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Reports on Aotearoa New Zealand's research, science, and innovation (RSI) system suggest the sector could improve its social responsibility and create more social value. However, researchers and innovators within the sector find this challenging. Through qualitative interviews and a national survey of RSI system participants, this study explores the current perceptions, practices enacted, and support given around responsible research and innovation practices. Findings indicate that researchers and innovators have diverse understandings of what responsible research and innovation entails, viewing anticipation and reflexivity-aligned practices as the most important aspects of responsible research and innovation. Participants feel most supported by research organisations and funding bodies to enact such aspects of responsible practice. However, they perceive a discrepancy, across all dimensions explored, between what researchers and innovators should do, and what they actually do in terms of enacting responsible practices. Thus, significant room for improvement is identified, particularly regarding practices that align with researchers' and innovators' obligations under Te Tiriti o Waitangi, and requirements under Vision Mātauranga. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the past decade, collaboration has been the preferred method of devising land and water policy in Aotearoa New Zealand to achieve agreed outcomes. However, the use of collaboration in policymaking is at a crossroads, as some argue it is unrealistic to expect stakeholders and tangata whenua with competing interests to work in partnership on contentious policy issues. To help clarify the future direction of collaboration, this paper provides authorising agencies (those with responsibility for the policy problems) with prompts to reflect ex ante on the advantages and disadvantages of pursuing collaboration. Based on a retrospective review of collaborations in New Zealand's land and water policymaking, and a two-day symposium with collaboration practitioners, we identify situations that are potentially less suited to collaboration owing to factors that are challenging to overcome through process design. Four issues that affect the success of collaborations are identified: the nature of the policy problem, the personal and collective qualities of those involved, power relationships, and the collaborative process. Finally, we draw together practical lessons from history, the symposium, and the literature to develop a list of questions for authorising agencies to use to reflect on the advantages and disadvantages of pursuing collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Criterion-related validities and inter-rater reliabilities for structured employment interview studies using situational questions (e.g. 'Assume that you were faced with the following situation ... what would you do?') were compared meta-analytically with studies using past behaviour questions (e.g. 'Can you think of a time when ... what did you do?'). Validities and reliabilities were further analysed in terms of whether descriptively-anchored rating scales were used to judge interviewees' answers, and validities for each question type were also assessed across three levels of job complexity. While both question formats yielded high validity estimates, studies using past behaviour questions, when used with discriptively anchored answer rating scales, yielded a substantially higher mean validity estimate than studies using the situational question format with descriptively-anchored answer rating scales (.63 versus .47). Question type (situational versus past behaviour) was found to moderate interview validity, after controlling for whether studies used answer rating scales. No support was found for the hypothesis that situational questions are less valid for predicting job performance in high-complexity jobs. Sample-weighted mean inter-rater reliabilities were similar for both situational and past behaviour questions, provided that descriptively-anchored rating scales were used (.79 and .77, respectively), although they were slightly lower (.73) for past behaviour question studies lacking such rating scales., Considerable research has been conducted with the aim of identifying procedures which can improve the criterion-related validity of the employment interview. One of the most profound and consistent findings from [...]

The Primary Innovation programme investigated co-innovation to solve complex agricultural problems in five New Zealand primary sector projects. The projects engaged diverse stakeholders using a collaborative, integrative process to co-define problems, and co-create and implement solutions. Each project included a Reflexive Monitor, who facilitated group relationships, encouraged a systems perspective, and integration of multiple disciplinary and stakeholder knowledges. Reflexive Monitors also encouraged reflexive practice and adaptive project management, while helping the team pursue the project ambition for change. This paper, with respect to the five projects, seeks to address the following research question: Is co-innovation an effective research approach for achieving societal impact from innovations? To address this question, we describe attempts to operationalise and measure co-innovation through 1) five behavioural principles of co-innovation, 2) Reflexive Monitors' focus on each principle, and 3) the presence or absence of elements of the Integration and Implementation Sciences Framework (i2S) for enhancing research impact. We evaluate the relationship between these three process measures and project success, measured by outputs and two proxy impact measures: participants' subjective comparisons with the counterfactual and anticipated achievement of desired long-term impacts. Results indicated that the five principles of co-innovation and the presence or absence of elements defined in the i2S framework were positively related to the three success measures. This suggests validity of these measurement tools, and of using a co-innovation approach and/or systematic attention to the elements of the i2S framework to enhance the processes, outcomes and impacts of projects tackling complex real-world problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The world needs to produce more food, more sustainably, on a planet with scarce resources and under changing climate. The advancement of technologies, computing power and analytics offers the possibility that 'digitalisation of agriculture' can provide new solutions to these complex challenges. The role of science is to evidence and support the design and use of digital technologies to realise these beneficial outcomes and avoid unintended consequences. This requires consideration of data governance design to enable the benefits of digital agriculture to be shared equitably and how digital agriculture could change agricultural business models; that is, farm structures, the value chain and stakeholder roles, networks and power relations, and governance. We argue that this requires transdisciplinary research (at pace), including explicit consideration of the aforementioned socio‐ethical issues, data governance and business models, alongside addressing technical issues, as we now have to simultaneously deal with multiple interacting outcomes in complex technical, social, economic and governance systems. The exciting prospect is that digitalisation of science can enable this new, and more effective, way of working. The question then becomes: how can we effectively accelerate this shift to a new way of working in agricultural science? As well as identifying key research areas, we suggest organisational changes will be required: new research business models, agile project management; new skills and capabilities; and collaborations with new partners to develop 'technology ecosystems'. © 2018 The Authors. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Selwyn Waihora Project was a research project supporting a collaborative policy-making process to set environmental limits in the Selwyn Waihora catchment in New Zealand's South Island. In this Design Report we reflect on this project based on data collected from a range of project participants approximately two years after project completion. The data collection was guided by the Integration and Implementation Sciences framework (i2S). On the basis of participant responses, and the authors' first-hand experiences working on the project, we present insights for transdisciplinary research. Through the questions asked by the i2S framework insights emerged on: what it means to honour community values; the importance of context but that projects can pay too much attention to it; boundary objects to foster integration across multiple knowledge systems; the value of intra-team narratives for translation; the importance of considering the losers of the research; and sharing the burden of uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Bruce Small Sustainability models are analysed and the ontological relationship between the dimensions of sustainability are discussed. A sustainable values framework generated from some New Zealand research is presented. The focus is then narrowed predominantly to social sustainability and technological development. It may be argued that in democratic societies the science community and the government have a duty to take into account the attitudes, values and beliefs of the public, regarding development of Promethean technologies. However, attitudes, values and beliefs about technologies evolve and change across time, place and culture. Different stakeholder groups may contest sustainable development of a new technology in at least two different ways: firstly, facts regarding the effects of the technology may be disputed (i.e. the science is contested) and; secondly, normative values regarding the technology and its applications may also be contested.

Achievement of an esthetic single-tooth restoration in the anterior segment is a difficult task for the restorative dentist. A case is described in which two congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors were replaced with single-tooth implants. A new technique was used to restore the teeth provisionally with a polyethylene ribbon and resin replacement. Light-cured staining systems for acrylic resins and ceramics were employed to customize both the provisional and final restorations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reflexive monitors (RMs) have been found to be vital to the success of co-innovation projects. While the practices utilized by RMs have been examined in various contexts, we examine the roles they have played in a new cultural context in New Zealand (NZ) and how it has been possible to embed these roles in a diverse range of innovation projects in the primary sector. This article will address this gap in terms of explaining the case-specific behaviours that have been utilized in six different co-innovation projects in the NZ agricultural innovation system. Qualitative data from interviews with five RMs will be used to argue that RMs are a key component in the co-innovation process and are required to play diverse roles depending on project circumstances to enhance system innovation - for example, devil's advocate, project supporter, consensus seeker, conflict mediator, critical enquirer or encourager. The findings have implications for the characteristics that make a good RM in terms of openness to new ideas, facilitation and critical thinking skills and how they report on the practice of monitoring a project reflexively utilizing monitoring and evaluation techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study provides empirical evidence of the link between outlook and practice among farmers, foresters, and growers in New Zealand. Specifically, we use a large, nationally representative survey to assess how foci on production and environmental outcomes influence the adoption of six good management practices aimed at increasing agricultural sustainability. We then show that while environmentally oriented and production-oriented decision-makers are statistically more prepared to take risks, all rural decision-makers are more likely to adopt new technologies and good practices after seeing their relative advantages successfully demonstrated. Next, we show that social and professional networks are small, often limited to five or fewer operators, which begs the question about how the risk-averse operators become informed about good practice. Hence, we ultimately analyse trust in order to identify other credible demonstrators or informants. We find that veterinarians are the most trusted source of information and that government (at all levels) is the least. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recently implemented research and development (R&D) programme in New Zealand is attempting to implement co-innovation principles throughout the country's agricultural sector. It is based on an agricultural innovation systems (AIS) approach, using five innovation platforms (IPs) based in the leading industries, plus a national-level IP. This paper presents and analyses the emerging challenges of operationalizing transdisciplinary research connected to co-innovation in the context of the programme. The main challenges relate to managing the complexity of a multi-stakeholder network, aligning the formal procedures for research funding and IPs with a co-innovation approach that requires flexibility, and changing participants' framing of innovation from linear to interactive models. Our conclusion is that 'learning by doing' is essential in operationalizing coinnovation. Its practical implications still need to be translated into institutional changes in the national R&D structures so that policies, instruments and incentives enable co-innovation. It is envisaged that the higher-level innovation platform will drive these changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the importance of incorporating laboratory work and restorative techniques in dental schools. It presents simple steps to help in pouring an articulated die model and trimming the die for a single crown. The article states that laboratory work done in-house is not only advantageous for the patient but also is practical for the practice.

The article describes the case of a 58-year-old woman who was referred to an oral surgeon for extraction of teeth numbers 8 and 9 prior to the construction of a six-unit bridge from teeth number 6. An adequate amount of bone present supporting the existing roots was noticed. Two central incisors were temporarily restored first before orthodontic therapy.

The article describes a dental case which shows inadequate restorative environment that was changed using periodontal surgery and pre-prosthetic laboratory work. The case involves a 65-year-old woman who complained of a four-unit bridge that had been remade and re-cemented in the previous years. The treatment plan for the patient include referring her to a periodontist to perform crown lengthening on both arches and doing a pre-treatment wax-up using new mounted study models.

The article describes an impression technique that can be used in a patient with gingival problems. An annealed copper band a stock metal tray was used in this technique. Information on the patient's radiograph results and medical history is provided. To restore the missing tooth structure, pins were placed and a composite material was employed. It notes that a proper size copper band is important in this technique.

The article describes the case of a 40-year-old woman with implants in maxillary central incisor sites who designed improved esthetics. It cites the need for the restoration of four incisors to provide ideal esthetics and proportional tooth size. It mentions the selection of zirconia abutments and all-ceramic crowns to prevent further show-through of metal. Particular focus is given to the clinical procedures, which started with the patient's anesthesization and removal of provisional crowns.

The article discusses a case report on the restoration of a fixed full-arch implant-supported failure on a 55-year-old man. In the report, the provisional construction, mandibular reconstruction, and maxillary arch reconstruction were performed following a comprehensive examination. The report pinpoints the less than ideal occlusion, as the cause of failure, before any work was performed.

The exploratory study aimed to understand the range of community responses to three pest eradication technologies proposed for use in New Zealand and to examine community perceptions of past incursion responses, with the aim of improving future responses. Qualitative techniques were used to elicit information from a small group of people selected from the general public, the Department of Conservation and three government councils. Participants were fairly trusting of the basic information provided to them about the three technologies, and as a result were generally accepting of aerial spraying of pheromones and sterile insect technology. However, the use of aerial sprays presented some concerns. More in-depth information, the manner in which it was presented, and how the community was be included in the decision-making process were likely to be the significant influences in predicting the public response to eradication attempts in the future. Recommendations for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the factors that must be considered in full-arch restorative dentistry. It emphasizes the need for dentists to consider the type of restorative procedure needed, the strength and aesthetic of materials being used and the available amount of tooth structure when preparing for full-arch restoration. The author also notes the decisions that the operating dentist must make in relation to impressions, bite registration and material choice.

Some conventional building design, construction and maintenance practices create conditions that are capable of causing illness in healthy individuals or exacerbating illness in already sensitized individuals. Staying in faulty building environments may unnecessarily prolong environmental-related illness. Physician and patient awareness of such common building failures may help to diagnose environmental triggers of current illness. Architects would benefit from collaboration with environmental physicians to understand the importance of healthier building design to building occupants. Architectural education and practice is slowly incorporating better methods, often in the context of greening and sustainability. Architects are presently being advised that the needs of approximately 15% of the general population who are significantly sensitive cannot be ignored in building design. The author reviews a number of building failures and itemizes a set of relatively simple principles and design concepts that would help create new and renovated buildings that are healthier than current buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is strong support for the view that the ventricular myocardium has a laminar organization in which myocytes are grouped into branching layers separated by cleavage planes. However, understanding of the extent and functional implications of this architecture has been limited by the lack of a systematic three-dimensional description of the organization of myocytes and associated perimysial collagen. We imaged myocytes and collagen across the left ventricular wall at high resolution in seven normal rat hearts using extended volume confocal microscopy. We developed novel reconstruction and segmentation techniques necessary for the quantitative analysis of three-dimensional myocyte and perimysial collagen organization. The results confirm that perimysial collagen has an ordered arrangement and that it defines a laminar organization. Perimysial collagen is composed of three distinct forms: extensive meshwork on laminar surfaces, convoluted fibers connecting adjacent layers, and longitudinal cords. While myolaminae are the principal form of structural organization throughout most of the wall, they are not seen in the subepicardium, where perimysial collagen is present only as longitudinal cords. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assesses on the attitudes of individuals within the science community towards a program to produce genetically modified cattle for altered milk composition, expectantly allowing for research into the treatment of multiple sclerosis in humans. Favorable attitudes of the majority of the respondents of an electronic survey; Diversification of beliefs and attitudes towards genetic modification within the science community; Opinion of the respondents that the diversity of beliefs could be better used to help shape public policy and understanding of biotechnology.

The socio-environmental challenges the world faces are 'swamps': situations that are messy, complex, and uncertain. The aim of this paper is to help disciplinary scientists navigate these swamps. To achieve this, the paper evaluates an integrative framework designed for researching complex real-world problems, the Integration and Implementation Science (i2S) framework. As a pilot study, we examine seven inter and transdisciplinary agri-environmental case studies against the concepts presented in the i2S framework, and we hypothesise that considering concepts in the i2S framework during the planning and delivery of agri-environmental research will increase the usefulness of the research for next users. We found that for the types of complex, real-world research done in the case studies, increasing attention to the i2S dimensions correlated with increased usefulness for the end users. We conclude that using the i2S framework could provide handrails for researchers, to help them navigate the swamps when engaging with the complexity of socio-environmental problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of female patient who presented for an implant restorative consultation. It was decided to construct a customized tray for an open tray impression because the 4 implants were not placed parallel to each other. This concept makes taking of impressions easier for the operator and tolerable for the patient.

The article provides a literature survey of methods used for taking dental impressions in the clinical setting. These studies report on several aspects including metal, plastic, dual-arch and full-arch trays. The survey results show that the use of dual-arch metal trays is advisable. The various factors to be considered while taking impressions have been discussed including the size of the impression syringe and the necessity of a dry field.

The article discusses factors to consider in choosing materials and techniques for restoring anterior teeth. Dentists are advised to remember the limits of the direct composite method of restoring teeth and talking with the patient about possibly replacing veneers with crowns. The importance of understanding occlusion is emphasized.

The article describes the case of a 17-year-old girl with two bonded direct composite resin restoration and a chief complaint of enamel hypocalcification. Conservative preparations were made on the teeth and impressions were taken after placement of retraction cord. The case presented shows that bleaching the teeth can lessen the difference between the white spots and the body shade of the other teeth.

The article offers information on restorative dentistry to educate and motivate patients. During the first visit, it says, a comprehensive examination will be performed including clinical charting of mobility, recording of periodontal pockets and furcation as well as full-mouth radiographs and extra- and intraoral photographs. It also notes the data collection, consultation and discussion of treatment options.

The article provides guidelines for dentists on when to refer patients to a specialist. It states that the physical or personality traits of the patient is a valid reason to refer a patient as well as the ability of the patient to understand the treatment. It notes that dentists without training should not place implants in order to avoid possible problems.