermediate-acting insulin (Neutral Protamine Hagedorn insulin). Furthermore, recent clinical evidence suggests that newer long-acting insulin analogs, new insulin glargine 300 units/mL and insulin degludec, may address some of the unmet needs of current basal insulin options in terms of risk of hypoglycemia and dosing time inflexibility. Nevertheless, more can be done to overcome barriers to basal insulin therapy in Asia, through educating both patients and physicians, developing better patient support models, and improving accessibility to long-acting insulin analogs. In this study, we highlight the unique challenges associated with basal insulin therapy in Asia and, where possible, propose strategies to address the unmet needs by drawing on clinical experiences and perspectives in Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2017
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49. Subnormal Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Strongly Predict Incident Cardiovascular Events in Type 2 Diabetic Chinese Population With Normoalbuminuria.

Author: Yi-Ting Hsieh, Jeng-Fu Kuo, Shih-Li Su, Jung-Fu Chen, Hung-Chun Chen, Ming-Chia Hsieh, Hsieh, Yi-Ting, Kuo, Jeng-Fu, Su, Shih-Li, Chen, Jung-Fu, Chen, Hung-Chun, and Hsieh, Ming-Chia
Published: 2016
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50. Vitamin D status in non-supplemented postmenopausal Taiwanese women with osteoporosis and fragility fracture.

Author: Jawl-Shan Hwang, Keh-Sung Tsai, Yuh-Min Cheng, Wen-Jer Chen, Shih-Te Tu, Ko-Hsiu Lu, Sheng-Mou Hou, Shu-Hua Yang, Henrich Cheng, Hung Jen Lai, Sharon Lei, and Jung-Fu Chen
Abstract: Background: Vitamin D is essential for calcium metabolism, Vitamin D deficiency can precipitate osteoporosis, cause muscle weakness and increase the risk of fracture. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy among non-supplemented postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and fragility fractures of the hip or vertebrae in Taiwan. Methods: This multi-center, cross-sectional, observational study analyzed the vitamin D inadequacy [defined as 25 (OH) D level less than 30 ng/mL] in Taiwanese postmenopausal osteoporotic patients who suffered from a low trauma, non-pathological fragility hip or vertebral fracture that received post-fracture medical care when admitted to hospital or at an outpatient clinic. Results: A total of 199 patients were enrolled at 8 medical centers in Taiwan; 194 patients met the study criteria with 113 (58.2%) and 81 (41.8%) patients diagnosed with hip and vertebral fracture, respectively. The mean serum 25(OH) D level was 21.1 ± 9.3 ng/mL, resulting in a prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy of 86.6% of the patients. Conclusions: High prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy across all age groups was found among non-supplemented women with osteoporosis and fragility hip or vertebral fracture in Taiwan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2014
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