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The evolution of mobility in a sustainable perspective requires specific attention to the end-users roles and the changing needs of the cities and policies. This work shows how ICT (Information and Communications Technology) services can allow the transition towards smart and sustainable mobility. Within the European project H2020 ELVITEN (GA nr. 769926), a proper set of ICT services are described, including the brokering and the booking service for vehicles and charging stations, the ICT platform for monitoring the fleet of electric vehicles, the serious game app and a smart app for incentives. These services are suitable and indispensable to incentivize and encourage users towards a new mobility that is electric and sustainable.

Fitness for work (FFW) in health care workers poses multidisciplinary challenges because of management problems scientific and ethical implications and the implementation of preventive interventions in health care settings. All the relevant stakeholders, including the General Manager, Medical Director, worker's representative, the person responsible for prevention and protection, forensic medicine expert, the person responsible for prevention and health safety at public administration level, commented on: danger to third parties; FFW formulation; human resource management; stress; professional independence; role of the person responsible for prevention and protection and of the person responsible for prevention at public administration level; professional responsibilities. Opinions are reported regarding the main problems related to the role of the Occupational Physician in FFW formulation, such as the difficult balance between autonomy and independence, limited turnover and aging of workforce, need of confidentiality and respect for professional status of the HCW prevalence of susceptibility conditions, rights and duties of stakeholders. The most significant result was the request by the Lombardy Region for more quality in risk assessment and health surveillance; to maintain uniform conduct over all the local health authorities, to allow the board in charge of examining appeals against FFW to fully cooperate with the occupational physician; due attention to the person/worker; the opportunity to convene referral boards for complex FFW management; the challenge of stress management and the need for an observatory for psychological discomforts; the importance of the ICOH Code of Ethics and avoidance of conflicts of interests; the need for individual risk assessment and risk management; the concept of sharing responsibilities and of a real multidisciplinary approach.

The aim of this contribution is to propose good medical practice in formulating and managing fitness for work (FFW) for health care workers exposed to biological agents. A literature review was conducted, together with a critical analysis of available scientific evidence and presentation of practical examples taken from the Italian multicentric study in which the authors have been participating since 2008. Within the health care sector and with special reference to biological risk, making and subsequently managing a FFW for a specific job is in fact a particularly arduous task for the occupational physician and for the entire hospital management system. The process that leads to issuing a FFW needs to follow the appropriate guidelines and good technical and scientific practice and also take into careful consideration current legislation (national, regional, etc); it is the result of a well grounded balance between professional ethics, rights and duties of the worker and patient, but also of the employer and of all those involved. All these aspects need to be adapted to the single work situations, applying the principle of precaution and careful flexibility in management, with accurate evaluation of each individual clinical case with its peculiarities and referral, where necessary, to expert opinion. It is also indispensable to have in place a clear and jointly agreed hospital management policy where co-responsibility is taken by each single actor, always with due respect for specific roles, so that the Occupational Physician and employers are not left to manage the issue alone.

Objective A recent study suggested that risk of bladder cancer may be higher in women than in men who smoked comparable amounts of cigarettes. We pooled primary data from 14 case-control studies of bladder cancer from Europe and North America and evaluated differences in risk of smoking by gender. Methods The pooled analysis included 8316 cases (21% women) and 17,406 controls (28% women) aged 30-79 years. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for smoking were adjusted for age and study. Exposure-response was evaluated in a stratified analysis by gender and by generalized additive models. Results The odds ratios for current smokers compared to nonsmokers were 3.9 (95% CI 3.5-4.3) for males and 3.6 (3.1-4.1) for females. In 11 out of 14 studies, ORs were slightly higher in men. ORs for current smoking were similar for men (OR = 3.4) and women (OR = 3.7) in North America, while in Europe men (OR = 5.3) had higher ORs than women (OR = 3.9). ORs increased with duration and intensity in both genders and the exposure-response patterns were remarkably similar between genders. Conclusion These results do not support the hypothesis that women have a higher relative risk of smoking-related bladder cancer than men.

Objectives: We examined which occupations and industries are currently at high risk for bladder cancer in men. Methods: We combined data from 11 case - control studies conducted between 1976 - 1996 in six European countries. The study comprised 3346 incident cases and 6840 controls, aged 30 - 79 years. Lifetime occupational and smoking histories were examined using common coding. Results: Odds ratios for eight a priori defined high-risk occupations were low, and with the exception of metal workers and machinists ( OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.02 - 1.32), were not statistically significant. Higher risks were observed for specific categories of painters, metal, textile and electrical workers, for miners, transport operators, excavating-machine operators, and also for non-industrial workers such as concierges and janitors. Industries entailing a high risk included salt mining, manufacture of carpets, paints, plastics and industrial chemicals. An increased risk was found for exposure to PAHs ( OR for highest exposure tertile = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.07 - 1.4). The risk attributable to occupation ranged from 4.2 to 7.4%, with an estimated 4.3% for exposure to PAHs. Conclusions: Metal workers, machinists, transport equipment operators and miners are among the major occupations contributing to occupational bladder cancer in men in Western Europe. In this population one in 10 to one in 20 cancers of the bladder can be attributed to occupation.

Transitional-cell carcinoma is the dominant histological type of malignant tumors of the urinary bladder. There is limited information on risk factors for non-transitional-cell carcinoma (NTCC) of the bladder. We used data from 9 case-control studies on bladder cancer from 6 European countries to examine the association between NTCC, tobacco smoking and occupation. Information on 146 cases diagnosed with NTCC were matched by age, gender and study center to 727 non-cancer population or hospital controls and also with 722 transitional-cell-bladder-cancer controls. Lifetime smoking and occupational history were evaluated. A statistically significant excess risk for NTCC was observed for current smoking [odds ratio (OR)= 3.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.08-6.28]. The risk increased with higher tobacco consumption (OR for highest tertile of pack-years = 7.01, 95% CI 3.60-13.66), The risks were higher for squamous-cell carcinomas than for other types of NTCC, Among major occupational groups, a significant excess risk was seen for field-crop and vegetable-farm workers (OR = 2.06, 95% CI 1.03-4.10), These results indicate that NTCC of the bladder is associated with smoking and specific occupations. The risk pattern seems to differ, in part, from that observed for transitional-cell carcinoma of the bladder. (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

The evolution of mobility in a sustainable perspective requires specific attention to the end-users roles and the changing needs of the cities and policies. This work shows how ICT (Information and Communications Technology) services can allow the transition towards smart and sustainable mobility. Within the European project H2020 ELVITEN (GA nr. 769926), a proper set of ICT services are described, including the brokering and the booking service for vehicles and charging stations, the ICT platform for monitoring the fleet of electric vehicles, the serious game app and a smart app for incentives. These services are suitable and indispensable to incentivize and encourage users towards a new mobility that is electric and sustainable.

The evolution of mobility in a sustainable perspective requires specific attention to the end-users roles and the changing needs of the cities and policies. This work shows how ICT (Information and Communications Technology) services can allow the transition towards smart and sustainable mobility. Within the European project H2020 ELVITEN (GA nr. 769926), a proper set of ICT services are described, including the brokering and the booking service for vehicles and charging stations, the ICT platform for monitoring the fleet of electric vehicles, the serious game app and a smart app for incentives. These services are suitable and indispensable to incentivize and encourage users towards a new mobility that is electric and sustainable.

European Commission, H2020 [101016167]; Regional Health Authority (Azienda Zero), Veneto Region, Italy; Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Spain, Porru S, Monaco MGL, Spiteri G, Carta A, Pezzani MD, Lippi G, Gibellini D, Tacconelli E, Dalla Vecchia I, Sala E, Sansone E, De Palma G, Bonfanti C, Lombardo M, Terlenghi L, Pira E, Mansour I, Coggiola M, Ciocan C, Godono A, Tardon A, Rodriguez-Suarez MM, Fernandez-Tardon G, Jimeno-Demuth FJ, Castro-Delgado RV, Iglesias Cabo T, Scapellato ML, Liviero F, Moretto A, Mason P, Pavanello S, Volpin A, Vimercati L, Tafuri S, De Maria L, Sponselli S, Stefanizzi P, Caputi A, Gobba F, Modenese A, Casolari L, Garavini D, D'Elia C, Mariani S, Filon FL, Cegolon L, Negro C, Ronchese F, Rui F, De Michieli P, Murgia N, Dell'Omo M, Muzi G, Fiordi T, Gambelunghe A, Folletti I, Mates D, Calota VC, Neamtu A, Perseca O, Staicu CA, Voinoiu A, Fabiánová E, Bérešová J, Adamčáková ZK, Nedela R, Lesňáková A, Holčíková J, Boffetta P, Abedini M, Ditano G, Asafo SS, Visci G, Violante FS, Zunarelli C, Verlato G

BackgroundThe duration of immune response to COVID-19 vaccination is of major interest. Our aim was to analyze the determinants of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titer at 6 months after 2-dose vaccination in an international cohort of vaccinated healthcare workers (HCWs).MethodsWe analyzed data on levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike antibodies and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of 6,327 vaccinated HCWs from 8 centers from Germany, Italy, Romania and Slovakia. Time between 1st dose and serology ranged 150-210 days. Serological levels were log-transformed to account for the skewness of the distribution and normalized by dividing them by center-specific standard errors, obtaining standardized values. We fitted center-specific multivariate regression models to estimate the cohort-specific relative risks (RR) of an increase of 1 standard deviation of log antibody level and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI), and finally combined them in random-effects meta-analyses.ResultsA 6-month serological response was detected in 99.6% of HCWs. Female sex (RR 1.10, 95%CI 1.00-1.21), past infection (RR 2.26, 95%CI 1.73-2.95) and two vaccine doses (RR 1.50, 95%CI 1.22-1.84) predicted higher IgG titer, contrary to interval since last dose (RR for 10-day increase 0.94, 95%CI 0.91-0.97) and age (RR for 10-year increase 0.87, 95%CI 0.83-0.92). M-RNA-based vaccines (pConclusionsFemale gender, young age, past infection, two vaccine doses, and m-RNA and heterologous vaccination predicted higher antibody level at 6 months. These results corroborate previous findings and offer valuable data for comparison with trends observed with longer follow-ups.

This project has received funding from the EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the ORCHESTRA project Grant Agreement No. 101016167. The cohort from Verona is funded by the Regional Health Authority (Azienda Zero), Veneto Region, Italy., Collatuzzo G., Lodi V., Feola D., De Palma G., Sansone E., Sala E., Janke C., Castelletti N., Porru S., Spiteri G., Monaco M.G.L., Larese Filon F., Negro C., Cegolon L., Beresova J., Fabianova E., Carrasco-Ribelles L.A., Toràn-Monserrat P., Rodriguez-Suarez M.M., Fernandez-Tardon G., Asafo S.S., Ditano G., Abedini M., Boffetta P.

Mobile apps are certainly a significant part of thesoftware industry market, and their centrality in our economicand social life is becoming more and more relevant as time goesby. In this preliminary work we propose a complex networkapproach, never used before in this field, to study mobileapps from a software engineering perspective. We analyzed thenetworks associated to 5 popular open-source android apps, and found that they share some properties with other kinds ofsoftware systems. We employed complex networks to obtain adeeper insight both on internal and external dependencies, aimingat studying the relationship between mobile apps dependenciesand software quality. Our goal is to better understand thenature of the existing relationship between mobile apps and theunderlying hosting operating system thus providing developerswith valuable information.

Refactoring is certainly one of the most widespread practices used by developers to improve software quality. During the last two decades, it has been the subject of an increasing number of research studies. But how much do we know about the trends, and the appearance of new topics, in the research field of refactoring? What have researchers found about its application since the time of its first introduction? In this work we provide a preliminary analysis of the state of the art and the evolution of the research on refactoring. We attempt to represent the actual body of knowledge in this field through the analysis of its cognitive structure, leveraging science mapping methodology to focus on the most relevant concepts in this research area. We model the body of knowledge by mining bibliographic databases and by retrieving the co-occurrence of keywords. We have found that some different general themes can be recognized, but not all of them have the same role and equally catalyzed researchers' interest. In addition, we provide a preliminary analysis on the trends and directions as well as the hot topics we identified in the refactoring research field.

We conducted a multi-stage, genome-wide association study of bladder cancer with a primary scan of 591,637 SNPs in 3,532 affected individuals (cases) and 5,120 controls of European descent from five studies followed by a replication strategy, which included 8,382 cases and 48,275 controls from 16 studies. In a combined analysis, we identified three new regions associated with bladder cancer on chromosomes 22q13.1, 19q12 and 2q37.1: rs1014971, (P = 8 × 10⁻¹²) maps to a non-genic region of chromosome 22q13.1, rs8102137 (P = 2 × 10⁻¹¹) on 19q12 maps to CCNE1 and rs11892031 (P = 1 × 10⁻⁷) maps to the UGT1A cluster on 2q37.1. We confirmed four previously identified genome-wide associations on chromosomes 3q28, 4p16.3, 8q24.21 and 8q24.3, validated previous candidate associations for the GSTM1 deletion (P = 4 × 10⁻¹¹) and a tag SNP for NAT2 acetylation status (P = 4 × 10⁻¹¹), and found interactions with smoking in both regions. Our findings on common variants associated with bladder cancer risk should provide new insights into the mechanisms of carcinogenesis.

International audience; OBJECTIVE: A recent study suggested that risk of bladder cancer may be higher in women than in men who smoked comparable amounts of cigarettes. We pooled primary data from 14 case-control studies of bladder cancer from Europe and North America and evaluated differences in risk of smoking by gender. METHODS: The pooled analysis included 8316 cases (21% women) and 17,406 controls (28% women) aged 30-79 years. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for smoking were adjusted for age and study. Exposure-response was evaluated in a stratified analysis by gender and by generalized additive models. RESULTS: The odds ratios for current smokers compared to nonsmokers were 3.9 (95% CI 3.5-4.3) for males and 3.6 (3.1-4.1) for females. In 11 out of 14 studies, ORs were slightly higher in men. ORs for current smoking were similar for men (OR = 3.4) and women (OR = 3.7) in North America, while in Europe men (OR = 5.3) had higher ORs than women (OR = 3.9). ORs increased with duration and intensity in both genders and the exposure-response patterns were remarkably similar between genders. CONCLUSION: These results do not support the hypothesis that women have a higher relative risk of smoking-related bladder cancer than men.