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The aim of this work was to determine the nitrogen and phosphorus content in arable agricultural land on farms in the Republic of Serbia. The sampling of soils was carried out in 2020 with the recording of GPS coordinates and entering the obtained results into the software platform. The analysis of the nitrogen content (N) was determined by the Kotzman method and calculated from the humus on a sample of 30,957 plots, with an area of 19,629.24 ha. The phosphorus content (P2O5) was determined by extraction, whereby the easily soluble part of the phosphorus was transferred into a solution and colorimetrically determined in the resulting extract, on a sample of 28,944 plots with an area of 18,459.96 ha. The results obtained show that 64.59% of the area, i.e., 12,678.81 ha, had a good nitrogen content (0.2-0.1%). A very high phosphorus content (400.1-500.0 mg kg-1 of the area) was found on 27.68% of the area, which is 5,108.92 ha. On 15.34% of the plots where a harmful value was found, additional analyses should be carried out to determine the cause of such a high phosphorus content in the soil. Based on data on the content of total nitrogen and readily available phosphorus in the soil, the type and amount of fertilizer can be adequately selected, which can lead to a reduction in ecosystem pollution. The results in this study represent the basis for soil management, biodiversity protection and optimal planning of cultivation of arable, vegetable and fruit crops. The obtained results can help agricultural producers and other entities to increase the competitiveness of their production.

To evaluate the quality change of the stored buckwheat grain, the artificial ageing treatment was applied to accelerate these processes. The biological, physical and chemical properties of the grains were examined. For this study, a field experiment was set up in Topola on a smonica-type land, according to a randomized block system in three replications, with a plot size of 120 m2 during the production year 2022. This year was marked by unfavourable conditions for buckwheat production, which affected the average yield, which was 1.86 t ha-1. After three months of storage, grain germination was reduced by 6.6%, 1000 grain weight by 0.81%, grain length by 0.37%, width by 0.22% and thickness by 0.59%. The examined parameters of chemical properties decreased during the storage time, except the ash content, the value of which increased by 30%. Moisture content was reduced from 10.21% to 9.09%, protein from 12.1 to 11.46%, and lipid from 3.09 to 2.78%. The pH value decreased from 6.74 to 6.63, and the total alcoholic acidity from 1.35 to 1.18. The results of this research on the storage of buckwheat grains can be used in the development of new, improved varieties, as well as processors who use this raw material for their products.

Environmental problems such as global warming, pollution, and the decline of plant species biodiversity are leading to new social trends and discussions. A relatively new idea of global sustainable development aims to meet societal demands while protecting and enhancing natural resources. The main tools used in the implementation of natural resource protection measures are sustainable development indicators. One of these indicators is the damage caused by the use of synthetic chemicals in agriculture. In Serbia, agriculture is an important sector of the economy with different levels of technological progress, from extensive to intensive. The degree of pollution and its impact on the environment varies according to agricultural production. The challenges faced by modern agricultural production in conditions of technological progress have led to the intensification of production, but have also caused concern about maintaining the natural balance of cultivated land and product quality. The application of innovative technologies for crop protection without the use of chemical agents is a step that should reduce the environmental damage caused. Among the most important natural metabolites and secondary products of aromatic plants used as biopesticides are essential oils. The biological activities of essential oils (EOs) in agriculture have antimicrobial and herbicidal effects. The various bioactive components of the oil determine its action. In nature, they play an important role in protecting plants from bacteria, fungi, viruses and insects. In most weeds, the oils penetrate the cytoplasmic membrane of the cell as typical lipophiles and cause its multilayers of polysaccharides, fatty acids and phospholipids to lose their structure and become permeable. Chlorosis, necrosis, and growth inhibition are symptoms of damage caused by the application of essential oils to plants. Although the physiological effects of the oil are not yet well studied, the importance of its use and other natural metabolites indicates its value for sustainable agriculture.

The aim of the paper was to show that Serbia has favorable natural conditions (land and climate) for diverse agricultural production (plant- and animal-based), experienced manufacturers, experts and scientists, as well as world-famous selections of numerous plant cultures. Serbia's major agricultural products are corn, wheat (flour), sunflower (oil and pellets), sugar beet (sugar), soybean (oil and protein products), potatoes, raspberries, apples, plums, sour cherries, grapes, pork, beef and poultry, as well as milk.

Socially responsible business entities (CSR) have reoriented their CSR initiatives towards environmental and social management. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are newer strategic tools that focus on addressing sustainability issues arising from increased production, consumption and disposal. Sustainability will be the most important directive in the near future, therefore, this paper aims to examine the cohesiveness between current CSR initiatives in the fashion and textile sector and the prescribed SDGs. The paper further highlights a case study of good practice of a clothing factory in the Republic of Serbia, which incorporates CSR and SDG above the prescribed regulations. The conclusions in this paper suggest several future research directions.

Digital technologies change the way how manufacturing firms create offers for customers. These new technologies transform traditional Product-Service Systems into Digital Product-Service Systems. This paper investigates the use of digital technologies for the creation of new products and smart services in manufacturing firms. Additionally, this paper investigates the service orientation in Product-Service Systems. The data for this research were collected at the end of 2021 through the ASAP Service Management Forum in the manufacturing sector of the Republic of Serbia. The empirical results indicate that more than 60% of manufacturing firms use digital technologies for the creation of new products and less than 50% for the creation of new smart services. Moreover, results indicated that most services are product-oriented with 25% of share in a sample, followed by results-oriented services with 20% of share in a sample and use-oriented services with 11% of share in the total sample.

Introduction. Cerebral visual impairment is the leading cause of severe visual impairment and blindness in infants and children in high-income countries. The main cause of this condition is damage of higher visual pathways and brain centers which leads to problems in processing visual information. In the last 20 years, an increase in the prevalence of cerebral visual impairment has been observed, but this diagnosis as a cause of vision problems in Serbia is not common. Objectives. The aim of this study was to assess the awareness of ophthalmologists of cerebral visual impairment. Methods. The Questionnaire for the assessment of cerebral visual impairment (Maitreya et al., 2018) was translated into Serbian, and used for data collection. The sample consisted of 45 ophthalmologists employed on the territory of the Republic of Serbia. Results. Two thirds of ophthalmologists from the sample self-assessed their knowledge a slow (or nonexistent). However, the results showed that they had a satisfying level of awareness about cerebral visual impairment, and the majority of the participants correctly stated the most common risk factor for cerebral visual impairment. The highest awareness was observed in ophthalmologists who worked in health centers, those with more work experience, and especially those who primarily worked with children. Conclusion. Further informing the ophthalmologists about the diagnostic method of choice, symptomatology and differential diagnosis of cerebral visual impairment is desirable. Raising the awareness of doctors about this condition would lead to more frequent diagnoses, especially in babies with neurological impairments that are currently most likely misdiagnosed or unrecognized when it comes to their vision problems.

Cardiovascular and reproductive health of women have been going hand in hand since the dawn of time, yet links have been poorly studied. Still, once basis of their connections started to be established, it depended on local regional abilities and level of progressive thinking to afford women comprehensive care beyond the “bikini medicine”. Further research identified different associations rendering more conditions sex-specific and launching therefore a slow, yet initial turn around in clinical trials’ concept as the majority of global cardiovascular guidelines rely on the results of research conducted on a very modest percentage of women and even less on the women of color. Currently, the concept of women’s heart centers varies depending on the local demographics’ guided needs, available logistics driven by budgeting and societal support of a broad-minded thinking environment, free of bias for everyone: from young adults questioning their gender identity, via women of reproductive age both struggling to conceive or keep working part time when healthy and line of work permits it during pregnancy, up to aging and the elderly. Using “Investigate-Educate-Advocate-Legislate” as the four pillars of advancing cardiovascular care of women, we aimed to summarize standing of women’s health in Serbia, present ongoing projects and propose actionable solutions for the future.

Experts who deal with the essence of communication businesses in the theoretical and practical sense, point out the fact that the process of business communication, at the beginning of the third millennium, conceptually and substantively, has changed greatly. These changes are of a technological nature, but also have a specific political, economic, social, cultural, psychological and any other relevant definition. This paper points to a paradigm shift in the application of information and communication technologies, which is happening due to explosion of technology in society and the impact of globalization on modern business communication. Recomposing the worldview and applying new methods and content is necessary to obtain the relevant effects of business communication. The business world challenges us to use business communication by applying information and communication technologies in the way of the 21st century, not so much in the use of technology, but in the attitudes that shape its use.

Business continuity occupies an important place both in the academic sphere and in the practical application that is carried out in order to ensure continuation of the legal entity. Multiple complex factors and threats that shape not only national but also global security, significantly affect the functioning of corporations, which makes the traditional approach to corporate security relatively outdated. The aim of this article is to present the most important discussions related to this phenomenon within the academic literature, as well as to identify issues that are important for successful theoretical development and application of this concept in business practice. The authors consider the concept of business continuity as one of the most important concepts in the function of corporate security, having in mind the challenges and threats faced by companies, especially those that orient their business towards exports to foreign markets. The pandemic caused by the SARS - CoV 2 virus, which culminated in 2020, largely showed the weaknesses of "classic" business continuity planning, bearing in mind that many companies in Serbia and around the world have completely suspended their production processes. Therefore, in this paper, on the example of a pandemic, the current weaknesses will be partially identified, as well as recommendations that would ensure the continuity of the work process and thus achieve the functionality of corporations.

Background: Clinical pathways are important tools to achieve better quality of care and to reduce the costs for healthcare system. The total hip replacement (THR) is among the most expensive procedures in health system and the number of these operations has greatly increased in the past decade in the Republic of Srpska. Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine how the implementation of a clinical pathway for THR can influence the length of stay and postoperative complications in hospitals in the Republic of Srpska. Methods: This prospective and comparative study was performed on 2,485 patients who underwent the THR over a 3-year-period in 2012 (prior to the introduction of the clinical pathways, baseline), in 2013 (first evaluation period) and in 2014 (second evaluation period), one and two years after its implementation, respectively. The study was conducted in 10 hospitals in the Republic of Srpska, where the effects of the clinical pathways on length of stay and postoperative complications after THR were measured. Results: The introduction of THR clinical pathways significantly decreased the length of stay in hospital from 14.53 ± 7.03 days measured at baseline, to 12.79 ± 4.81 days and 11.19 ± 4.11 days at first and second evaluation period, respectively. At the same time, the number of early postoperative complications such as death and venous thromboembolism significantly decreased in both groups, while the number of dislocations, as parameter of late complications, decreased just after the second evaluation period. For all other complications, such as revision procedures, infections and periprosthetic fracture, there were no statistical differences after the implementation of clinical pathways. Conclusion: The introduction of clinical pathways was successful in reducing the length of stay in hospitals as well as the postoperative complications after THR.

Hysteroscopy is the gold standard for diagnosing and managing endocervical and endometrial pathology. The development of today’s hysteroscopy begins in the early 19th century. Initially, hysteroscopy was used solely for diagnostics. Operative hysteroscopy surfaced with the development of distension media, the hysteroscope, and its associated instruments. Operative hysteroscopy underwent the most significant development in the early 1970s, when new hysteroscopes were introduced, and the distension media became more widely used. A multitude of hysteroscopic procedures are performed with the common goal of removing pathological changes in the endometrial cavity. In the 1980s, small cameras, also known as “chip” cameras, were developed, leading to the transition of endoscopy into videoendoscopy. Bettocchi revolutionized modern hysteroscopy in 1996 when he used the first operative office hysteroscope. Operative resectoscopes, containing monopolar and bipolar energy, were also constructed. Hysteroscopic morcellators have been in use since the beginning of the 21st century. Today’s modern hysteroscopy represents a safe diagnostic and operative endoscopy.

More and more contemporary expresses the fear that the moral structure, which keeps society and people together, will rapidly collapse. Moral became an object itself, and even a problem. The modern market economy generates unstoppable economic growth, but from the point of view of practical benefits, it does not justify economic reasons as a whole. The ethical dimension of modern economy has been lost. A louder call for ethics is not a consequence of the failure of traditional moral systems, nor a trend, but a sign of the current time that forces for ethical thinking. The goal of the paper is not to show what is ethical and what not, but to help it easier to set up for itself what is ethical and what is unethical.

Introduction. Ovarian endometriosis has been identified as a risk factor for occurrence of endometriosis-associated ovarian carcinoma. We presented a rare case of simultaneous clear cell/ endometrioid ovarian carcinoma and endometriosis of the ipsilateral ovary. Case report. A 47-yearold patient underwent surgery for right ovarian endometriotic cyst. A total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingooophorectomy, lymphadenectomy in the right psoas muscle region and omentectomy were performed as well as multiple peritoneal biopsies. Six cycles of chemotherapy were instituted postoperatively using the Taxol-CBDCA protocol. Abdominal and pelvic CT did not demonstrate recurrence of the disease postoperatively and after completed chemotherapy treatment. Six months after the completion of treatment, the patient felt well without the disease recurrence. Conclusion. Clear cell and endometrioid subtypes of ovarian carcinoma have good prognosis if they are diagnosed and treated at an early stage of the disease. In our patient, the carcinoma was detected in the first stage and successfully treated with combination therapy, i.e., surgical and chemotherapy.

Introduction. Uterus didelphys results when Mullerian duct fusion is completely arrested during development. We presented a rare case of nonobstructive uterus didelphys occurring simultaneously with an endometriotic cyst of the ovary. Case report. A twenty-nine-year-old, nulliparous patient was admitted to our Clinic for laparoscopic treatment of an endometriotic ovarian cyst. Diagnoses of right ovarian endometriotic cyst and nonobstructed uterus didelphys were established with bimanual pelvic exam and two-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound. Diagnoses were subsequently confirmed by laparoscopy and magnetic resonance imaging. Laparoscopic incision and drainage of the endometriotic cyst were performed, followed by biopsy and coagulation of endometriotic lesions. Histopathology confirmed ovarian endometriosis. Gonadotropinreleasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) was prescribed postoperatively, for a total of 3 months. Ten months after completion of treatment, the patients was without disease recurence. Conclusion. Nonobstructive uterus didelphys is rarely associated with ovarian endometriosis.

Introduction. Unilateral ovarian and Fallopian tube agenesis is an extremely rare anomaly that is usually associated with uterine and renal anomalies. This anomaly is usually incidentally detected during laparoscopy or laparotomy performed for other indications. We have reported a rare case of unilateral ovarian and Fallopian tube agenesis in an infertile patient with a normal uterus. Case report. A 34-yearold infertile patient was admitted to our clinic for laparoscopy and hysteroscopy, indicated for the right Fallopian tube occlusion and an endometrial polyp. The patient underwent laparoscopy and hysteroscopy. Unilateral right ovarian and Fallopian tube agenesis was diagnosed during laparoscopy. Upon exploration of peritoneal surfaces, omentum and intestinal serosa, neither ectopic nor remnant tissues of the ovary or Fallopian tube were found. Renal anomalies were not identified on the ultrasound examination. The hormone panel and karyotype were normal. Her partner’s semen analysis was normal. The patient conceived spontaneously one year later. Serial ultrasound examinations showed normal fetal intrauterine growth and development. The patient vaginally delivered a live, female newborn at 40 weeks’ gestation, weighing 3,350 grams, 53 cm long, with 9/10 Apgar scores at birth. The patient and her newborn were discharged home on the third postpartum day. Conclusion. Unilateral ovarian and Fallopian tube agenesis is rarely associated with a normal uterus. Laparoscopy is the gold standard in the diagnosis of ovarian and Fallopian tube agenesis. Unless other obstetric indications are present, this anomaly is not specific and it is not an indication for a Caesarean section, and vaginal delivery is a possibility at term pregnancy.

The article presents a study which examines human papilloma virus (HPV) infection's correlation with colposcopy, cytology, and bioptic tissues' histopathological examination in intraepithelial lesions. The study collects data from year on 1,927 patients with age that ranges from 16-72 years, at the University Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Belgrade, Serbia. Results show that 272 women out of 1,927 were high-risk types (HR)-HPV positive and 635 showed an abnormal cytological findings.

Metastable nanopowder ZnTiO3 was pressed into cylindrical compacts at 200 MPa. Compacts were treated by conventional heating with isothermal holding at 931°C for 10 minutes, 25 minutes and 40 minutes. ZnTiO3 compacts were also heated with a two-step sintering schedule with maximal 913°C and isothermal holding at 896°C, for approximately the same holding times as the isothermal schedule. Shrinkage during heating was monitored with a dilatometric device, while microstructure was determined with atomic force microscopy. XRD patterns were collected for the most interesting samples. Microstructures of sintered specimens showed differences introduced during the last sintering stage by the two different heating schedules. Goal of the presented work was to discuss the possible sintering mechanisms for the two step sintering schedulle according to the presented results. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. OI 172057]

It has been suggested that Golli proteins, structurally related to myelin basic proteins (MBPs), have a role in autoimmune processes. We studied the expression of these proteins in multiple sclerosis (MS) and determined that the number of Golli-immunoreactive (ir) cells was significantly higher around lesions of chronic MS than in control white matter. Golli proteins were expressed in the adult oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), activated microglia/macrophages, and some demyelinated axons around MS lesions. Their expression in adult OPCs indicates remyelination attempts, whereas the expression in the subpopulation of microglia/macrophages suggests roles in the immune processes of MS. In addition, Golli proteins may be markers of axonal transection, which is characteristic for MS. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background/Aim. Not only that ultrasound makes the difference between cystic and solid changes in breast tissue, as it was the case at the beginning of its use, but it also makes the differential diagnosis in terms of benign-malignant. The aim of this study was to assess the role of sonography in the diagnosis of palpable breast masses according to the American College of Radiology Ultrasonographic Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) and to correlate the BI-RADS 4 and BI-RADS 5 category with pathohistological findings. Methods. A retrospective study was conducted with the breast sonograms of 30 women presented with palpable breast masses found to be mammography category BI-RADS 0 and ultrasonographic BI-RADS categories 4 and 5. The sonographic categories were correlated with pathohistological findings. Results. Surgical biopsy in 30 masses revealed: malignancy (56.7%), fibroadenoma (26.7%), fibrocystic dysplasia with/without atypia (10%), lipoma (3.3%) and intramammary lymph node (3.3%). Correlation between BI-RADS categories and pathohistological findings was found (p < 0.05). All BI-RADS 5 masses were malignant, while in BI-RADS 4A category fibroadenomas dominated. A total of 53.8% of all benign lesions were found in women 49 years of age or younger as compared with 35.3% of all malignancies in this group (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Ultrasonography BI-RADS improved classification of breast masses. The ultrasound BI-RADS 4 (A, B, C) and BI-RADS 5 lesions should be worked-up with biopsy.

Introduction. Fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) is a transfu-sion of fetal blood into the maternal circulation. A volume of transfused fetal blood required to cause severe, life-threatening fetal anemia, is not clearly defined. Some authors suggest vol-umes of 80 mL and 150 mL as a threshold which defines mas-sive FMH. Therefore, a rate of massive FMH is 1 : 1,000 and 1 : 5,000 births, respectively. Fetal and neonatal anemia is one of the most serious complications of the FMH. Clinical manifesta-tions of FMH are nonspecific, and mostly it presented as re-duced fetal movements and changes in cardiotocography (CTG). The standard for diagnosing FMH is Kleihaurer-Betke test. Case report. A 34-year-old gravida (G) 1, para (P) 1 was hospitalized due to uterine contractions at 39 weeks of gesta-tion. CTG monitoring revealed sinusoidal fetal heart rate and clinical examination showed complete cervical dilatation. Im-mediately after admission, the women delivered vaginally. Ap-gar scores were 1 and 2 at the first and fifth minute, respec-tively. Immediately baby was intubated and mechanical ventila-tion started. Initial analysis revealed pronounced acidosis and severe anemia. The patient received intravenous fluid therapy with sodium-bicarbonate as well as red cell transfusion. With all measures, the condition of the baby improved with normaliza-tion of hemoglobin level and blood pH. Kleihaurer-Betke test revealed the presence of fetal red cells in maternal circulation, equivalent to 531 mL blood loss. The level of maternal fetal hemoglobin (HbF) and elevated alpha fetoprotein also con-firmed the diagnosis of massive FMH. Conclusion. For the successful diagnosis and management of FMH direct commu-nication between the obstetrician and the pediatrician is neces-sary as presented in this report.

The scope of this work was observing dimensional and heat transfer changes in ZnTiO3 samples during heating in nitrogen and air atmosphere. Interactions of bulk specimens with gaseous surrounding induce microstructure changes during heating. Sintered ZnTiO3 nanopowder samples were submitted to subsequent heating. Dilatation curves and thermogravimetric with simultaneous differential thermal analysis TGA/DTA curves were recorded. Reheating was performed in air and nitrogen atmospheres. Reheated samples obtained at different characteristic temperatures in air were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Microstructures obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of reheated sintered samples are presented and compared. Reheating in a different atmosphere induced different microstructures. The goal was indicating possible causes leading to the microstructure changes. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. OI172057 i br. III45014]

Background: We present a unique experience with a patient who had undergone continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) after laparoscopic repair of ventral incisional hernia (LRVIH) with an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) mesh (DualMesh®; WL Gore) and who later suffered from multiple episodes of CAPD-related peritonitis without any signs of mesh infection. Methods: A 48-year-old man with an open abdominal aortic reconstruction in 1994 for occlusive arterial disease presented with an incisional ventral hernia. He underwent LRVIH using an e-PTFE mesh of 30×20 cm. Results: Postoperatively, he developed renal failure. For various reasons, the only therapeutic option was CAPD. A CAPD-catheter was implanted via laparoscopy, taking care not to compromise the mesh that was completely covered with neoperitoneum. After 3 months of uneventful CAPD, he developed a bacterial peritonitis. Antibiotic treatment failed and the CAPD-catheter was removed. The mesh was left in place and the patient recovered. Later on another CAPD-catheter was implanted via laparoscopy and used for 10 months. Again he developed peritonitis from which he recovered after catheter removal. Mesh was left in place and remained uninfected, probably protected from intra-abdominal bacteria by the neoperitoneum. Conclusions: The risk of secondary infection of an intra-abdominal mesh seems to diminish largely after neoperitonealization of the mesh. CAPD seems possible in a patient with an intra-abdominal mesh when it is covered with neoperitoneum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigated the production properties of three sorghum genotypes: NS-Džin (forage sorghum), Zora (Sudan grass) and Siloking (interspecies hybrid) in terms of different nitrogen rates used in side dressing in 2009 and 2010. The subject of study was green biomass and dry matter yield in the stages of intensive growth and tasseling. The results have shown that there have been significant fluctuations in production indicators between the genotypes. In the total average, the lowest yield was recorded for the Sudan grass (85.41 t ha-1). Significantly higher yields were recorded for the interspecies hybrid (90.22 t ha-1) and the forage sorghum (93.51 t ha-1). Although the effect of nitrogen rates depended on weather conditions, i.e. rainfall distribution, the optimal nitrogen rate in both years was 180 kg ha-1.

The kernel oils ofQuercus roburandQuercus cerriswere obtained by Soxhlet extraction using petroleum ether. Oil yields were found to be 5.2-5.6% and 4.3-4.8% forQ. roburandQ. cerriskernel, respectively (expressed in g per 100 g of dried plant material). The physical and chemical constants, unsaponifiable matter and total fatty acids were determined. The total fatty acid composition of oils was determined by GC in the methyl ester form. Considering the composition and content of fatty acids, the examined kernel oils were very similar. Seven fatty acid components were identified in both oils: palmitic, stearic, arachidic, palmitoleic, oleic, linoleic, and a-linolenic. InQ. roburandQ. cerriskernel oils the principal acids were oleic (44.3% and 43.0%, respectively) and linoleic (37.2% and 32.6%, respectively), followed by a significant amount of palmitic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to define the actual model of body composition status of working age women in the territory of Belgrade. The sample comprised 109 women respondents, of an average age of 35.2±9.5 and the length of service = 9.6±9.3 years. All measurements were performed in the period from 2011-2012 in the Teaching -research laboratory of the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education of the University of Belgrade, by applying standardized procedure of electrical multichannel bioimpedance method. The researched encompassed twenty-two (22) variables - fourteen basic (14) and eight (8) derived (index) variables. Basic variables were: BH - body height, BM - body mass, ICF - intracellular fluid, ECW - extracellular fluid, TBW - total body fluids, Proteins, Minerals, BMC (Osseous) - bone mineral contents, BFM - total body fat mass, SMM - skeletal muscle mass, VFA - visceral fat area, BCM - body cell mass, BMR - basal metabolic rate, FIS - fitness score as assessment of body composition. The derived (index) variables were: BMI - body mass index, PBF% - percent of body fat, PBW - percent of body water, PFI - protein fat index, PSMM - percent of skeletal muscle mass, SMMD - skeletal muscle mass density, OBMi - Osseous-body mass index, PBMi - protein body mass index. The results showed that the average body mass of the respondents was 67.66±13.39 kg, body height 167.04±6.62 cm, body mass index 24.27±4.66 kg/m2, muscle mass 26.55±4.46 kg, muscle mass percentage 29.09±8.47, body fat mass 20.52±9.74 kg, body fat percentage 29.09±8.47, visceral fat area was 77.92±40.23 cm2 and fitness score 73.23±6.75 of index points. The obtained results led to the conclusion that the current morphological status of the studied women partially corresponds to a type of normal weight. BMI and the representation of body fat had nearly limiting values towards obesity. A very high percentage of women was recorded in the category of pre-obese and obese according to BMI (40%) and PSMM (36%). Based on the results of this study, it can be claimed that the four-dimensional model (4D model) of body composition of working-age women from the measured sample has the following characteristics: in women of average body mass of 67.66 kg - water content is 34.58 L or 51.11%, protein mass is 9.25 kg or 13.68%, mineral mass is 3.30 kg or 4.88% and fat mass is 20.25 kg or 30.32%.

Based on the comparative analysis of gross margins in 2006 and 2011, the economic impact of winter wheat production on farms in the Republic of Serbia was estimated. The subject of the analysis was variable costs for purchased seed, fertilizers, pesticides, and contract harvesting services. Based on the analysis of the gross margin for winter wheat, it was noted that the value of production (VP), total variable costs (TVC) and gross margin (GM) were significantly higher in 2011 than in 2006. In 2011, VP was higher due to a significantly higher yield and the higher price of winter wheat grain. In addition to higher prices of all inputs, the increase in variable costs was mostly influenced by the higher price of fertilizer. Comparing the two time periods in winter wheat production, it was concluded that the value of GM in 2011 increased by 30%.