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Electrochemical hydrocarboxylation of enol acetates with CO 2 is developed. The disclosed process provides β-acetoxycarboxylic acids in 25-66% yields, in contrast to the electrolysis of ketones, silyl enol ethers and vinyl tosylates with CO 2 , which leads mainly to alcohols.

In the title salt, C 15 H 12 FN 2 O + ·Cl - ·H 2 O, the imidazo[1,2- a ]pyridin-1-ium ring system of the cation is almostly planar [maximum deviaition = -0.047 (2) Å for the ring C atom with the attached arene ring] and forms a dihedral angle of 61.81 (6)° with the plane of the fluoro-phenyl ring. In the crystal, water mol-ecules form an R 2 4 (8) motif parallel to the (100) plane by bonding with the chloride ions via O-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds. The cations are connected along the b axis via N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the O atoms of water mol-ecules, and C-H⋯O, C-H⋯Cl and π-π inter-actions [centroid-to-centroid distance = 3.6195 (8) Å] form layers parallel to the (100) plane. Furthermore, these layers are connected via π-π inter-actions [centroid-to-centroid distance = 3.8051 (9) Å] that further consolidate the crystal structure., (© Guseinov et al. 2023.)

To meet the increasing needs of fuels, especially non-fossil fuels, the production of "bio-oil" is proposed and many efforts have been undertaken to find effective ways to transform bio-wastes into valuable substances to obtain the fuels and simultaneously reduce carbon wastes, including CO 2 . This work is devoted to the gasification of sugar cane bagasse to produce CO in the process assisted by CO 2 . The metals were varied (Fe, Co, or Ni), along with their amounts, in order to find the optimal catalyst composition. The materials were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electron diffraction, and were tested in the process of CO 2 -assisted gasification. The catalysts based on Co and Ni demonstrate the best activity among the investigated systems: the conversion of CO 2 reached 88% at ~800 °C (vs. 20% for the pure sugarcane bagasse). These samples contain metallic Co or Ni, while Fe is in oxide form.