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Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: The aetiology of mental disorders involves genetic and environmental factors, both reflected in family health history. We examined the intergenerational transmission of multiple mental disorders from parents and grandparents using population-based, objectively measured family histories. Methods: This population-based retrospective cohort study used administrative healthcare databases in Manitoba, Canada and included adults living in Manitoba from 1977 to 2020 with linkages to at least one parent and one grandparent. Index date was when individuals turned 18 or 1 April 1977, whichever occurred later. Mental disorder diagnoses (mood and anxiety, substance use and psychotic disorders) were identified in individuals, parents and grandparents from hospitalization and outpatient records. Cox proportional hazards regression models included sociodemographic characteristics, individual's comorbidity and mental disorder history in a grandparent, mother and father. Results: Of 109,359 individuals with no mental disorder prior to index date, 47.1% were female, 36.3% had a mental disorder during follow-up, and 90.9% had a parent or grandparent with a history of a mental disorder prior to the index date. Both paternal and maternal history of a mental disorder increased the risk of the disorder in individuals. Psychotic disorders had the strongest association with parental history and were mostly influenced by paternal (hazards ratio [HR] 3.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.99 to 4.64) compared to maternal history (HR 2.23, 95% CI, 1.89 to 2.64). Grandparent history was independently associated with the risk of all mental disorders but had the strongest influence on substance use disorders (HR 1.42, 95% CI, 1.34 to 1.50). Conclusions: Parental history of mental disorders was associated with an increased risk of all mental disorders. Grandparent history of mental disorders was associated with a small risk increase of the disorders above and beyond parental history influence. This three-generation study further highlights the need for family-based interventional programs in families affected by mental disorders. Plain Language Summary Title: The Intergenerational Transfer of Mental Illnesses Plain Language Summary: Objectives: Both genetics and environmental factors, such as poverty, maltreatment and parental education, have a role in the development of mental illnesses. Some genetic and environmental risk factors for mental illnesses are shared within families. We conducted a large study to test the extent to which mental illnesses are passed down through generations. Methods: This study used healthcare data from Manitoba, Canada captured during the delivery of healthcare services for administrative purposes. These data included all adults from 1977 to 2020 who had at least one parent and one grandparent with linked data. Mental illnesses were diagnosed in individuals, parents and grandparents by doctors during hospitalizations or physician visits. The illnesses included mood and anxiety, substance use, and psychotic illnesses. We estimated the likelihood of developing a mental illness when parents and/or grandparents had a mental illness as well. Results: The study included 109,359 individuals; a third developed a mental illness during the study period. The majority had a history of a mental illness in a parent or grandparent. We found that a history of mental illness in a mother and father increased the chance of developing the illness. Psychotic illnesses had the strongest relation with parental history. In particular, having a father with a psychotic illness increased the chance of developing the illness by four times. The likelihood of developing a mental illness was higher if a grandparent had a mental illness, above and beyond parental history influence, particularly for substance use disorders. Conclusions: Having a parent or grandparent with a mental illness increases an individual's chance of developing a mental illness. Family-based intervention programs are needed to support families affected by mental illnesses in coping with their heavy burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

EMI-ECO est une équipe mobile intervenant auprès des enfants âgés de moins de 12 ans confiés à l'aide sociale à l'enfance et qui a pour but un repérage/une évaluation des troubles du développement ou des troubles mentaux, une organisation des soins pour ces enfants mais aussi un travail partenarial avec l'ensemble des équipes prenant en charge ces jeunes (aide sociale a l'enfance, protection maternelle et infantile, Centre médico-psychologique/Centre médico-psycho-pédagogique). Les interventions sont intersectorielles dans une aire géographique correspondant aux intersecteurs de deux hôpitaux ayant créé l'équipe (AP–HM et CHS Valvert) soit le sud et l'est de Marseille, la Ciotat, Aubagne et Cassis. Ce territoire a été défini pour être cohérent et permettre une meilleure efficacité des interventions. Dans ce travail, nous présentons la mise en place et les premiers éléments d'activité d'un dispositif innovant, à savoir une équipe mobile intervenant au plus près du lieu de vie et dans l'écosystème des enfants confiés à l'aide sociale à l'enfance. Nous illustrerons également nos propos à travers deux cas cliniques d'enfants pris en charge par notre unité. La prise en charge de ces enfants implique un investissement réel du professionnel et un important travail de collaboration. Nous espérons que la présentation de notre dispositif permettra à d'autres équipes de s'en saisir et de l'adapter aux particularités de leur terrain d'intervention. EMI-ECO is a mobile team working with children under the age of 12 entrusted to the Children's Social Welfare Agency (Aide Sociale à l'Enfance). Its aim is to identify and assess developmental or mental disorders, organize care for these children and work in partnership with all the teams caring for these youngsters (Child Welfare Agency, Maternal and Child Protection, Centre médico-psychologique/Centre médico-psycho pédagogique). Intervention takes place across a geographical area corresponding to the intersectors of the two hospitals that created the team (AP–HM and CHS Valvert), i.e. the south and east of Marseille, La Ciotat, Aubagne and Cassis. This territory was defined to be coherent and to enable more effective interventions. In this work, we present the implementation and initial results of an innovative system, namely a mobile team working as close as possible to the living environment and ecosystem of children entrusted to the child welfare system. We will also illustrate our remarks with two clinical cases of children cared for by our unit. Caring for these children involves a real investment on the part of the professional and a major partnership effort. We hope that the presentation of our system will enable other teams to adopt it and adapt it to the particularities of their field of intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El personal de salud a través del tiempo ha demostrado ser fundamental para la preservación del bienestar del ser humano; sin embargo, la formación que debe llevar para lograrlo no es la fórmula para alcanzar su salud propia. El presente trabajo pretende analizar las principales adversidades que experimentan los estudiantes de medicina durante su proceso de formación profesional, con el fin de motivar las reformas de los campos formativos. Es una investigación documental con información basada en la evidencia científica. Se encuentra que en México y América Latina son muchos los médicos que ingresan a la licenciatura en medicina, pero a la vez existe un porcentaje elevado que desertan, lo cual está relacionado con padecimientos que atentan directamente contra su integridad, como ansiedad, depresión, burnout, ideación suicida, adicciones y otras condicionantes económicas, familiares y sociales. Se encontraron índices de deserción hasta del 25%, que se sostienen o incluso se elevan con el paso del tiempo, por lo que se requiere atender esta problemática, sensibilizar a los diferentes sectores de la sociedad, pues el personal médico pese al cansancio o la sobrecarga, aun así, otorga la atención requerida por los usuarios y usuarias, muchas veces a costa de su bienestar propio.

Copyright of Journal of Language & Literary Studies / Folia Linguistica & Litteraria is the property of Journal of Language & Literary Studies / Folia Linguistica & Litteraria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health is the property of Canadian Periodical for Community Studies Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ces dernières années, l'approche réseau de la psychopathologie a été proposée comme moyen alternatif de conceptualiser les troubles mentaux. Dans cette approche, les troubles mentaux résultent d'interactions directes entre les symptômes. Bien que l'approche réseau ait conduit à de nombreuses nouvelles méthodologies et à des applications notables, elle n'a pas encore été entièrement formulée en tant que théorie scientifique des troubles mentaux. L'article présent vise à développer une telle théorie, en postulant un ensemble limité de principes théoriques concernant la structure et la dynamique des réseaux de symptômes. La notion de lien causal, constituée par les symptômes de la psychopathologie, est au centre de cette théorie par le biais d'un certain nombre de mécanismes biologiques, psychologiques et sociaux. Si ces relations de cause à effet sont suffisamment fortes, les symptômes peuvent générer un niveau de rétroaction qui les auto-entretient. Dans ce cas, le réseau peut rester bloqué dans un état pathologique. La théorie des réseaux considère qu'il s'agit d'une caractéristique générale pour les troubles mentaux et que l'on peut donc comprendre ces derniers comme des états alternatifs stables de réseaux de symptômes fortement connectés. Cette idée conduit naturellement à un modèle général de la psychopathologie, intégrant à la fois un modèle explicatif commun pour les troubles mentaux et une nouvelle définition des concepts associés comme ceux de santé mentale, de résilience, de vulnérabilité et de handicap. En outre, la théorie des réseaux a des implications directes sur la manière de comprendre le diagnostic et le traitement, et elle suggère des pistes prometteuses pour les recherches futures en psychiatrie et dans les disciplines qui lui sont associées. In recent years, the network approach to psychopathology has been advanced as an alternative way of conceptualising mental disorders. In this approach, mental disorders arise from direct interactions between symptoms. Although the network approach has led to many novel methodologies and substantive applications, it has not yet been fully articulated as a scientific theory of mental disorders. The present paper aims to develop such a theory by postulating a limited set of theoretical principles regarding the structure and dynamics of symptom networks. At the heart of the theory lies the notion that symptoms of psychopathology are causally connected through myriads of biological, psychological and societal mechanisms. If these causal relations are sufficiently strong, symptoms can generate a level of feedback that renders them self-sustaining. In this case, the network can get stuck in a disorder state. The network theory holds that this is a general feature of mental disorders, which can therefore be understood as alternative stable states of strongly connected symptom networks. This idea naturally leads to a comprehensive model of psychopathology, encompassing a common explanatory model for mental disorders, as well as novel definitions of associated concepts such as mental health, resilience, vulnerability and liability. In addition, the network theory has direct implications for how to understand diagnosis and treatment, and suggests a clear agenda for future research in psychiatry and associated disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les personnes atteintes de troubles mentaux sont surreprésentées dans la population carcérale. Les tribunaux en santé mentale font partie de la justice résolutive de problèmes et visent à prendre en charge de manière globale les délinquants souffrant de troubles psychiques. Ces tribunaux représentent une alternative à la détention et sont basés sur la collaboration des services judiciaires et de santé mentale. Le premier tribunal en santé mentale a été créé en Floride en 1997 et il en existe maintenant plus de 300 aux États-Unis. À Lyon, en France, par le biais d'un travail avec l'équipe canadienne du tribunal de santé mentale de Montréal, a été créé en 2017 un nouveau programme appelé Contrainte Pénale Justice Thérapeutique (CPJT). Ce dispositif est également basé sur la collaboration des services de justice et de soins psychiatriques et addictologiques préexistants afin de traiter les délinquants récidivistes atteints de troubles psychiques et/ou addictifs. Le but de cet entretien avec Constance Baheux et le Dr Sabine Mouchet–Mages est de présenter les résultats des tribunaux en santé mentale américains et de présenter le dispositif de Contrainte Pénale Justice Thérapeutique mis en œuvre à Lyon en 2017. People with mental disorders are over-represented in the criminal justice system. Mental Heath Courts are problem-solving oriented courts developed as a means of providing treatment to individuals with mental illness involved in the criminal justice system in order to avoid recidivism and to improve access to community mental health care services. MHCs are an alternative to the incarceration and the innovation behind his model is the collaboration between the judiciary and mental health services. The first MHC was created in 1997 in Florida; there are now more than 300 such courts in the United States. In Lyon, France, thought work with Canadian team at the Montreal Mental Health court, a new program called Contrainte Pénale Justice Thérapeutique was created in 2016. CPJT is also based on the collaboration of legal, social and pre-existing mental health services in order to treat recidivist offenders suffering from psychiatric and/or addictive disorder. The aim of this interview with Constance Baheux and Dr Sabine Mouchet–Mages is to present the results of American mental health court in terms of effectiveness and to introduce the French program Contrainte Pénale Justice Thérapeutique in Lyon according to French law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholarship from the life-course paradigm has produced much evidence on the crime-reducing benefits of turning points such as securing a good job or developing a stable, positive relationship. Building on these insights, recent work has demonstrated the utility of incorporating health into the study of desistance; for various reasons, both mental and physical health statuses have been shown to influence the likelihood of achieving these key life-course milestones. What is less well understood, however, is how mental and physical health may interact with each other and how this model applies to certain salient subgroups in criminal justice, such as those with serious mental illnesses. Importing the mental health–crime literature, we examine both the main and synergistic effects of mental and physical health on employment focus and relationship worry among a sample of persons with serious mental illness (N = 184). Findings from logistic and ordinary least squares regression models reveal that better physical health is associated with improved employment focus and that this effect is moderated by mental health status. In addition, better physical health is associated with a decrease in worry over one's relationships. These findings point to the value of including physical and mental health states in life-course and desistance research, studies of persons with serious mental illnesses, and intervention and policy efforts to improve lives and promote desistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les patients atteints de troubles psychiatriques souffrent de problèmes somatiques nombreux et souvent mal pris en charge. Cette étude vise à établir le profil des patients avec comorbidités psychiatriques hospitalisés en médecine interne depuis les urgences et à comparer leurs durées de séjour avec celles des patients sans comorbidité psychiatrique. Cette étude observationnelle rétrospective sur données de soins collectées dans l'Entrepôt de Données de Santé de l'Assistance publique–Hôpitaux de Paris a inclus les patients hospitalisés après passage aux urgences, au cours de l'année 2017, dans 9 services de médecine interne. L'existence d'une comorbidité psychiatrique et le poids des comorbidités somatiques (score de Charlson) étaient déterminés par le codage diagnostique. Le score de Charlson et la durée moyenne de séjour étaient comparés entre les patients avec et sans comorbidités psychiatriques. Au total, 8981 séjours étaient inclus (8001 patients), dont 1867 (21 %) avec comorbidité psychiatrique. Après ajustement sur l'âge, le sexe, le service et le diagnostic principal, le score de Charlson moyen était supérieur de 0,68 chez les patients avec comorbidités psychiatriques (p < 0,001) et leur durée moyenne de séjour était supérieure de 30 % après ajustement supplémentaire sur le score de Charlson (p < 0,001). Ces différences étaient similaires dans les analyses restreintes à chacune des dix catégories majoritaires de diagnostic principal. Les patients avec comorbidités psychiatriques sont nombreux en hospitalisation d'aval des urgences. Ils ont des durées de séjour plus longues, incomplètement expliquées par des comorbidités somatiques plus lourdes. Une attention particulière doit être portée à cette population vulnérable. Patients with psychiatric disorders suffer from a higher rate of somatic disorders than those without psychiatric disorder, often inappropriately managed. Our study aimed to describe patients with psychiatric comorbidity in post-emergency internal medicine units and to compare their length of hospital stay to patients without psychiatric disease. This French cross sectional study used the data warehouse of the greater Paris hospitals. It included, all patients hospitalized through the emergency department in 9 internal medicine departments during the year 2017. Psychiatric disorders and the burden of somatic disorders (Charlson score) were determined through diagnostic coding. Charlson score and hospital length of stay were compared between patients with and without psychiatric comorbidity. In total, 8981 hospital stays (8001 patients) were included, 1867 (21%) with psychiatric comorbidity. After adjusting for age, gender, hospital and main diagnosis, the Charlson score was on average 0.68 higher in the psychiatric comorbidity group (P < 0.001) and the length of hospital stay was 30% higher after further adjustment on the Charlson score (P < 0.001). These differences were consistent for each main diagnosis. Patients with psychiatric comorbidity are frequent in post-emergency internal medicine wards. They experience longer hospital stays, only partly related with a higher burden of somatic disorders. Special attention should be paid to this vulnerable population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compte tenu de la prévalence relativement élevée des agressions sexuelles en Tunisie, une meilleure compréhension des auteurs d'agressions sexuelles revêt une grande importance juridique et scientifique dans la mesure où elle permet de mettre en place des mesures de prévention adaptées. De nombreuses recherches indiquent que les agresseurs sexuels présentent une prévalence élevée des troubles psychiatriques. Toutefois, très peu d'études ont examiné les agresseurs sexuels reconnus non pénalement responsables pour cause de troubles mentaux, malgré leur singularité. Nous nous sommes proposés d'étudier le profil des agresseurs sexuels reconnus non pénalement responsables pour cause de troubles mentaux en Tunisie, et d'étudier les facteurs associés à la récidive de l'agression sexuelle dans cette population. Nous avons mené une étude rétrospective. Nous avons recensé 57 dossiers d'agresseurs sexuels ayant été admis, au moins une fois, à l'unité de psychiatrie médicolégale de l'hôpital Razi entre le 1er janvier 1990 et le 31 juin 2019, après une décision d'irresponsabilité pénale pour cause de troubles mentaux. Les agresseurs sexuels inclus dans notre étude avaient un âge moyen de 34,4 ans, et étaient dans la majorité des cas célibataires (79 %) et sans emploi (60 %). La majorité des patients avaient un diagnostic de trouble psychotique (schizophrénie, trouble schizoaffectif ou trouble psychotique non spécifié dans 45 %, 7 % et 9 % respectivement), et plus de la moitié des patients (51 %, n = 29) avaient des antécédents d'abus de substance psychoactives. Une récidive de l'agression sexuelle a été retrouvée chez 14 % des patients (n = 8). Nous avons trouvé une différence statistiquement significative entre les groupes de récidivistes et de non-récidivistes concernant le nombre d'enfants (0,014), les antécédents personnels d'abus sexuel au cours de l'enfance (p = 0,019), et les antécédents personnels judiciaires (p < 0,0001). Les agresseurs sexuels hospitalisés en psychiatrie légale et reconnus pénalement non responsables constituent un groupe hétérogène du point de vue diagnostique, criminologique et évolutif. Une meilleure compréhension de la motivation de la personne à récidiver permettrait une meilleure prise en charge orientée vers les facteurs de risque de violence sexuelle spécifiques de cette population particulière. Given the relatively high prevalence of sexual assault in Tunisia, a better understanding of the sexual offenders is of great legal and scientific importance as it allows for appropriate prevention measures to be put in place. Many studies indicate that sex offenders have a high prevalence of psychiatric disorders. However, very few studies have examined sex offenders who are found not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder, despite their singularity. We aimed to study the profile of sexual Offenders Found Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity in Tunisia, and to study the factors associated with recidivism of sexual abuse in this population. We conducted a retrospective study. We identified 57 cases of sexual offenders who have been admitted at least once, to the forensic psychiatry unit in Razi Hospital between January 1st, 1990 and December 31st, 2019 after a decision of irresponsibility by reason of insanity. Sexual offenders included in our study had an average age of 34.4 years, and were mostly single (79%) and unemployed (60%). The majority of patients had a diagnosis of psychotic disorder (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or unspecified psychotic disorder in 45%, 7% and 9% of cases respectively), and more than half of the patients (51%, n = 29) had a history of substances use. A sexual recidivism was found in 14% of cases (n = 8). We found a statistically significant difference between recidivists and non-recidivists regarding the number of children (0.014), the personal history of sexual abuse during childhood (P = 0.019), and the criminal history (P < 0.0001). Sexual offenders admitted to forensic psychiatry constitute a heterogeneous group in terms of diagnosis, criminal trajectories and evolution. A better understanding of the patient's motivation to re-offend would lead to improved treatment by targeting specific recidivism risk factors for intervention in this particular population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Les conduites suicidaires sont en augmentation en Tunisie et touchent une population de plus en plus jeune. Le but de notre étude était de décrire le profil sociodémographique et clinique des tentatives de suicide chez l'enfant et l'adolescent. METHODES: cette étude était transversale et descriptive, incluant 50 suicidants, recrutés au service de pédopsychiatrie de l'Hôpital Razi de la Manouba et dans deux services de réanimation et de pédiatrie de Tunis, entre juillet 2012 et juin 2013. Ont été relevés les facteurs sociodémographiques et cliniques, les antécédents de maltraitance, la scolarité, les caractéristiques de la TS, l'intentionnalité suicidaire évaluée par le Suicide Intent Scale, et les troubles psychopathologiques à l'aide du Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. RESULTATS: le sex-ratio était de 0,56, la moyenne d'âge était de 12,4 ans avec des extrêmes de 7 à 16 ans. Un échec ou un fléchissement scolaire a concerné 86% des suicidants. Dans 38% des cas il s'agissait de récidive; des antécédents d'automutilations ont été retrouvés dans les mêmes proportions. Un contexte de maltraitance a été signalé dans 46% des cas. L'ingestion médicamenteuse était le moyen le plus fréquent, les psychotropes étant les plus représentés. Une différence significative entre le genre a été retrouvée dans le recours aux moyens suicidaires, ainsi les garçons ont eu davantage recours aux moyens physiques (p=0,04) et les filles aux intoxications (p=0,001). L'intentionnalité suicidaire était élevée dans 44%. Un épisode dépressif majeur et le trouble de l'adaptation étaient les troubles les plus fréquemment retrouvés dans respectivement 58% et 24% des cas. CONCLUSION: les troubles dépressifs et la maltraitance se dégagent comme des facteurs de risque des TS chez les enfants et les adolescents, ces facteurs doivent être pris en considération dans les stratégies de prévention du suicide dans cette population.

Nowadays, two distinct conceptualizations are available to classify, label and guide the treatment of psychiatric disorders: the diagnostic approach and the transdiagnostic approach. There are pros and cons to both approaches. We propose here to link these two conceptualizations by creating a two-level clinical model that takes advantages of both approaches, named the bifocal model (BFM). This two-tier clinical model consists of a double level of analysis: the first step is to identify transdiagnostic mechanisms involved in multiple disorders and then to recognize specific mechanisms identified in a given disorder or cluster of symptoms. Such a process would bring the diagnostic and transdiagnostic approaches together and offer a more flexible way to understand mental disorders and ultimately to improve medical outcomes., (Copyright © 2023 L'Encéphale, Paris. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Résumé En France, la question des troubles mentaux présentés par les détenus, prévenus ou condamnés, est un sujet de préoccupation ancien et récurrent. Des réponses sanitaires successives ont été apportées pour les prendre en charge. La dernière de ces réponses institutionnelles est la création des unités hospitalières spécialement aménagées (UHSA). Ces nouvelles unités de santé mentale, comme les soignants qui y travaillent, sont implantées dans des hôpitaux psychiatriques au cœur d'enceintes pénitentiaires. Dans cet entretien, Anne-Hélène Moncany et Dominique Dandelot, psychiatres responsables des UHSA de Toulouse et de Cadillac, évoquent les origines de ces structures, les profils des détenus/patients accueillis, les prises en charge qui y sont pratiquées et font un bilan de leur fonctionnement. Abstract In France, the question of mental disorder presented by detainees is an old, recurring subject of preoccupation. Successive healthcare responses have been provided in order to treat them. The latest of these institutional responses has been the creation of specially equipped hospital units: SEHU, in French 'Unités hospitalière spécialement aménagées' or UHSA. These new mental health units are – along with those who work in them – located in psychiatric hospitals inside prison enclosures. In this interview, Anne-Hélène Moncany and Dominique Dandelot, psychiatrists in management roles at two such units in Toulouse and Cadillac evoke the origins of these structures, the profiles of the detainees/patients looked after there and treatments administered there, taking stock of their respective establishments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L’objectif de l’article est de montrer comment le web offre des outils permettant aux personnes atteintes de troubles mentaux – qui peuvent entraîner des difficultés sociales et de communication ainsi que de la stigmatisation – de faire une mise en récit médiatique de leur expérience. L’analyse repose sur un cas particulier, une communauté en ligne sur les troubles du comportement alimentaire appelée « Les Brindilles ».The purpose of the article is to show how the web offers tools allowing people suffering from mental disorders – conditions that can lead to social and communication difficulties as well as stigmatization – to put their experience in a media narrative. The analysis is based on a particular case, an online community on eating disorders called "Les Brindilles".

La recherche biologique a produit des avancées majeures dans la compréhension de notre corps et, là où les systèmes dysfonctionnent, elle a abouti à des traitements pour y remédier, mais elle n'a pas apporté les mêmes résultats pour le psychisme. C'est parce qu'aucune preuve biologique causale n'a été trouvée pour les principaux troubles psychiques, en contraste avec la richesse des découvertes dans le domaine psychosocial. Cette disparité, quant aux diverses approches et les sources qui y sont consacrés, doit être corrigée. Biological research has produced major advances in our understanding of our bodies and, where systems go wrong, is producing remedies to address these, but it has yet to do the same for the mind. This is because no causative biological evidence has been found for the major mental disorders in contrast to the wealth of psychosocial findings. This disparity in regard and resource needs to be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health is the property of Canadian Periodical for Community Studies Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Swiss Journal of Sociology / Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health is the property of Canadian Periodical for Community Studies Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A new Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) guideline was published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal in 2016. This is relevant to the mental health field as mental health symptoms and psychiatric disorders are often identified as associated with and/or part of FASD presentations. Unfortunately, the new guideline has not advanced understanding of the interface between FASD and mental health problems; rather it may contribute to additional confusion. For example, a new recommendation to include additional mental health symptoms, such as anxiety and affect dysregulation, as manifestations contributing to a diagnosis of FASD is particularly concerning given the paucity of evidence supporting this assertion and the potential to distort delivery of mental health interventions for mental health problems. In addition, the guideline recommendation for introducing an "at risk for FASD" designation is not without risk. An appeal is made for greater scrutiny in the construction of diagnostic criteria and guidelines and for a more careful delineation of causal relationships and comorbidities to better inform the delivery of evidence-based mental health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health is the property of Canadian Periodical for Community Studies Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Promoting the cessation of smoking in mental healthcare is a priority of international health organizations as it is the most cost-effective intervention in psychiatry., Aim: To explore the representations of psychiatrists on their role in active smoking cessation prevention in severe psychiatric disorders., Methods: Psychiatrists and residents in psychiatry were recruited at a national level by professional mailings., Results: One thousand four hundred and sixty participants were included in the study, and only 46% reported actively promoting smoking cessation. In multivariate analyses, participants aged<35years were more likely to promote cessation of tobacco smoking, as well as the two thirds who believe that psychiatry is a systemic discipline with complex interactions between brain, body and mind. Almost two thirds of those promoting tobacco cessation reported lacking time to combine psychiatric and physical examination during one session. The psychiatrists who reported not promoting tobacco smoking cessation also reported never dealing with physical health in case of the absence of a general practitioner and thinking that physical examination may have a negative impact on the therapeutic relationship. Almost all (96%) reported promoting the need for a general practitioner for their patients. We found no significant difference between the public and private sectors (P>0.05)., Interpretation: Young psychiatrists are more prone than their elders to promote smoking cessation but report lacking time to include it in their daily practice. Promotion of tobacco smoking cessation should be included in the components for quality evaluation for mental health services and specific sessions dedicated to this intervention., (Copyright © 2021 L'Encéphale, Paris. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The aim of this study is to report the case of a woman who killed a child. After a forensic psychiatric appraisal to evaluate penal responsibility, she was considered not guilty by reason of insanity and mandatorily committed to the central forensic psychiatric hospital in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The patient received a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia, based on DSM-IV-TR. She was not in psychiatric treatment and showed psychotic symptoms before the violent behavior became manifest. The study of motivational factors in homicidal behavior may provide further knowledge for understanding, preventing and treating it in such cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ALTER: European Journal of Disability Research, Journal Europeen de Erche sur le Handicap is the property of European Society for Disability Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives To examine the impact of antenatal psychosocial stressors, including maternal common mental disorders (CMD), upon low birth weight, stillbirth and neonatal mortality, and other perinatal outcomes in rural Ethiopia. Methods A population-based sample of 1065 pregnant women was assessed for symptoms of antenatal CMD (Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20: SRQ-20), stressful life events during pregnancy (List of Threatening Experiences: LTE) and worry about the forthcoming delivery. In a sub-sample of 654 women from six rural sub-districts, neonatal birth weight was measured on 521 (79.7%) singleton babies within 48 h of delivery. Information about other perinatal outcomes was obtained shortly after birth from the mother’s verbal report and via the Demographic Surveillance System. Results After adjusting for potential confounders, none of the psychosocial stressors were associated with lower mean birth weight, stillbirth or neonatal mortality. Increasing levels of antenatal CMD symptoms were associated both with prolonged labour (>24 h) (SRQ 1–5: RR 1.4; 95% CI 1.0–1.9, SRQ ≥ 6: RR 1.6; 95% CI 1.0–2.6) and delaying initiation of breast-feeding more than eight hours (SRQ 1–5: RR 1.4; 95% CI 0.8 to 2.4, SRQ ≥ 6: RR 2.8; 95% CI 1.3–6.1). Worry about delivery was also associated with labour longer than 24 h (RR 1.5; 95% CI 1.0–2.1). Conclusions This study provides preliminary evidence of important public health consequences of poor maternal mental health in low-income countries but does not replicate the strong association with low birth weight found in South Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Compared to the general population, psychiatric patients are more exposed to physical illness but have reduced access to care., Methods: We conducted a descriptive study in Montpellier between November 2011, 2nd and December 2012, 21st. Every Wednesday and Friday, the last two inpatients admitted in the psychiatric post-emergency unit of the University Hospital of Montpellier were assessed by a general practitioner and included in the study. This unit takes care of suicidal patients suffering from mood and/or personality disorders. The general practitioner assessed lifetime somatic history, current somatic comorbidities and medical follow-up for non-psychiatric issues., Results: One hundred patients were included. The sample consisted of 81% women with a mean age of 43 years (18-79 years). The majority of patients had a lifetime history of somatic disease (96%) and was followed by a general practitioner (99%). Six patients had no met general practitioner for at least one year. Dyslipidemia was reported in 32 patients, among those only one patient was on lipid-lowering drug (96.88%). Among patients with impaired dental condition, 29 (55.77%) had not met a dentist for at least one year. Among those with impaired near visual acuity and/or impaired distance visual acuity, 19 (65.52%) had not met an ophthalmologist for at least one year., Conclusion: Although detected, somatic comorbidities seem outsourced in psychiatric patients. Greater awareness among different health professionals about the medical care of such patients could improve healthcare management and life expectancy., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Background: Prisoners' sociocultural backgrounds and prison environments have an influence on detainees' psychopathology; complex judicial and public policies are also to be taken into account in the dynamics of that environment. Scientific literature shows a wide range prison inmates' profiles across the world. However, very little data about the mental health of Caribbean jail inmates has been published. Martinique is a French overseas administrative district in the Caribbean, with a population of about 400,000 inhabitants. Its only prison is located in the city of Ducos. Our study proposes a description of the psychiatric characteristics of jail inmates in Martinique with epidemiological tools. Its objectives are to highlight their specific features and compare them to mainland France's jail population., Methods: The initial study was a multicenter cross-sectional survey conducted in 18 French prisons. The selection was done using a two-stage stratified sampling strategy. For the purpose of our study, two groups were defined and compared: the detainees from the prison of Ducos (n=100) were compared to inmates from mainland France (n=698). Current psychiatric diagnoses were rigorously collected, through clinical and semi-structured interviews. We conducted a multiple logistic regression for each assessed mental disorder. Each prisoner gave us his oral and written informed consent., Results: In terms of sociodemographic characteristics, we found more children per prisoner in the Martinican group and a better educational status in the mainland France group. The inmates from Martinique had significantly more adverse experiences in their childhood and the length of incarceration at the time of the interview was longer in the Martinique sample. Major depressive disorders (aOR=0.51; 95% CI=0.26-0.95) and psychotic disorders (aOR=0.24; 95% CI=0.08-0.57) were significantly less frequent in the Martinique sample. The data concerning substance-related disorders showed significant differences in bivariate analysis but this link was no longer statistically significant in the multiple logistic regression analysis., Conclusion: Even if imprisonment conditions are extremely tough, the inmates carry the heavy burden of difficult family histories, and the use of cannabis seems to be a major problem, it appears that Martinique's jail inmates have lower rates of mental illness than their counterparts from mainland France. We think this could be due to the benefit of greater proximity to their relatives and a united community, both which may contribute to lower prevalence of mental disorders., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Psychiatry as a discipline should no longer be grounded in the dualistic opposition between organic and mental disorders. This non-dualistic position refusing the partition along functional versus organic lines is in line with Jean Delay, and with Robert Spitzer who wanted to include in the definition of mental disorder discussed by the DSM-III task force the statement that "mental disorders are a subset of medical disorders". However, it is interesting to note that Spitzer and colleagues ingeniously introduced the definition of "mental disorder" in the DSM-III in the following statement: "there is no satisfactory definition that specifies precise boundaries for the concept "mental disorder" (also true for such concepts as physical disorder and mental and physical health)". Indeed, as for "mental disorders", it is as difficult to define what they are as it is to define what constitutes a "physical disorder". The problem is not the words "mental" or "organic" but the word "disorder". In this line, Wakefield has proposed a useful "harmful dysfunction" analysis of mental disorder. They raise the issue of the dualistic opposition between organic and mental disorders, and situate the debate rather between the biological/physiological and the social. The paper provides a brief analysis of this shift on the question of what is a mental disorder, and demonstrates that a mental disorder is not more "organic" than any other medical condition. While establishing a dichotomy between organic and psychiatry is no longer intellectually tenable, the solution is not to reduce psychiatric and non-psychiatric disorders to the level of "organic disorders" but rather to continue to adopt both a critical and clinically pertinent approach to what constitutes a "disorder" in medicine., (Copyright © 2017 L'Encéphale, Paris. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)