Search

A two-color homodyne Mach–Zehnder optical fiber interferometer is developed for the measurement of electron and neutral particle densities in a high-density capsule θ-pinch device. The interferometer leverages the disparate contributions of distinct particles to the refractive index across two discrete wavelengths of 1310 and 1550 nm and incorporates the contributions of both electron and neutral particle densities to the phase shift in the plasma. The temporal evolutions of line-integrated electron and neutral argon densities are successfully measured by the interferometer. Comparing the electron density waveforms under various working gas pressures as well as the results obtained using the monochromatic and two-color measurements, it is inferred that the influence of neutral particle density can be neglected when measuring the electron density using a long-wavelength laser. Moreover, the maximum electron density is linearly correlated with the capacitor bank voltage for the θ-pinch device (5–9 kV). Overall, the proposed interferometer is capable of simultaneously measuring the electron and neutral particle densities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the popularisation of the concept of sustainable traditional wickerwork, wickerwork cultural and creative products have become the most popular craft production. Kansei consensus on the design of wickerwork lamps has become a key factor influencing the communication between manufacturers and customers. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to develop a product evaluation model for wickerwork cultural and creative products that meet the emotional satisfaction of users. Firstly, this paper could build a three-level evaluation grid diagram driven by user attractiveness through EGM, and extracts key dimensions in the perceptual vocabulary using FA. Secondly, evaluation indicators are constructed and grey relation analysis (GRA) is used to synthetically assess the priority order of evaluation indicators based on the obtained weight values. Finally, in order to effectively deal with uncertain product evaluation information, the intuitionistic fuzzy VIKOR method was used to evaluate representative product design solutions, and the most perceptually attractive product design solution was preferentially selected. This study selected wickerwork lamps as the design case of cultural and creative products, the results of the study enable designers to accurately grasp customers’ emotional perceptions of wickerwork products and obtain the best wickerwork production design solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kansei Engineering (KE) is a product design method that aims to develop products to meet users' emotional preferences. However, traditional KE faces the problem that the acquisition of Kansei factors does not represent the real consumers demands based on manual and reports, and using traditional methods to calculate relationship between Kansei factors and specific design elements, which can lead to the omission of key information. To address these problems, this study adopts text mining and backward propagation neural networks (BPNN) to propose a product form design method from a multi-objective optimization perspective. Firstly, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) and WordNet are used to extract key user Kansei requirements from online review texts to obtain more accurate Kansei knowledge. Secondly, the BPNN is used to establish the non-linear relationship between product Kansei factors and specific design elements, and a preference mapping prediction model is constructed. Finally, BPNN is transformed into an iterative prediction value of non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II), and the model is solved through multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) to obtain the Pareto optimal solution set that satisfies the user's multiple emotional needs, and the fuzzy Delphi method is used to obtain the best product form design scheme that meets the user's multiple emotional images. Using the example of electric bicycle form design could show that this proposed method can effectively complete multi-objective product solutions innovation design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the popularization of the concept of sustainability in traditional wickerwork, wickerwork lamps have become the most popular production. When customers purchase wickerwork lamp products, the Kansei consensus has become a key factor influencing the communication between manufacturers and customers. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the product design solutions for wickerwork lamps that meet the emotional satisfaction of users. Firstly, a three-level evaluation grid diagram driven by user attractiveness through Miryoku Engineering is established. Secondly, this paper uses grey relational analysis (GRA) to extract the priority order and its weight values in the perceptual vocabulary to identify the key user needs in product design. In order to effectively deal with the uncertain product evaluation information, the fuzzy quality function deployment (QFD) is used to construct the "emotional demand-design parameter" transformation model and derive the optimal design parameters in the mapping process, thus effectively reducing the ambiguity and uncertainty in the demand transformation process. Based on the experimental results, it is found that the best combination of Texture light transmittance, Simple wickerwork material, Wickerwork primary colours, Cascaded type and Pastoral style could be preferred by customers, thus this proposed method can effectively reduce the ambiguity and uncertainty in the design process. The results of study enable designers to accurately grasp customers' perceptions of wickerwork lamp products and obtain the best design parameters for wickerwork lamp products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional craftsmanship and culture are facing a transformation in modern science and technology development, and the cultural industry is gradually stepping into the digital era, which can realize the sustainable development of intangible cultural heritage with the help of digital technology. To innovatively generate wickerwork pattern design schemes that meets the user's preferences, this study proposes a design method of wickerwork patterns based on a style migration algorithm. First, an image recognition experiment using residual network (ResNet) based on the convolutional neural network is applied to the Funan wickerwork patterns to establish an image recognition model. The experimental results illustrate that the optimal recognition rate is 93.37% for the entire dataset of ResNet50 of the pattern design images, where the recognition rate of modern patterns is 89.47%, while the recognition rate of traditional patterns is 97.14%, the recognition rate of wickerwork patterns is 95.95%, and the recognition rate of personality is 90.91%. Second, based on Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Networks (CycleGAN) to build design scheme generation models of the Funan wickerwork patterns, CycleGAN can automatically and innovatively generate the pattern design scheme that meets certain style characteristics. Finally, the designer uses the creative images as the inspiration source and participates in the detailed adjustment of the generated images to design the wickerwork patterns with various stylistic features. This proposed method could explore the application of AI technology in wickerwork pattern development, and providing more comprehensive and rich new material for the creation of wickerwork patterns, thus contributing to the sustainable development and innovation of traditional Funan wickerwork culture. In fact, this digital technology can empower the inheritance and development of more intangible cultural heritages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protecting and inheriting local traditional handicrafts and developing them into characteristic handicraft industries plays a certain role in maintaining social harmony and stability. This study proposes an innovative design method for wickerwork patterns to achieve the sustainable development of wickerwork handicraft culture. In order to accurately grasp the emotional perception law of wickerwork handicraft patterns and creatively generate wickerwork pattern design schemes in accordance with the user's emotional preference, a wickerwork pattern design method based on deep learning is proposed. Firstly, the image recognition model of the Funan wickerwork patterns is established by using the ResNet. The experimental results show that the best recognition rate of ResNet34 for the whole pattern design image dataset is 94.36%, the recognition rate of modern patterns is 95.92%, and the recognition rate of traditional wickerwork patterns is 93.45%. Secondly, based on deep convolution generative adversarial network (DCGAN), a design scheme generation model of Funan wickerwork patterns is built. DCGAN can automatically and creatively generate pattern design schemes that can effectively stimulate consumers' emotional feelings. Finally, the designer uses creative pictures as a source of inspiration, innovates the design of the generated images, and designs wickerwork patterns with exquisite personality. This proposed method will increase the diversity of patterns and promote the sustainable development of traditional wickerwork techniques. Moreover, this proposed method can help design companies identify customers' psychological needs and support designers in innovatively and efficiently creating new cultural innovation design solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: When a fire occurs at the lowest point of a V‐shaped tunnel, the stack effects on both sides have different directions and will compete with each other. The smoke back‐layering can be observed in the side with a smaller angle. In this work, the smoke back‐layering length in the V‐shaped tunnel was investigated by theoretical analyses and numerical simulations. The different inclination combinations of the V‐shaped tunnel and the heat release rates (HRRs) were concerned. The HRRs were set at 3, 5, 8, and 10 MW, respectively. An equivalent longitudinal velocity of the V‐shaped tunnel was proposed in this study. Different from the horizontal tunnel fire, the smoke back‐layering length decreased with the increase of the HRR in the V‐shaped tunnel due to the special smoke movement, and a prediction function was proposed to describe the relationship. After that, the effect of the different inclination combinations on the smoke back‐layering length was researched under the same HRR. The dimensionless smoke back‐layering length decreased with the rise of the sine difference between the two angles of the V‐shaped tunnel. In addition, when the smaller angle was fixed, the dimensionless smoke back‐layering length decreases logarithmically with the increase of the sine difference of the tunnel angles on both sides. At last, a semi‐empirical formula for smoke back‐layering length in V‐shaped tunnels was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the performance of an intelligent omni-surface (IOS) assisted downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) network with phase quantization errors and channel estimation errors, where the channels related to the IOS are spatially correlated. First, upper bounds on the average achievable rates of the two users are derived. Then, channel hardening is shown to occur in the proposed system, based on which we derive approximations of the average achievable rates of the two users. The analytical results illustrate that the proposed upper bound and approximation on the average achievable rates are asymptotically equivalent in the number of elements. Furthermore, it is proved that the asymptotic equivalence also holds for the average achievable rates with correlated and uncorrelated channels. Additionally, we extend the analysis by evaluating the average achievable rates for IOS assisted orthogonal multiple access (OMA) and IOS assisted multi-user NOMA scenarios. Simulation results corroborate the theoretical analysis and demonstrate that: i) low-precision elements with only two-bit phase adjustment can achieve the performance close to the ideal continuous phase shifting scheme; ii) The average achievable rates with correlated channels and uncorrelated channels are asymptotically equivalent in the number of elements; iii) IOS-assisted NOMA does not always perform better than OMA due to the reconfigurability of IOS in different time slots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In this paper, the effect of inclined tunnel ceiling on the characteristic of smoke extraction and the efficiency of mechanical smoke exhaust is studied. The parameters of different ceiling inclination angles, exhaust velocities, and heat release rates in the tunnel fire are taken into account. The results demonstrate that for the given smoke exhaust velocity and heat release rate, as the ceiling inclination angle increases, the smoke flow tends to accumulate toward the centerline of the tunnel ceiling, which increases the temperature of the smoke layer and relieves the phenomenon of plug‐holing beneath the shaft. The applicability of previous Fr criterion for predicting whether the plug‐holing phenomenon occurs is also verified. It is shown that the Fr criterion of Fr = 1.5 can also be applicable to the tunnel with different inclination angles. In addition, a predicted correlation for the mechanical smoke exhaust efficiency is established by taking the effect of inclined tunnel ceiling into account, and the predicted value is in good agreement with the results in this paper. This work provides an improved understanding of mechanical smoke extraction in tunnel with inclined ceiling. It may also serve as a reference for the design of a mechanical smoke exhaust system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When users choose a product, they consider the emotional experience triggered by the product form. In view of the fact that traditional kansei engineering can not effectively reflect the complex and changeable psychological factors of users, and it has not explored the complex relationship between customer satisfaction and perceptual demand characteristics. To address this problem, some uncertainty techniques including rough sets and fuzzy sets are applied to capture more accurate emotion knowledge. Therefore, this research proposes an integrated evaluation gird method (EGM), rough set theory (RST), continuous fuzzy kano model (CFKM), fuzzy weighted association rule mining method to extract the significant relationship between user needs and product morphological features. The EGM is applied to analyze the attractive factor of morphological characteristics of the product, and then the demand items with the highest satisfaction are analyzed through CFKM. The semantic difference method is combined to construct a decision table, and through attribute reduction and importance calculation to obtain the weight of the core product design items. In order to explore the non-linear relationship between design elements and kansei images, the fuzzy weighted association rule mining method was applied to obtain the set of frequent fuzzy weighted association rules based on evidence theory's reliability indices of minimum support and confidence so as to realize user demand-driven product design. Taking the design of electric bicycle as an example, the experiment results show that the proposed method can help companies or designers develop products to generate good solutions for customer need. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Arteriogenesis is an important mechanism that contributes to restoration of oxygen supply in chronically ischemic tissues, but remains incompletely understood due to technical limitations. This study presents a novel approach for comprehensive assessment of the remodeling pattern in a complex microvascular network containing multiple collateral microvessels. Methods: We have developed a hardware‐software integrated platform for quantitative, longitudinal, and label‐free imaging of network‐wide hemodynamic changes and arteriogenesis at the single‐vessel level. By ligating feeding arteries in the mouse ear, we induced network‐wide hemodynamic redistribution and localized arteriogenesis. The utility of this technology was demonstrated by studying the influence of obesity on microvascular arteriogenesis. Results: Simultaneously monitoring the remodeling of competing collateral arterioles revealed a new, inverse relationship between initial vascular resistance and extent of arteriogenesis. Obese mice exhibited similar remodeling responses to lean mice through the first week, including diameter increase and flow upregulation in collateral arterioles. However, these gains were subsequently lost in obese mice. Conclusions: Capable of label‐free, comprehensive, and dynamic quantification of structural and functional changes in the microvascular network in vivo, this platform opens up new opportunities to study the mechanisms of microvascular arteriogenesis, its implications in diseases, and approaches to pharmacologically rectify microvascular dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We try to synthesize InxGa1−xSb nanowires on silicon (100) substrate using InSb and GaSb as source materials and we succeeded. Au film was used as catalysts. The experiment is simple and repeatable. The diameter of the grown nanowires is 60–200 nm and up to 10 microns in length. The grown nanowires have good crystallinity. Due to the doping of indium, we found that the XRD peaks of nanowires were shifted. We have fabricated fully nanostructured device using ultra-long Ag nanowires as electrodes for the I–V characteristic study, and found that the device has photoresponse characteristics and the I–V characteristic curve was asymmetric, we explain that it was due to the asymmetry of this fully nanostructured devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CaTiO3 phase is the intermediate phase at the cathode in the preparation of titanium metal through the direct electrochemical deoxidization of titania in molten CaCl2. The formation mechanism of CaTiO3 in the cathode and the releasing of Cl2 from the anode were studied during deoxidation of TiO2 by FFC Cambridge process. Experiments were conducted, where a preformed TiO2 cylindrical pellet was dipped into molten CaCl2 at 900 °C under high-purity Ar to evaluate the formation of CaTiO3 from the hydrolysis of molten CaCl2. Partial electrolysis experiments were also used to confirm the formation of CaTiO3 in molten CaCl2, particularly short-time electrolysis (1, 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes). In addition, Cl− was observed to discharge at the anode. The results show that the behaviors of both electrodes are closely related to current-time curve. After the turning point on the current-time curve, Cl2 will no longer be released, maybe no CaTiO3 will be formed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the problem of deviation and registration of 3D radar and infrared sensor, this paper presents and improves a method based on the state value and space deviation of federated filtering of unscented Kalman filter and standard Kalman filter, which conduces to real time registering of system deviation of radar and IF sensors. In the method presented here, a covariance matching criteria-based approach was employed for judgment of filtering divergent trend, while self-adaptive attenuation factor was introduced for correction of the predicted error covariance so as to inhibit the divergent phenomenon. The experiment results indicated that the method presented here conduces to improvement of the precision and speed of space registration, showing practical value in deviation registration of 3D radars and infrared sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Product designers need to fully understand consumers' emotional preferences and responses for product forms to improve products. However, users and designers have different understandings and concepts in the product evaluation process, which will lead to cognitive asymmetry in the product design and evaluating process. This phenomenon prevents designers to grasp users' needs, increasing the risk of product development failure. To this end, this paper proposes a product evaluation method that combines natural language processing techniques and fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making into a new integrated way to reduce the cognitive difference between users and designers, so as to solve the problem of cognitive asymmetry. This was done firstly by obtaining the review data of products from users on the Internet, based on a web crawler, and then constructing word vectors based on natural language processing techniques to realize the parametric expression of the Kansei image. Secondly, by using a statistical method to extract the product scheme that meets the preferences of users and designers, and then quantifying the relationship between the product form and Kansei image based on a grey relational analysis (GRA). Finally, by calculating the indicator weight based on the Entropy method and using the fuzzy TOPSIS method to explore the prioritization of the product design alternatives in view of the Kansei needs of users. Taking the smart capsule coffee machine as an example, the feasibility and effectiveness of this method are verified. In particular, the method proposed in this research can not only enable different cognitive subjects to achieve cognitive symmetry, but also filter out product forms that meet the cognitive needs of users. Moreover, this study provides a theoretical basis and practical significance for reducing the cognitive differences between cognitive subjects in the whole process of product design, and provides a systematic framework for the industry to effectively connect customer needs and product design decisions. At the same time, this study has introduced a new method for Kansei engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism motivation and satisfaction are classic themes in tourism research. This study combines latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) and the Censydiam motivation model to analyze online reviews of tourism in Qinghai, China. The aim of this research is to explore tourist motivation through online reviews and provide innovative service suggestions to improve tourist satisfaction. The LDA model initially extracts six main topics from online comments. Then, using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP), it maps the relationship between topics and tourism motivations to propose strategies for enhancing tourists' enjoyment, conviviality, and other motivating factors. Furthermore, we employ the Kano model to evaluate tourists' satisfaction levels regarding these strategies, demonstrating their positive evaluations. Hence, this study provides tourism industry professionals and service designers with an innovative method for understanding tourists' motivations through online reviews, enabling them to design specific services that enhance tourism experiences., Competing Interests: We declare that we have no financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that can inappropriately influence our work, there is no professional or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service and/or company that could be construed as influencing the position presented in, or the review of, the manuscript entitled., (© 2023 Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

We have developed photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) with three-dimensional (3D) micron-level spatial resolution. With multi-angle illumination, PAM images from different view angles can be simultaneously acquired for multi-view deconvolution, without the rotation of imaging targets. A side-by-side comparison of this multi-angle-illumination PAM (MAI-PAM) and conventional PAM, which share the same ultrasonic detector, was performed in phantoms and live mice. The phantom study showed that MAI-PAM achieved a high axial resolution of 3.7 μm, which was 10-fold higher than that of conventional PAM and approached the lateral resolution of 2.7 μm. Furthermore, the in vivo study demonstrated that MAI-PAM was able to image the 3D microvasculature with isotropic spatial resolution.

Multiphoton FLIM microscopy offers many opportunities to investigate processes in live cells, tissue and animal model systems. For redox measurements, FLIM data is mostly published by cell mean values and intensity-based redox ratios. Our method is based entirely on FLIM parameters generated by 3-detector time domain microscopy capturing autofluorescent signals of NAD(P)H, FAD and novel FLIM-FRET application of Tryptophan and NAD(P)H-a2%/FAD-a1% redox ratio. Furthermore, image data is analyzed in segmented cells thresholded by 2 × 2 pixel Regions of Interest (ROIs) to separate mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation from cytosolic glycolysis in a prostate cancer cell line. Hundreds of data points allow demonstration of heterogeneity in response to intervention, identity of cell responders to treatment, creating thereby different sub-populations. Histograms and bar charts visualize differences between cells, analyzing whole cell versus mitochondrial morphology data, all based on discrete ROIs. This assay method allows to detect subtle differences in cellular and tissue responses, suggesting an advancement over means-based analyses.

Enabling simultaneous high-resolution imaging of the total concentration of hemoglobin ([Formula: see text]), oxygen saturation of hemoglobin ([Formula: see text]), and cerebral blood flow (CBF), multiparametric photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) holds the potential to quantify the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen at the microscopic level. However, its imaging speed has been severely limited by the pulse repetition rate of the dual-wavelength photoacoustic excitation and the scanning mechanism. To address these limitations, we have developed a new generation of multiparametric PAM. Capitalizing on a self-developed high-repetition dual-wavelength pulsed laser and an optical-mechanical hybrid-scan configuration, this innovative technique has achieved an unprecedented A-line rate of 300 kHz, leading to a 20-fold increase in the imaging speed over our previously reported multiparametric PAM that is based on pure mechanical scanning. The performance of the high-speed multiparametric PAM has been examined both in vitro and in vivo . Simultaneous PAM of microvascular [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and CBF in absolute values over a [Formula: see text]-mm-diameter brain region of interest can be accomplished within 10 min.