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The process of industrialization and urbanization has been affecting the concept and practice of marital relations in general and of communities in the outskirts of industrial zones in particular. This impact process is clearly shown in the trend of late marriage, wide connection radius, variable selection standards for communication systems. The right to decide on marriage gradually shifts from parents to children, the model of residence and cohabitation after marriage is more independent, the trend of early household separation of newlywed couples. In addition, industrialization and urbanization also have the effect of making marital relationships looser, including the right to decide on marriage, the model of residence and living together after marriage. Research on the right to decide on marriage of the residential community on the outskirts of Le Mon industrial zone, Thanh Hoa city will focus on analyzing the right to decide on marriage, the time of marriage, and the impact of the issue on the right to decide on marriage of the suburban residential community, before and after the establishment of an industrial park in Le Mon industrial park, Thanh Hoa city.

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Introduction: Relapsed SCLC is characterized by therapeutic resistance and high mortality rate. Despite decades of research, mechanisms responsible for therapeutic resistance have remained elusive owing to limited tissues available for molecular studies. Thus, an unmet need remains for molecular characterization of relapsed SCLC to facilitate development of effective therapies. Methods: We performed whole-exome and transcriptome sequencing of metastatic tumor samples procured from research autopsies of five patients with relapsed SCLC. We implemented bioinformatics tools to infer subclonal phylogeny and identify recurrent genomic alterations. We implemented immune cell signature and single-sample gene set enrichment analyses on tumor and normal transcriptome data from autopsy and additional primary and relapsed SCLC data sets. Furthermore, we evaluated T cell-inflamed gene expression profiles in neuroendocrine (ASCL1, NEUROD1) and non-neuroendocrine (YAP1, POU2F3) SCLC subtypes. Results: Exome sequencing revealed clonal heterogeneity (intertumor and intratumor) arising from branched evolution and identified resistance-associated truncal and subclonal alterations in relapsed SCLC. Transcriptome analyses further revealed a noninflamed phenotype in neuroendocrine SCLC subtypes (ASCL1, NEUROD1) associated with decreased expression of genes involved in adaptive antitumor immunity whereas non-neuroendocrine subtypes (YAP1, POU2F3) revealed a more inflamed phenotype. Conclusions: Our results reveal substantial tumor heterogeneity and complex clonal evolution in relapsed SCLC. Furthermore, we report that neuroendocrine SCLC subtypes are immunologically cold, thus explaining decreased responsiveness to immune checkpoint blockade. These results suggest that the mechanisms of innate and acquired therapeutic resistances are subtype-specific in SCLC and highlight the need for continued investigation to bolster therapy selection and development for this cancer.

The expression of emotions in human communication plays a very important role in the information that needs to be conveyed to the partner. The forms of expression of human emotions are very rich. It could be body language, facial expressions, eye contact, laughter, and tone of voice. The languages of the world’s peoples are different, but even without understanding a language in communication, people can almost understand part of the message that the other partner wants to convey with emotional expressions as mentioned. Among the forms of human emotional expression, the expression of emotions through voice is perhaps the most studied. This article presents our research on speech emotion recognition using deep neural networks such as CNN, CRNN, and GRU. We used the Interactive Emotional Dyadic Motion Capture (IEMOCAP) corpus for the study with four emotions: anger, happiness, sadness, and neutrality. The feature parameters used for recognition include the Mel spectral coefficients and other parameters related to the spectrum and the intensity of the speech signal. The data augmentation was used by changing the voice and adding white noise. The results show that the GRU model gave the highest average recognition accuracy of 97.47%. This result is superior to existing studies on speech emotion recognition with the IEMOCAP corpus.

Crisis management can be essential in enhancing the working of state-owned enterprises. In global economic conditions, the operation of enterprises is developed in an insecure environment. The management of the crisis can be considered as a specific method of the stateowned enterprises in order to prevent and dominate proceedings that may endanger or impede the further existence of the enterprises. By systematizing theoretical issues and providing empirical evidence, the paper clarifies the influence of factors affecting crisis management at state-owned enterprises in the context of exogenous shocks like the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper uses the Exploratory Factor Analysis and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique to identify the influence of the factors on crisis management in state-owned enterprises with 259 civil servants. The findings show that the policy dimension is the most important factor that contributes 40% toward the overall crisis management, followed by the leadership traits and skills dimension (23%). Besides, this study proposes some recommendations to enhance the crisis management of state-owned enterprises in the context of exogenous shocks in Vietnam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Application of microcapsules in medical textile has been studied and commercially developed widely in recent years. The aim of this work was to propose an eco-friendly microencapsulation by solvent evaporation method that can contribute to the manufacture of medical textile products using microcapsules. Quillaja saponin was used as bio-sourced surfactant and ethyl acetate was used as the less toxic, non-halogenated organic solvent. The influences of saponin concentration, stirring speed during emulsification step and the volume of ethyl acetate used to saturate the aqueous phase before emulsification on the microcapsule size and morphology were investigated. The results showed that eudragit microcapsules of ibuprofen with diameter in range from 17 to 34 µm, which were suitable for medical textile applications, were successfully elaborated. The saponin concentration varied from 0.025 to 0.1 wt%. The stirring speed was changed from 700 to 600 rpm. The volume of ethyl acetate used in saturation step was 0, 8 and 12 ml. In the scope of investigation, the saponin concentration and the volume of ethyl acetate used in saturation step did affect the microcapsule size and morphology while the stirring speed did not. The saturation step really helped to reduce the formation of irregular microparticles and to narrow the size distribution, but the microcapsules became more porous, weaker and were deformed significantly by drying in the fabric treatment process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper systematizes the theoretical foundation and empirical evidence of the impact of leadership behavior on entrepreneurship in state-owned enterprises, and the difference between state-owned enterprises that applied management based on the accountability of leaders, and those that did not. The paper uses the OLS regression model to identify the impact of leadership behavior on the entrepreneurship of state-owned enterprises by using data from a survey of 259 civil servants in Vietnamese state-owned enterprises. In our sample, 109 respondents belonged to the category of state-owned enterprises that did not apply management based on accountability, and 140 were state-owned enterprises that applied management based on accountability. The findings show that leadership behavior has a positive impact on the entrepreneurship of state-owned enterprises that do and do not apply management based on accountability, with results of 0.305 and 0.022, respectively. Moreover, the regression model is used to identify the factors that influence leadership behavior, including vision and wage policy having a statistical significance and positive impact on the leadership behaviors in all the state-owned enterprises. Additionally, some factors, including policy building, hi-tech usage, culture, teamwork, and training policy have positive impacts on leadership behavior in Model 1, and encouragement, monitoring, responsibility, and recruitment policy had positive impacts in Model 2 among the state enterprises. Additionally, this paper recommends some policies to promote leadership behavior in state enterprises in Vietnam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For human-machine communication to be as effective as human-tohuman communication, research on speech emotion recognition is essential. Among the models and the classifiers used to recognize emotions, neural networks appear to be promising due to the network's ability to learn and the diversity in configuration. Following the convolutional neural network, a capsule neural network (CapsNet) with inputs and outputs that are not scalar quantities but vectors allows the network to determine the part-whole relationships that are specific 6 for an object. This paper performs speech emotion recognition based on CapsNet. The corpora for speech emotion recognition have been augmented by adding white noise and changing voices. The feature parameters of the recognition system input are mel spectrum images along with the characteristics of the sound source, vocal tract and prosody. For the German emotional corpus EMODB, the average accuracy score for 4 emotions, neutral, boredom, anger and happiness, is 99.69%. For Vietnamese emotional corpus BKEmo, this score is 94.23% for 4 emotions, neutral, sadness, anger and happiness. The accuracy score is highest when combining all the above feature parameters, and this score increases significantly when combining mel spectrum images with the features directly related to the fundamental frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The LGBT community faces disproportionate healthcare disparities; poorly trained providers and stigma are likely contributors. Objectives: To evaluate the attitudes, opinions, and knowledge level of medical students regarding LGBT people and to examine which demographic variables are associated with more negative attitudes toward LGBT people. A cross-sectional study surveyed 561 medical students at Hanoi Medical University. Students held positive or very positive attitudes of both lesbians (96.3%) and gay men (88.1%). Students who were younger, female, and those with close relationships to LGBT people tended to have more positive attitudes toward gays and lesbians. The average score for the knowledge scale was 12.5 (total 32 questions) with a standard deviation of 4.7. Knowledge scores and positives attitudes were significantly, directly associated. Most students responded that there should be more LGBT-related content added in the curriculum. More research is needed regarding students in other health professions and at other institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the effects of different placement methods of applying slow-release fertilizer on the growth and foliar nutrients of three contrasting tree species (i.e., fast-growing Betula platyphylla and Larix kaempferi and slow-growing Chamaecyparis obtusa) to provide implications for increasing their growth and survival in marginal forest lands. We applied 84 g pot-1 of solid compound fertilizer (SCF) at different positions: no fertilization (CON), subsurface placement (SCFs), and bottom placement [35-cm depth (SCFb)] in a greenhouse condition. Results revealed that the height and RCD (root collar diameter) of the three species had the highest growth under SCFs. Total biomass across SCFs, SCFb, and CON ordered as follows 130, 72, and 28 g seedling-1 in B. platyphylla, 89, 38, and 27 g seedling-1 in L. kaempferi, and 61, 24, and 23 g seedling-1 in C. obtusa. In contrast, SCFb resulted in the highest root length across the treatments in all species. The root biomass allocation was also higher in SCFb (28%-40%) than that of SCFs (12%-24%). SCFs had higher N uptake in all species than the other treatments. In conclusion, SCFs has shown to be the most effective placement method of SCF application for increasing aboveground biomass and nutrient (N) acquisition, while SCFb was the placement effective for increasing root length and root biomass growth in all species. These results are relevant to the promotion of ecofriendly and cost-effective fertilization approach of increasing growth and survival of economically important forest tree species, especially in steep slope and erosion-prone areas or marginal forest lands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study focuses on analyzing the change of lineages relationship in the village in Dong Son district, Thanh Hoa province, Vietnam from 1986 up to now. To achieve the goal, in this study, we surveyed 101 households living in the study area. The analysis results have shown that 4 main factors are creating the lineage change in the village of Dong Son district, including (i) Changing the lineages relationship from the perspective of the family, (ii) Lineages relations with changes in residence space, (iii) Changing lineages relations in economic activities, mutual assistance, (iv) Changing lineages relations in social life. In which, the most obvious change is the change in the lineages relationship from the perspective of the family after the Doi Moi period. The research results contribute to a study on the lineages relationship in the Doi Moi period through some typical village types in Vietnam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, amorphous Ti-doped WO3 films with interpenetrated porous networks were successfully fabricated via a facile sol–gel method by using a hydrolysis-tolerant titanium coupling agent (TCA) as a Ti-dopant. We found that the TCA played multiple roles in forming electrochromic WO3 films. First, introducing a TCA into an acetylated peroxotungstic acid (A-PTA) precursor sol was found to prolong the shelf life, which is crucial for practical application. Second, the TCA also acted as a pore-forming agent to form an inter-penetrated porous network in the resultant amorphous WO3 films by annealing at 250 °C. Finally, the TCA generated a higher degree of oxygen vacancy in WO3 films than that in pure WO3 films. Combining all these properties, 8 wt% TCA-doped WO3 films exhibit much larger optical contrast, a faster switching speed and a higher coloration efficiency compared with the corresponding neat WO3 film. The superior electrochromic performances of the TCA-doped WO3 film were attributed to the synergistic effects of the porous structure and oxygen vacancies on the WO3 film, which facilitate the charge-transfer and promote the electrolyte infiltration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alternative, collaborative, complimentary, integrative, natural, unconventional and holistic are the terms that are used to describe that do not conform to mainstream allopathic/western/orthodox health approaches. WHO supports traditional and alternative medicines when these have demonstrated benefits for the patient with minimal risks. In general, the harder a medical problem is to treat, the more treatment strategies exist. Patients and physicians are constantly looking for alternatives to drug therapy. Empirical and scientific evidence exists to support the benefits of acupuncture, manual therapies and several medicinal plants for chronic or mild conditions. For instance, the effectiveness of acupuncture, a popular treatment for relieving pain, has been demonstrated both through numerous clinical trials and laboratory experiments. As a result, 90% of pain clinics in the United Kingdom and 70% in Germany include acupuncture as a form of treatment. Acupressure is an easier form of Acupuncture wherein this technique of applying gentle pressure to various 'pressure points' on the body is used to cure various Diseases including relief of Pain. The aim of this paper is to give a introduction to acupuncture/acupressure to the general dental practitioner and to understand its history, background, current trends, the relevance and the possibilities of its practice in dentistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is used in applications where inorganic material layers with uniform thickness down to the nanometer range are required. For such thicknesses, the growth mode, defining how the material is arranged on the surface during the growth, is of critical importance. In this work, the growth mode of the zirconium tetrachloride/water and the trimethyl aluminum/water ALD process on hydrogen-terminated silicon was investigated by combining information on the total amount of material deposited with information on the surface fraction of the material. The total amount of material deposited was measured by Rutherford backscattering, x-ray fluorescence, and inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy, and the surface fractions by low-energy ion scattering. Growth mode modeling was made assuming two-dimensional growth or random deposition (RD), with a “shower model” of RD recently developed for ALD. Experimental surface fractions of the ALD-grown zirconium oxide and aluminum oxide films were lower than the surface fractions calculated assuming RD, suggesting the occurrence of island growth. Island growth was confirmed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements, from which the island size and number of islands per unit surface area could also be estimated. The conclusion of island growth for the aluminum oxide deposition on hydrogen-terminated silicon contradicts earlier observations. In this work, physical aluminum oxide islands were observed in TEM after 15 ALD reaction cycles. Earlier, thicker aluminum oxide layers have been analyzed, where islands have not been observed because they have already coalesced to form a continuous film. The unreactivity of hydrogen-terminated silicon surface towards the ALD reactants, except for reactive defect areas, is proposed as the origin of island growth. Consequently, island growth can be regarded as “undesired surface-selective ALD.” [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels might inaccurately represent long-term glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) owing to anaemia. Fructosamine, which reflects glycaemic control, remains unaffected by anaemia. Material and methods: This study sought to assess whether fructosamine levels or fructosamine-albumin (FA) ratios could be biomarkers for glycaemic control in T2DM patients, with and without CKD. HbA1c and fructosamine levels were measured, and comparisons were made using the area under the curve and receiver operating characteristic curves. Youden's index was utilized to pinpoint the cut-off points. Predictive values for complications were also assessed. Results: Our study underscores the close association between HbA1c and blood glucose concentrations among T2DM patients, regardless of kidney function status (r = 0.758). Conversely, fructosamine levels and FA ratios only displayed moderate correlations with FBG among those without CKD (r = 0.466 and r = 0.436, respectively). In a similar manner, the estimated blood glucose (eBG) levels derived from HbA1c were better than the ones from fructosamine levels and FA ratios in terms of comparation to actual fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels across various eGFR levels. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that HbA1c remains a conventional gauge for glycaemic control among T2DM outpatients, regardless of CKD status. However, for short-term glycaemic monitoring in T2DM outpatients with CKD and low eGFR levels, fructosamine, and FA ratios emerge as potential biomarkers worthy of consideration.

Taking that higher education is career-oriented, this study examines how Vietnamese undergraduate students engage with their study and how the factors related to the training program and occupation’s prospects contribute to students’ engagement with their study. The study applies a mixed-method approach. Self-administered questionnaire survey is used to collect data from 973 Vietnamese undergraduate students, of which 48.2% are social work students and 51.8% are non-social work students. In addition, the study conducts 27 semi-structured interviews with students and lecturers to explore their perspective and experiences with regard to students’ study engagement and the factors involved. The results show that social work students are more engaged with their study than non-social work students, even though they feel more worried about job opportunity and income. Approximately one-third of social work students consider not to pursue social work profession when they graduate mostly because they believe that working in social work cannot provide them the income they need for their living. However, the results also show that students’ satisfaction/dissatisfaction with income in their field was not statistically related to their study engagement. Instead, feeling of personal growth, opportunity to perform personal ability, sense of significance, convenient access to study materials and activities, and feeling proud of their school and lecturers’ prestige are found positively associated with students’ level of study engagement. The study hence provides some recommendations for educators to strengthen students’ study engagement at higher education level.

(1) Background: The detection of methylated SEPT9 (mSEPT9) in plasma is a promising approach to non-invasive colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. Traditional approaches have limitations in sensitivity and cost-effectiveness, particularly in resource-limited settings. (2) Methods: We developed a semi-nested realtime PCR assay utilizing extendable blocking probes (ExBP) to enhance the detection of low-level mSEPT9 based on DNA melting. This assay allows for the discrimination of mSEPT9 in the presence of high concentrations of non-methylated SEPT9 (up to 100,000 times higher). (3) Results: The assay demonstrated a sensitivity of 73.91% and specificity of 80%, showcasing its ability to detect very low levels of methylated DNA effectively. The innovative use of ExBP without costly modified probes simplifies the assay setup and reduces the overall costs, enhancing its applicability in diverse clinical settings. (4) Conclusions: This novel assay significantly improves the detection of mSEPT9, offering a potential advance in CRC screening and monitoring. Its cost-efficiency and high sensitivity make it particularly suitable for the early detection and management of CRC, especially in settings with limited resources. Future studies are encouraged to validate this assay in larger populations to establish its clinical benefits and practical utility.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths globally, necessitating effective early detection methods. Traditional diagnostics like low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) often yield high false positive rates. SHOX2 gene methylation has emerged as a promising biomarker. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel semi-nested real-time PCR assay enhancing sensitivity and specificity for detecting SHOX2 methylation using extendable blocking probes (ExBPs). The assay integrates a semi-nested PCR approach with ExBPs, enhancing the detection of low-abundance methylated SHOX2 DNA amidst unmethylated sequences. It was tested on spiked samples with varied methylation levels and on clinical samples from lung cancer patients and individuals with benign lung conditions. The assay detected methylated SHOX2 DNA down to 0.01%. Clinical evaluations confirmed its ability to effectively differentiate between lung cancer patients and those with benign conditions, demonstrating enhanced sensitivity and specificity. The use of ExBPs minimized non-target sequence amplification, crucial for reducing false positives. The novel semi-nested real-time PCR assay offers a cost-effective, highly sensitive, and specific method for detecting SHOX2 methylation, enhancing early lung cancer detection and monitoring, particularly valuable in resource-limited settings.

Abstract α-Thalassemia is a common inherited blood disorder manifested mainly by the deletions of α-globin genes. In geographical areas with high carrier frequencies, screening of α-thalassemia carrier state is therefore of vital importance. This study presents a novel method for identifying female carriers of common α-thalassemia deletions using samples routinely taken for non-invasive prenatal tests for screening of fetal chromosomal aneuploidies. A total of 68,885 Vietnamese pregnant women were recruited and α-thalassemia statuses were determined by gap-PCR, revealing 5344 women (7.76%) carried deletions including αα/−−SEA (4.066%), αα/−α3.7 (2.934%), αα/−α4.2 (0.656%), and rare genotypes (0.102%). A two-stage model was built to predict these α-thalassemia deletions from targeted sequencing of the HBA gene cluster on maternal cfDNA. Our method achieved F1-scores of 97.14–99.55% for detecting the three common genotypes and 94.74% for detecting rare genotypes (−α3.7/−α4.2, αα/−−THAI, −α3.7/−−SEA, −α4.2/−−SEA). Additionally, the positive predictive values were 100.00% for αα/αα, 99.29% for αα/−−SEA, 94.87% for αα/−α3.7, and 96.51% for αα/−α4.2; and the negative predictive values were 97.63%, 99.99%, 99.99%, and 100.00%, respectively. As NIPT is increasingly adopted for pregnant women, utilizing cfDNA from NIPT to detect maternal carriers of common α-thalassemia deletions will be cost-effective and expand the benefits of NIPT.

Over the last three decades, Vietnam has undergone economic reforms and achieved rapid economic growth. However, the country is still facing numerous challenges linked to a relatively high share of employment in an informal economic sector, which could prevent Vietnam from escaping from the middle-income trap and becoming a high-income country. This research explores the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on job creation in the formal economic sector of Vietnam. A subnational dataset of 63 cities/provinces from 2006 to 2020 was analyzed using an instrumental variable two-stage least-squares fixed-effect model. The results show that FDI is an employment growth-enhancing factor in the formal economic sector. Specifically, FDI enterprises are found to be more capable than domestic enterprises in creating employment, and there is a positive employment spillover from the foreign to the domestic sector, although the magnitude of the effect remains small. Apart from FDI, firm agglomeration, capital resource productivity, and government support for sector development spur employment growth. Labor quality, profitability and foreign industrial agglomeration are identified to be determinants of FDI. Furthermore, the impact mechanism of FDI on the formal sector’s employment is further discussed using mindspongeconomics, the SM3D knowledge management system, and the culture tower.